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Dimitrios Floudas
Lund University
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Additive fabrication for architectural scale applications based on Macrotermes-Termitomyces symbiosis View project
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PULP FACTION
3D PRINTED MATERIAL ASSEMBLIES THROUGH
MICROBIAL BIOTRANSFORMATION
ANA GOIDEA / DIMITRIOS FLOUDAS / DAVID ANDRÉEN
LUND UNIVERSITY
The world is currently facing an ecological crisis of the printed material post-extrusion as a binder of
unprecedented scale and urgency and, as the building lignocellulosic biomass.
sector is a significant contributor to the current state, it
must look towards radical change to achieve a sustainable Fungal-lignocellulosic materials inherit properties from
practice. The most destructive environmental impact is both wood and mycelium, resulting in lightweight and
found in material extraction, processing and discharge. strong bio-composites. Generally, they exhibit good
This paper presents an alternative to industrially mined insulative performance for both heat and sound, are
and synthesised materials by utilising biological growth hydrophobic, and have good tension and compression
processes as passive engines for the transformation of resistance (Yang et al., 2017; Elsacker, 2019). In addition,
renewable materials. This is achieved through fungal- the raw materials for such composites are low in cost,
lignocellulosic composites which have been developed locally sourced, renewable, and able to capture and store
along with the design and fabrication processes that are carbon dioxide.
necessary for their application in the construction
industry. Mycelium Bio-Composites
Plant-derived materials are abundantly and sustainably The main components of mycelium composites are the
available on both local and global scales, particularly in biopolymers cellulose and chitin, followed by lignin and
the form of by-products and recycled waste. Additive hemicellulose. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a
fabrication provides an opportunity to create high value fungus, made up from a dense network of long, branching
products from this material, but comes with its own filamentous structures termed hyphae. The cell wall of the
challenges. In particular, most of the strength of the wood hyphae is made of chitin – a tough, resilient, inert and
is lost as fibres are ground down so that the material can non-water-soluble modified polysaccharide that has
pass through the extrusion nozzle. Rather than relying on promising potential in biotechnology (Latgé and
thermosetting plastics or synthetic binders, this project Calderon, 2006). When the fungus colonises a substrate,
explores the controlled growth of fungal mycelium within it first grows on the surface and gradually, depending on 1
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Fabrication Strategy