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 Lactation Risk Categories   Pregnancy Risk Categories 

 L1 (Paling Aman)  A (studi terkontrol menunjukkan tanpa resiko)
 L2 (Aman)  B (tidak ada bukti risiko pada manusia)
 L3 (Cukup Aman)  C (risiko tidak dapat dikesampingkan)
 L4 (Kemungkinan Barbahaya)  D (bukti positif resiko)

 L5 (Kontra Indikasi)  X (dikontraindikasikan untuk Ibu Hamil)

Pregnancy Lactation
Risk Risk
Generic name Trade Name AAP approved?* Category** Category**
Analgesics (Pain-killers) [more]
Acetaminophen Tylenol Approved/diseujui B L1
Colchicine Colchicine Approved D L4
Nefopam Acupan Approved - NR
     Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) [more]
Azapropazone (apazone) Rheumox Approved - L2
Dipyrone (banned in the US &
- Approved - NR
UK)
Flufenamic acid - Approved - NR
B (1st, 2nd
Advil, Nuprin,
trim.)
Ibuprofen Motrin, Approved L1
D (3rd
Pediaprofin
trim.)
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Indomethacin Indocin Approved L3
D (3rd
trim.)
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Ketorolac Toradol, Acular Approved L2
D (3rd
trim.)
Ponstan,
Mefenamic acid Approved - NR
Ponstel
Anaprox,
L3
Naprosyn,
Naproxen Approved B L4 (for
Naproxen,
chronic use)
Aleve
Phenylbutazone Butazolidine Approved - NR
Piroxicam Feldene Approved B L2
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Suprofen Profenal Approved - NR

Tolmetin Tolectin Approved C L3
     Narcotic analgesics [more]
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Butorphanol Stadol Approved L3
D (3rd
trim.)
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3
Fentanyl Sublimaze Approved B L2
L2
L3 (if used
Meperidine Demerol Approved B
early
postpartum)
Methadone Dolophine Approved B L3
Morphine Morphine Approved B L3
Darvocet N,
Propoxyphene Propacet, Approved C L2
Darvon
Anesthesia, Anesthetics [more] [contents]
Halothane Fluothane Approved C L2
Lidocaine Xylocaine Approved C L2
Methohexital Brevital Approved B L3
Thiopental Pentothal Approved C L3
Antacids, GI meds [contents]
Cimetidine (Antacid) Tagamet Approved B L2
Cisapride (GI tract stimulant) Propulsid Approved C L2
Domperidone (used for nausea
& vomiting, stimulates Motilum Approved - L1
lactation) [more]
Antibiotics [contents]
Larotid,
Amoxicillin Approved B L1
Amoxil
Aztreonam Azactam Approved B L2
Ultracef,
Cefadroxil Approved B L1
Duricef
Cefazolin Ancef, Kefzol Approved B L1
Cefotaxime Claforan Approved B L2
Cefoxitin Mefoxin Approved B L1
Cefprozil Cefzil Approved C L1
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime, Approved B L1
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Fortaz,
Taxidime
Ceftriaxone Rocephin Approved B L2
Ciprofloxacin [more] Cipro Approved C L3
Clindamycin Cleocin Approved B L3
E-Mycin, Ery- L1
Erythromycin tab, ERYC, Approved B L3 early
Ilosone postnatal
Fleroxacin - Approved - NR
Gentamicin Garamycin Approved C L2
Kebecil,
Kanamycin Approved D L2
Kantrex
Moxalactam Moxam Approved - NR
Nitrofurantoin Macrobid Approved B L2
Ofloxacin Floxin Approved C L2
Penicillin - Approved B L1
Streptomycin Streptomycin Approved D L3
Sulbactam - Approved - NR
Gantrisin, Azo-
Sulfisoxazole Approved C L2
Gantrisin
Achromycin,
Tetracycline Sumycin, Approved D L2
Terramycin
Ticarcillin,
Ticarcillin Approved B L1
Ticar, Timentin
Proloprim,
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Approved C L3
Trimpex
Anticoagulants [contents]
Bishydroxycoumarin
- Approved - NR
(dicumarol)
Coumadin,
Warfarin Approved D L2
Panwarfin
Anticonvulsants [contents]
Carbamazepine Tegretol, Epitol Approved C L2
Ethosuximide Zarontin Approved C L4
Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1
Phenytoin Dilantin Approved D L2
Depakene,
Valproic acid Approved D L2
Depakote
Antifungals [contents]
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Fluconazole [more] Diflucan Approved C L2

Nizoral
Ketoconazole Shampoo, Approved C L2
Nizoral
Antihistamines [more] [contents]
Dexbrompheniramine maleate
- Approved - NR
with d-isoephedrine
Fexofenadine Allegra Approved C L2
Loratadine Claritin Approved B L1
Terfenadine Seldane Approved - NR
Triprolidine Actidil, Actifed Approved C L1
Antivirals [contents]
Acyclovir [more] Zovirax Approved C L2
Alferon N,
Interferon-alpha [more] Interferon Approved C L2
Alpha
Arthritis meds (see also: pain meds) [contents]
Ridaura,
Gold salts Myochrysine, Approved C L5
Solganal
Asthma meds (see also: steroids) [contents]
Dilor, Lufyllin,
Dyphylline Approved C L3
Dyphylline
Bricanyl,
Terbutaline Approved B L2
Brethine
Aminophylline,
Theophylline Quibron, Theo- Approved C L3
Dur
Contraceptives, Hormones [more] [contents]
L3 (may
Estratab,
interfere
Estradiol Permarin, Approved X
with milk
Menest
production)
Clogestone - Approved - NR
Contraceptive pill with Preven, Approved X L3 (may
estrogen/progesterone Seasonale, interfere
Norinyl, with milk
Norlestin, production)
Ortho-Novum,
Ovral, Lunelle
injection,
Ortho-Evra
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patch, etc.
Norplant,
Levonorgestrel Approved X L2
Mirena, Plan B
L1
Provera, Depo- L4 (if used
Medroxyprogesterone Approved D
Provera, Cycrin first 3 days
postpartum)
Norethynodrel Enovid Approved X L2
Crinone,
Progesterone Approved - L3
Prometrium
Cough meds [more] [contents]
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3
Noscapine - Approved - NR
Decongestants [more] [contents]
Sudafed, L3 (for
Halofed, acute use)
Pseudoephedrine Approved C
Novafed, L4 (for
Actifed chronic use)
Diabetes meds [contents]
Note: Insulin has not been reviewed by the AAP. Pregnancy risk category = B; Lactation risk
category = L1.
Oramide,
Tolbutamide Approved D L3
Orinase
Diarrhea meds [contents]
Imodium,
Pepto Diarrhea
Control,
Maalox
Antidiarrheal
Loperamide Approved B L2
Caplets,
Kaopectate II
Caplets,
Immodium
Advanced
** Note: Pepto-Bismol & Kaopectate (bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in both)
are not recommended for routine use by nursing moms, due to the association of salicylates
with Reyes syndrome in children. [more]
Diuretics [contents]
Dazamide,
Acetazolamide Approved C L2
Diamox
L4 (may
Bendroflumethiazide Naturetin Approved D inhibit
lactation)
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Chlorothiazide Hydrodiuril Approved D L3

Chlorthalidone Hygroton Approved D L3
Hydrodiuril,
Hydrochlorothiazide Approved D L2
Esidrix, Oretic
Spironolactone Aldactone Approved D L2
Galactagogues (milk supply) [more] [contents]
Domperidone Motilum Approved - L1
Heart, Blood Pressure meds
[contents]
(Antiarrhythmics, Antihypertensives, Cardiac stimulants)
     Antiarrhythmics
Norpace,
Disopyramide Approved C L2
Napamide
Flecainide Tambocor Approved C L3
Mexiletine Mexitil Approved B L2
Pronestyl,
Procainamide Approved C L3
Procan
Quinaglute,
Quinidine Approved C L2
Quinidex
     Antihypertensives
L3 (if used
Captopril Capoten Approved D after 30
days)
Cardizem Sr,
Dilacor-XR,
Diltiazem/Diltiazem HCL Approved C L3
Diltiazem,
Cardizem CD
C (1st
trim.)
Enalapril/Enalapril Maleate Vasotec Approved L2
D (2nd, 3rd
trim.)
Hydralazine Apresoline Approved C L2
Trandate,
Labetalol Approved C L2
Normodyne
Methyldopa Aldomet Approved C L2
Toprol XL,
Metoprolol Approved B L3
Lopressor
Loniten, L2
Minoxidil Minodyl, Approved C (topically)
Rogaine L3 (orally)
Corgard,
Nadolol Approved C L4
Nadolol
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Adalat,
Nifedipine Approved C L2
Procardia
Apsolox, Slow-
Oxprenolol Trasicor, Approved - NR
Trasicor
Propranolol Inderol Approved C L2
Sotalol Betapace Approved B L3
Timolol Blocadren Approved C L2
Calan, Isoptin,
Verapamil Approved C L2
Covera-HS
     Cardiac stimulants
Lanoxin,
Digoxin Approved C L2
Lanoxicaps
Laxatives [more] [contents]
Cascara/Cascara Sagrada - Approved C L3
Danthron - Approved - NR
Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1
Senna - Approved - L3
Malaria meds [contents]
Aralen, Novo-
Chloroquine Approved C L3
chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil Approved C L2
Pyrimethamine Daraprim Approved C L4
Quinine Quinamm Approved D L2
Medical Testing [more] [contents]
Diatrizoate - Approved - NR
Fluorescein - Approved C L3
Gadopentetic (Gadolinium) - Approved C L2
Iohexol Omnipaque Approved B L2
Iopanoic acid Telepaque Approved D L2
Metrizamide Amipaque Approved B L2
Metrizoate Isopaque Approved B L2
Migraine meds (see also: pain meds) [more] [contents]
Sumatriptan Imitrex Approved C L3
Sedatives [more] [contents]
Aquachloral,
Chloral hydrate Approved C L3
Noctec
Methyprylon (withdrawn from
- Approved - NR
use in US & Canada)
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Bromide - Approved D L5
Secobarbital Seconal Approved D L3
Sleep Aids [contents]
Zolpidem/Zolpidem Tartrate Ambien Approved B L3
Steroids [contents]
Methylprednisolone Solu-Medrol,
[  high dosage Depo-Medrol, Approved C L2
methylprednisolone] Medrol
Prednisolone - Approved C L2
Deltasone,
Prednisone Meticorten, Approved C L2
Orasone
Thyroid meds [more] [contents]
Carbimazole - Approved D L3
Methimazole (active metabolite
Tapazole Approved D L3
of carbimazole)
Propylthiouracil PTU Approved D L2
Thiouracil - Approved - NR
Synthroid,
Levothroid,
Levothyroxine Approved A L1
Thyroid, Levo-
T, Levoxyl
Tuberculosis meds [contents]
Cycloserine Seromycin Approved C L3
Ethambutol,
Ethambutol Approved B L2
Myambutol
Isoniazid INH, Laniazid Approved C L3
Rifadin,
Rifampin Approved C L2
Rimactane
Vitamins [more] [contents]
B-1 (thiamin) - Approved - NR
B-12 (Cyanocobalamin) - Approved A L1
L2; L4 in
high doses
B-6 (pyridoxine) - Approved A
(may inhibit
lactation)
Calciferol, L3 (do not
D, vitamin Approved A
Delta-d overdose)
Folic acid - Approved A (1st, 2nd L1
trim.)
C (3rd
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trim.)
K-1, vitamin (Phytonadione) - Approved C L1
Riboflavin/B2  - Disetujui A L1
Miscellaneous [contents]
Acitretin (Anti-psoriasis) Soriatane Disetujui - NR
Alcohol/Ethanol [more] - Disetujui D L3

Zyloprim,
Allopurinol C L2
Lopurin Disetujui

Antimony - - NR
Disetujui

Atropine (Anticholinergic, Belladonna,

C L3
drying agent) Atropine Disetujui

Azapropazone/apazone
Rheumox - L2
(Antirheumatic) Disetujui

Lioresal,
Baclofen (muscle relaxant) C L2
Atrofen Disetujui

Barbiturate - - NR
Disetujui

Vivarin,
Caffeine [more] B L2
NoDoz, Coffee Disetujui

Carbetocin (Antihemorrhagic) Duratocin - NR

Disetujui

Chloroform - - NR
Disetujui

Cisplatin (Anti-cancer) Platinol D L4

Disetujui

Avlosulfon,
Dapsone (Antileprosy) C L4
DDS Disetujui

Hydroxychloroquine
Plaquenil C L2
(Antirheumatic, lupus) Disetujui
Iodides - - NR
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Disetujui

Iodine - - NR
Disetujui

Iodine (povidone-iodine, eg, in

- - NR
a vaginal douche) Disetujui

Ivermectin (Antiparasitic) Mectizan C L3

Disetujui

Nalidixic acid (Urinary Anti-

NegGram B L4
infective) Disetujui

Norsteroids - - NR
Disetujui

Pyridostigmine (Muscle Mestinon,

C L2
stimulant) Regonol Disetujui

Transderm
Scopolamine (Motion sickness) C L3
Scope Disetujui

Sulfapyridine Dagenan - NR
Disetujui

Timolol (glaucoma med) Blocadren D L3

Disetujui

*  Per the AAP Policy Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human
Milk, revised September 2001.
 Approved: (Table 6) Maternal Medication Usually Compatible With Breastfeeding
 Caution: (Table 5) Drugs That Have Been Associated With Significant Effects on
Some Nursing Infants and Should Be Given to Nursing Mothers With Caution
 NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by the AAP.

** Per Medications' and Mothers' Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2004 edition).
 Lactation Risk Categories   Pregnancy Risk Categories 
 L1 (Paling Aman)  A (studi terkontrol menunjukkan tanpa
resiko)
 L2 (Aman)
 B (tidak ada bukti risiko pada manusia)
 L3 (Cukup Aman)
 C (risiko tidak dapat dikesampingkan)
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 L4 (Kemungkinan Barbahaya)  D (bukti positif resiko)

 L5 (Kontra Indikasi)  X (dikontraindikasikan untuk Ibu Hamil)

NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has