one clamp, let the rod ex the absence of one of the clamps, let the wire contract by punt | ooled by °C. Hence it can be considered that nen ing the wire by an amount 'e' [(Figure 1.9 (b)}. a ee : q and '/’its initial length, FA e/l Tae i ald YAalé 1 YAad expression can be derived forthe thrust exerted on the rod in which the expansion ye ae ith 500 mm and diameter 8.0 mm is heated 1 is then rigidly clamped at its two ends and llowed tract, a tension is built up in it, Caleulate tension and the energy stored init, after it cools to its original temperature, 4 = 1.8» 10" Nim? and i 3.1 uniform iron rod of an initial len mly until it expands by 0.4 mm. | to cool. Since the rod cannot con! modulus of the material of the roduit 10 Mechanical Properties of Mtatey ee PS ‘According to Figure 1.10, pe a ‘one surface of the beam. FS compressed while its other surface gets stretched. Young's modulus of the beam contributes to this change when a beam is subjected to a bending Elasticity becomes extremely useful in building c¢ walls of the lower storey should be strongly built in order to bear the weights of the upper storeys and the roof. Although the compressive stress in uction work. The pillars and the bricks is very high, the tensile stress is low. If bricks are inserted in the normal way to a pl arch, there is a possibility of the arch gettis lintel (a concrete beam)is placed above the door fr ¢ above a ontop of it. A compressive stress is forme Figure 1.11 re placed above the arch compressive forces Also, as shown in Figure 1.11, when bricks 2 Acton the bricks and hence no breaking takes place n the past in the construction of te ddges and This type of methodology had been used @ulverts. What is shown in Figure 1.12 is the Built in this manner. This is built entirely of bricks, concrete 3 Used, \1 bridge at Mawanella which has beenG. CE, (Advanced Level) Phystey Unit 10- Mechanical Properties of Matter Figure 1.12 A knowledge of Young's modulus and its usage is essential in the preparation of house 1s placed in a roof while tensile forces act on he elasticity of the type of wood (e.g. Jak, ided. roofs. Compression forces act on certain be the other beams. Accordingly, dependi Teak) used, its length and the are Exercises (1) (@) A mass pended from one end of a vertical wire of length 1S m and mm. If Young's modulus of the metal of the wire is, 1.0 Pa, find the extension of the wire (b) Asteel wire and a phosphor-bronz w min length and 0.20 m in diameter respectively are connected to each other end to end to form a composite wire of length 3.0 m. What tension in the wire will cause a total extension of 0.064 m ? Young's modulus of (1) steel = 2.0*10" Pa (11) Phosphor-bronze = 1.2 x 10" Pa (2) (1) Explain the experimental determination of stress, strain and Young's modulus. From a vertical steel wire of length 350 em and diameter 0.100 cm is hung a load of 20 kg. Find (a) _ the extension in the wire (b) _ the energy stored in the wire ‘Young's modulus of steel 2.00 x 10" Pa and g=10ms* 4