𝜕

ම 𝜌 𝑑𝑣 = − ඾ 𝜌 𝑉 ∙ 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑉.𝐶 𝑆.𝐶

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤
+ + =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑑(𝑚𝑉) 𝜕
𝜕 = ම 𝜌𝑉𝑑𝑣 + ඾ 𝑉𝜌 𝑉 ∙ 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑉.𝐶
≠0 𝑆.𝐶
𝜕𝑡
𝐷𝑉
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑔Ԧ − 𝛻𝑝 + 𝜇𝛻 2 𝑉
𝑑𝑡

𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑝
+𝑉 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝜌 𝑑𝑥
 𝜕
ම 𝜌 𝑑𝑣 = − ඾ 𝜌 𝑉 ∙ 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑉.𝐶 𝑆.𝐶
𝑣𝑡 = 𝐴 𝑇 𝐻
𝜕𝑣
= − 𝑄𝑠 = −𝑉𝐴
𝑑𝑡
𝜕ℎ
𝐴𝑇 = −𝑉𝐴 𝑡𝑖
𝜌 ≈ 𝑐𝑡𝑒. 𝑑𝑡

𝑉2 𝐿
𝐻= 1 + 𝑓 + 𝑘𝑠
2𝑔 𝑑 𝜕ℎ 𝐴 2𝑔 1
= 𝐻2
2𝑔𝐻 𝑑𝑡 𝐴 𝑇 𝐿
𝑉= 1 + 𝑓 + 𝑘𝑠
𝐿 𝑑
1 + 𝑓 + 𝑘𝑠
𝑑
 1 𝜕𝑣 𝜕 𝑣 2
𝐷𝑉 + +𝑍 =0
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑔Ԧ − 𝛻𝑝 + 𝜇𝛻 2 𝑉 𝑔 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑠 2𝑔
𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕𝑝 𝐿 𝜕𝑣 𝑣2 𝑣2
+𝑉 =− = +𝑍 − +𝑍
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑠 𝜌 𝜕𝑠 𝑔 𝜕𝑡 2𝑔 2𝑔
1 2
1 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕𝑣 2 𝜕𝑝
+ =−
𝑔 𝑑𝑡 2𝑔 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝐿 𝜕𝑣 𝑣2
= 𝐻𝑅 −
𝑔 𝜕𝑡 2𝑔

𝐿 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣
𝑡= ln 𝑣𝑜 = 2𝑔𝐻𝑅
𝑉𝑜 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑣
𝑉𝑜 , 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
 𝐷𝑉 𝐿 𝜕𝑣 𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑓𝐿 𝑣2
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑔Ԧ − 𝛻𝑝 + 𝜇𝛻 2 𝑉 = +𝑍 − +𝑍 − + 𝑘𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑔 𝜕𝑡 2𝑔 1
2𝑔 2
𝐷 2𝑔
1 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕𝑝 1 𝜕𝜏𝑂
+𝑉 =− + 𝐿 𝜕𝑣 𝑣2
𝑔 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑠 𝜌𝑔 𝑑𝑥 𝜌𝑔 𝑑𝑥
= 𝐻𝑅 − 𝐶
𝑔 𝜕𝑡 2𝑔
1 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕𝑣 2 𝜕𝑝 𝑓 𝑣|𝑣|
+ =− + 𝑓𝐿
𝑔 𝑑𝑡 2𝑔 𝜕𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝐷 2𝑔 𝐶 =1+ + 𝑘𝑠
𝐷

𝐿 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣
𝑡= ln 2𝑔𝐻𝑅
𝑉𝑜 𝐶 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑣 𝑣𝑜 =
𝐶
𝑉𝑜 , 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
 𝐻𝑅 = 100𝑓𝑡
𝐷 = 24" ∗ Apertura repentina.
𝐿 = 10000 𝑓𝑡
𝑓 = 0.018 ¿ 𝑡99% ?

"Con pérdidas"
24
"Sin pérdidas" 2𝑔𝐻𝑅 2 32.2 100
𝑣𝑜 = = 12
𝐿 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣 𝐶 0.018 (10000)
𝑉𝑜 = 2𝑔𝐻𝑅 𝑡 = ln
𝑉𝑜 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑣
𝑉𝑜 = 2(32.2)(100) 𝑣𝑜 = 8.41 𝑓𝑡/𝑠
10000 80.2(1 + 0.99)
𝑡= ln
𝑉𝑜 = 80.2 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 80.2 80.2(1 − 0.99) 𝐿 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣 10000
𝑡= ln = ln 199
𝑉𝑜 𝐶 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑣 8.41 91
𝑡 = 660𝑠
𝑡 = 69.2𝑠
 ′

𝑎 ≈ 1430 𝑚/𝑠

𝑎 ∆𝑉
∆𝑃 = 𝛾
𝑔
 𝑡𝑐 = 0 ⟹
𝑡𝑐 < 2𝑡𝑜 ⟹
𝑡𝑐 > 2𝑡𝑜 ⟹

2𝐿
𝑡∗ = 2𝑡𝑜 =
𝑎
Tiempo crítico
𝐿 𝜕𝑣 𝑣2 𝑣2 𝐿 ∆𝑣
= +𝑍 − +𝑍 𝑍𝑚á𝑥 = 𝐻𝑅 +
𝑔 𝜕𝑡 2𝑔 1
2𝑔 2
𝑔 ∆𝑡

𝐿 𝜕𝑣 ∆𝑃 𝐿 ∆𝑣
= 𝐻𝑅 − 𝑍𝑚á𝑥 =
𝑔 𝜕𝑡 𝛾 𝑔 ∆𝑡

𝜌 𝐿𝑣𝑜
∆𝑃 =
𝑡𝐶
t c , tiempo de cierre.
 𝐿 𝜕𝑉 𝑉2
= 𝐻𝑅 − +𝑍
𝐻𝑅 = 60𝑓𝑡 𝑔 𝜕𝑡 2𝑔
∗ Cierre constante en 20s. 2
𝐷 = 12" "𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑝é𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠" 3000 (0 − 62.16𝑚/𝑠)
𝐿 = 3000 𝑓𝑡 = 60 − 𝑍2
𝑒 = 0.012 𝑖𝑛 ¿ 𝑃𝑚á𝑥 , ∆𝑃? 32.2 20𝑠
𝑃2 3000 (−62.16)
𝑍2 = = 60 −
𝛾 32.2 20
𝑃2
= 349.6𝑓𝑡
𝛾 𝑚á𝑥
𝑉𝑜 = 2𝑔𝐻𝑅 𝜌 𝐿𝑣𝑜 62.4
∆𝑃 = 𝑃2 𝑚á𝑥 = 349.6
𝑉𝑜 = 2(32.2)(60) 𝑡𝐶 144
(62.4)(3000)(62.16) 𝑃2 𝑚á𝑥 = 151.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑉𝑜 = ∆𝑃 =
(32.2)(20)(144)
∆𝑃𝑚á𝑥 = 125.5𝑝𝑠𝑖
 ∆𝑣 ∆𝑣
𝐹𝑖 = −𝑚 = −𝜌𝐿𝐴
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
𝜌𝐿𝐴∆𝑣
𝐹𝑖 /𝐴 = −
∆𝑣 = 0 − 𝑣 "𝐶𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙" ∆𝑡 𝐴
∆𝑣 = 𝑣′ − 𝑣 "𝐶𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙" 𝜌𝐿∆𝑣
∆𝑃 = −
∆𝑡
𝑎 = 𝐿/∆𝑡
𝐸𝑜
𝜌 ∆𝑃 = −𝜌𝑎∆𝑣
𝑎= Eo , Modulo elástico del fluido
𝐸 𝐷 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑤𝑠𝑘𝑖
1+ 𝑜 E, Modulo elástico del conducto
𝐸𝛿 ρ, densisad del fluido kg/m3
D, diámetro del conducto [m[
δ, espesor del conducto [m]
 𝐸𝑜
𝐻𝑅 = 20𝑚 ∗ 𝜌 10000
𝑎= =
𝐷 = 12" (305𝑚𝑚) 𝐸 𝐷
1+ 𝑜
0.5(305)
50+
𝐿 = 920 𝑚 𝐸𝛿 3

𝑄 = 450 𝑙𝑝𝑠 ¿ ∆𝑃𝑚á𝑥 ?

𝑒 = 3 𝑚𝑚 𝑎 = 995,8 𝑚/𝑠

∆𝑃 = 𝜌𝑎𝑣
∆𝑃 = (980)(995.8)(

𝑣𝑜 = 𝑄/𝐴 𝐸 = 2.5𝑥1011 ∆𝑃𝑚á𝑥 = 6.01 𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.45 4
𝑣𝑜 = 𝐸𝑜 ∆𝑃𝑚á𝑥 = 871.9 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜋 0.35 2 = 1425 𝑚/𝑠
𝜌
𝑣𝑜 =
 𝜌 𝐿𝑣𝑜
∆𝑃 =
𝑡𝐶
𝜌 𝐿𝑣𝑜
∆𝑃 = 𝑘
𝑡𝐶 1≤𝑘<2

𝜌 𝐿𝑣𝑜
∆𝑃 = 2
𝑡𝐶 Formula de Michaud

∆𝑃 = 𝜌𝑎𝑣
Formula de Joukowski