a Fagslions of a complex vortable complex “numbers Se |The number Cusip), may EC ts cated a complex is clendted by 2 and Se ts unilien od Ba xtlyy cate! veal and Imaginary parts of 2- respectively Hts denoltd af « Heele). pasml2). complet vortable ste complen number 2 arf also cedintd as on ordered pair of veal numbers (ny) and is denoted by 2 = oH) numbers 4 undemental operabions oF comple! bat Dy cmtip ond Be suit, ore Foo complen oumbers then |. additton:- Byte, = Cutty Oe p= Cytratlyer te) number. may ore Banry yee is calle 2» sublraction :— Brtia ae Curip) Grr tpt) 3- mubtplication + Drags Cat) Od to) 2 HH Aly tHe fe Aq 2 9% 1h Ou yp trap lyih 2 (%-yip) + cupted) 4 biuision’— Pergo the . Soe f Bee zwpe) tte : cou tye eT aay,” 2 ROY. pany tet wege wt complex conjugate! Da nety ts a comple number then Hs con} : conjugake ‘5 aenoled by Foal hgh | | @)-2 note! | orf too complex numbers | yam and pete per lav fern oo) medals aoe oo rupber t= ye wares? ey 2 oer _[vasor ratte 2 [oles 1518 afr ay ter are Ewod bY 27 pléticle_torm of ot a emplet complex number, ¥ a z¥[21 ave Vary yas x 7 yeas6 9 -tant ch) nore‘! eatted mndubs or magittace amplitude or angument of %. ly ovens 0 ttvstab eeu ay. (cose ristob) this ts culted pola rm of corpler cumber ay euler’ fora. we Keo 218 = cost 4500 ob 2-O% casted tude, Leen ee his ts catted exponential Porm of he comple number pemovier’s -theorero Lees 1sin)*= cosnb + tstand where nee Hy and tind mag ess the loci, tate oor oF eal part and imagtcary part: 1 30! gat es Bee bel eo Soar? ais ar ato m st ay treadcat peat teal Tat Tar teat) cota?) ele) 1B OD “a6e we HOS i¥e tre 7 = 4th, aati oF (\ Pte) and aam@) +f acorn “[eprta" (at Ee Ca” 2 (ae ut vette Ty great : ae deb a 2 Fat ES aS as cS cpeaisdeatist uaeasi 2 daryigst ugeast 28 PEL eat Bey A Pe) =~ am Q) ot a” ps weep al) 2 ‘Ta ime yy yore We ——— aeticaa Ga= we The _syeokal % 2 a1thy ahidr con be used to present ang f cre ob a watt of complex rumbers ts called COP yoriyble. @ Led @ curly ts anottex voridhle fable a, there sufot BE te each value of the complen vant one o erove values of the emplen variable wo, then «we £4 that ui w %s a-funckton of ord utile 0g wedl®? “The variohle 21s an fodependent vartabte ard wis a ckpendert variable Since pouty and % Wand y alto depends 0 1 iwe robtce that ends, of ond - oo d v ve vou). ond 4 D-tiak UPA envral we wre wwe ple) = flaaty ) 2a Coy t vcore catted “the reat and Hence io g pai We fle) 24h ivouy? these 2 an Tomaginany parts of wf)» Rogle and epalliple value 1 sfancttons :— TP there futsls only one value of 2 cove spooiog: to saoh vate of 2 ut Say thet wefl2) ts stnghe veutued function. Fur weflt) 225 ts siege value BE there Buls+ move -han sath vate OF 2 ut say Hat we ft) value ~ sowoaedd —furchon meant togle valued -lunchon. one value of o corresponding ts mactiple4 nse faneln 1-7 | @ rt weft) shen 22 filo) ts an foverse efunch’on corresponding to 10. — (htt we fle) 22%, for 4 & - Pind ~the value jobich Correspondent to % sat? BH waft) aah ¥2 Bouly ww2flariy) = (erly) = 1 faay HY = ary sig © Re (w) oxtyt Tm lw) 2 204 oat we f(adet) = (148) = yaly sie = utty = 3atty Betw) =3 zm (wo) =Yy 2p wafle) maya, fied 242, find 78 real and tmagioney pacts also find £2) ab tii lol w af) aarye, ve = aly wo Fagg) 2 Letty) ratty = WP pisay pyr nrty 2 wh tany yay LHe) = etc atoryep) | ii ae |Pets) aay gw) 2rry ty ——— 2 =H? FR = ata ye Putt) = (4 elit) a eatatyitt 2 eateseese we fle) = 1437 ‘Re lw) =uel Imi) =Vee8 9H Ws sce) ~te43Z Grd UG OF ME Nol OF Coy at iat wette) = +32 ay % x acly 2 we Fearty) = icariy)aserty) = aie ypaa-aty | satay + 9%> ty 2 aaeyntay 4 Bee) = Bx yticwsy) fe ne Ole ed, tc) > N= 2734% or) = fatat) +3Ci-97) = tai 43-12 24Ma-ni Ge YAHg saenag-ut neg i at Retw) = = Imew) = =H Uenteg— AH cir eases ocemplet number iL” such dint lecyrulee whee ever oc leales Se Sry mea humbes € TRA Wis saly t be me Umit % Fe) os ‘e’ appacches ‘a’ and fk fs Laitten os MH feyed 20 Note. Umik means difference bekxeen RE Tal Notued Kmetions 4 Smplex — VYowued function. Roopesties lek tt -feayzu g & GSIEM THe 230 Ba Du& aa Fe) +3e] se se) ie ge) 2a aby aty le ce 2S e)9e)) = ah fer ge) = bmvay ef £oy Ife ” esa ao ~ emto . E90) 3a) iy Ee wy as (ees) > # Me) ab CY BTS complex constant] paoblems “Dr geay » GEea) ay a Sind, Cay) - a 7 fe)= = Gu 224243 cactP4a) C41) eyes @cyt2) HY “acuai+s a ©3tay GAD 143 - Thx) on) seme " TR demotion o¢ me Umit oe et let ge) . 2h! =) the Ranction is Kot deGned at 22) when 2g: f@)= EAL _ Gen) on i set ZI = thas modulus of I¢C2-a)]= let-2] > |2+1)* \ece-a)] 2 hen ever Je-t] <€ Taking, §=€ ME Ghillie Go UMks bs satiny for every €>0 ote ae Sa * function (ce) is Satd ot opotint tbe continues FRA rye Ue £22 fea) Ba x) Hany eo ets exists @§>0 such thot leales 3 |fca)~feayJee men P(e) ts continues > at ni PL aan , ato, ayo Y WE Fea) = ceeM4 are Oo ye on ane complex Constants be & polyhomial function i OF = SC deyvee nt MeN fee) Is contings DA constant function geey=y 75 continues hese Kis @mplex Grstane 3) Pe FR), 8C2) we continues th a eaten 7 F@)t 92d; LedxgGce) § fe) ee Wel a5 Bey ere als continugwy URE HC2) = VCTY) ATVEUY) is Contitues TM aren! THRO _Leatry) | YCary) one —otss erntfinuss hs areyje% omessity continues s) D8 £G@) t& vot cntiues at 2=a MEN He Point ON age continues Wen otiv also is 220 fs called a discontinuity of ‘2° 6) Any Yerationd! f&ncton tS continue, when eer fts denomiistos is non =ez0 D al tigonometsic | expenential fumetions age. entinues. are fa) & B continues at a TEN lke lis also wantinues at "O* Oph tok me fay =Z ts vk Gntinues ot =o lee = aortly SOPPO® 250 along yXoxis WRN tse hate t yro | 2am Zan ven & 2)- mS $05 Soar zs0 aleig y axis ie x=0 tte Z fs wot continues, 20 @shoe Wot 9 fc) = ay itary) WR eT sincay) Be avtinues V2 i y fe) = xy (C22-4) eonchieg Pea) = VOY) +N Guy) where OGuy) FAYE Vy) 2A Y WE os every kore. bY Property Numbes 4 £2) fs abo continuss 2) Se) = eX 4 isincry) ee Bee) = Cary) + Nery ) by propesty nembes 7 Oy) 2% 5 veuy): sincay) ove continues, Sky Peoresty numbes 4 FD & artinues Dicer tSasie My lee we fe) is agiten function define Yz fh weighboushesd of 22 EM fectea)-F Ce) a. Te Lmction ge) is aid ds BO “dal at 26 and TR Umit Ts denotey by £'G.9 2 fe) % exbts then tts called dexi~ Nake of £2) at 2, ‘rorenties Je Ferg ged ow difestmable Function fh g domine “d' THEN Heiy Sum, Pooduct § co-mes cients ae also difeentabieA (829 9@)} +1 fej) gee ) (ee se) Zier gse WS Gergey] - ~ fee): L Caedtga) *d Ceey)] wd C=) S$ Chea) ~ Be a 3. ( Se i BOR ) ~ Pe) Z2e) acer) YB fe) ~E(acey) §5 (Cee) = F'@e@) -gle (chair vale} Wi) 28 w= FG) FH 2=8'G) $2 5 de aoe related by de = u = Nid» is 0 posiuve imtege2 ten Fe Ren net wi) Ve wee ; cis complea ao ren WD Pexomebic diFexentickon = Peer fee) z= ga) ge. dade a2 ae 42 Ae Hien is we Inteages q nto men sah on) & (a) es x0 ne weno a7 Nate: yea ditterentable fancion ts continugs HS cemerse is not tueOosing ve defnokion of desakie Ang We | esokive of Shake fay +2 Ne she de@matin of desvotNe she) 2 & RCerde) -FO) 4230" ap te _(@ettzy 2 =a ee a2 = le Fh azae + (aes ot “ecg oe 2 sé Caztar) wo “SS ons aed ~ 2240 a OAed we dertarie of we fee): 222 ot ug Point whee i222, WD ary C2) = 23-22, 42 the detnation oc me dealtakive ay > MB Sceren) 2 hee az he z+az)P2(2 +42) - C22) ~ By, Ceres ect) 56 aay} 30 LEY az 2 Me Staten +9e al Oa Bynne eye 85 a0 ence iy arle AA Coz p202t (az)22 x90 =a + 324326) t0-2 ~9e-2 Wie 22ze £\Ge) +328 -2 w) Ig gay +302 ett Dhar tok $2) ts rok deeentiable chy chee. £G) 23 42 ae = AnriMY ete = Carty) +cartiog) = cred ticgtayy GARE ~ corns) - icy sayy Be) ~ W ECetae)- $e) 82>0 ae _ ik Gee azso ae fee 44%) — Cy +44) =Ca-fy) as0 as aac Tay fe) ~ SS, weit toy xis axtioga le Ann tay ° 20 Talay A290 olor, xonis Ge ay so S12 & scte le aas str0 AAG iG)” myo Tk #0 slong gasts te ance flay sb o- tay i Ee —— = te tt 420 ot tay eo ee A230, jay Ele) tS rot deattanle Analytiat functten :- derivable ak eery point 2 fh an ¢ helthesrhoy Bre MG fly G atisve, noe ua Iz-zol leh (e) = let]. lcosystsing) = let] Seedy ssiey = leh se) ae eR Know tek oor Rol 1 with in He Walon, Under considerction e%ostoins mot Nae (EK 21g min Yale Let aad %> 7! Be 2> G0), [eel atone: cre), laa! attoins fs mins TES moor Vole & Uo is on co 2> Nolug and Yo) is 09 C Hoamonic Sanctions ot tng W7 Fe) = COM) tiveay) IS an a domoin d TRA SN SoHSfys me amalyttc loglace eq? op 82.480 x0 Oat a wv WN oo we OyeResPectiely ‘A! Hoamenic functions solution of Laplace RN havi continuous secon order Postel devinatives a2 called hoamenic functions: thely. TRoxeny is called potentiok wecdem' Hence HR seat twagincay pasts of on amlytic Anction (ex) haamenic fanction: ahas ThE, Rmctfon Satistyng me Laplace en oe War Sy ermgole heamonfe function :. xo 2F ta hoamonic Renetions Og ve SadisGy THE Gachy main cea St) th & sbrrain ‘o/ aad MY ae the aeal g ™Meginosy pasts a2 OM onalytic - Ran, ction 6: ) WEN Vis Sot to be aq Gnitgaio hoameny Fametion of 6 ind tuo h . ; jeamen'ic Functions vey thich ove Such’ thak Galt ts MABE Lana ore alled — ertugatie howmont 2 Fe fonctions,erionenis Thesory a , he anita = ie ok Sq by ony Dateguc ton (oe) Ao ee ha EE TE T fa contey vette pone ea sole Bene Ha. chal eee be conplen Vosdella_, wre coo ye om falls 2 ohe a a am 2 eke te ope ote YL _ beep ian] 2 og eating Paton Ante) ralet oan Sabine FEmK, aSp Ray 2 Pe) OIE Nese ene Peet destworle zor Boel wen bY it By 3 te x rw Se z tee early cre poles fam 27> sa90 +1 7sIn8 = wceose+ ising) = re® pisrerentiate Postially 7 © ye) =20d9) SO te _ 5 3.ce)= rece = fee de ted = twl® —O we ein Sc) = EGS) = OCwe) 41cm Dmeyentare ost |F > = le) Bites) ce) BE BE =e ie oO BF +f) € ce O} £2) = x cs oe Corts) —O©Siggezentish cores t “8 * = ae — a see) =fB) = =P) 18" CO) @) PE ble aici BE m8 Nee) hoe see re) = Roe ky en OFO ts Coste) > vats > ge Costive) Ustive “ese iso eutations age called caachy g-femann, equokon ty ola Fowm:el Fe f"e) ented OY, L Bet te! I'@) # ae @ eosin etalon) mogrepeemeen ver eeu eeueee geet gir he C-2 Ben" 99 polar form Ditfereotiabe w-rto 7% PO, we yi ty ae YW OF oe4h dv Sg 79 a eee wera Catbogeral -trajeeciortes Orlbogooa! ee sertyxiy satly eat suty ae vet oko Je3 » -¥ epee a weLepe! ayy as He foe ay E jo ts not analytePio whether pte) > sto ging 4 e05 feasy ts anculpite Ure fl) aston cing 4 1C081 Meoty @ utiv C2 Soi Soy Vie ~casecosy # ad (ston sy) & oa Ecose easy ) aah cson) 2 ~ C08} 3 tos) zsing ws = cosy erste) on 2 sina. 54 wy = a (sax Soy ) ue f ageeea! ea Absoy) = cos a teosy) [eam] at a — ae ae LOSH S$! yy a Wee uy OM ote ey ae SFO) ts aot amalyH ¢ 2 ohether £(2) 2 Sa ps omabytt e awe noe “wa £2) = a oSyp ot oot 2 A a pager tk Or? ae op = (ety Ite Ut?) Cay eye o pert ce)” | CRLaw ote) id) a e way) ry (2 ator cee) ae cy) Ee te Ege gook wy ey ED-Ld3 i eee ee cee oe OP) ray ext? ott py eto eneylry? y ewey ep pe ote ye rte ee Seow, wow 1 oe an an Wi fle) sattstie e-2 oa? o ple) 15 ancbpte : tne nponcanatyHe Ox) Shaw # walegr fad Se ds and oleterm! = ned “reat. onc tmaplnny parts of -Ainctton we fog subishe ne CR a” gis not -_t wese) 2 tog ently rel = (ere Baton! $ 527 eae (pia) tin ie ree ofwe $e) a beg (rel) fe SS pees : 2 tog fatage +10 tye pis 2 log lee f Shy te ope ta ep) 4 tea EE)? 2b tog ty) 4 4 afer ewe fl? © ye tog apg stean eye) eorly Vela seg 4 1) very) Ook a (29 t 5; 2 cay ssh 40) ak sky aus aay a tH Goes 8 Uoptat a pat) ot Sky ag poets A | Eula Vz ten! (4+) Be. a lee te) = = Py um) aint "owkW a y &) ae way — [oot LY) > EU 4 ue a1 + oy) “Eh aoe TU > ap ep a i yga fly ts sasteve e202” L pen ts ae 4 & so) aytnd alt values of Kk suth rat HO) 2c (easy + tiony).. ts analyte sos pare stte et cosny «inky ory veep a Bag pteamy) 6. geting) eos ky $e) “riond gett? 12. Meosty ne & oH sort) ae ee ge att age v ye eet coske a eT Lug) Sis Los zhetashy eet csan ye) = Ket okey iver plo) as ancelp he "pia watteie & pee” du av om” WY 5 x OF af oe 1st Creasky a eteotG — _penstnky = © stoke few EL. ne pets ercerhy eats ee) fe]shew that che funeltor, [ls) 22% ts défferenable bat nok 7 able bet nob alee at ane 7 wef) > ently Zer-ly £2) 2Gerty ext) evel ott po oryeD vay | 2 ob uy) s ce é od ot Lif me 22atD Ba a 4p ogee) ary ey dv (when only 420 oe woe iy 4 -ae onl whee 20 Boo Ae 4 Neue c-R cx? satistte only ce ne ovtgetrs ettence £20) er techie “eattstit oy a OH LED abe o bub ine C# A" EL are 70 fe not onal © \ fier Fs dilferenoble put not on aly teBird qghore tre —famction. Dd web = oe x poe Burd) yee en Seah pe Bes), ) weer @srisiag) hits to be anayhe 4 function weklt) ceases Maits) +0 be amalife Bf we 20 a ) giver wot oe oot ge 7B Btedo tores0 de does att exist So wis anolyte Every where gucept at the pork eo ith 16 0 siagudar petot oF Ft) @) wet Fs o., we) se eke air 1) W eli) ea) 2 ey, ew eee Sen ae eeao 7 Be cbesoot euist $0 w iS analyte e whire eweeph eh -ine polo de! which is a Siogulorr peat ob eh, cons tuen peeeget} BE exists at oul points of bin “the ec analyte every where fo tne compler 1) wo eit ea comple pleune Heree plane oo Be ceo ge (HY) Ala) ae ere) wad ier!) ee) * (ore) Qtr) (ie) Ge 2 ttt aaa ere ade D oe ere) et fayat+) 228 ed wae 2a 240 and t+ 1 £0 4 geet? (ett ap eao and 24120 oto! ts anedgte every whee dea cloes not pdr ce ink J 1 except athe 20 and B=2t7 which are ints of #(t) int singulot Ppme Ay Way Mn ay rigs, & zd 7% le ooy oth Ona day Astle sat gt 5 Mts Bg Igo = Ghee. vaste (2% BA “lh tty ey ke ae S “=