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AAIl Adverse Events (AE) and Serious Adverse Events (SAE) that occur during a clinical trial should be
recorded and reported appropriately, to ensure the safety of all trial participants. It is recommended
that a Safety Management Plan is developed during the set-up stage of a trial so that all safety
management procedures are documented. The safety management plan should be aligned with the
type of trial to be conducted, and the risks involved. Ensuring participant safety is a key
responsibility of the investigator.
The first aspect of safety management is the collection of data related to AEs and SAEs, The trial-
specific safety management plan must document the reporting procedures and timelines, The
sponsor must ensure that the roles and responsibilities are clearly delegated and documented.
The key components of a safety management plan are:
+ Roles and responsibilities
Processing and data entry of AE and SAE
Follow-up process for AE and SAE
Causality assessment (investigator and sponsor, both).
+ Safety reporting procedure
Safety Reports
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+ Implications for the monitoring team
+ Compensation in case of clinical trial related injury
According to Chapter VI (page 161), of the New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019, the sponsor or
its representative (who has obtained the permission to conduct the clinical trial), is responsible for
providing financial compensation, if an injury or death has occurred due to any of the following
(during a trial):
+ AE of the investigational product
+ Any procedure involved in the trial
+ Violation of the approved protocol, scientific misconduct or negligence
+ Failure of the investigational product to provide the intended therapeutic effect
+ Use of a placebo, in a placebo-controlled environment
+ AE due to concomitant medication excluding standard care necessitated as part of the
protocol
+ For injury to a child in-utero, because of the parent's participation in a clinical tral
Free medical management should be provided to the participant as long as required, or until it is
established that the injury is not related to the clinical trial. In case the injury or death is related to
the trial, financial compensation must be given according to CDSCO’s rule, over and above any
expenses incurred due to the medical management of the participant. More information about the
compensation formula is available in Chapter VI (page 161) and Seventh Schedule (page 234) of the
New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019.
Safety Reporting
‘The sponsor of a clinical trial is responsible for the ongoing safety evaluation of the investigational
product or study intervention,
Safety reports are submitted to the regulatory agency, the ethics committee, oversight groups, and
the sponsor throughout the lifecycle of a trial. These reports are requested by the respective groups
or committees to ensure participant safety and quality of trial conduct. For instance, at a predefined
frequency, a progress or status report needs to be submitted to the Data and Safety Monitoring
Board (DSMB) and/or safety update to the regulatory agency.
The sponsor of the trial should ensure that these reports are developed and submitted to the
relevant committees and regulatory authority, on time (as applicable).
Adverse Event
‘Any untoward medical occurrence (including 2 symptom or disease or an abnormal laboratory
finding) during treatment with a pharmaceutical product in a patient or a participant, that does not
necessarily have a relationship with the treatment given. It is the responsibility of the investigator to
ensure the medical management of trial participants, for any adverse events. Information about the
Ags is captured as a part of CRF data. Status or progress reports sent to oversight committees
during trial conduct should include information about adverse events in a trial.
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
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In the case of approved pharmaceutical products, Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is a noxious and
unintended response at doses normally used or tested in humans. In the case of new unregistered
pharmaceutical products (or those products which are not yet approved for the medical condition for
Which they are being tested), ADR is a noxious and unintended response(s) at any dose. In clinical
trials, an untoward medical occurrence seemingly caused by overdosing, abuse or dependence, and
interaction with other medicinal products is also considered as an ADR.
‘The sponsor should ensure that sufficient AE and ADR reporting forms available at all clinical sites
before the trial can commence.
se
ious Adverse Event (SAE)
‘An AE of ADR that is associated with death, inpatient hospitalisation (in case the trial or study was
being conducted on out-patients), prolongation of hospitalisation (in case the trial or study was being
conducted on in-patients), persistent or significant disability or incapacity, a congenital anomaly or
birth defect, or is otherwise life-threatening,
Reporting timelines for SAE in India
All SAEs occurring in clinical trials must be reported as per the details provided in Table 5 of the
Third Schedule (page 218) in the New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019. The reporting timelines
mandated by CDSCO are as follows:
+ Itis the responsibilty of the investigator to report all SAE(s) to CDSCO, the sponsor (or its
representative who has obtained the approval from CDSCO), and the Ethics Committee
(EC) — within 24 hours of its occurrence (Initial Report).
+ The sponsor (or its representative), must forward their reports on SAE, after due analysis to
CDSCO, EC, and the head of the institution where the SAE has occurred, within fourteen
calendar days of the knowledge of the occurrence of SAE.
+ The investigator is also required to submit their report on SAE, after due analysis to
CDSCO, EC, and the head of institute (where the SAE has occurred), within fourteen days
of reporting the SAE (Follow-up Report).
+ The EC forwards its report after due analysis and their recommendation on financial
‘compensation (if any) determined in accordance to the formula specified in the Seventh
‘Schedule of the New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019) to CDSCO, within 30 calendar
days of the occurrence of SAE
+ The Central Licensing Authority (CLA), i,e., CDSCO forwards the reports of the investigator,
sponsor or representative, and the EC to the Chairperson of the expert committee.
+ The expert committee (appointed by the DCGI) examines the reports and gives its
recommendations to CLA, within 60 days of receipt of the reports of the SAE. In case of a
clinical trial or BA or BE related death, the expert committee shall also make
recommendations on the quantum of compensation, to be paid by the sponsor or their
representative
+ The CLA makes the final decision on the quantum of compensation to be paid by the
in 90 days of the receipt of the report of the SAE.
‘sponsor or his/her representative
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+ The sponsor or his/her representative shall pay the amount of compensation within 30
calendar days of receiving the order from CLA.
The table below summarises the reporting timelines for SAE:
Reporting by
Investigator
Investigator
and Sponsor
‘Sponsor and
Chairman of
lec
Dec!
Expert
Committee
Timeline (calculated from the time of
occurrence of SAE)
Within 24 hours (intial report)
14 calendar days (analysed report)
30 days (analysed report and recommendation
on financial compensation)
Reports of the investigator, sponsor and ethics.
committee
Within 60 days of receipt of the
(recommendation and
compensation)
report
quantum of
Reporting to
Sponsor, chairman of IEC,
Desi
Chairman of IEC, Head of
Institution, DCGI
Decl
Expert Committee"
Dect
DCGI issues Order for compensation ~ within 90 days of receipt of the report, to the Sponsor
‘The compensation is to be paid within 30 calendar days of receiving the order.
IEC: Institutional Ethics Committee
DCGI: Drugs Controller General of India
*Reporting to Expert Committee - only applicable in the case of SAE of death, The expert
committee is appointed by the DCGI.
‘The prescribed format for reporting SAEs is available in Table 5 of the Third Schedule (page 218), of
the New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019. This document may be used as a template for SAE
reporting.
‘The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has issued a notice regarding the online reporting of
SAEs via the SUGAM portal. In accordance with this notice, investigators, sponsors (CT-NOC holders)
and Ethics Committees shall report all SAEs to the Central Licensing Authority (CLA) i.e,, CDSCO via
the online portal SUGAM, from 14°” March 2021 onwards. In addition, CDSCO has published a User
Manual to help investigators, sponsors and Ethics Committees navigate SUGAM. This manual can be
accessed here. Furthermore, follow up reports of SAEs which have been submitted to the CDSCO in
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the past, shall continue to be submitted via their offline mode. This notice applies to all prospective
SAES.
‘The CDSA team has prepared the following documents referencing the User Manual developed by
CSCO, Please consider the following points, before referencing these documents:
*+ Follow-up reports of already submitted SAE(s) are to be submitted via the offline mode i.e.,
not via the SUGAM portal
+ Clinical trials that have been approved via the SUGAM portal, ie., the No Objection
Certificate for the clinical trial was received via the SUGAM portal are referred to as ‘Online
nical Trials’. Sponsors are advised to follow relevant sections of the user manual since
the steps to be followed are different for submitting SAE(s)
+ Clinical trials that have been approved by the DCGI via the offline mode, ie, the No
Objection Certificate for the clinical trial was not received via the SUGAM portal, are
referred to as ‘Offline Clinical Trials’. Sponsors are advised to follow the relevant sections of
the user manual for submission of SAE(s).
Online Clinical Trials:
Site
Sponsor Add Site Investigator >, Initiate SAE S
Registration Investigator aspen alot 7 Reporting
Offline Clinical Trials:
Registration \ Documents to Registration
Investigat ;
Sponsor Registration > vestigate cetimain > “esa centimaton > sae aporing
The following documents have been prepared for easy reference:
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+ Useful links & information
+ Sponsor Registration
+ SAE Reporting for Online Clinical Trials
+ SAE Reporting for Offine Clinical Trials
SUSAR (for global clinical trials):
In the case of global clinical trials, or trials with an international sponsor, the investigator will also be
required to report Serious Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction (SUSAR) in a format prescribed by
the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). The CIOMS working group
has published guidelines and the prescribed format, which can be accessed here. This is also known
as expedited safety reporting in clinical trials. The ICH E2A recommend the following timeframes:
+ For fatal or life-threatening Unexpected ADRs: Fatal or life-threatening unexpected ADRs
‘occurring in clinical investigations, qualify for very rapid reporting. The regulatory agencies
must be notified within 7 calendar days after first knowledge, by the sponsor, followed by a
complete report within the next 8 days (ie., 15 days after first knowledge of event)
+ All other serious, unexpected ADRs: Serious, unexpected ADRs that are not fatal or lfe-
threatening, must be filed within 15 calendar days after first knowledge of the sponsor, that
the case meets the criteria for expedited reporting
‘The minimum criteria for reporting and the format (data elements for inclusion in expedited reports)
are available in ICH E2A.
References, resources and further reading
+ New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules, 2019, G.S.R, 227(E), Central Drugs Standard Control
Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, available online (last accessed on
03.04.2019).
+ More information about Serious Adverse Events on CDSCO’s website, last accessed on
26.02.2019.
+ Good Clinical Practices for Clinical Research in India, Central Drugs Standard Control
Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2001, available online (last accessed
‘on 26.02.2019).
+ ICH Harmonised Guideline, Integrated Addendum to ICH E6(R1): Guideline for Good
Clinical Practice £6(R2), current step 4 version, dated 9% November 2016, available online
(last accessed on 26.02.2019).
+ Format for Serious Adverse Event Reporting in Biomedical Health Research, published by
the Indian Council of Medical Research, 2018, available online (last accessed on
26.02.2019),
+ Management of safety information from clinical trials, Report of CIOMS working group IV,
2005, available online (last accessed on 26.02.2019).
+ Format for Serious Adverse Event Reporting in clinical trials, published by the Indian
Council of Medical Research, 2018, available online (last accessed on 26.02.2019).
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+ MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London SOP for Safety Management, version
8.0, 2017.
+ Gogtay, N. J., Ravi, R. & Thatte, U. M., Regulatory requirements for clinical trials in India:
What academicians need to know, Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2017, version 61,
number 3, pages 192-99, available online (last accessed on 26.02.2019)
+ Lahiry, S., Sinha, R., Choudhury, S., Mukherjee, A., Chetterjee, S., Paradigm shift in clinical
trial regulations in India, Indian Journal of Rheumatology, 2018, version 13, pages 51-55,
available online (last accessed on 14.03.2019)
+ ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and
Standards for Expedited Reporting, E2A, current step 4 version, dated 27'* October 1994,
available online (last accessed 13.03.2019).
Key Components
1, Trial Planning
Trial Design
. Sponsorship
Funding
. Internationally Funded Trials
Trial Set
Protocol Development
Essential Documents
+ Case Record Form
+ Informed Consent Documents
+ Investigator's Brochure
+ Trial Master File
+ Laboratory Related Documents
9 Risk Management
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