MODULE 4
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE TRAINING
Disaster
- is a severe event
- Causes damage to: infrastructure,
economy, society, human health
- requires external assistance
- is a serious disruption of the
functioning of society, causing
widespread human, material or
environmental losses that exceeds the
local capacity to respond, and calls for
external assistance [WHO,
Department of Humanitarian Affairs]
- it can result from natural hazards.
Hazard
- any source of potential harm that
may cause loss of life, injury, or other
health impacts, property damage, loss
of livelihoods, and services, social
and economic disruption or
environmental damage.
Disaster Epidemiology
- is the use of core public health
capabilities to
1. Assess the needs of affected
populations and provide timely and
accurate health information to
decision makers, and
2. Identify risk factors and improve
prevention and mitigation strategies
for future disasters.
NDRRMC
- The National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council,
formerly known as the National
Disaster Coordinating Council
(NDCC), is a working group of
various government, non-government,
civil sector and private sector
organizations of the Government of
the Republic of the Philippines
established by Republic Act 10121 of
2010.
- It is administered by the Office of
Civil Defense (OCD) under the
Department of National Defense
(DND).
Primary Goal: To prevent or reduce
the morbidity and mortality resulting
from a disaster
Morbidity: the condition of suffering
from a disease or medical condition.
Mortality: the state of being subject
to death
- Epidemiologic knowledge can also
identify specific risk factors
associated with different types or
disasters. Such identification can help
develop effective strategies for
mitigating the effects of disasters in
the future. Such data can also inform
the design of early warning systems
and the development of targeted
training and education programs.
Disaster Cycle
Preparedness
- includes the development of plans
designed to save lives and to
minimize damage when a disaster
occurs
- Preparedness plan should be
developed based on the identification
of potential disasters and the related
risks associated with those disasters
- when possible, this should include
hazard mapping to specify locations at
high risk for specific disasters
- Indonesia, New Zealand, Papa New
Guinea, Philippines, Japan, United
States, Chile, Canada, Guatemala,
Russia, Peru, Solomon Islands,
Mexico and Antarctica. [top 15
countries in Pacific Ring of Fire]
- this phase should also include an
inventory of available resources to
respond to a potential disaster.
Response
- this phase is the actions taken to
save lives and prevent further damage
in a disaster.
- this begins immediately after a
disaster has struck
- it includes providing first aid and
medical assistance, implementing
search and rescue efforts, restoring
transportation and communication
networks, conducting public health
surveillance, and evacuating people
who are still vulnerable to the effects
of the disaster.
Recovery
- immediate needs of the disaster are someone believed to be in disasters,
addressed and the emergency phase lost, sick or injured either in a remote
ends, the focus of the disaster efforts or difficult to access area.
shifts to recovery
Basic Key Steps of SAR
- it includes the actions taken to return
the community to normal following a 1. Size Up
disaster.  Involves assessing the
situation and determining
- proper care of dead bodies is what one is going to do
necessary to help minimize the and if yes, then how the
psychosocial effects on families. decision whether to
Documenting the cause of death, attempt a rescue should
manner of death, and relationship to be based on:
the disaster is important to better o The risks involved.
understand the human health effects o Achievement of
of a disaster. the overall goal of
doing the greatest
Mitigation good for the
- it is the sustained action or greatest number.
development of policies that reduce or
eliminate risk to people and property 2. Search
from a disaster.  Involves locating victims
and documenting their
- During this phase, identified risks location.
and population vulnerabilities are
carefully reviewed to develop 3. Rescue
strategies to prevent reoccurrence of  Involves the procedures
the same type of disaster in the future and methods of
or limit the effect from such disasters. extricating and moving
victims to safety.
Search & Rescue (SAR)
- it is defined as an operation Water Rescue
conducted by emergency services, - Philippines has a long coastline and
often well-trained volunteers, to find a large number of water bodies.
During Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy) of
September 2009 and Typhoon Hyain
(Yolanda), 95% of the deaths were
due to the storm surge. Hence, water
rescue is an important element of the
community search and rescue.
Drowning
- a silent killer. People who are
drowning may not be able to call for
help because they are using all their
energy to breathe or to keep the head
above the water.
- Furthermore, as water is introduced
into the respiratory tract, the airway
may go into a spasm, making it
difficult to cry for help.
Alert!
- Be alert for signs which indicate that
someone is drowning
 A person in the water flailing
his or her arms.
 Displaying uneven swimming
motions
 Lying face down in the water
 Only the head showing above
water with the mouth open
How to do Water Rescue
1. Reach
 This is the safest method
of helping a victim get
out of water but has
limited application due to
the fact that the victim
must be in close range to
the rescuer.
 It is important to crouch
down low or lie flat with
the ground to prevent
being pulled in.
2. Throw
 A rope is the best here,
using a rope means you
can pull the victim back
to the shore or back to
the boat with relative
ease.
 Otherwise throw an
empty plastic gallon, a
ball or other buoyant
objects; this will help the
victim keep afloat until
further help comes.
3. Row
 If you’re in a boat or
have access to a nearby
boat, use to oars to move
the boat closer to the
person in the water or
call out to a nearby boat
for help.
  It is important that you shore or the nearest safe
should consider to make point.
allowances for the water
conditions.  If the victim is
 Do not try to pull the unconscious you may
victim on a board in case need to tie the victim to
of panic and capsize the yourself.
boat. Instead pass a rope
to the victim and tow the Floating devices using Local
victim back to the shore. Resources
1. A set of plastic bottles
4. Swimming 2. Gallons
 Use of swimming to 3. Bamboo: best thing to use for a
rescue a victim from raft
water is extremely
dangerous; hence, utmost Fire Rescue
care is important.
Basic Principles
 Currents below the 1. Only fight a fire or attempt a
surface and extremely rescue if the fire is small and
cold water can take over contained
even the most competent 2. If you are safe from toxic
swimmers smoke
3. If you have means of escape
5. Towing
 It requires a rescuer to be Types of Fire
an extremely strong
swimmer and must not 1. A fire that is burning from
be attempted by anyone wood, rubbish, paper and other
who is not. ordinary materials

 If conscious you can ask 2. Fires that involve flammable

the victim to hold the liquids such as gasoline, petrol,
rope or vine while you and paint
swim him back to the
 4. Fires that are burning from
combustible metals such as
magnesium

5. Fires stemming from

animal/vegetable fats, etc.

Categories of Fires
!! WRONG CHOICE OF FIRE

3. Fires that involve electrical

equipment, transformers and

electrical appliances
EXTINGUISHER CAN BE
DEADLY !!

Parts of Fire Extinguisher

- Fire extinguishers if used properly
can a very effective life saving tool.
Check for following symbols on the
label of fire extinguisher.

Steps on Using It
1. Pull the pin
2. Aim the nozzle
 3. Squeeze the lever
4. Sweep side to side
Traditional Fire Fighting
Techniques
1. Hook & Flat
 Hooks can be used for
demolishing, shifting,
and removing an object
 To make a hook, firmly
tie a two and half feet
long iron hook to a 10 to
15 feet long strong
bamboo with copper
wire. The width of the
iron hook should be 6 to
6.5 inches.
2. Gunny Bags & Sand Filled
Buckets
 It can be used for
firefighting.
 These are easily available
everywhere.
3. Fire Swatter
 It is handy tool to fight
fire.
 It can be made by tying
at least five pieces of two
and half feet long old pvc
pipe with copper wire or
by putting nails or by
grasping the baskets at
the top of three and half
feet long stick or
bamboo.
Alert in case you Catch Fire
1. STOP: panic will only make
the situation worse
2. COVER: cover your face
without any further delay
3. DROP: drop down on floor
without causing pain
4. ROLL: roll on your sides to
extinguish fire.
Collapse Structure Rescue
- Wherein people are trapped below
the fallen structures and their
condition will vary from minor injury
to unconsciousness.
Key Considerations
1. Damaged houses and other
structures facilities should only
be approached from the least to
dangerous side
2. When searching for casualties,
do not walk over rubble. If not
necessary, do not enter
collapsed houses and other
structures, do not walk or stay
 near badly damaged and
collapse-prone structures.
3. When entering a collapsed
structure, leave 1 person
outside for safety.
4. While surveying indoor space
in buildings, do not use open
fire for lighting.
5. Always check the ceiling when
entering a room for hazards
6. Do not allow many people to
gather in one spot, in shafts, or
floors.
7. Do not go near collapse-prone
walls or other constructions.
8. Move very carefully over
structures ruins as they are
unstable heaps of unconnected
fragments
9. When removing rubble from
ruins, do not permit abrupt
jerks, shaking, or strong blows
at the site
10.When dismantling or clearing
ruins, first drag away or
extinguish any smoldering or
burning objects.
11.Open the doors of burning
rooms very cautiously, be
aware of possible flames or hot
gas ejection
12.In burning spaces, move by
bending low or else on your
knees. Try to stay near
windows, making it possible to
get quickly out of the danger
zone if needed.
13.Large concentrations of carbon
monoxide gas are possible in
the basements of burning
houses. Only enter these areas
after a long period of
ventilation.
14.If there are electric power
cables at the excavation site,
use metal spades and picks very
cautiously in order to avoid
electrical shock
15.If an electrical cable is
discovered, suspend it, in order
to avoid further damage or
tearing, do not step on cables
Rescue using Leveraging & Box
Cribbing
1. Lever Person
 At the front edge of the
collapsed wall and
 positioned so that he or
she can position a
fulcrum and lever under
the wall
2. Crib Person
 On either side of the
collapsed wall and
positioned to enable the
placement of cribbing as
the wall is raised with the
lever
3. Victim Removal Person
 Next to the crib person
who is closest to the
victim’s head
Three Steps for Building Box
Cribbing
1. Position two pieces of wood
parallel to each other on either
side of collapse
2. Place two pieces of wood
perpendicularly across the base
pieces
3. Add additional layers of wood
with each perpendicular to the
previous level
Landslide Rescue
- When there is warning to the local
population about landslide threat,
evacuation of population, livestock
and property to safe areas should be
organized.
What should a volunteer do?
1. Warn everyone in the area
about the danger
2. Direct people to the safe areas
based on the most probable
landslide of mudflow location
and direction, the safest places
are determined as mountain
stops and hills, which are not
predisposed to landslides.
3. When going uphill to safe
places, one should not follow
valleys, gorges, or ditches, as
these might become channels of
the landslides.
4. Help the ill, the elderly, the
handicapped, children, and the
weak along the way.
What to do if people are on a moving
landslide?
1. Leave building and move down
hill
2. If the landslide slows down, be
aware of rocks earthen masses,
or other debris, still rolling
down.
3. Bear in mind that, at high
speed, when the landslide
 finally stops, a strong jolt is
possible Steps to Follow during emergency
4. When landslides over, make 1. Check
sure there is no threat of second  Before rushing to
one and only after that, someone’s aid make sure
cautiously assist people back to the area is safe. That
their home. means there is no heavy
traffic
Emergency rooms
- provide care to people suffering
injuries ranging from a sprained ankle
to a heart attack – and they are staffed 2. Call
with doctors, nurses, and medical  If the area is safe, check
experts who handle a variety of the person to see what’s
conditions wrong. Then call 911 or
ask an adult for help
Trauma Centers
- for patients with the most extreme 3. Care
injuries  Once you’ve called for
help, you can offer to
Warning signs of Stroke help the person by giving
- Face drooping on one side first aid.
- Arm weakness on one side
- Speech jumbled, slurred or lost Sudden Collapse (Witness arrest)
- Time to call 911 1. Call 911
2. Push hard & fast
Signs of Choking
- often happens while eating/drinking CPR (Cardio Pulmonary
- Mild: partially blocked airway; will Resuscitation)
say “yes” (soft)/ squeaking sound; can
cough Chest compressions
- Severe: completely blocked airway; 1. Adult: 2 inches
will be distressed and nod yes 2. Child: 2 inches
emphatically 3. Infant: 1.5 inches (below the
nipple line)
High quality CPR (push hard and
push fast to the tune of staying
alive)
Covid-19 and adult CPR
If an adult’s heart stops and you’re
worried that they may have covid 19,
you can still help by performing
hands-only CPR
Step 1: Phone 911 and get an
AED (Automated External
Defibrillator)
Step 2: Cover your own mouth
and nose with a face mask or cloth.
Cover the person’s mouth and nose
with a face mask or cloth
Step 3: Perform hands-only
CPR (push hard and fast on the center
of the chest at a heart rate of 100 to
120 compressions per minute
Step 4: Use an AED as soon as
it is available
Covid-19 and child and infant CPR
(If a child or an infant’s heart stops
and you’re worried that they may
have covid-19, you can still help
Step 1: Make sure the scene is
safe (check to see if the child or infant
is awake and breathing normally)
Step 2: Shout for help (If
you’re alone, phone 911 from a
cellphone, perform CPR with 30
compressions and then 2 breaths for 5
cycles, and get an AED) If help is
available, phone 911. Send someone
to get an AED while you start CPR
Step 3: Provide CPR with
compressions and breaths (if you’re
willing and able)
-Start child CPR (push on the
middle of the chest for 30 times at a
depth of 2 inches with 1 or 2 hands.
Provide 30 compressions and then 2
breaths. Repeat cycles
- Start infant CPR (push on the
middle of the chest 30 times at a depth
of 1 ½ inches with 2 fingers. Provide
30 compressions and 2 breaths.
Repeat cycles
Use the AED as soon as it arrives.
Continue CPR until EMS arrives
CHOKING
Universal sign of choking
- Hands clutching the throat
- (for infant) crying without a
sound
The Heimlich Maneuver
- Position thumb side of fist 1’’
above naval and well below the
sternum
- Thrust first inward and upward
- Stop occasionally to check
victim and your technique
The motion of the Heimlich
maneuver raises the diaphragm,
causing the lungs to compress.
This compression forces air out
of the lungs at a high enough
pressure to expel the object
(For infants) 5 back slap, 5 chest
thrust
What if you’re alone and you
suddenly choke?
Alert Make sure fixture is
stable and safe
FIRST AID – provision by a
layperson (a bystander or the
victim himself) of immediate care
to a victim of the injury or illness,
usually performed within a limited
skill range and with a minimal or
no medical equipment
First aid and the law
Legal and ethical issues concern
all first aiders
Minimize the risk of lawsuit by:
1. Obtaining consent
2. Following training guidelines
3. Explaining any first aid you are
about to give
4. Staying with the victim until
care is turned over to another
experienced first aider or EMS
According to the article 12 no. 4
of act no. 3815 of the Philippine
revised penal code book one: “any
person who, while performing a
lawful act with due care, causes an
injury by mere accident without
fault or intention of causing it” is
exempt from criminal liability.
Wound- is a physical injury
involving a break in the layers of
the skin. Wounds are typically
classed as either:
Closed wound/Open wound
Closed wound- involves the
underlying tissue without a break or
damage in the skin
Causes – impacts or blows
from blunt objects result in
contusions or bruises. Application
of external forces such as motor
vehicle accidents and falls
 - Contusion/Hematoma/ 4. Tourniquet (last resort)
Bruise
Stage 1- Reddish DISLOCATION – a displacement or
Stage 2- Purple separation of a bone from its normal
Stage 3- blueish position at a joint
Stage 4- yellowish
- Sprain - - Should do Immobilization
- Strain FRACTURE – a break or disruption
in bone tissue
RICE:
Rest the injured area for 48
hours
Ice for 20 minutes at a time,
4-8 times per day
Compress to help reduce
swelling
Elevate the injured limb 6 to
10 inches above the heart

Open wound- has a break in the skin,

can be as minor as a scrape of the
surface layers or as severe as a deep
penetration
- Amputation, Avulsion,
Puncture, Abrasion,
Laceration

HOW TO STOP WOUND

BURNS – A special kind of soft
BLEEDING
tissue injury. Burns account for about
1. Direct pressure using
25% of all soft tissue injuries. Burns
gauze/cloth
break the skin and causes infection,
2. Pressure bandage
fluid loss and loss of body
3. Elevate injured area
temperature control
 - Ingestion
Types of Burns: - Inhalation of particles and
Superficial – painful, no gases
edema, redness, blanches with
pressure
NATIONAL POISON
Partial Thickness – blistered,
MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
moist, painful
CENTER
Full thickness – dry,
discolored, no pain

The severity of burns depends on: WEBINAR ON TSUNAMI

- The temperature of the
source
- The length of the exposure
to the source
- The location of the burn
- The extent of the burn
- The victim’s age and
medical condition
REMEDY:
- Cool (run lots of cool
running water over the burn
for 20 minutes)
- Call (call for medical help)
- Cover (cover the burn with
loose strips of clingfilm or
clean fluffy material to stop
it getting infected
POISONING how does poisons enter
the body?
- Dermal uptake
PREPAREDNESS
- The 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake and
tsunami took place on August 17 at
00:11 local time near the islands of
Mindanao and Sulu, in the
Philippines.
- Its magnitude was calculated as
being as high as 8.0 on the moment’s
magnitude scale.
- One of the most affected place is
Pagadian City.
Interview part - Josephine Villarte -
Survivor
- Around 1000 dead people were
found.
UNDERSTANDING TSUMAMI
HAZARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES:
STRENGTHENING INDIVIDUAL
AND FAMILY CAPACITIES
Speaker:
Dr. Renato U. Solidum, Jr. –
Undersecretary, Department of
Science and Technology; Office-in- - /Soo-naa-mee - Japanese
charge, Philippine Insititute of - “harbor waves” o “alon sa pantalan
Volcanology and Siesmology - sea waves, small to large,resulting
from disturbance of seawater by
RECENT LARGE EARTHQUAKES various geologic processes
IN THE PHILIPPINES:
1. 1968 August 02 Casiguran Tsunami Generation (4 major processes)
Earthquake  Earthquake
3. The 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake
 Volcanic Eruption
and tsunami – taas ng tsunami ay 9
 Landslide
meters, dumating ang unang alon 2- 5
 Meteor Impact
minutes after the earthquake, and
around 8,000 deaths.
Earthquake Related Tsunami
Because of this, they developed the
* not all earthquakes generate a
National Coordinating Council in
tsunami
1978.

7. 1994 M:7.1 Mindoro- taas ay 8

meters, dumating ang unang alon mga
5 minutes, and 41 deaths.

* di ko makuha yung 12 na yon pero

yung naka bold is important daw.

TSUNAMI: ORIGIN
CHARACTERISTIC AND
IMPACTS To generate a tsunami:

TSUNAMI  The earthquake generator

where the earthquake occurs
 must be underneath or near the
ocean
 Cause vertical movement of the
seafloor (up to several meters)
 Shallow focus earthquakes
(depth less than 70km)
Tsunami vs. Tidal wave
Propagation- mag-t-travel and yung
bilis ng travel ay depende sa lalim ng
seafloor.
Inundation- pagbaha ng dalampasigan
at papunta sa land.

Tidal wave – is the wave motion of TSUNAMI GENERATION along

the tides. A tidal wave is a shallow TRENCHES
water wave caused by the
gravitational interactions between the
sun, moon, and earth.

Tsunami vs. Storm surge

Storm surge- sudden increase in sea

water level associated with the
passage of typhoons; typically driven
by strong winds. Ex. Yolanda (2013)
TSUNAMI PROPAGATION
Stages of Tsunami

Generation- pag-angat ng ocean floor

or pagsabog ng bulkan, landslide, or
meteor impact Tsunami Inundation
- the horizontal distance inland that a
tsunami penetrates
Topography: the forms and features of
land surface.
*Typically, kung saan may ilog and
flat mas papasok ang tsunami.
Landcover: surface roughness
- grassland, areas covered with
buildings, areas densely covered with
forest.
Tsunami Facts
- A tsunami consists of series of
waves. The first wave may not be the
largest. The danger from a tsunami
can last for several hours after the
arrival of the first wave.
Tsunami Accounts:
The 1976 Moro Gulf Tsunami
Descriptions:
 3 or 4 waves (there was
more than 1 wave)
 1 to 5 minutes interval
 Maximum inundation = 2 km
 Maximum water recession
(with sucking sound) = 2km
 Tsunamis can travel up rivers
that lead to the sea and
overflow on riversides.
Tsunami Facts and Hazards
- Some tsunamis can be very large,
and they cause impacts like floods.
Waves can be full of debris.
*You cannot swim through a tsunami
like in normal sea waves!
- the force of some tsunami is very
strong. Large rocks, boats and other
debris can be moved inland and can
kill and injure people.
PHILIPPINES PRONE TO
TSUNAMIS
Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the
Philippines
- Around 100 destructive earthquakes,
41 local tsunamis have occurred in
past 400 years
Earthquake Generators in the
Philippines
 East Luzon Trough
 Philippine Trench
 Manila Trench
 Palawan-Mindoro Collision
Zone
  Negros-Sulu Trench
 Cotabato Trench
 Philippine Fault
 Many other active faults (e.g.
Valley Fault System, Lubang,
Tablas, Casiguran at Mindanao
Fault)

TSUNAMI PRONE AREAS

Types of Tsunami
 Local (near-field) tsunami –
generated within the
Philippines; Lead time for first
wave 2-10 minutes to an hour.
 Distant (far-field) tsunami –
generated outside of the
Philippines – more than 1 hour
to
*have pictures that are not clear
TSUNAMI EXPERIENCES AND
TSUNAMI SCENARIOS
Historical Tsunamis in the
Philippines
 41 confirmed tsunamis
events based on historical
accounts and earthquake
events from 1828 to 2012

The 1960 Great Chile Earthquake

(Magnitude 9.5) and Tsunami

 The tsunami waves arrived

in the eastern Philippine
 shores 24-26 hours after the tsunamis. Study hazard
earthquake. maps. (available on
 Tsunami heights of 6 meters PHIVOLCS website,
reported by eyewitnesses in HazardHunterPH etc.)
eastern shoreline of Samar
Island 2. Understand the tsunami
 The tsunami waves reached warning system and
height of 1 meter in natural signs of a
Tacloban, Leyte based on possible tsunami (107-
tide gauge records. station network, Se level
monitoring network,
TSUNAMI SCENARIOS IN THE Philippine tsunami
PHILIPPINES information)

- Maximum credible earthquake

models are based on the historical
tsunamigenic earthquake events and
the maximum credible earthquake
from the trenches based on its
segmentation.
M8.2 Earthquake from Manila Trench
Estimated Tsunami Height in
Manila
Bay:
 3.5 meters (mean sea level)
 5.5 meters (+ 2m from tide)
 2.7 km inundation
Arrival Time:
 1 hour
NATURAL SIGNS OF AN
IMPENDING LOCAL TSUNAMI
SHAKE – makaramdam ng malakas
na lindol, at
DROP – napansin ang kakaibiang
pagbabago sa antas ng tubig-dagat
(kadalasan ay biglang pagbaba o mina
ay pagtaas), o
ROAR – nakarinig ng kakaibang
tunog tulad ng dagundong ng
papalapit na alon

PREPARING FOR TSUNAMIS Agad na LUMIKAS patungo sa

maatas na lugar o papalayo sa dagat!
1. Know areas that can be
affected and safe from
 3. Develop an earthquake
and tsunami STRENGTHENING LOCAL
preparedness and CAPCITY: TSUNAMI
evacuation plan.
PREPAREDNESS AND
Conduct/participate in
RESPONSE
drills.
(earthquake/tsunami go
bag)
Operation Listo
Establishment of community-based
early warning system for tsunamis * not said in the webinar
and conduct tsunami preparedness
drills in communities - Listo or Operation Listo
is an. advocacy initiated by the
 Evacuation plans and maps Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG) through the
 Signage installation
Local Government Academy in
 IEC seminars
building and/or strengthening the
 Community Drills
alertness and readiness of the Local
Government Units (LGUs) in
Establishment of Community-based
responding to disasters.
EWS for Tsunami

PROGRAM COMPONENTS
 Sufficient road networks &
paths to elevated areas with
1. DILG Government Community
tsunami signage.
2. Listong Pamahalaang Lokal –
Establishes local protocols for early
4. Protect corals and
warning, preparedness, response
mangroves. Plant trees
actions, and monitoring
and manage coastal
forests.
3. Listong Pamayanan –
Community-based DRRM

SECOND WEBINAR
4. Listong Pamilyang Pilipino – All
about raising the level of awareness
and basic knowledge of families and
households to hazards and disaster
risks
.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10639
- an act mandating the
telecommunications service providers
to send free mobile alerts in the event
of natural and man-made disasters and THE MEDIUMS OF EAWM
calamities
 Also known as “The Free SMS (Short Messaging Service)
Mobile Disaster Alerts Act” - a service for sending messages to
mobile phones in text format
Section 4. Mobile Disaster Alerts – In
the event of impending tropical storm, CB (Cell Broadcast)
typhoon tsunami, or other calamities, - one of the world’s most efficient
mobile phone service providers are technology for public warning system;
mandated to send out alerts at regular messages can be quickly sent to many
intervals as required by the mobile phone users with cell-
(NDRRMC) the Philippine broadcast enabled handsets within a
Atmospheric, Geophysical and designated area.
Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA), The Philippine Institute
of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS) and other relevant THE PROCESS OF EAWM
agencies.

The alerts shall be at no cost, whether

direct or indirect, to the consumers;
shall be included as part of the service
providers auxiliary service. Th alerts
may be in the form of SMS (text
messages), MMS, or email, as needed
and appropriate.
  Unlimited to 160 characters
to lessen the queuing thru
SMS

Ways Forward
 Development of new mediums
in transmitting mobile alerts
(example: utilizing the TV
Broadcast stations and radio
stations)
 Develop and enhance EAWM
templates
 Discovery of new technologies
in the automation of
disseminating EAWMs

- Coordinate with your local DRRM

Office for preparedness measures.

- Be aware of fake messages

LIMITATIONS, WAYS FORWARD - Share the messages with loved ones

AND GENERAL TIPS and families

Mobile Alerts Limitations - Be prepared

 Dependent on the mobile
base station The power of text messages lies on
 All mobile phones can how the communities transform
receive SMS alerts, but not “Mobile Alerts” to “Disaster
all are Cell broadcast ready Preparedness Actions.”
 Cell broadcast capability are
not automatically turned on.