Citation and Bibliography Options Guide - A.

Strauber
If you are already familiar with MLA, Chicago Manual of Style or another standard format, they
are acceptable in this class for your citations and bibliography. Otherwise, a list of citation
options are listed below.

I) CITATIONS
- If the words or ideas you are using are not your own, you must cite your source. The reader
must be able to go to that source and pinpoint where you took the information from. Failure to
cite your sources could result in an F for the assignment, for the course or possibly even
academic sanctions. Here are 3 options you can use to cite your sources:

A) In the Body - Citation is inserted just after the words or each idea cited. Example:

(Foner, 23)

- In this example, Foner is the author's last name, 23 is the page number.

B) Footnotes - These appear in a numerically ordered list at the bottom of each page of your
paper using the following format (ideally, each italics, comma, period and parenthesis is part of
this format).
1.
Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65.

- Note - If you use the same source but a different page after the initial note, simply use the
author's last name plus the page number. Example:
2.
Doniger 104.

- An example of a newspaper accessed online:

2.
Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Robert Pear, “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote,”
New York Times, February 27, 2010, accessed February 28, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.

- An example of a journal accessed from online database (like JSTOR)

Gwendolyn Brooks. "Henry Dumas: Perceptiveness and Zeal." Black American Literature
3.

Forum 22.2 (1988): 177. JSTOR. accessed 9 March 2009.

- An example of a website

“McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, accessed July 19,
2.

2010, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
C) Endnotes - Exactly the same format as footnotes but they are listed in numerical order
at the end of your paper.

If you have learned MLA, Chicago Manual of Style or any other standard format, it is acceptable
to use in this course - the choice of in the body, footnotes or endnotes still applies. The
important thing is to cite.

II) BIBLIOGRAPHY
Whichever format you choose, sources must also be listed in a bibliography on a separate
page at the end of your paper in addition to your citations. In the format below, sources are
listed alphabetically by the author's last name.

Here is a sample bibliography in Chicago Manual of Style format:

Bibliography
Books

Doniger, Wendy. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1995.

Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History, Volume I to 1877. New York: W.W. Norton,
2009.

Perdue, Theda and Green, Michael D. The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents.
New York: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2005.

Websites

Brooks, Gwendolyn. "Henry Dumas: Perceptiveness and Zeal." Black American Literature
Forum 22.2 (1988): 177. JSTOR. accessed 9 March 2009.

“McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, accessed July 19, 2010,
http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay and Pear, Robert Pear, “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care
Vote,” New York Times, February 27, 2010, accessed February 28, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.

“Strategic Plan, 2000–2010: A Decade of Outreach.” Evanston Public Library.

http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html. accessed June 1, 2010.