𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡í𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎

𝑑𝑞 = 𝜎𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝐴 = 𝑅 2 sin(𝜙) 𝑑𝜙𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑞 = 𝜎𝑅 2 sin(𝜙) 𝑑𝜙𝑑𝜃

|𝐸ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑜 | = |𝐸𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 | − |𝐸𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑎 |

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑅 𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑦 𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑧𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝐸𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 → 𝑆𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠
𝑄 𝑄
𝐸(4𝜋𝑅 2 ) = → 𝐸𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =
𝜖0 4𝜋𝑅 2 𝜖0
𝐸𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑎 → 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑠𝑠
 2
𝜎𝜋𝑟 2
𝐸𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑎 𝜋𝑟 =
𝜖0

𝜎
𝐸𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑎 =
𝜖0
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑄 𝜎 1 𝑄
|𝐸| = − = [ − 𝜎]
4𝜋𝑅 𝜖0 𝜖0 𝜖0 4𝜋𝑅 2
2

𝐿𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑝ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝜎𝜋𝑟 2

𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠:
𝜎𝜋𝑟 2 𝑄
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞𝐸 = [ − 𝜎]
𝜖0 4𝜋𝑅 2
𝐿𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜, 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠:
𝜎𝜋𝑟 2 𝑄
𝐹 𝜖 [4𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜎]
= 0
𝐴 4𝜋𝑅 2