, chapleret® Beokechnology and. its. Applecakion ants, bacteria, fnge omd enimal whose enes, have be, Thhened by monépulalton ane called. genhaliy en modified onganésms Camu) noditied © giatecmolegy has a wéde namge of applecobion suchas: speotechically modified crops Jor agndeul buce {agopranmo-ceckicals + Beonemedtialion . Trenopetch + waste, treabment + Deoqnosticd rEnengy pro ducky “puaceasedL foook . Taaengende ovidwnols, Research anca of Béolechnology > / . Catalyst - proveding, beat cabelyat én the forum of emproved. ongantor usvolly a@ méchobe on pune ent ymne : opkemum condélton ~ To greats pies cardckion for a cobalt to act Uhnough cheme engéneening 3+ Downsinear! prioceasing~ This process Cs ubedl to pueily Prokein on onganée compound. Biolechsnologecal applecakton én agricubburce We can wonk upon the Followeng 3 to éncnease the foocl, prodwetion + i)Agnochemecal. basedl agrtoullune. 8) Ongemec agr'cultune if) Genetically mockited crop boseds agriculbune ; © duxing green nevolukion , focd produckion wos beiplecl Calthoegh mot enough dor. groweng population) due te : use of better management prackices and agnochemial like peskteides a fenklizens Cain factor), use af émpnoved on belten crop vartelies Cup be some extent ) ® 4n developing countny farmer face 2 madre prcblems: 1 Agnochem écals are very expensive fon them « alo agrechemécals © do enycottnmen bal pollukiony 2: Conventional breeding weth émp exesking vaweltes cannot empreve the yéelel « : g- use of genekically amodihed wp provide a Solukon for this problem - Scanned with CamScanner> Pacterda forms role} > Some stein of seul "ud ngc concept modified engnes™s) ! Sy “any ongenio”™ er ange] tone onerel oie lene by mane P akion ¢ berrmeol ay fed organcoms C amo) eodificaen 27 ples of GMO Coenelicolly unfavorable tal, salt, heat mone lodertont bo c slnessed J Craps are mracle 7 Conddeons 0% abeol® ough! eC: 2 | of peal nopesteent crops Chhio reduces the we o peskicecles én fe ) 3. pest hanvest Loose ane reduced . q_menenel wsvege, ae of planks 25 Snereasey cexhausteon ferkilily of sock & 5. Nulxckonal value of food 26 en cneas eal (Bio-fenkhuls A enriched tHece ¢. ants ane also : plants to wake : . cupPly altermalive resource To andusinies én the vam of sch, fool ancl Pharm ; 4. Ghelf Life of food éncneased. e4 Flayr sav tom useful g+ production of usefal commen cially. Thenapeubic producks eg- Henwdlin from Inanagenéc Bnapstco D 7 Brasoce 2B bowimgene, - This ee Fox : ’ i so ureb. én a bacterium Bacillus thwuing éenss and inseetstke Bt box’ en a - # XEN » The toxen ¢5 cocled by a gene, BE gene & expnessecl en genckically : provedey nesiotance, rae a eae plants to ingectecédle, Thay ct ack as béepesl a e need fer, : Snconpe biopesteiole en enconporoled, énky several eno The. Bt gene fon corm /nice/ tomabo / so P Planks, Eg. N bean © pals thal Kes Cordat tre endcs produce prohn cls Eatin corlsin insects such o5 Dep; co buclwonm, army oon) aca Hes) eet led, be. di Scanned with CamScanner» aod aiplenans CIE, smasqueloes_) ecronesm ofaclion >. a pouring panticulax phose of clevelopemen! B thwungeenses, fonm Pprolecn crystal whech conkeén am enseck eedal pratein— 1 toxin prolely This proleen & én Inackve protoxtn foam Peceuee af which the bacteria itself & mot affected put when thes Foxen &s engested by amy inseck {the crystals ane eolubeliseds by the alkaline: ott of gue releasing the Se extn gel ackvated and bend bo the surface of midguk | epithelial cells creating the pores : swells and un fl Youle i Ie Soh of ete lenge bysis srachially Ueacling fo chore ane specthe type of BE Hexen genes founc én Backerium BaciAlus thuringeensis choosing of gene depends vpn the crop & tangeted. pest Cygne - These ame vartous kypes of genes that cede for Bt boxens . example -erytnc onc ysLhb code for proteins that control the cotton BallwormSs - . a-CryTAb cede for protein that control the conn bones peal nesestant plant» , >A nematode Metoedegyne incogncte, infecks the xook of tobacco planls ancl cames cw great neduckon én eel: > Ths enfection was prevented by a snalegy besed on RNA interference CRNAI) ' ) Bin interference CRN) ; , > Hi w method of cellular defense én all eukaryote otigancsms” . > Addition of a complementary dsRNA molecule. —> It binds bo mRNA —> preven kon of lnemslekion 4 Csélencerg of) mRNA) 5 ) > Source uf this Complementany dsRNA molecule by. may be fiom an infection by véruses having RIVA genome. or mobile genelic elements like tnarsPofons thed- nelplecate via. an énten RNA cntermediate > Nemalsole specific genes were introduced énko the host Plant: by using the ‘agrobacterivm vec tons, Scanned with CamScannereee cluced DNA procluced born ee 9 Sh uw sl cells because, of which these & Shag nm a cleuble clnancled RNA Choth ane Complement, to each ether ) + This encliated RNAI and Causes Y specehee MANA of nematode + AS a resus ble le surveve én a bnanagence > Tes enl rw RNA en Lhe he. Silencing ef t errasehe ¢ UR hoot o ~arindstencing /RNP Totenfenencee CANKS) ' mRNA 7 Ara pools) Q| work a No dranulakt on 7 . No plotern Cro expnesdséon) Mechenesm of RNAI one strand of onIit ' ee Unclergoes Transcrupkon dsona . BoRNA . cleuble $f&rel DNA Single standarol RNID * [Ronmal cose | , i Aeth srand of DNA ondlengp Freee rupley dy mRNA dp not exposed én AsRMID SO cb dengo knemglakon amd’ ds DNA GaI5- Bore Sequence, well not be able to un will shay & cytoplosre as ces Roleof dsRNA { inmaonedtits 8 , 5 Crvcespondlin goo RNA Vl Comall_f ments i , of denny san, DicerOeneyrre) rove emeyre én eytoplasm £5 i 7 small fragrmenls of singleghaacb Scanned with CamScanner- mall mone Enzyme wekl ackon these smal Freagrrenl tl cleave hein bese paintings aw de RNP anc we egulll we well get pmall Cnegments of SsRN qpese small frag menls of doRM somewhere show : complementeurly with lhis Connesponding SS RND ude { Bose pouring Boxes ane meskech of Vor ous, negéon on 63 RNA ents Saige onnm fo Trese small Fragments well bendy to senna earth at the, multiple sites whene complimenbary boses ane present: » Asa result, coclon on ssANh will’ be maskect, end such goAnh with maskecl coclons well nol be able to expness on the cytoplasm &a> fines soann 6 of Some harwful pathogen means use have. prevented the. gene. expression by mosheng the harmful’ ANA acl controlled the. patheyen Application én Tobacco lank ) Recegnékion and extraction of disease causing gre én Melidoclegyr€ incognéla. d Genckec manépulakon of this gene +30 thal ébs both oy undergo transcripken én host bedy Clobacco Plant 3) Tnbrodueckton of manipulabedl gene énbo hast body ustng, Aquobactenium 4D the gene, cll express clselP to form chy. mRNA 3) Wheneveru the ponasilee attacks the plank ancl enckale# expression of discene Gustng gene _produein ANE il connespondin dp Bann © Perkabe. ¥ nn silencing ef thes parkour, aman of the_ Doradcte » ‘) se this ony the parontoscle- wel never be able PE. peose andl Gumve en the hest P | produce oli ee ttt be ee ee Scanned with CamScannerA ON otechnolegical Applicakion én Medlécine > . Genbleenby: The By ube of? Recombenqnl DNA technology, cliugs Can be made q 1) Pore tn quankéhy Crass produckon) ) Mone safe asd effeckve thenapevkic de : Fuxthen, the necombinant bhenepeulics dane Indvce, vnuaolel ” immunotegicals responses ab Comman én case of Semélan, preducls ésolated from non-human Sources D 4b present 30 recombinant thenapeukics have been * approvecl fon human use all oven the wonlel In Thdig In of thepe- ane presently being manketedl - genchically Engineered) Trgulin: >> : Earlex Insulin was isolakecl from the pancneas of the slaughtenecl cattle and. pigs This ensulen from amémal Source Cause allengy an other immunolagéal response. in b0me patients wd sbwelwne of Homan tnsuline » Human insulén conseat of 5] aménoacéed anrangecl ch & Polupeplicle, chaén Rand B . chaén # has 21 aminoacid and chacn B hag 30 aminoacid > chain A and) chatn 8 ane lenkecl to each other by disulphecde bond, (s-s tinkage) ° % > Trauten develope from a sonage produc called, proinsulin “whech hos 3 chacn A,B ec 2? C-chaen C33amenoacd, temoved dunicng Conversion Of pro-insubin ‘endo ingulen. Cmatune, hénmone’) r This Process & called, matunakion > The man challenge fow produckon of inguline using noNA Fechnolegy wos gctkng cnguliy, assembled, tnto a makune form a prokaryotes do not’ have Splécing: mechamcsm Cre combina insulin producesl tn E- cole) naa > T™ 1983 Ele Lilly an finercican company prepared’ 2 DNA sepenced connespondiry to pZand. 8 chain of human inulin cond 2 them cn Plosmecls of Ecole tO produce cnaulin chaing: chaies A andB wene Produeed, Seper _ extracted end combined, o4 creaking dasulphide, bond to form human énsulin Scanned with CamScanner4 FT aS = ced Tuli ; preduebion of genelic engene ered osulin foamed weth plasmed weth ergulin argulin ger gee B suboune A subuné b un - ) Ecahi with plasmed A Evolt with plesmedl ‘B y Y. ovations! Akad produckion of insulin pradacleon of eneulin chain chain A cn béoneactor, on beorrecc tor 2 Vv crtnacken of chain, Ebackon of chain B wie) eS af yy : pisulphede bond Brrradton én chain hand B: wi Vv ee Makune ergulin. Gene thenapy eB Gene therapy “m bo I ‘faully-qene’ > Py "means neplace a ene,’ by ay vonamal healthy Onclionab gee nae’ > The finat clenéeab gene thenapy os gore én Iqqobo aw 4 years old) ger! ‘with Adenosine DexminaseADA ) deficency. This enzyme plays emportant rele én tmmune functors 3 This disorder Can be treated by bene. marvtow tnemaplontubion enzyme replacement therapy, €° which ~ Amclional ADA es given to patient by anjeckon Both the thenoptes ane, mot comp) eve, > in gore therapy lymphocytes feo bloocl of potions are ih grown on w farce. , Scanned with CamScanner> t 5 ‘Pfonckonal ADA gene Cuséng a disarmed nebo & then introduced anto these, lymphocytes, which ane subsequently neluwmed fo the yaork. ue > As these. cells ane nol Immortal, the pakent regen ey Periodic enfuston of such genetically Ng rcereol, Aymphocytes > st the gene Con prrodueng Abt.) isolated ftom the, bone manww ¢s aaleotteced, énko the cells of ewely embryo, ADR cefectency can be permanently Cureok Ca) 69 fackerivm Cary’ Genckically Plasmid with eg, disodled “nebraverns formal. human ADA Jere 4 Uoned ADA gore & héhd offen: énconponabed. enko virwy ies oe Teel with disabled Genelec OR gene ealaked From 7 seat. non ScrO —¥ Rekrovenus & Be pokierls © © TedW, inenias Gees OG) @O® POA gere ocetly “ule » O@® erwe ADA gene tb ackive ce ena of sexo] Molecular chagnosts > déagnoses and, the pathophysiology of a disease are, cH mpd don the tneabetnl # the disease « mae of disease &5 not possible by Conventional, Urine and serwm, sleol, blood analyses Such methods detecl pathogen when the hogen & mM a 6 pe high Concentration én bo echnégus tnt can help cr cory clebeckion of disease Qhe ft Scanned with CamScannerFs pecombinant DNA technology CRoT) ? 4 probe (sRna on DNA tagged welh ay nackoackive molecule. és allowed bo hybridize weth bo ibs @mplimentary pn én a clone of cells = This & followed by debeckion wilh aukonaciog “HF the gene &% mubed it well not pe complimentary! bo the probe and hence itwétl not appears on the phokographéc fin a x polymerase chatn Reackon Cper)> per can detec. the pathogens Cbactenias or venus) oF very Low concentnations Y the ampléficakton of nucleic cid even before the developement of symptoms: Few used of pCR: . oper can debect pathogens Cbacterta, on virus) eg: HIV én suspectecl pakient of Ards D pCR Con delect mubakions cn genes én suspec beak patients of cancen- 5 GuT sn) Enzyme linked Trnmuny- sorbent Assay.» >EitSA ts based on the principle ef ankigen antibody neaclion 2 Fefeckion by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigen Cprotedn, glycoprotein etc) on antibody foremecl. against ¢ ' Thamogenée animals - by modéfe cokion of ONA Primal which co fonecqn gene oe Troll ralerial ? ahéch reduce hegh! Mong fnamsgencc anemals havebeen developed example- Tramggencc mece, nabbéls, pig Sheep, Cows, fishes ekc Mone than 95% of exoskng Enaragencc animals ate mece Applécatton of transgenic one es 1) study, of normal phystology ancl developanent > > We con study the “regulation of genes by the help of tromsgenée arémaly 2 We Con abo shordy. how the genes affect the nonmal Scanned with CamScanner_ fonckiors and developement of. the eae 2 example - Study of Trouldin-leke growth Fackore.B indeidbeds me ene, from albert Speacd thed de. the formation and funckion of thes fackoru, we can have mone enformation negancléng the béolegecal, tole of rsulin -lehe growlh fac lors 2» stody of disease —» “Peony tramsgencc animals ane, designed én @ ony thal they make us Understand how the genes Contnibute to a disease amd also We Cen work, on new posscble teat ments: - Deveases fon ewhech the Imangente. model exdsts: a) cancer b) cystic fibnoges ¢)Rheumetoéel avthrile es d) Alzhecmers disease 3) Biological prodwels s 2 For tneakment of ceribacn disease , medicénes Gontacn dome biological, procducls These produds ane usuclly “expensive? \ ? By the use, of tnansgenéc antmals, such peolagical, products ‘can be produced) by éntroduckion of the requéreds gene: Cxample- fs production of ait-ankitnypsén Cured to. tread emphysema) B 8. Treatment of phenylekonunias CPku> and coke fibreo ses ; : C: production of human probecn- enriched mélk by the fersk ‘Tranggente Cow -Rosée én 1997- This mek possesd human é = - protein atpho-lactalbumin and: wos ure Honaly, mone balanced than natunal cow melk for humor babies 4) vaccine safety > : > To test the Safely of batches of vaccine, monkeys one being bed befine. they ane used on human f > use of tromggenée mice may replace the ude of "monkeys for thas purpase v Scanned with CamScannerUp Thanygenéec, mece ane used to test the Safely of poléo vouce’ne a cece tof Nang Cioytery of fly Laing) > This prtocedune e& Sémelar bo thi . , ee Feaking the toxécily of duegs e Procedure applied Tramsgentc animal ik 7 feat Poon tor-tueques cme so pel ues effects of toxén Can be Oblained, én less ime, ee Ethical cooves > The Indian Govt has setup ongance. gexeee Enginecning poprvale eee ee shh make decsions neganeling the validély of geneke amodifeed ee and ‘the safely of énlnoduan genelecally mock feed ongonésms For publec senvices Tres Onganisation also cololnesses the cssve nelakedl to pabents« gevenal attempts havebeen macle bi fonedgn countries bo patent use cond producks of funmenic, neem and Basmati nice 5f we, ane not Wegileok ancl do not émmediakely counter these patent applecations , other fonergn Counlnies may fake undve advantage, of own rich legacy Bio-penacd 2 > Use Of béo-nesowt ces cnol tradéteonal knowledge by onganesakion of foreign, cpepi catia proper euthorisakion From , neveve oar ny and eoeth people without compensatory payment: > trdwstrialised natcons one usually néch Knanci but lack tnaclébonal Knowledge and ane poon én Biockverucly Tn contrast, most of the developing and Underclevelopedt countries ane Ubu néch en tradéKonal Knowleclge cmcl béocliverséty > Tadlequate Compensation on beneRt sharing ond. injuskce & increasing belween developed anol developing cmakions because of which some naktong ane clevelopeng- Jars bo protect the unauthoriseot. exploitakion of then béo-resources. Scanned with CamScanner> Recently Incliam Pevliament has cleared the Secend ‘amendment of the Indian patenks Bill bo bake, ae esses under ened Like ~patent berenis, weehobet Provestons and nescaxch cual development rela coves. Scanned with CamScanner