Group 2 Sayak Airport Paper

In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Course

Bachelor of Science in Air Transportation
ATRN 313L
Airport Planning and Design Laboratory
“SAYAK AIRPORT”
Submitted by:
Leader: REYES, Kimberly V.
Members: ARANTE, Abraham Jerome N.
AURO, Louis Emmanuel R.
CONTADO, Jude Allan Q.
MAPILI, Lyanne Martha C.
OGUES, Mark Jayson A.
QUELIZA, Christian Sergey G.
TABUÑAR, Paz Enrica D.
Submitted to:
Mr. Aaron Mari A. Sta. Rita
A.Y. 2021-2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Life of a college student would not be complete without their first making of research
paper and defense with their professors. That’s why we have devoted our time to studying and
researching for the development of our chosen site. The researchers or also called developers
would like to help develop and improve the airport and attain global recognition leading to an
increase in the region’s economy and country.
This time, the developers would like to use this opportunity to show appreciation and
gratitude to everyone who supported them throughout the course of the Bachelor of Science in
Air Transportation requirement. The developers are thankful to everyone who has been part of
this research journey and we thank them for their valuable criticism and friendly advice during
the project work.
First and foremost, to our Almighty God for giving us spiritual love and undying
guidance be it in this research or in life. Our heartfelt appreciation to our parents who supported
us throughout the making of our paper and for giving birth to us. Their love and comfort helped
us get through the paper. Our gratitude also goes to our professor, Mr. Aaron Mari A. Sta Rita,
for guiding us in our paper and for giving us the time to have a consultation with him. He helped
us throughout the writing of this feasibility study and shows us continued patience and
dedication for our group.
Besides our adviser, we would like to thank our Architect, Arch. Are Jay Pacheco
Cabasan, for putting our vision to life. Also, to our very own Civil Engineer, Engr. Camilo
Manjares, for helping us with our construction cost, stimulating suggestions, and verifying the
developmental cost of our site development proposal. To CAAP, for helping us with the airport’s
information. We thank them also for ensuring safe, economical, and efficient air travel.
Last but not least, we give our deepest gratitude to our institute, PATTS College of
Aeronautics, for allowing us to conduct this research and giving us an opportunity to create a
development for our beloved airport.
DEDICATION
The developers dedicated this feasibility study to the following people:
To every Siargaonon, that they may have ease and find this feasibility study
helpful to the community.
The members and officials in the Air Transportation Industry of the Philippines,
that they may find this feasibility study useful and recognize the study as a potential
future development in aviation.
To our institute, PATTS College of Aeronautics, may they find this as an

outstanding output from the BS Air Transportation course.
For our fellow innovative aviators, may they find this feasibility study as a
symbol of hope and never lose heart in the field of aviation.
To our loving family, as they have shown us inspiration and strength in striving
and giving out our best in everything that we do.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Site Selection 6
CHAPTER 2: Location 18
CHAPTER 3: Developmental Cost 30
CHAPTER 4: Airport Information and Operation 38
CHAPTER 5: Airport Design 58
CHAPTER 6: Emergency Plan 102
CHAPTER 7: Airport Design Master Plan 108
CHAPTER 8: Effects of the Airport 118
CHAPTER 9: Conclusion 122
REFERENCES 123
Barangay Sayak 8418, Siargao
SAYAK AIRPORT Circumferential Rd, Del Carmen,
8400 Surigao del Norte
CHAPTER 1 Site Selection
1.0. Site Selection
1.10 Identification
Criteria are developed that will be used to evaluate different sites and
determine if a site can function as an airport and meet the needs of the
community and users. One criterion will be to identify the land area and basic
facility requirements for the new airport. Part of this analysis will be a
definition of airport roles if more than two airports serve the region. Other
criteria might be that sites are within a certain radius or distance from the
existing airport or community, or that sites should be relatively flat. Several
potential sites that meet the criteria are identified.
The locations that we have chosen for identification and screening are
The Sayak Airport, Mindoro Airport, and The Tacloban Airport.
Site 1- Barangay Sayak 8418, Siargao Circumferential Rd, Del Carmen, 8400
Surigao del Norte (Sayak Airport-RPNS)
Figure 1.1- Top view of the Sayak Airport in Siargao
PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

Site 2: H944+FX5, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur (MINDORO AIRPORT-RPUQ)
Figure 1.2- Top view of the Mindoro Airport in Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
Site 3: Airport Road, Tacloban City, 6500 Leyte (TACLOBAN

AIRPORT-RPVA)
Figure 1.3- Top view of the Tacloban Airport in Tacloban city

1.20 Screening
After the sites have been identified, each one can be subjected to a
screening process. All the potential sites that meet the initial criteria should be
evaluated and screened out if it isn’t suitable. Operational Capability, Capacity
Potential, Ground Access, Developmental Cost, Environmental Consequences,
and Compatibility with wide-area planning are being evaluated. If the site
doesn’t qualify from that evaluation it is good to have comprehensive
documentation of the reasons. The remaining potential sites should
subsequently be thoroughly compared using comprehensive evaluation
criteria.
Table form
Screening Criteria Site No. Site No. Site No.

1 2 3
Operational Capability ⊗ ⊗
- Airspace
- Obstruction
- Weather
Capacity Potential ⊗
- Available land
- Suitability for construction

Ground Access
- Distance from
demand for
aviation
- Available public
transportation modes
- Regional highway
infrastructure
Developmental Cost ⊗
- Terrain
- Land Costs, Land value
- Soil condition
- Availability of utilities
Environmental ⊗ ⊗
Consequences
- Aircraft noise, air

quality
- Groundwater runoff
- Existence of
endangered species,
cultural artifacts, historical

features
- Relocation of
families and businesses

- Changes in
socioeconomic
characteristics
Compatibility with ⛒
wide-area planning
- Impact on land use
- Transportation plans
at the local and regional
levels
1.30 Selection
The selection procedure is the last step, in which the researchers

consider the benefits and drawbacks of various airport locations and conduct a
thorough analysis. The goal of the process is to provide researchers a piece of
clear and unbiased information on the various sites. The researchers will come
up with a preferred airport after looking at the various variables that will affect
the proposed airports.
Selected Area
Site 1- Barangay Sayak 8418, Siargao Circumferential Rd, Del Carmen, 8400
Surigao del Norte (Sayak Airport-RPNS)

Figure 1.4- Top view of the Sayak Airport in Siargao City
1.30.10 Operational Capability
The airspace that we will be using is Class B Airspace.

IFR and VFR flights are permitted, all flights are provided with
air traffic control service and are separated from each other.
Class B airspace is generally airspace from the surface to
10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in
terms of airport operations or passenger enplanements. ATC
clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and
all aircraft that are thoroughly cleared receive separation
services within the airspace.
The proposed airport is surrounded by hills which make

an aircraft’s approach and landings quite turbulent. The
presence of these numerous tall trees appeared to be an
obstruction in the airspace for runway approaches. (Figure 1.5)
The island Siargao has a tropical rainforest climate

prevailing. It is usually (very) warm, humid and rainy all year
round. The average annual temperature for Siargao is 29°

degrees and there is about 1,237 mm of rain in a year. It is dry

for 86 days a year with an average humidity of 78% and a
UV-index of 7.
Figure 1.5 - Highest visible Terrain near Sayak Airport
1.30.20 Capacity Potential
The location of the airport currently occupies 157,238

m² of land. The land for the airport's construction is highly
recommended; it is ideal for the airport's development. The
topography within 2 miles of Sayak Airport is essentially flat,
with a maximum elevation change of 10 feet.
Siargao is a tear-drop-shaped island in the Philippine

Sea situated 196 kilometers southeast of Tacloban. It has a land
area of approximately 437 square kilometers (169 sq mi). The
site is relatively free from smoke and fog that’s why the
visibility potential of the site will be good. The highest
elevation on the island is 283 meters above sea level (MASL).
(Figure 1.6)
Clay and sandy loam dominate the province's soils. The

majority of soils on the mainland are loam soils, which are
permeable, moderately drained, and suitable for agricultural

growth. The soil type in Siargao island is : 80% Bolinao clay,

60% Cabatohan clay and 10% Jamoyaon clay loam.
Figure 1.6- Elevation of Siargao City
The tide is currently falling in Port Pilar (Siargao

Island). As you can see on the tide chart, the highest tide of
1.4m was at 4:51pm and the lowest tide of -0.4m will be at
11:29pm.
Figure 1.7- Tide times for Port Pilar (Siargao Island)
The drainage system used in the airport has the water

runoff flowing to the channel connected to the Philippine sea
located on the lower part of the runway.

1.30.30 Ground Access
Sayak Airport is 30.0 km away from General Luna,

where most tourist attractions are located. The different tourist
attractions are only a few minutes drive from the airport. The
airport is located within Brgy. Sayak and Brgy. Esperanza,
Municipality of Del Carmen, West of Siargao Island, Surigao
del Norte, Caraga Region, Philippines. Outside, several
establishments can be found such as an eatery (Ideal Eatery) 5
m away and even a bed and breakfast (Bakhaw Bed and
Breakfast) 200 m from the airport. People can access the
airport in different modes of public transportation namely: van,
taxi, tricycle, or motorbike. The airport connects to the main
road which is the Siargao Circumferential Road.
1.30.40 Developmental Cost
The estimated value for agricultural land per square

meter is ₱3,000.00. Taking into account that the current airport
has a land size of approximately 157,238 m², and with the total
land area of the proposed airport, approximately 113.5 hectares
in computations, the variables given will result in the standard
total value of the land costing ₱396,875,194.50. There’s no
budget dedicated for the terrain since it won't be affected.
The available utilities are Siargao Electric Cooperative

(SIARELCO) which uses electricity. Moreover, the average
electricity of Sayak Airport is PHP 107,676.72 FY 2021. Water
for the airport comes from the deep well thus having no costing
for this type of utility.

1.30.50 Environmental Consequences
Noise pollution is known to be one of the most

damaging effects in the aviation field; however, upon the said
development of the new Sayak Airport, noise pollution will be
minimal. Noise emitted by the engines of the aircraft may
potentially affect nearby businesses and residences because of
the airport operations.
On the relocation of families, there is a need to relocate

the families in Brgy. Del Carmen, located 25.14 meters away
from the runway with an area within 5,215 square meters of the
said location. Though when talking about businesses, there are
relocations needed especially the ones directly beside the
airport as the expansion might get them moving inside the new
infrastructure rather than outside of it.
Located deep in the Siargao forests and rivers, there are

numerous threatened species inhabiting the area. For birds,
which can be a factor to aircraft, the lesser eagle-owl also
known as the Mindanao Eagle-Owl, Silvery Kingfisher, and the
Wattled Broadbill can be found. Though other endangered
animals such as the Saltwater Crocodile, Marine Turtles
(Hawksbill Turtle, etc.), Philippine Tarsier, Flying Lemur, and
Dugong Dugong.
On endangered plants, we have floras such as fire

orchids, century orchids Dendrobium, and Pitcher plants.
There is no historical feature and cultural artifacts as the

airport is located along the Siargao Circumferential Road.
Furthermore, looking at the history of Siargao, there is no
significant culture and historical feature that can be affected.

Water runoff from the airport's drainage system flows to

the Dapa Channel, which is connected to the Philippine sea and
is located on the lower section of the runway.
Figure 1.8 - Body of water near the runway of the Sayak

Airport
In Siargao, changes to socioeconomic characteristics are

bound to happen as expansion in the area means more job
opportunities, whether it be technical, management, or physical
labor as such. This is a way to improve their social standing
and to provide for themselves or their families.
1.30.60 Compatibility with Wide-Area planning
Since the proposed airport will have an effect on a part

of the residential area, there would be minor relocation needed
for those involved in the environmental consequence. Public
and private transportation will also be accessible and readily
available outside the Airport with choices being of van,
motorbike, or taxi, catering the tourists to General Luna or any
part of Siargao (depending on the request of the tourist).


CHAPTER 2 Location
2.0 Location
2.10 Brief History of the Location
Sayak Airport is located on the Island of Siargao. It is a

tear-drop-shaped island in the Philippine Sea situated 800 kilometers southeast
of Manila in the province of Surigao del Norte. The airport is classified as a
Class 2 Principal (minor domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of
the Philippines (CAAP).
Figure 2.1 - Top view of the Sayak Airport
The said airport is government-owned and serves the general area of

Siargao Island. Its airport’s runway has a total land area of 1,347 m x 30 m
which can cater to propeller aircraft with a capacity of at least 19 seats.

CHAPTER 2 Location
2.10.10 Tourist Spots
Sayak Airport (RPNS) also known as Siargao Airport,

is an airport serving the general area of Siargao Island, located
in the province of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. The
airport is located in Barangay Sayak in the municipality of Del
Carmen, where the airport derives its name from. The Sayak
Airport was built in 1963 by President Diosdado Macapagal.
The original airport could accommodate 19-seater planes from
Cebu. The airport was renovated and upgraded with the current
1,347 m (4,419 ft) runway which accommodates larger aircraft
carrying more than 70 passengers.
The airport is classified as a Class 2 principal (minor

domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines (CAAP), a body of the Department of
Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the
operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports
in the Philippines except the major international airports.

CHAPTER 2 Location
Cloud 9
Cloud 9 is the name of the most famous wave in the

Philippines. It is located in General Luna, the southeast corner
of Siargao Island in the Philippines. From Sayak Airport to
Cloud 9, it's approximately a one-and-a-half-hour drive. Rated
as the best surf break in the Philippines, Cloud 9 is also one of
the most popular spots to hang out on the Island.
Sugba Lagoon
One of the top-rated destinations in Siargao, Sugba

Lagoon is a small island off of Siargao. It is in its outrageous
blue-green waters separated by islets and domed mountains.
The beauty of this place hits off more than the others. It is
unique on its own.

CHAPTER 2 Location
Daku Island
A part of the itinerary of a travel master is the place

called Daku Island. Daku is a Bisaya term for big. This island is
the biggest among the three---Guyam and Naked Island. Daku
Island has soft white sand partnered with the mirror-like water
beauty. Beach Volleyball and other water activities are done
here.
Guyam Island
Guyam Island, a teardrop-shaped island, is known for

its short stretch white sand topped with coconut trees. It has
these amazing coral rock formations. Tourists enjoy the island
with surfing and swimming.

CHAPTER 2 Location
Wantaw
Wantaw is a famous place in the northeast of Siargao

where people hang out and just enjoy the peaceful sound of the
beach. Wantaw is a Japanese restaurant serving not only
delicious authentic Japanese food and drinks but also a free port
for parties and surfing or swimming.
General Luna Road
The famous road where when you face left and right are
scenes of perfect spots to chill and hang with or without your
friends. General Luna is surrounded by restaurants, bars, shops,
and the best people. Just rent a motorbike and you can enjoy
every bit of this road. Make sure to be friends with lokals too!

CHAPTER 2 Location
Coconut Road
A must on your bucket list is to take pictures in the

famous coconut road of Siargao! You cannot miss this
opportunity to be amazed by the beauty of a narrow road
surrounded by thousands of palm trees and waves crashing in
the distance. Coconut road is a long straight road located near
Pacifico.
Catangnan Bridge
Catangnan-Cabitoonan Bridge is a part of a larger

infrastructure program that plans the rehabilitation of a
2.22-kilometer road leading to Dapa Port. Enjoyed by the locals
and foreigners, Catangnan bridge is famous for its best sunset
view while eating Balut. People also love to skateboard here.

CHAPTER 2 Location
Maasin River
About a 25-minute drive from General Luna is the small

town of Maasin. The river is known for its long stretch and
buko juice. Tourists and locals can be seen enjoying the rope
swing and jump boards with 2 meters deep water surface.
Maasin River is also a known spot for its bent palm trees.
Naked Island
Fine white sand and cool crystal waters are the best
descriptions of Naked Island. The island is called Naked for its
“nakedness.” It has no shade for it has no trees. The island
almost had nothing except for its natural beauty of protected
water and sand where you can enjoy swimming, taking
pictures, and some sun.

CHAPTER 2 Location
2.10.20 Culture
Siargao has an eclectic dining scene embracing

international cooking, vegan and other healthy cuisines, local
recipes with or without a modern twist. Filipino favorites have
not missed also the seafood boodle fight at Daku Island
especially the coconut or the buko juice. Tourists also enjoy
and find these unique surfboard-shaped bread called Pan de
Surf Instagram-worthy. Siargao has a lively nightlife scene
focused on different bars on different nights of the week, so
talking to locals is the best way to find out where to head.
Regular venues include Bravo, Rum Bar, Viento, and the
Jungle Shack. Another way to get to know locals is through
their love of karaoke, both in their own homes and in dedicated
bars.
2.10.30 Population
General Luna is politically subdivided into 19

barangays, fifteen of which are located on Siargao Island while
four are on the other outer islands. Based on the census of the
year 2020, there were about 136,092 individuals living on the
Island. The remote, untouched feel given by Siargao Island has
been luring visitors from far and wide with its pristine, white
beaches, excellent surfing conditions, and peaceful, tropical
atmosphere.

CHAPTER 2 Location
2.10.40 Economy
Siargao is a remote island in the Philippines where the

community was able to transform its local economy and
improve living standards thanks to the economic benefits
derived from the ATR air service. Siargao is an island in the
eastern Philippines where the community previously relied
largely on coconut plantations and fishing as a source of
income. Siargao has found that catches are lower and less
frequent. The Philippines Statistics Authority says fisheries
production in the Philippines fell to 4.35 million metric tonnes
in 2018 from 4.69 million metric tonnes in 2014. Due to this,
Siargaonons relied more on tourism teaching surfing and
touring the visitors to this beautiful island.
2.20 Primary Objectives
The airport’s main objective is to show significant improvements that

will benefit not only the selected site but also boost the growth of tourism and
increase its economic status. The airport would transition from Class 2
Principal to Class 1 Principal catering more turbo propeller aircraft and
narrow-bodied jet aircraft such as A321neo. Sayak Airport will now be able
to cater more domestic flights----arrive and depart, which will give off a
variation of aircrafts other than turboprops.
2.30 Secondary Objectives
The newly improved airport would also serve as a further development

of an airport that will maximize the potential and provide better service to the
Philippine Nation for global recognition and economic growth.

CHAPTER 2 Location
2.40 Scope and Limitation

Scope and limitations of the study of “Sayak Airport of Siargao Development”
are:
● The main objective of the study is to carry out improvements that will
benefit not only the selected site but also boost the growth of tourism
and increase the land’s economic status.
● The design of the airport is focused on the cultural significance of the

Island of Siargao.
● The runway development includes a lighting system for the additional

safety of the aircraft and the passengers since the new Sayak Airport
will be operational 24 hours.
● The development of the airport also includes an additional security

system.
● It also includes the use of technological advancements such as the

“WayFinder” to improve the system of the airport.
● The development of Sayak Airport is focused on accommodating night

flights and an increased passenger volume.
● The airport renovation project is limited to carrying out domestic

flights extending its operations even at night.
● The airport will be limited to Domestic Class 1 Principal Airport

Category only. Allowing narrow-body jet aircraft such as the A321neo
with a capacity of at least 100 seats and as well as serving more turbo
propeller aircraft.
● The airport will not cater to any cargo freight-related services, aviation
school operations, or international flights.

CHAPTER 2 Location
● In case of emergency purposes, Sayak Airport will be willing to

accommodate any aircraft knowing that the airport will only be able to
cater narrow-body aircraft under Class 1 Principal category.
● Other problems that are beyond the scope of the architectural coverage
and determine if it is deemed to be fundamental will be studied and
solved using assumptions, standards issued by the government, and
practical logic.

CHAPTER 2 Location

CHAPTER 3 Developmental Cost
3.0 Developmental Cost
The cost of land area within and surrounding Sayak Airport is affected by
different factors namely its physical attributes, accessibility to economic activities,
neighborhood amenities, present, and future land use, demand and supply function,
location and transport linkages, land and property records, development controls and
building by-laws, real-estate prices, and age of the structure.
Real estate brokers, investors, developers, expatriates, nomads, and retirees

from big cities and the locals buy lots and properties for future developments of
accommodations and businesses.
Lot size and its price vary depending on how big or small, location, platform
for buy & sell, history, conditions of the lot, personal/family-related cases, seasonal
changes, and if the place is individually or company-owned.
Physical Attributes include the quality of location, topography, climate,

availability of water, sewer lines, etc. The functionality and usage of facilities
contribute to the increase in the price of land. Additionally, in regards to the
topography, having an even land surface increases the price of land. It is because
construction costs and labor may decrease its load and costs.
The Accessibility to economic activities depends on the distances from the

land and from metropolitan cities where economic activities occur and its volume.
Neighborhood amenities depend on the availability of shopping areas, medical

facilities, schools, parks, and other basic human needs. It decreases the time
consumed by every individual.
The cost in terms of present and future land uses may vary depending on its
purpose or what it is permitted to do on that land area.
Demand and Supply Function is the wants and needs of a person for a
particular land area and depending on the supply (quantity) of available land area to
be acquired.

Property located in or close to an area with high levels of infrastructural

amenities, such as a marketplace or factories, has greater value. Some of the ideal
transportation qualities of any place include a well-defined hierarchy of roadways,
efficient public transit, and a lack of congestion. As a result, keeping credible records
of previous land purchases and buyers becomes critical. This is especially important if
a future dispute occurs and the present property owner is required to verify land
ownership.
A land, once purchased will be put to use in some way and thus needs to be
developed, and this is governed by various laws and regulations.
In some cities, the land valuation takes into account the above-mentioned
factors and is known as market price. The price is thus driven by the market in that
area based on the other deals or similar purchases. This is one of the quickest ways to
get an idea about the land value in an urban area.
Land located in an area with old buildings will see a negative impact due to
the age of the structure in the surrounding. Age is also a factor while discussing
property valuation and also for land value.
The present prices within Siargao Island such as for Apartments, Dorms,
Hostels ranges from Php 500 to Php 17,000+ depending on the Season whether Low
or High. For Airbnb, it ranges from Php 2,250 to Php 60,000+ per night. Studio types
cost from Php 17,500 to Php 30,000 per month and depending on the Season (Low or
High). House Rentals goes from Php 15,000 per month but requires a long-term rental
and is outside the tourist zone. For Bungalows, it ranges from Php 3,000 per day
during High Season and Php 30,000 per month for long-term rent. Lastly, Property
prices range from Php 3,000+ per square for Commercial Lots and Php 10,000+ per
square meter for Beach fronts.

The Tables indicated below shows the calculation of the costs in each sector along
with its Total Cost for the redevelopment of the Sayak Airport:



ALL DEVELOPMENTAL COSTS WRITTEN/PROVIDED ARE APPROVED

BY THE FOLLOWING PROFESSIONALS:
● ARCH. ARE JAY PACHECO CABASAN
JUNE 2019 - JAN. 2021: Junior Architect and Project Manager under CPV
design-builder
JAN 2021 - PRESENT: Designer, idea builder, visualizer of cabasaan.visuals

APRIL 2021 - PRESENT: Co-owner petniture.ph
● ENGR. CAMILO MAJARES
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Chief Managing Officer of CLM 458 Engineering Services engaged in

procurement
Served as an Assistant Project Manager of Hyundai Arabia Co. Ltd for 6 years
Lead Civil Engineer of POSCO Engineer and Construction
A member of the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers.
3.10 Investors
Building an infrastructure needs to have major financial

backing that supports the building process, and this is why investors
are needed. The Aboitiz Group began as a hemp trade company in
Ormoc, Leyte, late 1800’s. It currently has power, banking and
financial services, food, land, construction, shipbuilding, and
infrastructure among its current investments.
Since this is originally a government-owned airport, we will

now opt to have a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with a Concession
type chosen with a contract under PPP Modality - Build-Operate-and
transfer (BOT). Here, A type of public-private partnership in which the
government gives the private sector the authority to manage and
maintain it for a certain length of time collecting fees and charges to
recoup investment and profit, while it provides franchise (if required)

and regulates activities of BOT contractor; acquires ownership of

facilities at the end of cooperation period.
There are several laws that support this. We have the Republic
Act (RA) 6957, as amended by RA 7718 (commonly known as the
BOT Law), and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), the
2013 NEDA Joint Venture (JV) Guidelines, Executive Order No. 423
s. 2005, and the Local Government PPP Code/JV Ordinance.
3.20 Return of Investment
The Tables indicated below shows the calculation of the Return of Investment:
FORECAST
TOTAL COST YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4
538,290,984.07 62,441,369.65 63,341,369.65 63,541,369.65 63,241,369.65
ESTIMATED ANNUAL
GROSS DEDUCTIBLE NET EARNINGS

EARNINGS
89,984,926.11 26,643,556.46 63,341,369.65
ESTIMATED RETURN OF INVESTMENT
Percent/years 11.77% or 8.5 years 538,401,642

CHAPTER 4 Airport Information and Operation
4.0 Airport Information and Operation
4.10 ICAO
The ICAO or International Civil Aviation Organization has issued

codes to designate airports around the world. These 4-letter codes are always
used by the aviation industries such as air traffic control, flight planning, and
airline operations. Since Sayak Airport, Siargao has already been issued an
ICAO code, the researchers made use of what was already available. Sayak
Airport, Siargao’s ICAO code is RPNS. The ICAO’s 4-letter code each has its
own meaning. The first letter from the code is “R” which is a designation code
for the location of an airport based on the region, “R” is often used to
designate airports situated along Southeast Asia. The second letter, “P”, is the
country where the airport is located and “P” represents the country code of the
Philippines. The third letter “N” represents the Visayan Island of the
Philippines. And lastly, the fourth letter “S” represents Sayak Airport’s
location letter code.
4.20 IATA
The IATA or International Air Transport Association also has airport

identifiers called IATA location identifiers, station codes, or simply location
identifiers. These codes are uniquely designated to a certain airport’s location
to give them their identity in the aviation industry. The IATA code for Sayak
Airport, Siargao is IAO which has been issued by the IATA.

4.30 Meteorology
Wind Speeds
Since Sayak Airport does not have a concrete weather forecast system
that shows Siargao’s history regarding the airport’s wind speed, the
researchers only provided a week’s amount of data dated - October 25 until
October 31. The average speed for the whole week is 16km/hr, having highs
of 20km/hr and lows of 9km/hr.
Wind Directions
For the Wind Direction data for Sayak Airport, Siargao. The average
wind direction for the week of October 25, 2021, is Northeast. Some winds
change in direction following East of Northeast on Tuesday, October 26,
2021. On Thursday, October 28, 2021, wind direction changes following
North of Northeast.
Wind Rose
A Wind Rose Diagram is a map diagram that summarizes the

information about the wind at a specific location over a specified time period
wherein the information given includes both the wind direction and the wind
speed. Utilizing the Wind Rose Diagram Type 1 format, the runway of Sayak
is following the North of the Wind Rose with a specific value of 9.50°, thus
the runway designation for Sayak will be 01 or 10° rounding up from the
value. For the opposite runway, an additional 180° will be added thus 190° or
Runway 19.

Weather
● Temperature
The hot season in Sayak Airport, Siargao is during the

month of May with an average maximum temperature of 36°C
and an overall average temperature for the month is 28°C. The
cool season in Sayak Airport, Siargao is during the month of
January with an average maximum temperature of 30°C and an
overall average temperature for the month is 24°C.
● Precipitation
Precipitation is formed when water vapor condenses

and turns into big droplets of water. Sayak Airport has an
average precipitation of 52% from October 27, 2021, until
October 29, 2021. The most humid month in Siargao is May
with a dew point of 28° which is extremely humid and
uncomfortable unless people are at the beach. The least humid
month in Siargao is in January with a dew point of 23° which is
very humid and less uncomfortable for most.
4.40 Airport Elevation
The location of Sayak Airport, Siargao has an elevation of 10 ft or

3.048 m above sea level. The surrounding terrain of the island has an elevation
with the range of 0 ft to 25ft above sea level.

4.50 Airport Category
Sayak Airport, Siargao is considered as a Class 2 principal airport that

caters to minor domestic flights that can accommodate approximately 900
passengers within a week. With this, the group has decided to upgrade Sayak
Airport from Class 2 Principal to Class 1 principal still limited to domestic
flights, allowing small jet aircraft and turboprops to arrive and depart from the
airport.
4.60 Airlines
Table shown below are the Domestic Airline fleet operating in Sayak Airport.
Airline Aircraft Model
CEBGO Airlines ATR 72-600
Philippine Airlines (PAL) A320-214
Philippine Airlines (PAL) A321-271neo
Cebu Pacific Airlines A321neo
PAL Express A320-200
PAL Express DHC-8-400
AirSWIFT ATR 42-600
AirSWIFT ATR 72-600
AirAsia A320-200

AirAsia A321neo
Philippines Airlines (PAL) A321ceo
4.70 Critical Aircraft
Airbus A321neo
The critical aircraft is considered to be the most demanding aircraft

that the airport will be accommodating or will be using. Airbus A321Neo is a
two-engined short to medium narrow body with an approximate capacity of
236 passengers. This aircraft will provide comfort to the passengers for it is
flexible enough to offer a sizable span of seating options.

Manufacturer : Airbus Pax
Maximum Flight Distance : Max seating : 236

6,111km Typical seating : 170-210
Maximum Flight Altitude : Cargo
12,131m
LD3 capacity underfloor : 10
Economic Flight speed : LD3-45W
841km/h
Max pallet number underfloor : 10
Maximum Flight time :
Water volume : 59 m³
7.3hrs
Aircraft Size
Performance
Overall length : 44.51m
Range : 5,95.lm with sharklets
Cabin length : 34.44m
Weights
Fuselage width : 3.95
Max ramp weight : 93.90 tonnes
Max cabin width : 3.70m
Max takeoff weight : 93.50 tonnes
Wing span (geometric) :
35.80m Max landing weight : 77.80 tonnes
Height : 11.76m Max zero fuel weight : 73.80 tonnes
Track : 7.59m Max fuel capacity : 30,030 liters
Wheelbase : 16.90m

4.80 Flight Frequency
Peak Season (May - July: 3 Months)
The table shown below is the flight schedule arriving and departing from
Sayak Airport, Siargao during Peak Season.
Flight Frequency
Airlines Flight Depart ETD Arrival ETA Termi Remarks

Number -ure Location -nal
(Model)
Locati-
on
Airasia Z2701 RPLL 0700H RPNS 0826H 1 Domestic-

Philippines Scheduled
A320-216
Flight
CEBGO DG6851 RPLL 0730H RPNS 0856H 1 Domestic-

ATR-42-600 Scheduled
Flight
Philippine PR2975 RPMG 0800H RPNS 0854H 1 Domestic-

Airlines Scheduled
A321ceo
Flight
Airasia Z2705 RPVA 0830H RPNS 0914H 1 Domestic-

A320-216
Flight
AirSwift T6326 RPNS 0900H RPMU 0946H 1 Domestic-

Flight

AirSwift T6310 RPNS 0930H RPMU 1018H 1 Domestic-

Flight
Airasia Z2701 RPNS 1126H RPLL 1252H 1 Domestic-

A320-216
Flight
CEBGO DG6851 RPNS 1156H RPLL 1322H 1 Domestic-

Flight
Philippine PR2975 RPNS 1154H RPMG 1248H 1 Domestic-

Airlines Scheduled
ATR-42-600
Flight
Airasia Z2705 RPNS 1219H RPVA 1330H 1 Domestic-

A320-216
Flight
PAL 2P2382 RPLL 1300H RPNS 1126H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
DHC-8-400
Flight
Cebu 5J 389 RPMC 1130H RPNS 1218H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A321neo
Flight

Flight
Philippine
RPLL RPNS 1 Domestic-
Airlines PR2343 0840H 0930H
A320-214

Scheduled
Flight
PAL 2P2382 RPNS 1426H RPLL 1552H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
DHC-8-400
Flight
Cebu 5J 389 RPNS 1428H RPMC 1516H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A321neo
Flight

Flight
Philippine PR2343 RPNS 1230H RPLL 1356H 1 Domestic-

Airlines Scheduled
A320-214
Flight
PAL 2P2786 RPMC 1300H RPNS 1350H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
PAL 2P2853 RPVA 1330H RPNS 1414H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
A320-200
Flight

A320-214
Flight
Philippine PR2343 RPLL 1430H RPNS 1556H 1 Domestic-

Airlines Scheduled
A320-214
Flight

PAL 2P2786 RPNS 1700H RPMC 1750H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
PAL 2P2853 RPNS 1714H RPVA 1758H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
Airasia Z2702 RPNS 1826H RPLL 1952H 1 Domestic-

A320-214
Flight

Airlines Scheduled
A320-214
Flight
AirSwift T6314 RPLL 1520H RPNS 1646H 1 Domestic-

Flight
Philippine
1 Domestic-
Airlines PR2778 RPLL 1550H RPNS 1716H
A321-271ne Scheduled
o Flight
Cebu 5J 360 RPMU 1710H RPNS 1756H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
Philippine
1 Domestic-
Airlines PR2567 RPLL 1620H RPNS 1746H
o Flight
Airasia Z2704 RPMG 1630H RPNS 1724H

1 Domestic-
Philippine

A320-216 Scheduled
Flight
AirSwift T6314 RPNS 2030H RPLL 2156H 1 Domestic-

Flight
Philippine
1 Domestic-
Airlines PR2778 RPNS 2100H RPLL 2226H
o Flight
Cebu 5J 360 RPNS 2045H RPMU 2131H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
Philippine
1 Domestic-
Airlines PR2567 RPNS 2300H RPLL 0026H
o Flight
Airasia Z2704 RPNS 2330H RPMG 0024H 1 Domestic-

A320-216
Flight

Computation for Flight Frequency for Peak Season
Table shown below is the computation of flights per day, weeks, months in a
year.
36 Flights per Day Total Flights
36 Flights per Day x 7 Operating Days 252 Flights per Week
252 Flights per Week x 4 Weeks 1,008 Flights per Month
1,008 Flights per Month x 3 Months (Approximately) 3,024 Flights per

Season
Average/ Normal Operations (February - April, August - October: 6

Months)
Sayak Airport, Siargao during Normal Operations.
Flight Frequency

(Model)
Locati-
on

A320-216
Flight

Airlines Scheduled
A321neo Flight

Philippine PR2975 RPMG 0800H RPNS 0854H 1 Domestic-

Airlines Scheduled
A321ceo
Flight

A320-216
Flight
Cebu 5J 306 RPNS 1126H RPLL 1252H Domestic-

Pacific 1 Scheduled
A320-200 Flight

Airlines Scheduled
A321neo
Flight
Philippine PR2975 RPNS 1154H RPMG 1248H 1 Domestic-

Airlines Scheduled
A321ceo
Flight
Cebu 5J 306 RPNS 1219H RPVA 1330H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
Cebu 5J 360 RPMU 1710H RPNS 1756H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A320-200
Flight

Express Scheduled
DHC-8-400
Flight
Philippine PR2567 RPMG 1630H RPNS 1724H

1 Domestic-
Airlines
A321-271ne

o Scheduled
Flight
Cebu 5J 360 RPNS 2045H RPMU 2131H 1 Domestic-

Pacific Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
1 Domestic-
PAL 2P2605 RPNS 2300H RPLL 0026H
Express Scheduled
DHC-8-400 Flight
Philippine
1 Domestic-
Airlines PR2567 RPNS 2330H RPMG 0024H
o Flight

Flight

A320-214
Flight
T6314 RPNS 2030H RPLL 2156H 1 Domestic-

AirSwift Scheduled
ATR-72-600
Flight
Airasia
1 Domestic-
Philippines Z2702 RPNS 2100H RPLL 2226H
A320-214 Scheduled
Flight

Computation for Flight Frequency for Normal Operations (Average)
Table shown below is the computation of flights per day, weeks, months in a
year.
126 Flights per Week x 4 Weeks 504 Flights per Month
504 Flights per Month x 6 Months (Approximately) 3,024 Flights per

Season
Lean Season (November - January: 3 Months)
Sayak Airport, Siargao during Lean Season.
Flight Frequency

(Model)
Locati-
on
PAL 2P2786 RPMC 1300H RPNS 1350H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
A320-200
Flight

A320-216 Flight


Flight

Airlines Scheduled
A320-214
Flight
PAL 2P2786 RPNS 1700H RPMC 1750H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
A320-200
Flight
Airasia Z2706 RPNS 1714H RPVA 1758H 1 Domestic-

A320-216
Flight

Flight

Airlines Scheduled
A320-214
Flight

Flight

Express Scheduled
DHC-8-400
Flight
AirSwift T6314 RPNS 2030H RPLL 2156H

1 Domestic-
ATR-72-600

Scheduled
Flight
PAL 2P2971 RPNS 2100H RPLL 2226H 1 Domestic-

Express Scheduled
DHC-8-400
Flight
Computation for Flight Frequency for Lean Season
Computation for Flight Frequency (Lean Season)
84 Flights per Week x 4 Weeks 336 Flights per Month
336 Flights per Month x 3 Months (Approximately) 1,008 Flights per

Season

4.90 Passenger Enplanement
Table shown below is the calculation for the Peak Season at Sayak Airport.
AIRCRAFT MONTHS
FLIGHTS PAX DAY WEEK
TYPE (3 Months)
ATR-72-600 7 72 144 1,008 3,024
A320-200 6 156 936 6,552 19,656
A320-214 8 144 864 6,048 18,144
A320-216 6 180 1080 7,560 22,680
A321-271neo 0 203 812 5,684 17,052
A321neo 2 236 472 3,304 9,912
A321ceo 2 199 398 2,786 8,358
DHC-8-400 6 86 172 1,204 3,612
ATR-42-600 0 42 252 1,764 5,292
TOTAL PASSENGERS 107,730

Table shown below is the calculation for the Average Season at Sayak Airport.
AIRCRAFT MONTHS
TYPE (6 Months)
ATR-72-600 2 72 144 1,008 6,048
A320-200 2 156 624 4,368 26,208
A320-214 0 144 288 2,016 12,096
A320-216 2 180 360 2,520 15,120
A321-271neo 0 203 406 2,842 17,052
A321neo 0 236 472 3,304 19,824
A321ceo 1 199 398 2,786 16,716
DHC-8-400 4 86 172 1,204 7,224
ATR-42-600 2 42 0 0 0
Table shown below is the calculation for the Lean Season at Sayak Airport.
AIRCRAFT MONTHS
TYPE (3 Months)
ATR-72-600 2 72 144 1,008 3,024
A320-200 4 156 312 2,184 6,552
A320-214 4 144 288 2,016 6,048
A320-216 0 180 360 2,520 7,560
A321-271neo 0 203 0 0 0
A321neo 0 236 0 0 0
A321ceo 0 199 0 0 0
DHC-8-400 2 86 172 1,204 3,612
ATR 42-600 0 42 84 588 1,764

Total Passenger Enplanement
Table shown below is the calculation for the critical aircraft Airbus A321neo with a
maximum capacity of 236.
Peak Season Approx 107,730 Passengers per Season
Average/Normal Operations Approx 120,288 Passengers per Season
Lean Season Approx.28,560 Passengers per Season
Total: Approx. 257,481 Total Passengers per

Year

CHAPTER 5 Airport Design
5.0 Airport Design
5.10 Land Side
Parking facilities, public transportation, the terminal building, and

other utilities that support terminal operations are all included in the landside
areas. All of these services are related to the movement of passengers and their
belongings.
5.10.10 Accessibility
The popularity of the island is likely to expand after the
airport development is completed. The Sayak Airport will
design a parking lot that passengers departing and arriving at
the airport will be able to get to the airport with the least
amount of walking distance possible. There are around 30
parking places available, with an additional three (3) reserved
for those with disabilities. Parking is offered in a total area of
430.5 square meters.
The airport operator, on the other hand, will collect fees
for everybody who uses the facilities, excluding staff. The
revenue will be used to keep the airport's parking lot and other
facilities in proper working condition. Sayak Airport can be
reached via a variety of land transportation means accessible in
the region, including vans, taxis, and motorcycles for
passengers. They will be able to have more convenient
door-to-door transportation to and from the airport as a result of
this.

5.10.20 Terminal Building
The simple linear design will be used for the passenger

terminal building at Sayak Airport. Because the passenger
processing area is centered, the design is simple but
uncomplicated, resulting in a reduced walking distance for
travelers. This arrangement will also help the airport operator
because it is straightforward to set up. In comparison to other
airport arrangements, it also has a cheaper baggage system cost.
5.20 Air Side
Airside is the portion of an airport between the boarding gates and the
airspace. Elements of the airside include the runways, taxiways, and
navigational systems.
5.20.10 Terminal Gates
The newly developed Sayak Airport will have a total of

four (4) terminal gates in total to accommodate its passengers.
Two (2) terminal gates are allotted for the departure and two (2)
terminal gates intended for the arrival of passengers. There will
also be four (4) stairs (non-aerobridge) that will be fully
operational for the convenience of the passengers when
boarding and disembarking on an aircraft. The dimensions of
the Departure Terminal Gate have a length of 24 m, a width of
19 m, and a height of 9 m. The Arrival Terminal Gate has a
length of 21 m, a width of 19 m, and a height of 9 m.

1 Departure Terminal Gate Dimensions:
Length Width Height
24 m 19 m 9m
1 Arrival Terminal Gate Dimensions:
Length Width Height
21 m 19 m 9m
5.20.20 Apron/Ramp
The researchers’ terminal configuration is linear. The

design of the aircraft parking will be based on the terminal
configuration and the Critical aircraft. In the gate arrivals or
frontal concept, aircraft are parked along the face of the
terminal building. This concept offers ease of access and
relatively short walking distances.

The critical aircraft of the researchers is Airbus

A321neo, which can accommodate approximately 236
passengers. This aircraft will provide comfort to the passengers
for it is flexible enough to offer a sizable span of seating
options. The Airbus A321neo has a length of 44.51 m and a
width (wingspan) of 35.80 m.
The New Sayak Airport has a 1 apron that can

accommodate nine (9) aircrafts, wherein eight (8) of these will
be used as an aircraft stand and the last one (1) will be used as a
maintenance apron.
The area for the terminal apron/aircraft stand is

32,171.828 square meters, it is computed based on the area of
the critical aircraft and the standard clearance for each aircraft
which is 7.5 meters in standards by ICAO. When computing
the total area along with the area for the aircraft’s pushback, an
additional 32,171.828 square meters will be added in order to
attain the total area of the apron, thus the total will be
64,343.656 square meters.
An additional area with the dimension for the

maintenance apron/motor pool side is 1,600.958 meters based
on the computation of the area of the critical aircraft including

the standard clearance. The Airbus A321neo has a length of

44.51 m and a width (wingspan) of 35.80 m. To compute with
the pushback, simply multiply the area of the apron by 2 to give
aircrafts ample space for taxiing. The total area for the motor
pool which was based on the apron and pushback dimensions
will be 3,201.916 square meters. The location for the
maintenance area is an extending apron on the right side of the
airport perpendicular to the motor pool. The aircraft
maintenance area can only house 1 aircraft each time.
For the terminal apron/aircraft stand the following dimensions

are as shown.
Total
Critical
Area
Critical Standard Aircraft +
Aircrafts including
Aircraft Clearance Standard
Pushback
Clearance
s
32,171.82 64,343.65
44.51 m x
8 7.50 m 8 square 6 square
35.80 m
meters meters
For the maintenance apron the following dimensions are as

shown.
Total
Critical
Area
Critical Standard Aircraft +
Aircrafts including
Aircraft Clearance Standard
Pushback
Clearance
s
1,600.958 3,201.916
44.51 m x
1 7.50 m square square
35.80 m
meters meters.

5.20.30 Taxiways
The taxiway is a right of way used by airplanes to enter

and exit specific locations within the airport such as the
Runway, Apron, Ramp, Hangar, Maintenance, etc. In reference
with the Critical Aircraft for Sayak Airport on the development
of the taxiway, the Airbus A321neo has a length of 44.51 m and
a width (wingspan) of 35.80 m resulting in an Aircraft Area of
2
1, 593. 458 𝑚 .
Additionally, each aircraft requires a Class D horizontal

clearance of 7.5 m between a fellow aircraft or an object in
reference to the ICAO Standard Clearances and the ICAO
Aerodrome Reference Code. The types of taxiways to be
included in the development are the combination of the
Entrance/Exit Taxiways and Parallel taxiways adjacent to the
Runway namely Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie.
In reference with the ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code

and the Airbus A321 Aircraft Characteristics, Airport, and
Maintenance Planning, the required taxiway width is 15 m.
The minimum separation distance between

taxiway/apron taxiway centre and runway centre line is 167.9
m.

5.20.40 Runways
As defined by the International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO), a runway is a rectangular area on a land
aerodrome prepared for landing and take-off. The runway
should be aligned to the wind orientation of the location.
Since our plan is to renovate and improve the airport

without adding a new runway, the previous runway orientation
will be retained. Our runway values are plotted in N of the
wind rose, the azimuth centerline is 9.50°. However, it is
required to use the whole number values for the runway
orientation, making the runway designator as 01 (10°) and an
additional 180° for the opposite side which is equivalent to
190° or 19 for the landing and take-off. In reference to the
critical aircraft for Sayak Airport, the Airbus A321neo, and the
standards of the ICAO Reference Code, the required runway
width is 45 m while the runway length is 2,500 m in
accordance with the Airbus A321 Aircraft Characteristics,
Airport, and Maintenance Planning.
Orientation
Runway Runway Runway Runway Runway
Runway
Orientation Type Dimensions Pavement Slope
Configuration
Single Length:
01° - 19° Precision Concrete Flat
Runway 2,500 m
Width:
45 m

5.20.50 Navigational Aids
Instrument Landing System (ILS)
It is used to assist the pilot in directing the aircraft into

the correct runway alignment and location in order for the
aircraft to be properly aligned with the glideslope for landing.
Currently, the researchers have planned to install Category I
ILS in both ends of the airport which enables the airport to
operate more efficiently during nighttime or low visibility
conditions.
Approach Lighting System (ALS)

It serves as an instrument to allow the pilot to quickly
and positively identify visibility distances in Instrument
meteorological conditions. In addition, ALS is critical in
maintaining safety during the approach phase especially in the
course of nighttime and low visibility operations.

The ALS configuration that is to be used in the New

Sayak Airport would be a MALSR which is a medium-intensity
approach lighting system that is recommended to be used in
conjunction with a Category I ILS.
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

It is a set of lights located adjacent to the runway which
provides the pilot with a visual indicator of their aircraft's
position relative to the glideslope of the runway.

Airport Beacon
It allows the pilot to easily identify the airport's location

during the night or when visibility around the airport is full.
Airport Beacons are extremely important especially when pilots
are navigating the area using VFR since it serves as a landmark
or a certain point that they could use as a visual reference. The
Airport has a white and green flashing lights since it is a
civilian airport.

Very-high Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
It is a type of short-range radio navigation system that

provides directions for aircraft which will serve as a backup to
GPS navigation. The airport needs to have VOR for the reason
that it provides greater accuracy and reliability than
Non-Directional Beacons (NDB’s) where there is no directional
information embedded in the signal. However, the airport will
not be building a station specifically for VOR, instead the
airport will base its short-range radio navigation on the nearest
VOR station (Tandag Airport). VOR will serve as a useful
navigational aid for many pilots without GPS services.
Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)

It provides rapid and positive identification of the end
of the runway. The lights are positioned on each corner of the
runway landing threshold, facing the approach area and aimed
at an angle of 10 to 15 degrees. REIL is effective for
identification of a runway surrounded by a preponderance of
another lighting; identification of a runway that lacks contrast
with surrounding terrain; and identification of a runway during
reduced visibility.

Runway Edge Lights (REL)

REL is used to outline the edges of runways during
periods of darkness or restricted visibility conditions. These
light systems are classified according to the intensity or
brightness they are capable of producing: they are the
High-Intensity Runway Lights (HIRL), Medium Intensity
Runway Lights (MIRL), and the Low-Intensity Runway Lights
(LIRL). The HIRL and MIRL systems have variable intensity
controls, whereas the LIRLs normally have one intensity
setting.

Runway Centerline Lights

Runway centerline lights are installed on some
precision approach runways to facilitate landing under adverse
visibility conditions. They are located along the runway
centerline and are spaced at 50-foot intervals. When viewed
from the landing threshold, the runway centerline lights are
white until the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights
begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet, and for the
last 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline lights are red.
Runway Entrance Lights

The REL system is composed of flush-mounted,
in-pavement, unidirectional light fixtures that are parallel to
and focused along the taxiway centerline and directed toward
the pilot at the hold line. An array of REL lights include the
first light at the hold line followed by a series of evenly spaced
lights to the runway edge; one additional light at the runway
centerline is in line with the last two lights before the runway
edge.

Threshold Lights
Are green color airfield lights, unidirectional type,
installed at the beginning of the part of a runway where aircraft
can do touchdown. The threshold is not a touchdown point yet.
But this is the beginning of the ‘safe-to-land’ part of a runway.

Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL)

Touchdown zone lights are installed on some precision
approach runways to indicate the touchdown zone when
landing under adverse visibility conditions. They consist of two
rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the
runway centerline. The system consists of steady-burning white
lights which start 100 feet beyond the landing threshold and
extend to 3,000 feet beyond the landing threshold or to the
midpoint of the runway, whichever is less.
Take-Off Hold Lights

Takeoff hold lights are visible to pilots in takeoff
position and are placed on runways at departure positions. It
informs pilots that taking off is risky because the runway ahead
of them is filled by another plane or vehicle.

Runway Guard Lights

Runway guard lights are a pair of flashing lights that
alert pilots and vehicle drivers when they are approaching an
operational runway.

Runway Stop Bar Lights

A series of unidirectional red lights, embedded in the
pavement, right angles to the taxiway centerline, at the
associated runway holding position.
Taxiway Edge Lights

During periods of darkness or limited visibility, taxiway
edge lights are used to indicate the margins of taxiways. Blue
light is emitted by these fixtures.

Taxiway Centerline Lights

In low-visibility situations, taxiway centerline lights are
utilized to help ground traffic. On straight portions of the
taxiway, they are situated along the centerline in a straight line,
on the centerline of curved segments, and along authorized
taxiing pathways in portions of runways, ramps, and apron
areas. The taxiway centerline lights are continuously lit and
generate a green glow.
Clearance Bar Lights

In low visibility conditions, clearance bar lights are put
at holding positions on taxiways to boost the visibility of the
holding position. During periods of darkness, they can also be
used to identify the position of an intersecting taxiway. Three
in-pavement steady-burning yellow lights make up the
clearance bars.

Apron Floodlights
Most outdoor locations related to the apron require

some level of illumination, notably lighting apron/aircraft
stands during ground staff and airline operations. The
horizontal illuminance requires 20 Lux with a maximum
uniformity ratio of 4:1. The vertical illuminance on the other
hand requires 20 Lux at a height of 2m above the apron.The
most common way of illuminating the apron area is to use
mounted floodlights. They're usually installed at a height of 25
to 50 feet (8 to 15 meters), with a maximum distance of 200
feet between them (60 m).The placement of floodlights must be
coordinated with the exact type(s) of aircraft that will be using
the parking spot. Floodlights should be targeted and covered to
reduce glare for pilots and air traffic controllers while still
providing adequate lighting in important locations.

Runway/ Taxiway Markings
● Runway
■ Threshold markings
The beginning of the runway that is

available and appropriate for landing is
identified by a threshold marking. The
runway threshold markings are made up of
uniformly sized longitudinal stripes that are
regularly spaced around the runway
centerline. These runway marks start 20
feet from the runway threshold.

■ Touchdown Zone markings
The touchdown zone markings identify

the touchdown zone for landings and are
coded to provide distance information.
These marks are color white and consist of
groups one, two, and three rectangular bars
that are evenly put in order in pairs beside
the runway centerline.

■ Aiming Point Markings
Aiming point markings give a visual

aiming point for landing operations for jet
aircraft. The starting point of these marks is
approximately 1,020 feet from the
threshold. The aiming point consists of 2
rectangular marks wherein each mark
measures about 150 feet in length, and are
located on each side of the runway
centerline.

■ Landing Designator
A runway designator consists of a two-digit

number, which is the whole number nearest
to one tenth of the magnetic North when
viewed from the direction of approach.
■ Centerline Markings
Centerline markings on runways identify

the physical center of the runway and
provide alignment guidance during landing
and takeoff. The runway centerline
markings are white and are located along
the centerline of the runway between the
runway designation markings. These
markings consist of a line of uniformly
spaced stripes and gaps. The stripes are 120
feet long and have gaps that are 80 feet in
length. Any adjustments to the length and
gaps of the stripes that may be needed
because of runway length are to be made

near the runway midpoint. The minimum

width of each stripe is 36 inches for
precision instrument runways.
■ Edge Marking
Taxiway edge markings are present

whenever there is a need to separate the
taxiway from a pavement that is not
intended for aircraft use or to delineate the
edge of the taxiway.
■ Runway Holding Position Markings on

Taxiways
For runways, these markings indicate where

aircraft MUST STOP when approaching a
runway. They consist of four yellow lines,
two solid and two dashed, spaced six or
twelve inches apart, and extending across

the width of the taxiway or runway. The

solid lines are always on the side where the
aircraft must hold.
■ Demarcation Bar
A demarcation bar identifies a runway

with a displaced threshold from a blast pad,
stopway or taxiway that precedes the
runway. The yellow demarcation bar is
positioned at the intersection of the runway
on the blast pad, stopway, or taxiway. The
measurement of this bar is 3 feet wide and
extends across the blast pad, stopway, or
taxiway’s width.

■ Blastpad marking
A runway blast pad is a surface near the

ends of runways provided to reduce the
erosive effect of jet blast and propeller
wash.
● Taxiway
○ Taxiway centerline markings
Taxiway centerlines are marked to

provide a visual identification of the
designated taxiing path. Taxiway
centerlines are yellow and consist of a
continuous stripe along the centerline of the
designated taxiway.

○ Holding position markings
These markings identify the locations

on a taxiway where aircraft MUST STOP
when a clearance has not been issued to
proceed onto the runway. Generally, runway
holding position markings also identify the
boundary of the runway safety area (RSA)
for aircraft exiting the runway.

○ Taxiway edge markings
Taxiway edge markings are used to

delineate the edge of the taxiway. They are
used when the taxiway edge does not
correspond with the edge of the pavement
and where the full strength pavement of the
taxiway is not readily visible.

Runway/Taxiway Signs
● Runway Location Signs
These signs are intended to complement the

information available to pilots through their magnetic
compass and typically are installed where the proximity
of two or more runways to one another could cause
pilots to be confused as to which runway they are on.
● Taxiway Location Signs
These signs are installed along taxiways either

by themselves or in conjunction with direction signs or
runway holding position signs. This sign has a black
background with a yellow inscription and yellow
border.

● Taxiway Direction Signs
Taxiway direction signs have a yellow

background and black characters, which identifies the
designation or intersecting taxiways. Arrows indicate
the direction of turn that would place the aircraft on the
designated taxiway.
● Mandatory: Holding position for ILS critical

area/precision obstacle free zone
Indicates the start of a protected region for an

ILS signal or approach airspace. Located on taxiways
that enter the NAVAID critical area or where aircraft on
the taxiway might violate ILS approach airspace.

● Runway Safety Area
A runway safety area is defined as a surface

surrounding the runway that has been prepared or is
ideal for lowering the danger of airplane damage in the
case of a runway undershoot, overshoot, or excursion.
● ILS Critical Area
The ILS critical area is an area of defined

dimensions about the localizer and glide path antennas
where vehicles, including aircraft, are excluded during
all ILS operations.

5.20.60 Airspace
The airspace that we will be using is Class B Airspace.

IFR and VFR flights are permitted, all flights are provided with
air traffic control service and are separated from each other.
Class B airspace is generally airspace from the surface to
10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in
terms of airport operations or passenger enplanements. ATC
clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and
all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services within
the airspace.
5.30 Other Facilities
5.30.10 Drainage System
The drainage system to be used in the developed airport

is still based on the original plan with the water runoff flowing
to the channel connected to the Philippine sea located on the
lower part of the runway. Adjustments to the airport will
ultimately keep the flow heading to the same direction.
The New Sayak Airport will make use of the roof’s

catch basin (from the building’s design), underground tank, and
pump rooms (submersible pump). The flow will be: rainwater -
catch basin - underground tank - pump room - distribute water
all throughout the airport. The underground tank serves two
purposes: (1) for water storing, (2) in cases of flooding.
Furthermore, it is to incorporate the Eco-friendly Septic

Tank System or Eco-sep. This makes use of Vigormin, an
organomineral that "speeds up the decomposition of dangerous
bacteria found in septic tanks," preventing it from escaping and

contaminating sewage systems. It is to prevent contamination

to not only the soil, but also the body of water it will runoff to.
The additional tank remains to have the standard depth of 4.5
meters beneath the grounds. It is to be placed 10m away from
the terminal building for the purpose of separating solids from
the wastewater while allowing the liquid to go to the drain
field. It is essential to put in a drainage system to further protect
and preserve the stability and durability of the airport’s
pavement.
5.30.20 Arch Bridge
The Arch Bridge is to be added as the extension of the

runway would not be possible due to the existence of the Dapa
channel. The highest tide reported in the island is 1.4 m, hence,
the height of the bridge is built at 3 m. This will allow the
expansion without having to cover up the body of water or have
landfill. It is seated in a Caisson foundation also called the Pier
Foundation. Caisson foundation is most often used in the
construction of bridge piers & other structures that require
foundation beneath rivers & other bodies of water. This is
because caissons can be floated to the job site and sunk into
place.
Length Width Height
10 m 45 m 3m

5.30.30 Hangar/ Motor pool
Sayak Airport does not have a Hangar but an Aircraft

Maintenance Area with a Motor pool will be available for all
aircraft in need of attention. A motor pool is an area where
vehicles are often placed for storage or maintenance. It is either
a roofed facility/structure with beams supporting the roof
section on the side or an open area that can enable vehicles to
be stationed for maintenance repairs. In order to attain the
ample dimensions needed for the Motor pool, the critical
aircraft’s maximum height, length and wingspan had to be
identified. Since the motor pool area for aircrafts of Sayak
Airport will not have a roofed section, the dimensions for the
motor pool area will be based on the apron width along with the
pushback extension. The dimension for the motor pool
structure will be 12m in length by 10m in width, wherein a
maintenance truck will be stationed at all times. The
maintenance truck is simply an open load truck used for
transporting large maintenance equipment from the storage area
to the aircraft motor pool area.
Motor pool Dimensions:
Table below shows the dimensions of the motor pool structure.
Length 12 meters
Width 10 meters
Total Area for Motor pool 120 sq. meters
Table 5.30.1

Shown below is the list of Personnel(s) in the Motor pool and

their duties:
● Repair and perform maintenance

on aircraft, including
dismantling, repairing, assembly,
and erection of machinery and
Aircraft mechanical devices.
Motorpool
Technician ● Act as cockpit coordinator, when
(3 personnel) assigned, to ensure safe
operation of aircraft systems
(e.g., flight controls, electrical,
landing gear) from the flight
deck
● Responsible for properly

performing all work assigned to
him/her in accordance with
approved maintenance
procedures, for the recording of
all work performed, and
Mechanic
assuming responsibility for that
(4 personnel)
work as indicated by his/her
signature or initials.
● Fabricate, assemble, fit, fasten

and install or repair parts of
aircraft.
Aircraft Cleaner ● Responsible for cleaning the

(2 personnel) aircraft inside out.
● Cleans the inside-out of the

Janitor
motorpool and to the tools used
(4 personnel)
after the operation.
Motorpool Facilities:
Aircraft This area is where the aircrafts’ are

Maintenance parked for maintenance.
Area
Motor pool This area is where the maintenance

truck is parked.
5.30.40 Tower Controller
An Air Control Tower is a building in an airport that

provides instructions or clearance to aircrafts when they are
going to take-off or land. The control tower of the newly
developed Sayak Airport will be located in between the airport
terminal building. The dimensions of the newly developed air
traffic control tower of Sayak Airport measures about 7.5
meters by 7.5 meters. In regards to its height, it has a
measurement of 27.7 meters.

5.30.50 General Aviation Area
For the General Aviation Area, Sayak Airport will be

catering Air Taxi Services only. An allotted open area for air
taxi aircraft/s will be available within the airport vicinity.
5.30.60 AIP of the New Sayak Airport
Airport
1 9.8570° N, 126.0157° E
Coordinates
Direction and
0.26 km or 260.87 m from Brgy.
2 Distance from
Sayak
(City/Community)
The elevation of Sayak airport

originally 3.5m/10ft above the
mean sea level.
The hottest month in Siargao is
May when the average maximum
temperature is around 36°,
average temperature is 32° and
Elevation/Reference
3 average minimum temperature is
Temperature
28°.
The coolest month in Siargao is
January when the average
maximum temperature is 30°,
average temperature is 27° and
average minimum temperature is
24°

CAAP
AD Operator, Address: Pasay City
4 Address, Telephone, Telephone: 822 - 51 - 64
Telefax, Telex, AFS Telefax: 866 - 520 -1924
Telex: 717317
Types of Traffic
5 Permitted VFR and IFR are available
(IFR/VFR)
24 hrs. operation. From 0500H to

1000H (First Shift); 1100H to
1600H (Second Shift); 1700H to
6 AD Operator
2200H (Third Shift); 2300H to
0400H (Fourth Shift)
Customs and
7 N/A
Immigration
Health and
8 24 hrs operation
Sanitation
MET Briefing
9 N/A
Office
ATC 1 (5AM - 10AM) : The

first batch of ATCs will operate
with 5 hours of work time 5am -
10 ATS
10am
ATC 2 (11AM - 4PM) : The

second batch of ATCs will

operate with 5 hours of work
time from 10am - 3pm.
ATC 3 (5PM - 10PM) : The

time from 5pm - 10pm.
ATC 4 (11PM - 4AM) : The

time from 11pm - 10pm
*Note that there is a 1 hour

interval each for airport runway
inspection and will be considered
ATC’s breaktime.
N/A
11 Fueling
12 Handling Baggage-Handling
13 Security 24/7 (8 hrs shift)
HANDLING SERVICES AND FACILITIES
1 Baggage-Handling Terminal
Facilities

2 Hangar Space for Aircraft Maintenance Area

Visiting Aircrafts
5 Repair Facilities for Aircraft Maintenance Area

Visiting Aircrafts
PASSENGER FACILITIES
Bakhaw Bed and Breakfast

Address:V249+R4F, Del
1 Hotel/Hostel
Carmen, Surigao del Norte
200 m from Sayak airport
Darosa Del Mar

2 Restaurant Address: V258+4HV, Del
The modes of transportation

that can be used to go to the
3 Transportation proposed airport are private
cars and public transportation
such as vans, and motorcycles.
Brgy. Sayak Health Center

Address: Sayak Airport
4 Medical Facilities
Terminal, Del Carmen, Surigao
del Norte
Cantilan Bank
5 Bank and Post Office Address: VX99+7HQ, Del

9.6 km from sayak airport
Del Carmen Tourism Center

Address: VX99+75M, Del
6 Tourist Office
9.7 km from sayak airport
RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING
1 AD Category for Fire Category 7

Fighting
2 Rescue Equipment Aircraft Rescue Firefighting

Vehicles - 2
Paramedic Units - 2
Command Unit - 1
Fire Fighters - 20 (10/shift)
APRONS AND TAXIWAYS
1 Apron Surface and Surface: Concrete

Strength Strength: PCN 79.2 R/B/W/T
2 Taxiway Width, Width: 15 m

Surface, and Strength Strength: PCN 79.2 R/B/W/T
Surface: CONC

AERODROME OBSTACLES
In circling area and at

In approach/TKOF areas
AD
1 2
RWY/ Obstacle Coordinates Obstac Coordinates

Area type le Type
Affected Elevation
Markings/
LGT
a b c a b
RWY Terrain 094447.2N N/A N/A

01/19 1000FT 1255516.6E
LDG/TK
OF
Terrain 093950.1N N/A N/A

1000FT 1255819.6E

940FT 1255546.6E

805FT 1260200.0E

805FT 1260107.4E

790FT 1260304.6E


770FT 1260138.6E

730FT 1260304.6E

730FT 1260334.6E

680FT 1260213.6E

680FT 1255704.6E

640FT 1260107.6E

630FT 1255601.6E

445FT 1260134.5E

205FT 1260109.6E
Cluster of 095202.0N N/A N/A

Trees 1260103.3E
135FT

Trees 1260100.3E
105FT


Trees 1260050.2E
75FT
RUNWAY PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Designa True Dimensions of Surface of the RWY &

tions Bearing Runway SWY
RWY
No.
1 2 3 4
RWY 009.87º 2500 m x 45 m PCN 79.2 R/B/W/T

01 CONC
RWY 189.87º 2500 m x 45 m PCN 79.2 R/B/W/T

19 CONC
DECLARED DISTANCES
RWY TORA TODA ASDA LDA Remarks

Design-
ator
1 2 3 4 5 6
RWY 2500 m 2600 m 2580 m 2500 m w/ Blastpad

19 and Turnpad
RWY 2500 m 2600 m 2580 m 2500 m w/ Blastpad

01 and Turnpad

CHAPTER 6 Emergency Plan
6.0 Emergency Plan
6.10 Fire Department
The operations of the Firefighting Department along with its

firefighters and firefighting equipment are used for the purpose of conducting
emergency response, mitigation, evacuation, and rescue of passengers and
crew. Such emergencies are namely relating to aircraft operations, within the
airport, monitoring of potential fires such as refueling and airport structure,
and involvement in wildlife management. Appropriate training for its
firefighting operations and its specific use for its firefighting equipment and
vehicles.
6.10.10 Fire Fighting Capabilities
In the new Sayak Airport, the Fire Department and

other equipment are located beside the motorpool. The
proposed aircraft category for fire fighting is category 7, it is
simply because the basis for this is the critical aircraft’s overall
length and maximum fuselage width.
The Airport Fire Department includes Rescue

Firefighting Vehicles, which are commonly referred to as ARFF
Units. These vehicles provide the Airport's primary response to
incidents involving aircraft and/or fuel. The two (2) Aircraft
rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicles have the capability of
deploying 1,500 gallons of water and 210 gallons of foam
agents. Additionally, one fire truck is capable of discharging
dry chemicals and clean agents. Paramedic Units, and a
Command Unit. These units respond to structure fires, vehicle
fires, vehicle accidents, building alarms, industrial accidents,

rescue calls, and medical dispatches. There will be two (2)

shifts with 10 personnel per shift.
The table below indicates the Units, Vehicles, and Personnel.
Aircraft
Rescue Paramedic Command
Fire Fighters
Firefighting Unit Unit
Vehicles
20
2 Vehicles 2 Units 1 Unit
(10 per shift)
6.10.20 Equipments in case Disabled Aircraft in the Runway
The types of equipment involved have the responsibility

to assist the appropriate management in ensuring that the
aircraft evacuation is completed as quickly as possible as it is
consistent with the welfare of every person involved and with
the avoidance of further aircraft damage.
Moreover, in cases of emergency such as a need to

remove aircraft wreckage, airline operators are the ones
responsible for removing it. Local sources of equipment and
materials include the presence of Aircraft operators on-site and
each piece of equipment needed may vary depending on the
type of aircraft needed to be removed.

6.20 Police Department
The Airport Police Department oversees the safety and security of

Sayak Airport with goals to integrate and coordinate activities of the
organizational components under its jurisdiction; formulate and develop plans
and policies relative to the provisions of effective security services; and
monitor the effective implementation of the policies, plans, and strategies
pertaining to security activities.
6.20.10 Operation Service/ Patrol Division
Uniformed security personnel in the Patrol Division are

assigned to one of several shifts, consisting of 8 hours per day.
Service hours are provided 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Patrol officers serve as first responders to call theft-related,
accidents, medical concerns, disorderly conduct, and security
violations. They have 10 patrol units to roam all over the
airport with a total of 60 members. They also conduct criminal
investigations and perform traffic enforcement duties. A
lieutenant manages the patrol operation and is responsible for
leading and supervising various patrol shifts.
Lieutenant 1
Total of
Security 60 - -
Personnel
Shift
1 2 3
(8 hours)
20 20 20

6.20.20 Special Operation & Investigation Division
A lieutenant provides direction to this division ensuring

the safety and security of the new Sayak Airport. The division
comprises the Emergency Response Team (ERT) and the
Airport Watch Program. The Airport Watch Program includes
warning signs for airports, informational literature, and
pre-recorded training materials to educate pilots and airport
employees on how the security of their airports and aircraft can
be enhanced.
Personnel in this division investigate suspicious activity

and security violations (presenting false identification when
applying for a badge, attempting to bring weapons or other
prohibited items through a checkpoint) and non-compliance
with Sayak Airport’s security ordinance. They also conduct
vulnerability assessments to ensure security compliance, work
with airport tenants on safety and security issues, and facilitate
improvements. Examples of security violations include
presenting false identification when applying for a badge,
attempting to bring weapons or other prohibited items through
a checkpoint, and non-compliance with Sayak Airport’s
security ordinance. The Lieutenant is responsible for leading
the personnel in the day-to-day activities, managing contract
security services operations, and coordinating all special events
to include dignitary details.
Emergency
Airport Watch
Response Team Total of Officers
Program
(ERT)
8 Officers 2 Officers 10 Officers

6.20.30 Airport Security Division
The civilian Airport Security Coordinator (ASC) is

responsible for keeping the airport security plans up-to-date and
ensuring that all airport employees, tenants, contractors, and
vendors comply with the security directives in place to promote
the safety and security of the airport.
6.20.40 Support Services
Support services provide internal support to the main

business of an organization. Generally, Professional Standards
& Training Division is the support services and club together.
Professional Standards & Training Division
This division is headed by a lieutenant who manages the

department policy creation and updates, staff recruitment,
background investigations of candidates for public safety
positions, planning and oversight of department training, and
coordination of the Field Training Officer (FTO) program.
Moreover, the personnel in this division are the ones
responsible for the management of the airport’s Closed Circuit
Television (CCTV) system, which is a way to improve security
and assist in the resolution of law enforcement issues.

6.20.50 Criminal Investigation Division
A lieutenant supervises the division and oversees the

areas of general and narcotics investigations. They are
responsible for managing and leading the day-to-day activities
of the personnel who work among the two areas. The lieutenant
also has responsibility for Internal Affairs, which involves
investigating incidents and plausible suspicions of professional
misconduct attributed to officers on the force.
6.20.60 General Investigations
In this unit, on-call detectives will interview victims,

suspects, and witnesses, prepare and execute search or arrest
warrants, conduct surveillance, gather evidence, process crime
scenes, prepare cases for a criminal prosecution, interact with
attorneys and judges, testify in court, and secure property and
evidence. On-call personnel(s) will investigate crimes that
violate moral and social conduct as permitted by the law.
Detectives use a variety of advanced technology and tools to
aid them in solving crime such as Magnetic Fingerprinting and
Automated Fingerprint Identification (AFIS). With these
forensic technologies, crime scene investigators, forensic
scientists, and police officers can quickly and easily compare a
fingerprint at a crime scene with an extensive virtual database.

CHAPTER 7 Airport Design Master Plan
7.0 Airport Design Master Plan
TERMINAL BUILDING

DEPARTURE AREA

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER

PARKING

APRON

MOTORPOOL

RUNWAY
BRIDGE

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN

CHAPTER 8 Effects of the Airport
8.0 Effects of the Airport
8.10 Residential or Social
On the development of Sayak Airport, there will be corresponding

improvements in different areas of airport operations that will both benefit the
Aviation Industry and the individuals that will use such services within the
airport and airline operations. However, such improvements will come along
with their own set of risks.
Business and job opportunities will be offered at the airport. Job

opportunities will cover the operations of different amenities and facilities
namely potential cafes, souvenir shops, food stalls, and other convenient
stores.
Noise pollution is known to be one of the most damaging effects in the

aviation field; however, upon the said development of the new Sayak Airport,
noise pollution will be minimal. Noise emitted by the engines of the aircraft
may potentially affect nearby businesses and residences because of the airport
operations. On the relocation of residences, businesses, etc., the relocation of
families that may be potentially affected by airport operations in nearby areas
such as in Brgy. Del Carmen is located 25.14 meters away from the runway
with an area within 5,215 square meters of the said location. Businesses on the
other hand will have similar scenarios with residential areas wherein
relocations will be needed. Compensations for affected residential areas and
businesses will be solved accordingly. For businesses, depending on their type,
they can alternatively be offered to operate at the airport by leasing vacant
areas.
The new Sayak Airport, commonly known as Siargao Airport, is the

main airport serving Siargao Island located in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte,
Philippines. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 20,127. This
represented 3.76% of the total population of Surigao del Norte province or

0.72% of the overall population of the Caraga region. However, the area of the
airport is considerably distanced from the residential area. With that being
said, the airport is technically not crowded and is suitable for expansion and
modification.
The construction of the taxiway and the airport lighting system will
need the acquisition of land as part of the airport's development plan.
Accordingly, the land acquisition under Republic Act. No. 8974 (An act to
facilitate the Acquisition of Right-of-way, site, or location for National
Government Infrastructure Projects and Other Purposes) and its Implementing
Rules and Regulations (IRR). According to the law, the project will be legally
allowed to claim the appropriate land areas, allowing preliminary work to
begin. In the case of privately held land of interest located within the declared
partitions, a corresponding sum based on its market value will be adjusted,
taking into account the law's conclusions.
8.20 Economical Effect

Airports play an important role in a country’s system for it facilitates
tourism and trade. Airports and air travel generate economic growth, provide
jobs, increase revenues from taxes, and foster the conservation of protected
areas. Even before the new Sayak Airport opens, it will make a significant
contribution to the economy by providing jobs such as in the field of
construction and engineering for the renovation of the existing facilities and
buildings of new areas planned for the airport expansion.
Furthermore, by the time that the new Sayak Airport is renovated for
its betterment, an expected increase in the employment rate of the province
will increase since (1) the airport will be operating 24 hours (2) job vacancies
in the airport (3) the development of the more globalized economy.

Siargao Island was recently given a reward naming it as The Best

Island In Asia 2021 by Condé Nast Traveler. Given this fact, the boom of
tourism is highly anticipated. Siargao is a famous tourist hotspot gained from
its majestic sceneries, rich culture, and beautiful locals; expanding the airport
will lead to a more prosperous economy that promotes economic growth and
social side. With the continuous growth within the tourism industry, the profit
generated from the development of Sayak Airport can help alleviate many
social problems in the area, in a way that there would be a new source of
income for them to provide for their family.
More often, developing an airport significantly boosts economic

growth by means of additional job employment, tourism growth, the boom of
local businesses, and the demand for transportation. Naturally, the answer to
the increasing demand will bring in not only tourists but investors who are
willing to expand business in the place. Moreover, the development of a more
globalized economy----serving as a magnet to businessmen to invest in the
airport and around the island, primarily benefit people from various sectors.
Various attractive tourist spots in Siargao are still unknown or unexplored. The
positive outcome of our airport is that those hidden or undiscovered tourist
attractions will become recognized by local and international tourists, and as a
result, Siargao's economy will expand.
As for the negative effects, the redevelopment of Sayak Airport may

experience damage in the environment that surrounds the airport, though the
plan does include the environmental acquisition of the adjacent areas near the
airport, damage to the environment can still bring forth negative impacts with
the economy such as waste disposal. Since the airport will cater to a larger
number of aircraft, wastes that may contain liquid toxins and high-level
chemicals from both the aircraft and within the terminal. Solid wastes may
also pose a threat to the natural environment with the increase of operations
and maintenance activities. Still, in comparison, the redevelopment of the

airport will bring tons of benefits not only to the people working in the airport
but also benefits the region it serves.

CHAPTER 9 Conclusion
9.0 Conclusion
After all of the research done for this project, the researchers concluded that
the proposed renovation of the airport is feasible. Sayak Airport, commonly known as
Siargao Airport, is the main airport serving Siargao Island located in Del Carmen,
Surigao del Norte, Philippines. Siargao Island was recently named as The Best Island
In Asia 2021 by Condé Nast Traveler, henceforth the boom of tourism is highly
anticipated to rise since a lot of tourists (foreign or Filipino) will want to see and
experience the majestic beauty and fun in Siargao. The researchers’ objective is to
show significant improvements that will benefit not only the selected site but also
boost the growth of tourism and increase its economic status. The continuous
recognition of the Island will bring growth to the region especially in this season
where rules and protocols of COVID19 for air travel are moved to low restrictions. To
fulfill the objective, a renovation is highly recommended. Building the new Sayak
airport will maximize the potential and provide better service to the Philippine Nation
for global recognition and economic growth. By maximizing, meaning operating the
airport for 24 hours and transitioning the airport from Class 2 Principal to Class 1
Principal limited to Domestic flights catering propeller-type aircraft up to
narrow-bodied jet aircraft namely the Airbus A321neo as the critical aircraft. As for
the airspace, rebuilt Sayak Airport will retain its airspace class of B. The airport PCN
is PCN 79.2 R/B/W/T. Even so, redeveloping an airport has its ups and downs and it
certainly does not come with an easy price. Not only does it take lots of resources and
materials from conducting a feasibility study to the actual construction of the airport
itself, but also outside factors such as environmental concerns, acquisition of public
and private properties near both ends of the existing runway, and the relocation of
families. With that, the sacrifices made will not be in vain as the redevelopment of the
airport will not only benefit the government but also the people living in Siargao. Job
opportunities from the construction of the airport until the actual operation, those
living in Siargao will surely benefit from the development.

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In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Course

The developers dedicated this feasibility study to the following people:

To our institute, PATTS College of Aeronautics, may they find this as an

CHAPTER 1: Site Selection 6

CHAPTER 3: Developmental Cost 30

CHAPTER 4: Airport Information and Operation 38

CHAPTER 5: Airport Design 58

CHAPTER 6: Emergency Plan 102

CHAPTER 7: Airport Design Master Plan 108

CHAPTER 8: Effects of the Airport 118

CHAPTER 9: Conclusion 122

1.0. Site Selection

Figure 1.1- Top view of the Sayak Airport in Siargao

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

Site 2: H944+FX5, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur (MINDORO AIRPORT-RPUQ)

Site 3: Airport Road, Tacloban City, 6500 Leyte (TACLOBAN

Figure 1.3- Top view of the Tacloban Airport in Tacloban city

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

Screening Criteria Site No. Site No. Site No.

- Suitability for construction

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

- Land Costs, Land value

- Aircraft noise, air

cultural artifacts, historical

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

- Impact on land use

The selection procedure is the last step, in which the researchers

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

Figure 1.4- Top view of the Sayak Airport in Siargao City

1.30.10 Operational Capability

The airspace that we will be using is Class B Airspace.

The proposed airport is surrounded by hills which make

The island Siargao has a tropical rainforest climate

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

degrees and there is about 1,237 mm of rain in a year. It is dry

Figure 1.5 - Highest visible Terrain near Sayak Airport

1.30.20 Capacity Potential

The location of the airport currently occupies 157,238

Siargao is a tear-drop-shaped island in the Philippine

Clay and sandy loam dominate the province's soils. The

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

growth. The soil type in Siargao island is : 80% Bolinao clay,

Figure 1.6- Elevation of Siargao City

The tide is currently falling in Port Pilar (Siargao

Figure 1.7- Tide times for Port Pilar (Siargao Island)

The drainage system used in the airport has the water

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

1.30.30 Ground Access

Sayak Airport is 30.0 km away from General Luna,

1.30.40 Developmental Cost

The estimated value for agricultural land per square

The available utilities are Siargao Electric Cooperative

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

1.30.50 Environmental Consequences

Noise pollution is known to be one of the most

On the relocation of families, there is a need to relocate

Located deep in the Siargao forests and rivers, there are

On endangered plants, we have floras such as fire

There is no historical feature and cultural artifacts as the

PROPERTY OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM

Water runoff from the airport's drainage system flows to

Figure 1.8 - Body of water near the runway of the Sayak

In Siargao, changes to socioeconomic characteristics are