Pre-IntermediateUnit 16 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Future Progressive, Future Perfect Simple Unit 21 Unit 22 Both, All, Neither, None, Either, Double Conjunctions sve English Grammar Pre-Intermediate Contents Present Simple, Present Progressive ..... J. sseeeete eee eeeeeceee eee ed 2 Future Will, Future Going to, Time Clauses . Past Simple, Past Progressive .. Vo Word order, Verbs with two objects, Prepositions of Time, Prepositions of Place .. 19 Revision Units 1-4 fe Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Progressive Articles, Nouns ..... Relative Pronouns, Relative Clauses Infinitive ing Form . Revision Units 5-9 .. Must, Have to, Need, Should, Ought to, Had better Passive Voice | Passive Voice I. . Conditional Sentences Type 4. and Type 2, Zero Concitional Revision Units 10-13 ............... cee. Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Progressive . Reported Speech |. . Reported Speech Il . . sede Adjectives, Adverbs, Comparisons . . . . . : Clauses of Reason, Clauses of Result, Exclamatory Clauses. tevision Units Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Must, Can't Conditional Sentences Type 3 Revision Units 19-22 . a Student A Pairwork Activities .- 148 Student B Pairwork Acti 154 Irregular Verbs Word List 160 164“Yut? ne Present Simple Present Progressive Brenda Smith, a bungee-jumping instructor, talking to Peter Gordon about the exciting world of, bungee-jumping. Peter: So, Brenda, what does a bungeejumping instructor usually do each day? Brenda: | get up early in the moming and make sure that the weather is good. Then, | make all the necessary preparations. ‘And whet are you doing these days? We are showing @ group of teenagers that bungee jumping is a safe sport. I'm also asking their parents to join us and help with the preparations. Peter: Well, I'm standing here, on this bridge with you now, but | don't feel very safe. Brenda: t's OK to be afraid, but that changes after the first jump. Peter: Brenda, what are you doing? Brenda: I'm showing you how to jump. Peter: I'm sorry, but | really have to go... Find in the text two examples of the follo @ something that happens regularly. 1 2 bb something which is happening these days, but not always. 1 2 ‘© something which is happening at the moment of speaking. 1 2 |0 i We use the Present Simpl © ‘or habits and for repeated actions in the present. They often go to the cinema on Saturdays. aa © for permanent states in the present. always, usually, often, rarely, never work in a supermarket. eae : once/twice etc, a week/month, ete, © for general truths. every day/year, etc, on Mondays, The ises in the e% cede nee in spring, in the afternoon, etc. © for actions that take place according to a schedule. The film starts at half past eight. Ts FORMS. SHORT FORMS T work do not work T don’t work | He/She/It works He/She/It does not work He/She/it doesn't work — | We/You/They work | We/You/They do not work | We/You/They don’t work Questions pms Do | work? Does he/she/it work? Do we/you/they work? Yes, | do. Yes, he/she/it does. Yes, we/you/they do. No, I don’t. No, he/she/it doesn't. No, we/you/they don't, The frequency adverbs always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, never usually go before the main vero, but after the auxiliary verb (de/does) and the verb be. Do you often go to the cinema? —_She is always busy. © Present Progressive We use the Present Progressive: © ‘or actions that are happening now, at the moment, eee of speaking. Listen! John is playing the piano. ow, at present, at the moment, today, these days, this week/year, etc, tonight, tomorrow, next week, etc. © for temporary actions that are happening around the time of speaking. Jim is working at a garage for the summer. © for actions that we have planned to do in the near future (we mention when). Helen is going on holiday next week. FULL FORMS, SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS, ‘SHORT FORMS Tam working Tm working Tam not working, I'm not working He7She/It iS working | He/She/It’s working | He/She/It is not working —_| He/She/It isn't working We/You/They are working] We/You/They're working] We/You/They are not working] We/You/They aren't working} es Bias ‘Am | working? Yes, | am No, I'm not. Is he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it is No, he/she/it isn't, Are we/you/they working? | Yes, we/you/they are. | No, we/you/they aren't.Stative verbs usually describe: senses: smell, taste, hear, see, etc. ‘emotions: love, like, hate, dislike, want, need, prefer, ete. thought, perception, knowledge, belief: know, think, mean, understand, forget, remember, etc. permanent states: cost, own, appear, seem, weigh, belong, etc. © Stative verbs are usually not used in the Present Progressive. Some of them can be used in progressive tenses, but with a different meaning. The most common of these verbs are: see I'm seeing the dentist tomorrow. think of/about I'm thinking of buying a country house. have (with words like lunch, breakfast, bath, etc.) She's having lunch now. [EEE te verbs tisten, took, waten are not stative verbs because they exoress deliberate actions. They are used in progressive tenses. We're watching a film right now. © awestion Words We use question words at the boginning of questions to ask for information. The question words ‘are who, which, whose, what, where, when, why and how. What are you doing? Which bike does Betty usually ride? How fast is your car? Where do you keep your CDs? © object questions / Object Quest ‘© Subject questions: When we use who/what/which to ask about the subject of the the verb, ‘we form the question with the verb in the affirmative form. Who ironed the clothes? Ann did. Which scarf is yours? The red one. © Object Questions: When we use who/what/which to ask about the object of the verb, we form the question with the verb in the interrogative form (auxiliary + base form). Who is your mother talking to? (She's talking to) the teacher. What kind of music does Helen like? (She likes) rock music. eeu oe Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets. 1 Colin___P/ays__(play) on his school volleyball team, but he (not play) in the game tomorrow because he (have) a cold. 2 Anna (never/eat) meat because she (not tke) it 31 (think) your mobile phone (ring). 4) (have) next week off work, but | (not go) anywhere because the weather is going to be bad. 5 We all (know) that the sun (not rise) in the west. 6 The school_____ (organise) a party for the new students this month.7 Mrs Brown (talk) on the phone at the moment. you (want) to leave a message? 8 Karen (see) the doctor this aftemoon because she is ill Read the prompts below and write questions and answers. Use the Present Simple or the Present Progressive, 1 you / usually / go / skiing / in spring / ? @ these trousers / cost / £80 /? > in winter > yes Do you usually go skiing in spring? No, we don't. We usually go skiing in winter 2 Mary / watch TV / at the moment / ? 5 Kim and Tina / learn / German / at school / > have / shower this year / 2 > French 3 this box / weigh / more than ten kilos / ? 6 Keith / study / for exams / this month / ? > twelve kilos > yes Complete the text with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets. In this picture, my brother and | are at the local Youth Club with some friends. | (1) _am playing _ (play) table tennis with my friend Sally. My brother (2) (sit) on the floor and he (8) (read) a book. We usually (4) ____ (go) to the Youth Club at the weekends because during the week we (5)__ have) a lot of homework to do. We 6) (meet) our friends there and ” (play) table tennis or board games. Valso (8)__(read) books and magazines, but my brother (9) __ (prefer) surfing on the Internet. At the end of every school year, the Youth Club (10) _ (organise) a camping trip for its members. Each time we (41) (spend) a week at a different place and we (12) (visit) all the interesting sights. This summer we (13) (travel) to an island ard we (14) (stay) at campsite by the sea. At 8 o'clock on Saturday I (15)__ (meet) my friends at the club because we (16) (want) to make plans for the trip.oO Write questions for the answers below. Ask about the words in bold type. 1 Which dress is Anna wearing? 6 Anna is wearing the red dress. Your glasses are on your desk. 2 7 My mother drives me to school in the moming. Mary is angry because Val ruined her dress. 3 8 A python is about ten metres long. John’s birthday is on 20 August. 4 9 Kevin is going to the cinema with Pablo. Martha is buying a present for Emily. 5 10 That is my brother's bicycle. © Tere is a mistak do not understand Tila this word. 6 2. Who book is this? Is it Mary's? 7 3 We often are watching videos in the evenings. 8 4 What shirt matches these trousers, the blue one or the green one? 9 5 Carol washes her hair at the moment. 10 Complete the sentences below | verbs in the box. John and Kelly are meeting Angela tonight. each sentence. Find it and correct it. Are you knowing Mrs Philips? We always are speaking English in class. Next Friday our art teacher takes us to the Museum of Modern Art. How isn’t Anna at school today? Is she ill? Oh, yes. | am remembering it now! the correct form of the phrasal my shoes? Are they dirty? his mother. They both have blond hair and | 1 Why you pie 2 | There's a cat in the middle of the road, look for: 3 Gail and Bob jobs this summer. ook tike 4 Luke the baby when Kim is at work. look after 5 Billy blue eyes. © communication Work in pairs. Student A ‘Student B Go to page 148 Go to page 154 | Write 3-4 sentences about what you usually do on Saturday evenings. Then, write 3-4 sentences about the things you've planned to do next _ Saturday evening., pee | Future Will Future Going to Time Clauses When the exams are over, we'll have a great time! I'm going to go to the beach when my exams are over, and | I'M spend the whole day there. | Ml call John, Mary and Tania and ask them to come with me. They'll say yes, | hope. Perhaps we'll have a picnic, too. We'll have a great time! 45678910 1112 1314 15 1617 18 2324 15.26 27 28 2 AMS! _ Are the following sentences True or False? Wr Unfortunately, I'll only be able to go after | finish my exams. Tor F in the boxes. 1 Jim knows when he’s going on a day trip. rt 2. Jim is thinking about the trip when he decides to call his friends. 3 Jim knows that his friends are going to join him on the trp. OO Jim wants his friends to join him on the trip. 5 Jim can go on the trip before the exams are ayer.mi | Grammar! © rw © for spontaneous decisions that we make at like these two T-shirts. I'll buy them bot © for promises. won't say that again, 1 promise. © for warnings or threats. ‘Study hard or you won't pass the test. © for predictions, usually with perhaps or after believe, think, hope, expect, be sure, etc I think she'll be a great actress one day. We use Future Wilk: the moment of speaking, a ne ‘tomorrow, tonight next month/year/week/Tuesday, etc. this weekend/week/month, etc. in an hour/year, etc. ‘soon the verbs: FULL FORMS ‘SHORT FORMS. ee FULL FORMS. ‘SHORT FORMS Twill play He/She/It will play We/You/They will play TH play He/She/It'll play We/You/They'll play will not play He/She/It will not play We/You/They will not play won't play He/She/It won't play We/You/they won't play en Will | play? will he/she/it play? Will we /you/they play? © Foture Going to © for actions that we intend to do in the future. He's going to work in the summer. © for predictions based on evidence. Look at that aeroplane, it's going to take Yes, | will. Yes, he/she/it will. Yes, we/you/they will We use Future Going to: Ames No, | won't. No, he/she/it won't. No, we/you/they won't. Time exprossions tomorrow, tonight next month/year/week/Tuesday, ete, this weekend/week/month, ete, in an hour/year, etc. ‘soon off. FULL FORMS, ‘SHORT FORMS, 1am going to play He/She/it is going to play We/You/They are going to play \'m going to play He/She/It's going to play We/You/They're going to play a FUL ee oo a a | am not going to play He/She/It is not going to play We/You/They are not going to play I'm not going to play He/She/It isn't going to play We/You/They aren't going to play ‘Am | going to play? Is he/she/it going to play? Are we/you/they going to play? | Yes, we/you/they are. Yes, he/she/it is. Sms No, I'm not. No, he/she/it isn’t. No, we/you/thoy aren't.LEELEY itn ine veros go anc come we usually use the Present Progressive, not the Future Goi I'm going shopping this afternoon. Are you coming to the cinema with us tonight? © Time causes Time clauses express time in relation to the main clause. They are introduced by words such es when, after, before, until, while, as soon as, by the time, etc. When time clauses refer to the future, the verb of the time clause is usually in the Present Simple and the verb of the main clause is usually in Future Will. As soon as it gets dark, We'll go home. TLEEEHY wren the time ctause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated by a comma, When the main clause comes before the time clause, the two clauses are nct separated by a comma, Diane will go out after she finishes work. After she finishes work, Diane will go out. oO Read the sentences below. Write sentences using the Future Will and the prompts in the box. lvities a —— | win’ race tak school hi fave / accident | take / aspirin / and / go /bed buy /her / present —_be back / two hours | 1 I can't ride my bike to I have a headache and | feel school because it is rai ill. John is running very fast. | think 3 Don't worry, Dad. Ann's birthday is on Saturday. Be careful when you drive or aoe Complete the dialogues with the Future Going fo of the verbs in brackets. 1 It's very cloudy today. Yes, it __is going to rain (rain). What syou__ (do) with all that money? 1 (spend) it, of course. Can you see the plane? Yes, there it is, It (lang). Mum, look at Colin! Oh, no! He (climb) that tree! Kelly (study) Spanish or German this year? She (take) Spanish lessons. She (not study) German because she doesn’t like it Lock at the pictures and expand the notes into sentences. Use the words given and time clauses. 1 Henry / finish / letter / post / it as soon as As soon as Henry finishes the letter, he will post it. 2 Mr and Mrs Philips / go / cinema / have / dinner after when 4 Patrick / iron / shirt / put on as soon as | | before 5 Richard /wash / car / go / gym6 Ronnie / not go / bed / finish / jigsaw puzzle until before can you remember? Choose a, b or c. 1 Why are the lights off? What __i happening _ here? @is happening b. happens ¢. will happen 2 | won't wait until Rhonda her shopping. a. will finish b. is finishing ¢. finishes 3 what he is saying? a. Do you understand b. Are you understanding _¢. You understand 4 After! the magazine, I'l go to the playground. a. will read b. read ¢. am reading 5 Mrs Friars our class next year. a. are teaching b, teaches ¢. is going to teach 6 Mike can't come to the phone because he a shower at the moment. a. is taking b. is going to take ©. will take 7 Alison as a lifeguard this summer. a, works b. doesn't work «. is going to work 8 We'll pay all our bills before we on holiday. a. go b. will go . goes 91 Rick's telephone number. a. am not remembering __b, doesn’t remember ¢. don't remember 10 We often to Scotland. a. are travelling travel . will travel Th Henry us as soon as he atrives in London tomorrow. a. calls b. will call «©. is calling 12 I promise | my room on Saturday. a. clean b. am cleaning . will cleana 1 CPSs Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. 1 Mysisterdoesn't__——__with my flatmate Sophie, so she never visits me when Sophie is at home. 1 get on 2 Ihad to the café because it was full of smoke. _ Si ee ae 3 The prisoner jumped off the bridge into the river and managed to get in/into TT get on/along (with sb) | Ann__the train and walked towards the Town Hall. get away 5 John and Mary were disappointed when they couldn't sore the restaurant because it was full. 6 Asi was the bus, | realised I didn't have any money with me, so | couldn't pay the fare. 71 late this moming and | had to hurry. © communication Work in pairs. PO ta eae tee a Sn gy An ata ae clauses. You can use the ideas given below as well as your own. Report your partner’s answers to the class. Then, answer your pariner’s questions. What will you do tomorrow... €.8. A: What will you do tomorrow after schoo! finishes? B: (After school finishes), | will. after / school / finish / ? when / have / dinner / ? 2 After schoo! finishes tomorrow, ... will as soon as / do / homework / ? before / go / bed / ? oe wrinng : oe Write five sentences about what you will do when you go home after school tomorrow. Use time clauses with when, after, before, as soon as.Yul Wit Past Simple Past Progressive Whee Read the text below. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (about 1441-1506) rao tia ee Christopher Columbus was a famous Italian explorer. When he was a little boy, he used to listen to sailors’ stories about different places around the world. When Columbus himself became a sailor, he studied sailors maps. While he was studying these maps, he began to think that he could find a quicker route to India by sailing west. So, he asked the King and Queen of Spain to give him some money and ships. At first they didn't help him because Spain was in the middle of ‘a war, Later, however, they gave him three ships and Columbus started his journey across the Atlantic Ocean on 3 August 1492. On 42 October, he reached a small island in the Bahanas. He continued sailing west and he reached the island of Cuba before he retumed to Spain. He ‘thought he was in India, that's why he ealled these islands the West Indies. He travelled to America two more times, but he never actually reached India. Answer the following questions. 11 Where was Columbus from? 2 Why did he decide to sail west? 3 When did Columbus start his Journey across the Atlantic Ocean? 4 Did Columbus get to India in the end?Grammar © rest simple © for actions which happened at a specific time in the past. | met Julie at the park yesterday. © {for past habits and repeated actions in the past. We went to the cinema almost every Sunday when | when ese we were young. yesterday, the day before yesterday | | | © for actions which happened one after the other inthe | last nignt/week/month/year, etc. | | | past. two days/nours /years, et | Sue got up, took her bag and left the house. on Sunday / in March / in 1998, etc. FULL FORMS. SHORT FORWS I played/wrote I did not play/write I didn’t play/write He/She/it played/wrote | He/She/t did not play/write | He/She/It didn’t play/write We/You/They played/wrote | We/You/They did not play/write | We/You/They didn’t play/write | ee Eo Did | play/write? Yes, | did. No, I didn’t Did he/she/it play/write? —_| Yes, he/shesit did. | No, he/she/it didn't, Did we/you/they play/write? | Yes, we/you/they did. | No, we/you/they didn’t, Used to We use used to to describe actions which we did in the past habitually, but which we no longer do. Used to is followed by the base form of the verb. The interrogative and negative are formed with did/didn’'t, We used to spend the summers in a small village when | was young. Kelly didn’t use to exercise two years ago. oe Past Progressive We use the Past Progressi © for an action which was happening in the past when another one interrupted it. The lengthier action is 3 ose ad in the Past Progressive and the shorter action, which | while/when interrupted it, is in the Past Simple. The sentence _| all day/night/week, etc. usually contains the linking words as, while or when. | yesterday/the day before Clark was sleeping when Jim calied him. last night/week/Moncay, © for two or more actions which were happening at the | two days/hours go, etc same time in the past. While we were preparing dinner, they were watching TV. © to describe the setting in a narrative. It was raining and we were driving on the wet road. Suddenly, the car behing us... | © for actions which were happening at a specific point of time in the past. J was doing my homework at six o'clock yesterday. |ime FULL FORMS, SHORT FORMS | was playing He/She/It was playing We/You/They were playing Twas not playing He/She/It was not playing We/You/They were not playing T wasn't playing He/She/It wasn't playing We/You/They weren't playing eens Was | playing? Was he/she/it playing? tn Yes, | was, Yes, he/she/it was. No, | wasn't. No, he/she/it wasn't. Were we/you/they playing? Yes, we/you/they were. No, we/you/they weren't, [IEEZES « 1 describe past habits or repeated actions in the past, we use the Past Simple or used to, not the Past Progressive. We visited the museum on Sundays when ! was young. © Stative verbs are not normally used in the Past Progressive, Linking words showing time To link main clauses and time clauses we use the words when, while, as, as soon as. They were listening to music while they were studying. As soon as she got home, she had a bath. [IEEE] + wnen tn une clause comes nefore the mn clause, they ae separated bya comma. ‘We don't use a comma when the main clause comes before the time clause. @ We usually use while with the Past Progressive and when with the Past Simple. ! was talking on the phone when the bell rang. While we were watching the film, the lights went out. Se @ ac ivities Read the text and complete the blanks with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in the box. decide drive start disappear When | (4) _woke up As | (3) me and we (5) However, as soon as we (6) wake to shine om | have come — phone this morning, the sun (2) breakfast, my friend Julie (4) to go for a picnic in the park. at the park, the sun m behind some dark clouds and it (8) to rain. So Julie's mother (9) and (10) us home.oO Read the dialogue and complete the blanks with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in brackets. Policeman: What time (4) did you __return (retum) home yesterday? Mrs Olson: | think | (2) — (get) home at about half past five. Policeman: OK, and what (3)_ you (do) at six o'clock? 4 Mrs Olson: Hmm, six o'clock, let me see... 2 1(4)_____ (iron) in the kitchen. Policeman: So you (5) (be) busy in the kitchen. How (6) you ____ (see) the accident then? Mrs Olson: Well, while | (7) (iron), 1 (8) (look) out of the window. This is what (9) (happen). A boy (20) (ride) his bicycle along Keynes St. When he (44) (reach) the comer of Keynes and Welton St., a car (42) (turn) into Keynes St The driver (43) (not see) the boy and (24) (nity him. The boy (45) (fall) off the bike but the driver (16)__ (not stop). He just (17)__~_(¢rive) away! That's why | (48) (call) the police and (19) (report) the accident. Policeman: (20) you (get) the car’s registration number? Mrs Olsen: Yes, | (24) (write) it down in my notebook. eo Expand the notes into sentences. Use the Past Simple and the Past Progressive. 1 when /1/ open / door / nobody / be / there When I opened the door, nobody was there. 2 everyone / dance / when / Janet / artive / party 3 while / 1 / try / fix / car /| / get / terrible headache 4 students / run out / of the classroom / as soon as / bell / ring 5 we / see / John and Emily / as / we / leave / theatre 6 all / our classmates / listen / carefully / while / George and | / present / our project 7 Susan / sunbathe / while / Diane / swim / pool & when / she / lock / door / she / tum off / lights / and / go / bed© L00k at the chart and write sentences about Kim and Kevin. Use used! to and didn’t use to. 1 Kim used to smoke, but she doesn't smoke now. 2 Kevin didn't use to smoke, but he does now. mH , i P 3 smoke v x x v 4 cook x v rire sing x LF x i cease oeaneeys * 7 8 can you remem ‘Complete the text with the Present Simple, the Present Progressive, the Past Simple, the Past Progressive, and the Future Will of the verbs in brackets. ear Mura andi Bad, L Hello from France! At the moment (1) ame sitting (cit) wa Lovely café in Paris. | @) (vt) avis, i 5 a beautiful efty! Mary and ) (have) a wonderful tine here and ces | | | wel#) (nat wat) to Lev! | Yesterday we (5) (visit) the Louvre ng ana in te afeernoon we (2) Tools (ook) ata (Gee am ats, (taik.) toa | (go) shopping. As! A |, shop window | (3) ___—_ “iets Binoshel She (9) ———— chop assistant ; tunately we (20) eye Fane Tomonmve | (cake) the train to teal (stay) bm Ronee for (oa) yon some Magne nt TH ENE, Eagan we @2) —__—_——_ shree days. | (3)___—_——% souvenirs from there: | That's oll for now, Love, Karen |Fie | Cra Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. You may change some of the words. Ge agree: 1 Ifyou aren't careful when you___——your__— do my homework ee eo do the shopping 2 Martincan't____——— shat to study at university. do somebody a favour 3 you lock the door before you leave. make a mistake 4 Could you me ? Please return these make friends books to the library for me because I'm really busy. make upimy, mind 6 OK, children, be quiet now and___ this. make sure 7 Mrs Marlow her __ every Saturday at Sainsbury's. © communication We ae Pee eee ee st eee ty Nee oe ee acne eae tees Ce ese eet eer What time / get / home from school yesterday / 2 What / your mother / do / at that time / ? What / you do / at 9 p.m. last night / 2 Who / be / the first person / you / see / this moming / ? What / you / eat / for breakfast / this morning / 2 What / your parents / do / while / you / eat / breakfast / 2 e.g. What time did you get home from school yesterday? B: / got home... ‘A: What was your mother doing at that time? 2 She was... wnkug ; Write four sentences about what you did last Saturday. Mention where you were ond what you were doing at 10 a.m., at 3 p.m. and at 9 p.m. alWord order Verbs with two objects Prepositions of Time Prepositions of Place 1 wet do you usually do at the weekend? A. | usually go to the cinema or to a party with my friends. B, | always stay at home and play computer games. Do you tell your friends your secrets? A. | never tell my secrets to my friends. B. | have no secrets from my friends. aya aa ty) SB what do you usually do on your best friend's birthday? A. | usually buy a present for my friend or send him/ner a card. a B. | don't do anything. @ wnat do you usually do when you have lots of homework? A. | go straight to my room after school, but | don't start doing my homework until it's late. B. | sit quietly at my desk and start working. DESI aeC ella nord Sar eM een eNO eM Marten ea essen Et Promaster nutestneumtcne se ina OTe aco Cit Ress CROC co Ane nga Aone ee issnCorte © Word order In English, the normal word order in affirmative and negative sentences is: Bie a ee Catherine plays the piano Philip doesn't play the guitar Adverbs and expressions that indicate manner, place and time follow in this order: : Manner (How?) - Place (Where?) - Time (When?) Ss et a [mere | pid le pao | eauy [arte cece einer. je After verbs that indicate movement (go, run, walk, etc.), the order of adverbs /adverbial ‘expressions is: Place ~ Manner ~ Time © Expressions that indicate time may be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Last night | saw a good film. 1 saw a good film last night. © Adverbs of frequency (always, often, usually, sometimes, never, etc.) come before the main verb, but after the auxiliary verb and the verb be. They usually travel abroad every year. ‘She didn't always eam a lot of money. © Verbs with two objects Certain verbs (give, offer, lend, teach, sell, send, show, tell, make, buy, otc.) take two objects. The direct object usually indicates a thing and the Indirect object usually indicates a person. © The normal word order in sentences with verbs that take two objects is: Subject | Verb | Indirect object | Direct object wan | ne © We can use to and for before the indirect object. In this case, the word order is: Se ces iticesces Mary gave a present to her daughter. Mary | bought | a present for her daughter. EXEEES] when both the direct object and the indirect object are pronouns, we must use to or for before the indirect object. Mary gave It to her. Mary bought it for her. © Prepositions of Time at ‘to show the exact time: at five o'clock with the expressions: at noon, at night, at midnight, at midday, at the weekend, at weekends, at Christmas, at Easteron before days: on Monday before dates: on 11 November with the expression: ‘on New Year's Day, on Christmas Day, on holiday, ‘on my birthday, on Monday morning in before months and season: in July, in autumn before years and centuries: in 4999, in the 20th century before periods of the day: in the moming [ERY on Monday morning during We met during our holiday. before - She left before noon. after They arrived after 5:00. ©) Prepositions of Place on There is a book on the desk. in The man is in his car. at She's standing at the door. over There's a beautiful poster over Susan's bed. under Her shoes are under the chair. infront of John sits in front of me in class. behind Jenny is hiding behind a tree. near There's @ lake near the village. ‘opposite The school is opposite the park. next to Fay sat next to me at the theatre, beside The restaurant Is beside the hotel. between The bookshop is between the bank and the department store. among There's a small house among the trees in the forest. The prepositions on, in and at are used in various other expressions: ‘on before names of streets: on Hill Street (Am.E.) [DREN in Hill Street (Br.E.) with the expressions: on the left, on the right in before names of continents, countries, cities, villages: in Asia, in Spain, in Paris at with the expressions: at the door, at work, at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the table, at my desk, at the back, etc. for small places: at the cinema, at the airport, at the station, ete. before addresses: at 34 Rose Steet We use the preposition by before means of transport: by car, by plane, by train, by ship, by taxi EEN on foot Jusually go to work by train. @ If there is an article (a/an, the) before the means of transport, we use on or in: in the car, in a taxi, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, etc. There are a lot of passengers on the train. | saw Julie in a taxi. © © Gites © Pur the words in the correct order and write sentences. 1 toSpain often go. they _in summer They often go to Spain in summer.2 hard inthe garden my grandfather all afternoon worked 3 don't =| coffee atnight usually drink 4 had atthe party alotoffun we _ last night 5 quickly after his French lesson home — walked John 6 inthe snow the children during their holidays happily played 7 spoke yesterday angrily Fay _to her sister 8 sometimes in winter freeze rivers eo Look at the information in the table and answer the questions. Pyiere sees Urea ora Mary buy present Tina John tell secret his brother’ Mrs Brown, offer tea and coffee her guests ‘The artist show paintings Harry Sheila send birthday card me. David make hot chocolate his friends 1 What did Mary do yesterday? She bought Tina a present. / She bought a present for Tina. 2 What is John doing now? 3 What was Mrs Brown doing when the doorbell rang? 4 What is the artist going to do? 5 What has Sheila done? 6 What is David doing?oe Look at the picture and circle the correct preposition. This is a map of the centre of Weldon. The museum of Modern Art is (4) on /(at)34 Oakley Street, (2) beside / opposite the Town Hall. There's a bus stop (3) behind /in front of the museum, so you can easily go there (4) by / on bus. There's a lovely park (5) at / In Weldon. It’s called Gryle Park and it's (6) near / over the Town Hall. There's a small lake (7) among / in Gryle Park. There are two banks (8) in / on the centre of Weldon, and they're both (9) on / at Finley Street. The National Bank is (40) behind / next to the bookshop and the Central Bank is (14) among / between the Post Office and the fish and chip shop. There is also a big department store (42) on / at Finley Street, (13) near / beside the bus station. Finally, the cinema is (14) opposite / under the railway station. © choose a, b or c. 1 Sharon got lots of presents _on _ her birthday. Pa bat ©on 2 David and Monica usually go to schoo! foot. aon b. by ©. with 3 Walk along this road and you'll see the railway station your right. a. at ba in eon 4 How many countries are there South America? aat b.on cin 5 Were you the plane that Just arrived from Dublin? aon bein ©. among, 6 When are you and Tina planning to go y? ain b.on . during 7 Jenny sat her desk and started writing a letter. aon beat in 8 This castle was built ‘the 12th century. aat b.on ein 9 What time do you usually get up the morning? ain b.on c. at 0 Who's that guy sitting to Judy? a. beside b, between fe. nextoe Complete the text using the correct prepositions. ‘Are you looking for something exciting to do (4)__@!__ the weekend? Don't miss the Horror Film Festival (2) ‘the Odeon cinema (3) 21 and 22 March. Classic horror films are going to be shown and special events are going to take place (4) the festival. Among the films you can watch (5) Saturday are: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (6) 4:00 p.m., Dracula (7) 8:30 p.m. and interview with the Vampire (8) midnight. ) the second film, (10) 7:00 p.m., the film critic Eric Roberts is going to give a talk on classic horror films. (41)___ Sunday don't miss Nightmare on Elm Street (a2) the afternoon (3:30 p.m.) and Friday the 13th (43) __ the evening (6:00 p.m.). (44) ____ these two films there will be a discussion on why people enjoy watching horror films (8:30 p.m.). The festival will end with the classic Psycho (15) 10:30 p.m. can you remember? Expand the notes into sentences. Put the verbs into the Past Simple or the Past Progressive. 1 I /not see / John / schoo! / Wednesday I didn't see John at school on Wednesday. 2 George / buy / Julie / CD / Christmas 3 your brother / bring / you / that T-shirt / Mexico / ? @ Helen / not do / homework / 3 o'clock / Saturday afternoon 5 Fred / sleep / while / Martha / write / letter / Janice © Michael and Tim / go / swimming / every day / summer / when / they / be / younger 7 teacher / introduce / Angie / her new classmates / first day / her new school 8 Debby / show / Paul / her photographs / when / you / see / them / ?nal phrases in the box. 1 | They're playing your favourite song on 7 oe 2 Is there a good film tonight? 3 home I ran into an old schoo! friend. on the radio e fi 4__I'm sorry Chris, but | can't talk to you now. I'm in a hurry 5 Does anybody know what happened % in the beginning a In the end 6 | had a job interview this morning. Iwas a little nervous, but | think everything went well. © communication Work in pairs. Take turns fo spot the differences between the two pictures. eee secures Picture A Picture B €.8. In picture A the library is next to the bank, but in picture B the library is opposite the bank. 0 wnhng Write two short paragraphs. In the first paragraph, choose three buildings in your neighbourhood and write where each one of them is situated. Use prepositions of place. In the second paragraph, write four sentences about yourself. Write when you usually do two things you enjoy and when you did two things you'll never forget. Use prepositions of time.hs ion PeviSey Units 1-4 Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets. 1 Michael __doesn’t usually go__ (usually / not go) to the gym in the moming. He (prefer) to go in the afternoon. 2. | can't talk to you right now because | (drive) to work. 3 you and your friends (go) to the music festival this weekend? 4 ____ Christopher (know) Emily's husband? 5 That laptop (belong) to Amanda, but Helen (use) it at the moment. 61 (see) my dentist tomorrow because I've got a terrible toothache. 7 Ilse (come) from Sweden but she (live) in the USA. 8 What time the film (start]? © Expand the notes into sentences. Use the Past Simple and the Past Progressive. 1 We / get ready / go out / when / we / hear / strange noise We were getting ready to go out when we heard a strange noise. 2 As/ Julie / drive / to work / she / listen / radio 3 Helen / phone / while / you / take / a shower 4 John / watch / news / on TV / while / he / eat / dinner 5 Peter / sit / desk / and / start / do / homework 6 Students / stop talking / as soon as / teacher / enter / classroom © sein the sentences using the words given. Make all the necessary changes. 1 Christine will connect to the Internet first. Then, she will check her e-mails. when Christine will check her e-mails when she connects to the Internet. 2 Theresa and Liz will finish their shopping. Then, they will have coffee. after 3 Peter will save enough money. Then, he'll buy a new car. until 4 Philip will wash the car. Then, he'll go to the gym. before 5 I'll finish reading the book. Then, !'ll return it to the library. as soon as—EeeE7 a ©) Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple, Present Progressive, Past Simple, Past Progressive or Future Will. My cousin Sandra is a student at the University of Durham. Ste (a) _is studying (study) French and (2) (want) to become a French teacher because she (3) (like) the French language and she (4) (love) children. Sandra (5) (have got) a parttime job as a model. When she 6 (work) at a café last year, she (7) (meet) a photographer. The photographer (8) (think) that she (9) (be) very attractive and he (10) (take) ‘some photographs of her. A few days later, a modelling agency (44) (offer) her a job and now she (12) (work) for them, Sandra (13) (enjoy) modelling, but she (44) __(not want) to 0 a model for ever. When she (45) (finish) her studies next year, she (46) (spend) the summer in France. She (47) (travel) all over the country. When she (48) (return) to England in autumn, she (19) (look) for a job as a teacher. © complete the sentences with prepositions of time and place. We usually visit our grandparents _@t_ Christmas. There were two World Wars the 20th century. My father usually goes to work foot, but he sometimes goes _ bus. Terry always sits the back of the classroom. Julie lived Germany last year, but now she lives in London. There is a beautiful painting ‘the wall the living room. ‘Are you doing anything special New Year's Day? We'll have a break for half an hour noon. Guess who was sitting next to me the plane! The traffic was horrible yesterday. | spent two hours sitting Soornouaona the car getting nowhere. 0 Put the words in the correct order and write sentences or questions. 1 the newspaper Philip at breakfast read does always? Does Philip always read the newspaper at breakfast? 2 outofthe room the boys at midnight quietly walked 3 carefully the students during the exam the questions read @ tonight tothe theatre aren't going Helen and Rita by bus. 5 did inthetest the students yesterday —_very well©) write questions for the answers below. Ask about the words in bold type. 1 Who is Linda meeting tomorrow? 6 Linda is meeting Bill tomorrow. Diane wrote a letter to Henry yesterday. 2 ¥ John gave Mary a book for her birthday. Wendy is going shopping because she 3 wants to buy new shoes. bought this jacket last week 8 < 4 Natasha lives at 58 Ripley Street. The train arrives at 9 5 Sheila got to the train station by taxi. We Saw The Matrix at the cinema last 10 night. This is Mark's watch. 0 Look at the pictures and the prompts and write sentences as in the example. Use used to for the past and going to for the future. This area used to be a forest, but they are goii to build a shopping centre here in six months. this area / be /forest they / build / shopping centre / six months bank / be / open / from next week / bank / be / 8:00 a.m. - (00 p.m. open / 8:30 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. there / be / block / flats / this area ‘two months Karen / be / next year / Karen / become / shop assistant ‘computer programmer LJ aoa this shop / sell / from next month / shop / clothes sell / toysaa UY Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive Gi a3 Match the two athletes with the facts a-e about their careers. @ He has been playing football professionally since 1992, b He won his first world championship in 1994, Michael Schumacher € He Joined the Ferrari team in 1996, di He made his first international appearance for England in 1996. 3 Z He has been driving in Formula One races since 1991. David Beckham Circle the correct form of the verbs in the following sentences about two famous athletes. © He made / has made some amazing appearances in the pool. ¢ In 1998 he has become / became the youngest male world champion in the history of swimming. lan Thorpe © She won / has won three gold and two bronze medals in the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia. © She has broken / broke several world records so far. Marion Jones “vila © Present Pertect Simple We use the Present Perfect Simple: ‘© for actions which happened in the past, but the time is not mentioned. The results of these actions are obvious in the present. I have spent all my money, so | can’t buy anything now. © for actions which started in the past and continue ToS | up to the present. The Smiths have lived in this house for ten _| for, since, ever, never, before, alway | | years. recently, so far, once, twice, just | | @ for actions which were completed recently. yet, how long, | Claire has just run three kilometres. FULL FORMS, SHORT FORMS. FULL FORMS, have worked I've worked Thave not worked Thaven't worked lHe/She/It has worked | He/She/It’s worked | He/She/It has not worked | He/She It hasn't worked lWe/You/They have worked | We/You/They've worked | We/You/They have not worked | We/You/They haven't worked fn Ems Have | worked? Yes, | have. No, | haven't. Has he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn't. Have we/you/they worked? ‘Yes, we/you/they have. | No, we/you/they haven't. [IEEE «¢ For indicates the period of time for which an action lasts. Since indicates the moment in time when an action started. J have worked in this company for three years. | have worked in this company since 1999. @ Have/has gone means that somebody has gone somewhere and is still there. Have/has been means that somebody went somewhere but has returned. Dennis has gone to India. (He's still there.) Michael has been to India. (He has returned.) Present Perfoct Simple vs Past Simple ‘© We use the Present Perfect Simple for actions which happened in the past, but we don’t mention when. I have bought a new CD player. ‘© We use the Past Simple for actions which happened at @ specific time in the past. I bought a new CD player last month. ca We use Present Perfect Simple + since + Past Simple to indicate when an action which started in the past and continues up to the present started. Diane has painted 200 pictures since she took up painting. a