PAST PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT

STUDENT NAME: KELLY JOHANA RODRIGUEZ LOPEZ DATE: 19th / 02 - 2022

PRESENT PERFECT USES:

1. The present perfect is used for a. Mary is our math teacher. She has taught here for
five years.
a. actions or events that started in the past and continue to
the present. b. The children have read the rules. They’re ready
to play the game now.
b. completed actions or events with a connection to the
present.

2. With the present perfect, the exact time of the action or
event is not given. With the simple past, the exact time of
the past action or event is given or understood.
✓ They have gone to Morocco.
✗ They have gone to Morocco last month.
✓ They went to Morocco last month.

✓ did you sleep well?

3. Use the present perfect with a time period that has not I’ve called her twice this morning. (It’s still
ended yet. Use the simple past with a completed past time morning. I may call her again.) I called her twice
period. yesterday.

A. Circle the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.

1. a. She has dreamed / dreamed about going to the North Pole since she was young.

b. She has dreamed / dreamed about going to the North Pole last night.

2. a. I have never photographed / never photographed animals in the wild before.

b. We have not photographed / didn’t photograph animals when we were in Alaska.

3. a. Last year, my grandfather has gone / went to Iceland on business twice.

b. My grandfather has gone / went to Iceland on business twice since 2005.

4. a. They haven’t seen / didn’t see any bears on their trip so far.

b. They haven’t seen / didn’t see any bears on their trip last month.
B. Fill in the blanks with a suitable tense form.

1. He .................. all his childhood in a quaint had broken

village in China. 7. My puppy ....................
spent died
has spent has died
was spending dies
2. I ...................... all day yesterday. 8. I ................... a lot in Asia and Africa.
have read traveled
was reading have traveled
have been reading am traveled
3. Mozart died while he ..................... the 9. Once upon a time there .................... a
Requiem. beautiful princess.
composed has lived
was composing have lived
has composed lived
4. I ..................... the cleaning. What shall I do 10. He .................... hard for years.
now? worked
did was working
have done has worked
am doing 11. ....................... Romeo and Juliet on TV last
5. I ................... in India for ten years when I was night?
a child. Did you see
lived Were you seeing
have lived Have you seen
was living 12. My late grandfather ................. a lot for me.
6. I can’t play tomorrow because I ................. my has done
leg. did
broke Either could be used here
have broken
 Paul Nicklen’s. Polar Obsession

For most people, the Arctic and Antarctica are strange places that we know very
little about. Paul Nicklen’s collection of photographs and stories, Polar Obsession,
offers an excellent introduction. Nicklen grew up on an island in Northern
Canada, where he learned all about the outdoors from his Inuit1 neighbors. Ever
since that time, he has loved animals, cold weather, and adventure. As a
photojournalist, Nicklen has spent a lot of time in icy polar waters. He has
followed sea lions, dived with whales, and studied polar bears. One of the most
exciting parts of the book covers Nicklen’s unforgettable encounter with a
leopard seal in Antarctica. As the photographs clearly show, leopard seals are
very large—up to 12 feet (4 meters) long and weighing over 1000 pounds (450
kilograms). They have huge, sharp teeth, and they move quickly through the
water searching for food such as fish and penguins. Leopard seals can be
dangerous, but this didn’t stop Nicklen from trying to photograph one. When a
huge seal approached his boat, Nicklen got into the water. He was shaking with
fear, but much to his surprise the seal treated him gently. She even tried to feed
him! The seal brought him penguins to eat, and he photographed her. Nicklen
says it was the most incredible experience that he has ever had as a
photographer. In Polar Obsession, Nicklen shows us the beauty of the polar world
and his passion for it. He also helps us to understand the importance of
protecting it.

C. READ text “Polar Obsession”. What is Paul Nicklen’s passion?

Take the sentences in past simple and perfect time:

Nickle Grew up on an island He has loved animals

He learned all about the outdoors Nicklen has spent a lot of times
 Nicklen Got into de water He has followed sea lions

She even tried to feed him They have huge

D. Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses. Then write

since or for.

1. People in many countries enjoy ice swimming. It became popular several decades ago.

People have enjoyed (enjoy) ice swimming for several decades.

2. The first Canadian Polar Bear Swim was in 1920. It is still an annual event.

The Canadian Polar Bear Swim has been an annual event Since 1920

3. Our town had its first New Year’s Day swim in 2010. Our town still has this swim.

Our town has had a New Year's Day Swim for many years

4. I wanted to swim with the Polar Bears when I was 13. I’m 23 and I still want to do it.

I have wanted to swim with the Polar Bears for ten years

5. The only sport my brother does is winter swimming.

He has not played any other sport since he was a teenager

6. My father doesn’t participate anymore. His last winter swim was four years ago.

My father has not participated for four years

7. My cousin always jumps into the water first. He did this last year and the year before.

My cousin has always jumped into the water first since he joined the Polar Bears.

8. We all love winter swimming. We loved our first experience, and we still love it.

We have loved winter swimming since we first tried it

E. QUIZ PRESENT PERFECT TIME. Select one of the options inside the test. Read carefully.
https://quizizz.com/join?gc=49452929

F. PLAY A GAME .

https://www.mes-games.com/animals4.php
E. Read the text and answer the following questions.

Ejemplo: B. painter’s voice.

Respuesta: 0. A B C C. painter’s show.

0. When she was seven, she slept 3. How often did she watch the show?

A. for some hours. A. three times a week

B. very well. B. once a week

C. a lot. C. twice a week

1. Where was the painter from? 5. She could not get oil paints because she

A. Ireland A. didn’t speak Spanish.

B. Spain B. was too young.

C. France C. always watched TV.

2. She was mostly excited by the 6. Stopping painting was

A. painter’s ability. A. the painter’s idea.

B. her mother’s order. C. her own decision

F. Where do you can find these advertisements.

7.

8.

9.
 7. A. In a pub.
B. In a park.
C. In a church.

8. A. In a restaurant.
B. In a museum.
C. In a post office.

9. A. On a game.
B. On a CD.
C. In a theater

10. A. In a roller-coaster
10. B. On a can of beans.
C. In an after-shave gel.

11. A. In a classroom.
B. In an airport.
C. In a coliseum

12. A. On a birthday card.

B. In a gasoline station.
11. C. On a video camera

12.
G. VOCABULARY

Write the meaning in Spanish with an example in English. Total eight sentences.

We have lived in this house for over seven Hemos vivido en esta casa durante más de
years. siete años.

I've lost my keys. He perdido mis llaves.

She has never been to Florida. Ella nunca ha estado en Barranquilla.

I'm bored, I have seen this film a lot of times. Estoy aburrido, he visto esa película muchas
veces.
 Housing
What is the full meaning of housing?
any shelter, lodging, or dwelling place. houses
collectively. the act of one who houses or puts
under shelter.
Expenses
What do we mean by expenses?
An expense is the cost of operations that a
company incurs to generate revenue. As the
popular saying goes, “it costs money to make
money.” Common expenses include payments to
suppliers, employee wages, factory leases, and
equipment depreciation.
Liquid Assets
A liquid asset is an asset that can easily be
converted into cash in a short amount of time.
Liquid assets include things like cash, money
market instruments, and marketable securities.
Both individuals and businesses can be concerned
with tracking liquid assets as a portion of their net
worth.
Groceries
What are groceries called?
bodega, greengrocery, minimarket, supermarket,
delicatessen, market, store.
Banknotes
What is meaning of bank note?
A banknote is a negotiable promissory note which
one party can use to pay another party a specific
amount of money. ... Banknotes are considered
legal tender; along with coins, they make up the
bearer forms of all modern money. A banknote is
known as a "bill" or a "note."
Revenue
Insurace
What is the basic definition of insurance?
What Is Insurance? Insurance is a contract,
represented by a policy, in which an individual or
entity receives financial protection or
reimbursement against losses from an insurance
company. The company pools clients' risks to
make payments more affordable for the insured.
Liability
What are liabilities meaning?
A liability is something a person or company owes,
usually a sum of money. ... Recorded on the right
side of the balance sheet, liabilities include loans,
accounts payable, mortgages, deferred revenues,
bonds, warranties, and accrued expenses.
Income
The definition of income is the amount of money
received by a person, group or company during a
certain period of time. An example of an income is
a $70,000 a year salary. ... Gross income minus
deductions permitted by the Internal Revenue
Code.
Savings
Saving is income not spent, or deferred
consumption. Methods of saving include putting
money aside in, for example, a deposit account, a
pension account, an investment fund, or as cash.
Saving also involves reducing expenditures, such
as recurring costs.
Borrower
A borrower is an individual or entity that is using
money, assets, or services on credit. The concept
most commonly applies to the lending of funds,
where a borrower applies for a loan, and there is a
credit evaluation by the lender.
Forecast
 What Is Revenue? Revenue is the money
generated from normal business operations,
calculated as the average sales price times the
number of units sold. It is the top line (or gross
income) figure from which costs are subtracted to
determine net income. Revenue is also known as
sales on the income statement.
1a : to calculate or predict (some future event or
condition) usually as a result of study and analysis
of available pertinent data The company is
forecasting reduced profits. ... 2 : to serve as a
forecast of : presage Such events may forecast
peace

1. One
3. Three
7. Seven
10. Ten
12. Twelve
24. twenty-four
36. thirty-six
48. forty-eight
55. fifty-five
69. sixty-nine

k) 9970: Nine thousand nine hundred seventy.

l) 99: Ninety-nine.

m) 100: One hundred.

n) 2.011: Tow thousand eleven.

o) 75.800: seventy-five thousand eight hundred.

p) 924.207: nine hundred twenty-four thousand two hundred seven

q) 9.500.400: nine million five hundred thousand four hundred.

2. Imagine that you get a 2million pesos as a monthly salary working in an office. Answer the

following questions:

- Is that money enough for you for a month?

- How can you spend it properly?

- How much would you spend in the following items?

ITEM AMOUNT

FOOD five hundred thousand pesos

TRANSPORTATION two hundred fifty thousand pesos

CLOTHES two hundred thousand pesos

SHOES seventy thousand pesos

EDUCATION two hundred thousand pesos

CLUBS Zero pesos

GYM sixty thousand pesos

UTILITIES Zero pesos

FRIENDS One hundred thousand pesos

 3.2.Listening practice

Watch the video creating a budget in 5 simple steps

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRQHuKeowhQ Work in groups of four and

discuss: what do you use your money for?

Fill in the chart below:

Step What should you do about creating a budget?

Step 1 Find out what is your income

Step 2 Make a list of all expenses.

Step 3 Calculate remaining money.

Step 4 Make adjustments

Step 5 Do it again.

3.3.Reading practice: reading about Financial Liquidity1

Read the following text and answer the questions below.

Understanding financial liquidity Liquidity and Companies

Liquidity refers to how easily assets can be Liquidity for companies typically refers to a
company's ability to use its current assets to meet
converted into cash. Assets like stocks and bonds are
its current or short-term liabilities. A company is
very liquid since they can be converted to cash within
also measured by the amount of cash it generates
days. However, large assets such as property, plant,
above and beyond its liabilities. The cash left over
and equipment are not as easily converted to cash.
that a company has to
For
example, your checking account is liquid, but if you
owned land and needed to sell it, it may take weeks
or months to liquidate it, making it less liquid.
Financial Liquidity
Cash is the most liquid asset. However, some
investments are easily converted to cash like stocks
and bonds. Since stocks and bonds are extremely
easy to convert to cash, they're often referred to as
liquid assets.
Investment assets that take longer to convert to
cash might include preferred or restricted shares,
which usually have covenants dictating how and
when they can be sold.
Coins, stamps, art and other collectibles are less
liquid than cash if the investor wants full value for
the items. For example, if an investor was to sell to
another collector, they might get full value if they
wait for the right buyer. However, the item could be
sold at a discount to its value if done through a
dealer or broker if cash was needed.
Land, real estate, or buildings are considered the
least liquid assets because it could take weeks or
months to sell them.
Before investing in any asset, it's important to keep in
mind the asset's liquidity levels since it could be
difficult or take time to convert back into cash. Of
course, other than selling an asset, cash can be
obtained by borrowing against an asset. For example,
banks lend money to companies, taking the
companies' assets as collateral to protect the bank
from a default. The company receives cash but must
pay back the original loan amount plus interest to the
bank.
Liquidity in the Market
expand its business and pay shareholders via
dividends is referred to as cash flow. Although, this
article won't delve into the merits of cash flow,
having operating cash is vital for a company both in
the short-term and for long-term expansion.
Below are three common ratios used to
measure a company's liquidity or how well a
company can liquidate its assets to meet its
current obligations.
The current ratio (also known as working
capital ratio) measures the liquidity of a company
and is calculated by dividing its current assets by its
current liabilities. The term current refers to short-
term assets or liabilities that are consumed (assets)
and paid off (liabilities) is less than one year. The
current ratio is used to provide a company's ability
to pay back its liabilities (debt and accounts payable)
with its assets (cash, marketable securities,
inventory, and accounts receivable). Of course,
industry standards vary, but a company should
ideally have a ratio greater than 1, meaning they
have more current assets to current liabilities.
However, it's important to compare ratios to similar
companies within the same industry for an accurate
comparison.
The quick ratio, sometimes called the acid-test ratio,
is identical to the current ratio, except the ratio
excludes inventory. Inventory is removed because it
is the most difficult to convert to cash when
compared to the other
current assets like cash, short-term investments, and
accounts receivable. In other words, inventory is not
as liquid as the other current assets. A ratio value of
greater than one is typically considered good from a
liquidity standpoint, but this is industry dependent.
The operating cash flow ratio measures how well
Market liquidity refers to a market's ability to allow
assets to be bought and sold easily and quickly, such current liabilities are covered by the cash flow
as a country's financial markets or real estate generated from a company's operations. The
market. operating cash flow ratio is a measure of short-term

liquidity by calculating the number of times a

company can pay down its current debts with cash
generated in
The market for a stock is liquid if its shares can be
quickly bought and sold and the trade has little
impact on the stock's price. Company stocks traded
on the major exchanges are typically considered
liquid.
If an exchange has a high volume of trade, the price
a buyer offers per share (the bid price) and the
price the seller is willing to accept (the ask price)
should be close to each other. In other words, the
buyer wouldn't have to pay more to buy the stock
and would be able to liquidate it easily. When the
spread between the bid and ask prices widens, the
market becomes more illiquid. For illiquid stocks,
the spread can be much wider, amounting to a few
percentage points of the trading price.
The time of day is important too. If you're trading
stocks or investments after hours, there may be
fewer market participants. Also, if you're trading an
overseas instrument like currencies, liquidity might
be less for the euro during, for example, Asian
trading hours. As a result, the bid-offer-spread
might be much wider than had you traded the euro
during European trading hours.
the same period. The ratio is calculated by dividing
the operating cash flow by the current liabilities. A
higher number is better since it means a company
can cover its current liabilities more times. An
increasing operating cash flow ratio is a sign of
financial health, while those companies with
declining ratios may have liquidity issues in the
short-term.
Bottom Line
Liquidity is important among markets, in companies,
and for individuals. While the total value of assets
owned may be high, a company or individual could
run into liquidity issues if the assets cannot be
readily converted to cash. For companies that have
loans to banks and creditors, a lack of liquidity can
force the company to sell assets they don't want to
liquidate in order to meet short-term obligations.
Banks play an important role in the market by
lending cash to companies while holding assets as
collateral.
Market liquidity is critical if investors want to be able
to get in and out of investments easily and smoothly
with no delays. As a result, you have to be sure to
monitor the liquidity of a stock, mutual fund,
security or financial market before entering a
position2
Use your own words to explain the following concepts:

CONCEPT MEANING

LIQUITY What exactly is liquidity?

Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset, or security, can be

converted into ready cash without affecting its market price. Cash is the
most liquid of assets, while tangible items are less liquid.

LIQUID ASSETS A liquid asset is an asset that can easily be converted into cash in a short
amount of time. Liquid assets include things like cash, money market
instruments, and marketable securities. Both individuals and businesses can
be concerned with tracking liquid assets as a portion of their net worth.

LIABILITIES Definition: A liability is a debt owed from one company to a person or

company that is not an owner of business. In other words, liabilities are
debts owed to non-owners or creditors.

QUICK RATIO The quick ratio measures a company's capacity to pay its current liabilities
without needing to sell its inventory or obtain additional financing. ... The
higher the ratio result, the better a company's liquidity, and financial health;
the lower the ratio, the more likely the company will struggle with paying
debts.

OPERATING The operating cash flow ratio is a measure of the number of times a
CASH FLOW company can pay off current debts with cash generated within the same
RATIO period. A high number, greater than one, indicates that a company has
generated more cash in a period than what is needed to pay off its current
liabilities