donot have equal widths, of the region bounded by the graph ‘Pand the axis for 0 sy = 1 4.3. Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals. 271 "= Understand the definition of a Riemann sum, | Evaluate a definite integral using limits. '™ Evaluate a definite integral using properties of definite integrals. Riemann Sums In the definition of area given in Section 4.2, the partitions have subintervals of equal ‘width. This was done only for computational convenience. The following example shows that it is not necessary to have subintervals of equal width, EXAMPLE og A Partition with Subintervals of Unequal Widths Consider the region bounded by the graph of f(x) = /¥ and the x-axis for < x < 1, as shown in Figure 4.17. Evaluate the limit im, 3 Fle) Ax, here cis the right endpoint ofthe partition given by c, = i2/n? and Ax, isthe width ofthe ith interval Solution given by Ax, So, th init tn Sroan= ie 3 JES tas, eri im, 4 + ice + 2) tim 4224 3n? =n eT Gn 2 3 a] From Example 7 in Section 4.2, you know that the region shown in Figure 4.18 has an area of }. Because the square bounded by 0 < x = land 0 0 implies that n > oo. The converse of this statement isnot true. For example, let A, be the patton of the interval [0,1] given by 14 2 Soe 0 4 As shown in Figure 4.19, for any positive value ofn, the nom ofthe partition 4, i ‘n> 20 does not imply that | 0. So, leting n approach infinity does not force | to approach 0. In a regular partition, Figure 4.19 however, the statements | > 0 and n oo are equivalent43° Riemann Sums and Definite integrals 273, Definite Integrals To define the definite integral, consider the following limit. ‘To say that this limit exists means there exists a real number L such that for each © > O there exists a 8 > 0 so that for every partition with || < 6 it follows that | - Spe)as| 6 10 Bice 12 52. Find possible values of a and b that make the statement tue. If possible, use graph to support your answer. (There ‘may be more than one correct answer.) © fre fra © [toes frre @ f cosxa [noe fa)ae= | falar CHa In Exereises $3 and 54, use the figure to fill in the blank with | the symbol <,>, oF =. 53. The interval [1,5] is panttioned into subintervals of equ width x, and, isthe left endpoint of the ith subinteva Dyaar i, fs) ds ‘84, The interval [1, 5) is partitioned into n subintervals of equa ‘width x, and s isthe right endpoint of the ith subintera, Zyovar [row 55. Determine whether the function f(x on the interval [3, 5]. Explain, 6. Give an example of a function that is integrable on the interval [—1, 1], but not continuous on [= 1 1 In Exercises 57-60, determine which value best approximates the definite integral. Make your selection on the basis of sketch, on [ vie @5 3 © @2 ws 4 @f © @m® w-s o. [2m ae @s @f of ws 60. for we @-3 9 w27 wsapproximations of the Integral, where, is the en the midpoint M(n), and the right-hand fat (a) ofeach subinterval. In Exercises 61-64, use the '~10, determine whether the ment is true or false. If it is false, explain why or give an that shows its false. te norm ‘of a partition approaches zero, then the number of "subintervals approaches infinity. Ufis increasing on (a,b), then the minimum value of f(x) on [ad]is Theale of [ls dr st be positive FR Te vale off sn 2) dei 0 Find the Riemann sum for f(x) 108) were 3e over the interval 0.) = hay = 3.x = 7, and x, = 8, and c= Sande, = 8. Figure for 72 43° Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals 281 72. Find the Riemann sum for fix) (0.22), where x =0, x, 1 = 2a, and where eg = 32/2 sin over the interval w/4, a= 9/3, x= m, and 1/6, cy = 2/3, ¢, = 2/3, and 73. Prove [= 74, Prove that [Pee 78. Think About It Determine whether the Dirichlet function 1, xis rational fis) = re) iB -is irrational is imegrable on the interval (0, 1]. Explain 76. Suppose the function fis defined on (0,1), as shown in the figure. (0, fis) = 41 ‘Show that Jj f(x) dx does not exist. Why doesn’ this contradict Theorem 4.4? ‘71. Find the constants a and 6 that maximize the value of Epa your exsning 7, Eva, pos, eine [fel 79. Determine in Sree stes cee by using an appropriate Riemann sum, eS 80. For each continuous function fi [0,1]-+, let | = fester and Ja) = eves ied ae ‘maximum value of 1(/) ~ J(f) overall such functions f The Maton) Merten of meee Avge ome