2019- WOFKDOOK @| Detailed Explanations of a Try Yourself Questions Civil Engineering Engineering HydrologyPrecipitation and General Aspects of Hydrology @ Detalled Explanation 2 : Try Yourself Questions The calculations are tabulated below Isohyetal | Average value of | Inter-Isohyetal | Fraction of Weighted Interval (cm) | precipitation (cm) | area (km?) total area p(em) col. 3/640 col. 2 x col. 4 a) (2) (3) (4) (5) 412 B % 0.1406 8278 12-10 1 740 02187 2.4062 108 9 125 0.1953 7578 86 7 140 0.2187 1.9312 64 5 5 0.1328 0.6641 42 3 0 0.0625 0.1875 20 1 20 0.0312 0.0312 ZA = 640 8.40625 Thus average depth of precipitation aver the basin is 8.40625 cm. Prey ‘As the normal rainfall values vary more than 10%, the normal ratio method is adopted. 3 “(097° 67.59" 76.28 p, 9201, (9144 72.28 7989) Tepe mis Take, K = 0.1 for gradual contraction (il) 3rd iteration iv) 4th iteration © Copyright y= (hhh) (¢ 2a) M39 26 1aP__ 1.602? ) 1.47 1.602? 316.8 - 316.55) + 1 - (3168 - 316.55) (a 2x9.81) ° (a5 2x98 0,25 -0.021 + 0.0021 Q- Kool e 5057. 40x oz = 153.973 msec eee vy, = a = ee = 1.543 mis x981 2x981 2x981 2x9.81 oas( 0.25 - 0.0186 + 0.00186 = 0.2333 m Va RAE 5057,40,)0254 = te 612 mise L 250 406? 1.63? }-o1 Gere Sai Q _ 194.73 a =F = Fos 7 M23 mis Q _ 154.73 YZ = Gog ~ 1548mis 102s? 1.58? 026+ 0. 0.233 m 2x9.81 2x9.81 Q- Kool 5057.40,)24 a 250 = 154.42 mY/sec 1425? 1.88? 2981 2x9.81 ~‘ceuupeeeeeeennnn MADE EASY ‘wwwmadeeasypubliations.org | ———— Publestions 76 Civil Engineering @ Engineering Hydrology MADE EASY ‘As the value of Q found from 3rd iteration and th iteration are close each other so iteration process ends here no The characteristic equation is given as V(mis) = 0.65N +0.03 where Nis the number of revolutions per second. Assuming depth at a distance of 27 m from one bank is zero, The total discharge is calculated by method of mid sections, Quy = 184.42 mis : : (m=) (s+3) For the frst and ast section average wietn, y =~ OY" 2) E*2) 3.575m ay, 2x3 3.3 Distance from | Depth(m) | Average wicth (m)] | Segmental discharge one bank(m) | _y W AQ=yxVxW 30 Of 3375 0.16 0276 60 08 30 0.28 o.s72 9.0 12 30 0.485, 1.746 12.0 20 3.0 0.843, 5.058 15.0 3.0 30 1.655 14.895 18.0 25 30 2.63 19.725 21.0 22 30 214 14.124 24.0 10 3.375 0.48 1.62 27.0 ° = = | 3aQ, = 58.056 m'/s Total discharge.Q j==58,056m’/sec a www.madeeasypublications org MADE ERSY © Copyright |Infiltration, Runoff and Hydrographs Detalled Explanation 9 of Try Yourself Questions 1 Time _| Rainfall (mm) 0 0 1 60 z 110 3 340 4 280 8 120 . Beate 6 60 * 7 00 0 5 , Total precipitation, P= 97mm Total runof, 25000 mp 22500 = 50 mm i 50x10* wandex = P=9.- 97-82 7.833 mmr erindex 2 n uring period when no excess rain occurs) oincex = Totelinfivetion + inftretion during period wien no excess rain occurs) Period of excess ra 47-6-6 - = 8.75 mmlbr 7 8. © copyright MADE EASY wonwmadeeasypublications org8 Civil Engineering @ Engineering Hydrology MADE EASY ir nun | 2 3 4 8 | colscols tio | UM |S-cuve | cure |Loggea |g) Invisec | aden | ornate | by ate | OT 7) 0 = a) 0 0 1} ow | = | w | o |] 132 2} @ | - | @ | o 80 3 | wz | - | w | o 160 «| ao | o | ao | 1 | aaze 5 | 20 | 1 | 210 | 60 | 200 6 | 12 | 60 | 20 | 120 | 160 7 | 10 | wo | 2m | 10 | 1322 3 | 14 | 10 | 29 | 20 | te 9 | we | 210 | a4 | 240 | 9867 ro} ge | 240 | ae | 270 | arse m7) 270 | aaa | 204 | 85.33 v2| 59 | 204 | 353 | ae | 52 a2 | 48 | a | 62 | a28 | 45s ua | a | aze | 26 | 24s | ze as) 28 | sex | an | ase | om we | 2 | 353 | 27s | 262 | 1967 a | to | 262 | 275 | aes | 1722 we) 8 | see | a5 | am | sas wo) 2 | an | as | a7 | 267 20} 0 | a | a7 | 375 o aloo | ws | - - o a) - | ws | = 5 ° a) - | as | = : - a} - | as | = - - In Shr Rainfall = 3x 6 = 18mm = 1.8em Peak discharge = 213.33 x 1,8 = 384 m'lsec Poesy Computations are shown in table. In this table col. 2 shows the ordinates of the 4-n unit hydrograph, col. 3 gives the S-curve additions and col. 4 gives the ordinates of the S-curve, The sequence of entry in col. 3 is shown by arrows. Values of entries in col. 4 is obtained by using eq. Le., by summing up of entries in col. 2 and col. 4 along each row. Timein | Ordinate of | S-curve S,-curve ordinate hours | 4-4UH | addition (mls) | (m’/s). (col. 2+ col. 3) 1 2 3 4 ° 0 0 4 10 en 8 30 to a0 2 25 oe 85 16 18 ose 20 10 se 24 5 93 98, 28 o 98: 98, a ( wwrwmadeeasypublications org MADE ERSY © Copyright)MADE EASY Workbook 9 Publications + ALE =4 hours, Ordinates of 4h UH = 10 m/s S-curve addition = ordinate of 4h UH@ (t = (4 - 4) #0 hours) = 0 Hence S-curve ordinate = 10 + 0 = 10 m¥/s + Att= 8 hours; Ordinates of 4h UH = 30 m'/s. S-curve addition = ordinate of 4h UH @ {t = (8 4) = 4 hours} = 10 m/s Hence S-curve ordinate = 30 + 10 = 40m*/s + Att=1Z hours; Ordinate of 4h UH = 25 mis. S-curve addition = ordinate of 4h UH@ {t = (12-4) = 8 hours} = 40 m/s Hence S-curve ordinate = 25 + 40 = 65 m'/s This calculation is repeated for all time intervals tll (= base width of UH = 28 hours. Plots of the 4h UH and the derived S-curve are shown in figure. 1207 100 | Secure 80 | 60 | 404 Discharge (ms) “hun 204Floods, Flood Routing and Flood Control Detalled Explanation f Try Yourself Questions a Timothy) | 0 | 12] 24] 36] 48 inflow(m"/s) | 100 | 750 | 780 | 470 | 270 Oya, = 100 mis k = 18hours x= 03 At 12hs Using Muskingham equation kx +0.5 At 18X0.340.5x12 Co k(1=x)+0.5 At ~ T8(1-0.3)40.5x12 ~ 90522 kx $0.5 At Ci Rx) +05 at 4840340512 78(1=0.3)+0.5x12 ~ 0818 kx-0.5 At Je05 a 0.0322 + 0.613 + 0.355 Initial flood discharge, Q = 100 m'isec. Now, cre, The outflow ordinates are worked ut inthe table using the general equation Q,= Ch * Ch, CQ, 5 Q, = Gy, + Ci, +C,Q, wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © Copyright )MADE EASY Workbook | 44 Publiestions Time from] inflow] Cyl, ch CQ, Qin start (h) | (m*/s)] =0.032, | =0.613, | =0.3550, | cumecs 0 2 8) (4) ®) (©) 0 100 = = = 700 (0.032750 | 0.613100 | 0.355100 1 0 0 z | 7% =24 =e13 | 355 | 1208 wm | 780 | 2696 | 45975 | 4288 | 52759 36 | 470 | 15.04 478.14 | 187.29 | 680.47 48 | 270 | 8.64 288.11 247.566 | 538.31 ‘The above routing shows that the peak which occurred att = 24h at upstream point of river reach, now occurs at t = 36 hr at downstream point i.e. ata lag of 12 br. The peak discharge also reduced from 780 m*/s to 680.47 m/sec Died ; wwe Sees) Itmay be noted that J, and S, remains same for one analysis, Given data Xgp = 20,600 and Xjqp = 22,150 Xsoo =? 50. Yoo -te,toa (625) 3.90794 100 hoy ~~ 109, 0 = 4.60018 eres 500 gp = ~log, = 621361 Yeco = ~ 109, 3, (sa) Now, wehave oe &)e 20,600 0 x-( BJo- zn @ Subtracting (i) from (i), we get (= Ys0 |. ~ 4550 ° = (4.60015 -3.90194) g- = 1950 = = 2219962: = 5-2 5 —— puppy ‘© copyright MADE ERSY vvavmadeeasypubeatonsorg)12 | CivilEngineering © Engineering Hydrology MADE EASY Publieatone » {¥s00 23a fe have x + [as i) ( So, Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get s Xsoq ~ 22150 = (Y¥so0 - Yao0) =~ 5, = Koop ~ 22180 + (6.27361 ~ 4.60015) x 2219.9625 = Xeqy ~ 25731.82 msec Since k = 36 h and 2kx = 2 x 36 x 0.18 = 10.8 h, At should be such that k > at > 2kx ie. 36h > At> 10.8h In the present case At = 12 hr is selected to suit the given inflow hydragraph ordinate interval. We know that = Cal + Cy I EON =36x0.15+0.5x12 wee & H-36x0.15+ 05x12 ~ 90104 kx+05 at _36x0.15+05x12 _ 5 k-kx+05 at 36-36x0.15+05x12 9118 k-kx-O5At 36-36x0.15-05x12 06721 k-kx+O5at 36-36x0.15+05x12 For the first time interval, @to 12h I-42 Cyl, = 0.3115 x 42= 13.08 I= 45 Cyl, = 0.0164 x 45 = 0.74 0, = 42 0, = 0.6721 x 42 = 28.23 0, = Cl, HCl, + C,0, = 0.74 «13.08 + 28:23 = 42.05 Peak of inflow hydrograph = 342 milsec Peak of outflow hydrograph = 231.13 m'isec =. Attenuation in peak flow discharge = 342 - 231.13 = 110.87 m*ls, The inflow hydrograph has a peak value at t= 48 h The outflow hydrograph has a peak value att = 84h Timelag = 84-48 = 36 hrs. ————e (wwwimadeeasypubliatons.org MADE RSH © ma )MADE EASY Publications (© copyright Workbook | 43 Time(h) | m*/s) [0.01641 [0.31751, | 0.67210, | Ofm*ss) ol | one | 1308 | 2823 | 1 | 45 42.08 a [oe | iis | aun | 298 | 272 36 | 272 e128 te | gan | 800 | 8473] ata7 | 2 azz | 10653 | 88.39 so | 288 feat | 19364 v2 | 240 | 394 | 8971 5 | 227.83 3.25 74.76 | 193.12 aa | 198 231.13, 96 | 162 | 265 | 6168 | 1884 | gc zis | $046 | 147.65 aos | 133 tas | qanen | 20028 azo | ito | 180 | 4 17784 asz_| 90 | M48 | 54626 | 1883 | es a7 taa-foge. | 130 | 2803 | 104.36 | 122 tee | geo 112 | zaer | oes | 1808 ton | ge otoo | 2nas | 7s | oe osz | 1900 | 67.12 180) 88 | 080 | 1744 | 5850 | 57° ra | ot | oo 7 eg | 18:83 eae }-072_| 15.60_| 45.58 | 074 | 1495 eee | one eam esr na 20 | 42 53.83 puppy MADE EASY Publlaations wwumadecasypublcationsorg