Bale lL*tL39

3-s 01 03

Contents

vii

KNshhiri P'ndi6 and lndt!k

Cultur'l tadilions

FronlheEarlvTincs to 19'l?
Kashhiri Psndits ttroughllistort:
Deix
Ibhinusupir and lheShlirireTradnion otrltr Si'add
'

of K'stniri Ptndits
So.irlsfucrure lnd Cultu'llld'nntv
3.1
ofKsshnin llindus
R.ligious Rituah 'nd RilmlAds

rnd Pocrica
(ashnirt Contriburlon toS'nskrir Pockv

101
SontKrshnlrt Pandll liistorlographer

shrin6 rnd P ilsrimrge Pl lccs

anrrnrrh Th. Abode ofthocod oflmnrorttlirv

t0.
 Currunar HBnrrace
OF
KRSTTttltTRI PANDITS

Edit"d bi

S.S. Toshkhani and K Warikoo

,lsn.d ,nd.t the auspi* af

HIIIIALAYAN RESEARCH AND CULTUTIAI- FOUNDATTON

0,
!tfl.I{G l ,0fl{S S
 Preface

Krshfrtr k nol tumly ascd{Fce.bur n ftc sco cultur'lnsti\ fsn which lhought
ard
od.lDLc b'"Ji- rh^ n he.o '' n" of pe". d'_r ' ded n'
'$'
a.r rl i' r.i/r.,l.ho' I_LconoDrr'. T o ' \a r!o r hTi
*r^ld -"*'arJH ?lJ otr. orl -ded'D'i';oS'b'
. *-.;, '."\".". r*.0.-'' i. elrri I rh'
NvaEncssorihisseo8Ephy$disa.rus.lladorinddcnnininglhefimUcolthcnselv$
aMlhsfso.ir!andculturdnicnliry lnthis sens, n.mbe*idthxinorcdff r l'ndscapo'
Kashmf hdbeernnlidsapcordhcrrnldeogamcPrcsentingculiunlsvndrcfr's*hosc
The hnlory ol
deaninss lchoed far beyond i$ fhysicrlbod s crN in dissnt lands
olrhe ralues
Kshmi;iPaMits h.s been synoiymous for a larsr psr with rhc deep corc
dsned ftom this intifr.q' 6d*cci nan and oitu't'
Thk h:sbccnund.rl ned bv $.consendionbv 6c KadmiriPardnsofthcnhnd as
inenbodimc ollhn.!.rhe&ulhroofHinlla]rs,anJhcrdilinccoDsonShivr I'e'hDs
rb is sh' {ltrt ancienficxrs rcpcdcdly crLl it Kaslnnir rtl.r&/', a iame $a( cncods s|rrllal
in l"-".r, *srcd geognphv ThcsvohoLisdth th' r(ii signifis
""a.-p',orl.*"
erompr$sbothlhcseogmpbilaln.rring.fazoNortlaDdand'coslicspltico'ci'lc
snhrhcorcsidingd.iqo.ctrpyiisrhcccnhlspot nrc,J.tr&/'rlsosl'mboli^srsrdin'd
.o\mi.;rrnide.!ciltaftodiig!oBtddhis ert,hrvi'Uca"'dorftsidcn'cotrda'/"r'
orrcsidc8mirslsopadslnallrhcscconnorsrionsrb!rsir''d"'/'secmsrobc'elev'nt
to Kashnir r\ the babit ofilsoriSirrlpeoplc,ihePanJic rlso lno$n s
s' shosc
"{tu
hnrory has lreen synoDlmotrs {irli rhcgloncsolrhis land lioD rhr earli's 1lfrcs
do*n ro
rhi\d;y li is dry whose irsoiuny iltomin.tcd everv aspcdoflhcculitrnl cllrcs o' nnd
r.,rl'1" cra""'our ottl" UnA Thc taxoionv olKrslnnn '1l4"'/z hm gco_|oLiilcrl
Erni6.dionsrvhen ote takcs inro conslder.rion rhc crlcDded sphcre ol
(horirv and
iauen..orrhcvdllcyotrrsidcilstmlo.irlfronlie6Oc.upvi'rercentalpla'cinlltrNondd
uorldofHimalayanculturc, K6hmihascotrlribured irs sereie vision and deep wisdom ro
thc dcvc lopncn! o I is unique tad it ons Prcmpre'l by h istorica I lacton and Eeosmph i.a I
loc.rion, rho p.oplc inhabirhg.his vst zotre bave beef shaiie wnh eacl orherrclieious
beliels and p6c!i.$, itud bchaviour and mod anitudes, anisr c sryles rtrd archirectoral
leaNrcs, lolklore and byrbi.il hgends rhrough cenories of
o$ resionalexchmg* and
soci.l intEiaclions .procc$inwhich rhescholrsricandanisic prodiviries rndaclivitGs
olK.shhni Pandirs haveplayed apenasire role Ancieni chmnic lers hav. npcat.dly
refened ro the inrinate hisloncal and cultuml liDks d,at exised bclw.cn Kashnt rnd Kan8ft,
Chambi, Kullu.nd Spiri oneend andTaxila, CatrdhmrndKrbul Vallcy at rhc olh.'.
wirhrheKa*oridyistycomingropoNe4rhenoliticalsuzcrainryolKashmfcx(cndcdro
many.R in nonh Indlabesids Aaghanisbnrnd pdsofc.nhl Asia Ir*$ indccJ a
.endpelal $orld wirhKashmnlnd iispeople, the Pandits. in tft cmft.
Fron.v.ilable lilerary e!ide'ces, Kashmir app3rrs to havc bccn a hub olVcdic
civiliz.tion, lhc grcat Smskil grummarian rrnini s,ls[/d/r]!-vi b.in! thc fi6( {c Fhich
mrkesrdircrn.ntionofirsname.Paranjrli,rariDi\famouscomnrcrkrorandcclcbntd
autho'ollhe f,g.rr?as, also appea^ b be wellrcquinlcd wirh rhcVallcy aid ns pcoplc
whom he crlhK.r,'r,r .s. Accodireto somes.holan lafunjali binscltbc]ongcd io
Kashmn, *hich h.s bc.n idcntincd by zimmer *irli the Munjvanr rcgion Rclcrcdccs !o
Kashmn.rn.ho bc lound r lhe tt rdbl'alar, and a vholc hoi olPudiic lncniulc
inclftin9thc^,tatstr, v6ru PoA'tu, vi:h t^nd fxh h.rnahaPnars.Thclsrofthcq
Nhlch gives rhe nane t'ard$ita or rhc rcgion ofrhc Vilaia ro Kashnir, n bclicvcd ro hrve
bscn Nrilen ir Kdhmn itselt
we neetrheseancientpeople in n.sh md blood lor lhc ld liincon Ihcpags ofthe
N,/an,!, P,,?rr, a slxrh ceDlu.y Srnskir lcxr lrom Kashfr n, riinig rnd co-minglingwirh
or loundalionsol.l$(nN.iviltriiotr on rhc brnks
her d hnic .nd soclal groups to lay rtu
ollhe Vit.$a, nspned by acommiimcnt to high hun.n ralucs'id in,bucd wiih rspintol
sublihny. Thc M/a,,ar, A,ra,, *hich rclalcs 6c lcgcid ol Ktshntrk e.msis lrom ihe
\vd€is olihc pnnordiollakecalledS isr,sivcsapicrurcoldrcrcligiousaMculhnLlife
dllheearly Kshn rn, rheiorebearm ollhcprsml Jry KNhDtr PaDdirs, in vividddril
ll pdnnys lhcn as elersponiveandjollulpcoplc",lnidgripcrlcciha'ronylirhrhen
ndraLenvnons rhoseetrrapturing beau(y lhcy oftcn cxccllcd 1i lhotrSlir aM sp;it. They
areshoNn.s libsolnindeda aesL\crically scnsilivc pcoth who celcbmtd numercls
feniuh Rnh gay abandoi aDidstDiucb sinsingmddanriig A dnarkabh rcture ofthen
soci.lbehlviourrvsrheaadi'rs*nh*bichlhcls:!crhctrlotrrcDUrmstictdltedom
ol dovcmcnt ai d acriviq They loved ro lrcqucn I girncns wh $c ncn rnd women sponed
freely dd adofrcd each anorher uifi no$.r sarla'ds.id ciJoycd w ft spons in shich
)oung{oicnscrcespeclallyenjoineduponropaniripdc.Aidof.ourscdtywerepiously
delorcd ro rhctrCods*howeresonlippcJ innumrons rc lpl.said pla.s orpilgrimrge
,h.'Fdored'\cearr*rt) rneer Kam'shcod'ra ! l::l:: ;:Iil:
.-"'n. *,r.*t",r",r'.A.'pt"n'prcialo'c6Lon\ rn'cn or K' hmia Pdndi c'
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 At $e socickl hvcl. Kashntr shaivism tjcch dirT*enccs olcanc, crccd rnd gsnder
511

and.lloss evcryonc ro bc iniri.rcd ifio irs lold Flom vasugute, ro whod lhc lhilosophv
sd icvealed in thc gniccDtury in thc lorm ofsttz S,tdr ibscnrinaltxr,roSomananJa,
Bh d ra Kalana, UlpalJcv r and A bh inavaeuFq a linc o lgEar na$c6 erpoundcd,
inieqrreled
in or oqn
a'd prcpagared 6c Joct n* ol K6hn ir Shrivism down 1o Ssrmi Lakshmrnj oo

tim.s. AbhiMvastrpra, rhc cdrc* olrlEm all, Srve ii I firn epiicmdloEical ard
philosophical lotrnddiotr rnd inlcgare{l irs Jillmnr sc|ooLs Xru a Krla Vahdand
Az4drrit,inlootrcD,onisri.vnioi,bringi.srhcorrllunddrheflbncofT kr lnre'enr
y.ris. schohn r ctu$ rhc vorLd havc beeD sho$ii g ar inftasinS nrerei in nu dviD g vliou s
Npccsolitsphiloso ymdptuxis TbepreseDrrcluDccr;saninsielntulandlllunrimting
p.pc by rhs \dl ktro*n S.isknt scholar, Dr. Rrjnkh Mshrr on rhc histo'ical,
epistmologicrl. onrologicxl:ndsp..ul!rieeasp.c$ oi Kashmn\Trika Shaivisn
AiotlHclosdy rcldcdshoololntsricphilosothvrhatdcvoloped*irhin rhc roLd ol
Ifh isshakismorrlf MoiherCodde$cu1lNhi.h scxtentlvpopularrmoig Kashmin
H,ndussincercrycdlyrimes NorshipofShakri inhcr'rnil*Mtionsas Shmiko, Rrgrva,
tnpurxaDdhahlonnsrhecomcsroNoirh*nf.irhiitheveryKashminHinduhousehold
britreorienl.dru\drdsoreorolhqofthesgodJc$csasilslurElarydeitvThccorcconcepl
oarhncuhi\ rhar rltr ulrimare r.aliry n feDriDinc li cscncewiththe lielielhaviigb'co't
!n rDteqml pan olxadimniP.ndtrelicious LiL
$ hilc mmy cl.n,cDh ol(h. non dual Shaiva rndition hrve foutrd ihef wav i[to the
i.lnlardrilualsystcnrdopEdbyKashminPrndirs,tlicdurlhdcPuranicmodcofsoKhip
! norc \iddy 0rcvrlenl al rhc popular lerd Thc.rnien fom ir rook sas lha!ordt
tirr,rprr.c,lrNhicl,arue.6rohrvebeenlh.d.dcolvoffhipbeforeAshokaiNr'duced
!-J,l!xmliKad,mn.tsythc71r'cemurynudtShrivaTantic dAsamicculGhadDnde
r:i::F$r.trcc The dualis..tiddra,r, Shairism,Rhich h.snaivconcspB.onmoD virh
-::::..61,n shaivrslncn n ato said ro hrvc lDd iis binh inKashmnand*astrcvrknl
: : : :.i:\i,ni Hindus in exly timcs Though Shi'ars i popll& deirv liom a vcry r'mo€
r.-.:.::rnism.l$occupiedadomintrl.sirionvirhrdcepimpacronvdtiousrs0(s
r.': ::i-hnin Hindus.as indi.^\cdby t\a Nilanata P tnd zad vAhnklhon)attura
: : ::_:: riahciPopdarilyalongNnhsoahipolorhtrsodsofrh!FiMuFniheon
r r :: :- :::i!d nrolhcbalkgrcDdandloins imponaDccasrh.domDrntfaithof
::: :::: : : : r::::,m\: Tiitri. cuholP'..l,/r/, nounshcd i' ctrdv Kashmf .id
'i - : ::l:ltrrshdislintLrhrc l!foundirsexprasioni'rrdroorsiscvldctrt
' .:.. :' i:r::iolrhcfouchcadedVishNolrheearlvncdrcvrlpe'iod.lhclour
: : ::: i,r'rrrc dcircsof theculr
. PC " 'L 'n N.q ' n eel.(d
r , e
r-::: '
f, :loir.diviryirdifferenrficldsoldandcrprcsion lhedcory
::: :: naarr jdhrl,4lJranroliprcbably(hc2idccDto.ttsC gendded
.livelv discussiod !hrousho rhe couDtry aboui rhc rclrrionship b.rwccn rhe acihcric
erpsiercemdrhc.cshdiobjecr,wrhK hnini(hink$risinganddtcnpriigrorcsolrc
rheb.!cissues In$.proccssomcollhenodfundamltrLconcepbollndianaerhc{ic
rhirkingqanEiniobcin!addcryshllizcdinroicosentrhcorvotrnnd.extE$ioi Prolound
thi'kss like Bhatr Lolr!ra, udbhahto, Shl,kukr, Bh{ta Nav:kr, Rudr.!!, Ruvvrki,
vahifra Bhata rnd BharaTaura dofrLnatd rhe dcbalc wirli rlrirperccprive ide and
rgun.n$, giving irr mca iretulditodron Onecan rbu!b. ove h.lncd bv t hcl lhar
all d. schools o I lnd ian a$rlicric ihou ghr Nerc fo mdcd bv Krshnr i.i ..$hcEs r1t'!la'L'd
shodlbyBhaD,a ,Rrtshoolby Vmai!, ,/dtzi, sqhool bv Kunrako, D''r'inhool
by Anridaudhana i.d,4,./ii6? rnd ar'idd,/d shooh bv Kshemendn lt Nrs lhN bfll atri
dnosirionolBh rk\coi.cptofrds. byAbhinarasupothrr made tarheo!- inr'lralto
rlllndirn.srlieticallhi.knrgxlong{irhAilidaHrdhan.trvolutlonaryconcepiol"w'ri
o.toeri.$iggesrion.Mrmmirsynlhcsizedallr1ts.hoohNhiLeputingalinalscalo rhc
$Oeney oldr,?ff .-/hla,i thmr) TbisnEkesirimpo$ibleaor.n!!ierorhinkollMian
x. l,di.sNirhoullhcsrcarcoDtlbtrriotrrh Kashm ni Pand it th inkes lrxv' marl! ro ii
I' dc fie1d ol.rc.rnt lire Ne also a {hol! Srluvolbniliani Sinsknt Lvrile6
conrprhcd olKrshfrkn Dam od.r.gupb Javanra Bhata. S ofradela. B ilhi da Kalhr na
Ksliemendra.Nrsnkhr, Bhil r, ro iarneotrlv rf$r' I'r tndrhec.rllesiliienrv{ork inihc
bfouq. jhd s e\hl rodav s sljlanrlikts tucc P,r'dra./i*,, a rla,, or onc ador Plav,
*.e".a rry *r,"1,'" ro il* +'i "citurv In th. 9'i centu4' aDorlier briliLrDr p1av,
,lg,,r,r.,iDal, $as {i(c hyJry.nra Rhatr which iNicadoffollo*ins tbc blard trck
or.onventio! derls i h rbn.usc subjeds lilt! logic and philosophv b0i podmvs
Ldlosyncnvcsoaphilosophfts rnd found sol'anousschools.ndculrsdIrcdrniclevcl
trs irt.ei hcs ir rhc \ty i!cxl)oses hlrocisie\. prcl!nsions rnJ squabbl's ol"Psef
hrncs
svnrhcss
oluriouscoitemporary trligiou! scds ftoulh irctrdso' rno!eolh:monvaDd
lDrhel0'hlzLhccnruricssomeolrheve.)bsrSrnskrir\$rerroIKNriDine\pic$ed
rrtriRlves n iarrrivc, h Fro'ical .nd lvrical glnts rDd rrodlled ftnry ir{erpieccs in
Nhrrc:nbcqltled anuiusuriupn4eoamdirnv Bred on kles ltum GuDrdhv' s lo$
Rfri'ir,rrd son Jcva\ raarr,5..6aPdrd nth.lrcndt largdcollcdron olnodcs a
s.urce ol.aleslorrln,o{rlldt hneuse\ol1hc1'o.ld.rrcnabk occan iideed tsilhaM
s

lound expNsi.n in ndative $\cllas lv.nalpod'v Ilis r*'?harkadoa Chdr'

-qenius
idovda,ls objcdivc rhc6olhtrrorvi.(o niagintrril.ifrprcrisalioi orcouncnlture *hih
hh Cld!r,p.,.rot'il, is ai lntensd), lyricrl e\prc$Lon olhighiv sensuous feelinls
(rlhrm silhhn keef senscof hiiorvaid soundrudgmentolftcD and mdr'B pioncc(d
thc tldirion olhnro'iogmphJ- iD lnd:i Hn ftdirion Ms lolio{cd bv Jon'mja, Shnvan'
PnjnlabhdbnJdshukasho$rorsscquchiohGinnonrlchroirclc $e Rujata n:auri'
Kshcnendn. rnoLtelorand lirerarvgc ius,prolificrortpnl.r'sihelint'noignie!rud
srskr t nxicrs of Kshnt b Lsc satt rs I rveapon ofso'irl critic6n lnhn
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*'..-rr.^.*-O'p n'' -uis ir ssultu\d !nnas!
 n ItmaybcpoinrcdourrhalthcsecondDhaseot.h.Bhakri
poeric valuN rha!disri'gnis|
upsuee mK.shniripodryrhrrtookfircc i', rhc I3 -19sccnru.yandthEsnpgrear,rlo
poeblikcPdah.iind,I'nkmhRanKu.igrnlardKrnhnijoonazdanwasinspirc'lbylhe
vlishnara Bh.k! tudrerrntof .odh lndia Thcy wnc a dcdicrrcd s.i olpoeh forwhom
Bhak!s.snorane.rsrornendbullhehiBhcsicndriscllll\yaswirhrheirarivalonthe
liruary sc*E rvith rhen concepr oh leFom| God \'ho .an bc adoRd and loved and io \rhom
prayd crn be rddEsed rllt rhe Bhakti n,ovcni cnr !dtrrlly ]$umed theshafe ola dis!i*
tcnd in Kashmni lirenture
Prrim an rnd, $ho sFa.herdtd the Diovcn sr. tr as i ro*dng lirmry fisure of h is time.
'lh. pnpet Pdra|ranand: Dentianol Rqnft\ uf rrlh( Ltla prscn\ rh. srinr poer in a
rclrcshingly new pdspedive, undediring ft LnrcNc dcvoliodaltssion rhd inlomshir
sorks.nd rhe high sp;ituaLvalues rhey enslfinc I"hn'.rjorfaiidiyclo s,Rrrr,
Sdrdt)r n'JSr.l.nrd Chdnt,he usesrl{ thcmcorKrkhm\ divincpl.y (ocxpourJ by
meansotdlLegor] a profound philosopl,y ol lovc rlEr rcoSrizs dcvorion is rho only \yay
to*ekthesuprcmerealiq His Rrdhrisacc4ioi olpurcbc.uryaidjoy, r.prcs.ndng rhc
iDten\e lorginC olthchunan sonl tbr tullidcitificarion wrh God.Ii Sutlunta Chdritnc
suggensrharthroughdissolutionole-qoalonccanorcSanrhc$il,qrocxpcicnccrhcbliss
6atcom$ rhmush God\snce.
Familiaity yith the iory ofRamr existd in Kashn,ir sincc vcry cr.ly rimcs as is
t sifi ed by rhe nlnerous relerence ! an d a Llusior s io the f,,, ar?i, charrdrs ar d .pNodes
in Kan,miri oral lii*rtuie Like }rddirg songs, ballrds, $yings. Drov bscrc Burirthc
*titlctlti' Pnkash Rahnlan or nd,J,,,r,r Cr,rir by F.akash Rrm Kurgrmi. rhc onLy
Krshniiri,ezrdld,atohaveaptearedinrrin.isrRorkoiiremcDdourl]opulr.rpNrL Thc
io*h obviousallego.icaL hahres\irhthepoeia$ediDgdd,eou
Rrma isa bridge thar hk* ore rcro* ihe rirerofdesi.e'. Al anorh.rp are he inrerpk6
il,e io.y m r nrussle hersren lorc.s of rnlh and laLsehood'.Ir is an.xtaordina.r-
,{dDd}a,,inwhi.hRrvanrisshorhsSirr'sLrher.nd S .isshotrnre\olringa8.ins
Rdn.lowd slheond.idthelo.al.olourfsoprotuscrha.rhcci!rcsroryscemsrobesc!
inKchnn.ThechipterIr3x.,,r.,uofh.rt,txtsh,'.iP.eqeldiuiEsrhisbeautitul
Rork and.iso throlvs li!b! on shal rhc orhci unpublnbed Ranay0ras in rhe KaslDiri
lrnguage have 1o ofd ro rhesud.nr olKashmn1po..ry.
Kashmid ah*dpoetytouchs iahighNdcmdk in KJishiajoo Raz'lan, dr lilring
cadences ol{hose derolion suffuscdpocns h.\c o haunlie beaut lboul rhe'n lren
rithout doubt rhc mo$ nusicll olell Kashmii poet, h,eh acoudic v,lues lomiins the
nain$.y olhis tremendous appeai Regardiig Bhaktias rhe cultivarion olan cmolioml
icl.tionshtp wnh God dhtr lban !i itrreihcrual Esponse to rlie *nrenlial siruarion, he dirct
hisdcvolionrowadsborhShivaan'lKl shnqhischokndeiries, likelhe grealMaidiliDocr
Vidyudi Hn ncllinuous soiss oiKrishia s /rJalrb aidrhe mynic mion ofShiva and
shrh.ton r -t F.vryhou dno!o Ks trrr
-_F o' "d r'h_ rcnmCr cmLoC'"r
,;; L) \ 'Brrr por{'in''oqr^ oafF!be cr- r
;.';;";;*:'."
;.;.-;"'"."orrh'L r dct'R P" sB dd rdo\ecveMlrns
"",".."-.,"-.;; "","..^' ( e,' dc oddi'o ro'e &rr'ngrh" o eo'
::1"::,, ;;;;',"-; no.ndd\d roron
- "",;- "",'e, s Kr' \nEod R',,i- d
i,;: *i ;,';;" """,-',
urnd "id en hdhc- I is'rAzDod
"_i'. .,l,";, "' '"r\"s'h'onpo'i' oinr Di'rcr 1'( \:''s umupu
il'"..1.,',=1.,r:..,.".", e.tomt o' \'' dd kn h - "d R"r' trho d \'
,;;:,;; ;." ". -,".or unoe' c'n' err' r"r'
....^,-1,,n,'",*,,"t_-"- * unl'm' I 'oe'oed'h'
::::,: ":: :;.;"..,,, . Fa, f n E". de o,on &in'ioo'ha" ip*' 1dn\

;;1.:. ";.;;";. .n -'e' ra"erp ForoF \"nr'dirnBn'rs'rne

--:-".- ',-;"";" nr4 ad{on6-dar'fe
'- ,^": ,,, \,h en,in{reao'dE
oro :'r*r$ r- 'e''r'' r-0 '
"ll" . ;,. .;"''"., 'hg'R
"',"L ' , -) eJaB 'p'd rbdoc no'cro
"J''"i. ' 't"\r'i\' -r.**." as inr'r'1dnn' 01
,h.."":'. i"";i:"".. ""
'.p*,rn drbc^- irr'c-r'rorntl)/e l'cJ'inc e
_ ;"1'- "'"" ii' \ lh''eL
""" ;;"1,,. . - ..-"o*.,.""r" \o' i'n' \o"'ff carp'
:;: ;.,., \4aloo n pep( nn R"d"
.:;.;i",.;,,, " "-;',".i" ;;"' c adr' b Pn' \- t rtrec.z, "ry'*r c\ds t, .-
;""_j ;;i ,o. M,he.d'..arrcod em
r'"-ur\'
::.;""";' ".,"",
;;"J J"rhd m Nr4med'u m'r'e' dr'po
-$
1. .."" hoo' of s. r.codpJ o-rnr'( tu'e.,n'hc 3
_ ^:l:"1:'" ",..
l'. :;;-.1;:,.,.1,." .*'nom,. ^ nouen oo cde\dar'co
'= ' -.', ;":;. '.1
-=t"'t"* I...aah!.u red. ndaFri"rk' 'e o '|b!Kstn'
_- t'"""t' ""
-= : :.- "
- .:. i ."ii-i.-oi.nibet comnssioned r2 Kashnin Cmdn) dhts thoueh
, - ..-' -. -:. ; ;,;;i ;;.r' j' r03 Buddhist monlddies
-'"
inqruding MinB'rns in
*" to i3 d-d I €'oab ! l CuC'
"
,
""'r" ' " -'
(sna Pfdr"r"Do\"'N" - I lc oht
. ,, - :-'
.]'.: -" . .'i . 'lrdrr-d
'+'rr"oe''n 'b-ndo o
-^. . . n.n J
"-*o'-**t
r, 'r"o* "d nrn'?s'o rrlodg!dF'
":":-
:-:1i,; ,.,, , ;."."- ^.b'" 'oJu"'opo cr'UD'e rr
"'*r
ii ihe n$ rom orninia're painlinBs' r(inenry
,,;i;;".';'' ;;''.*."...;ttafd
'."'.,, ;';'",'""'"'*' or\orh' orro c{o nt
'".'"'' ..:J
:,';.""::;,". ''"
one! 'enro n'c'tre'orh
,,. ;,i";'; .." . p......'" .l'"-'". 1 -. rup "-d o- N!'i r'|
'.-
:,.".:;".'-..* ; i ';" \k-oneP'' 'hoo!'f'1n" r'"vs'
d
 bcci elrbonrcry rclared bv P N K.chn in his lrper K,'"t/ F" dib Otistakns ol
Pahori Konln nhoa1af itn
h^ :" lidatlhc
"h*;dK*hnir\.ontrbutionrorhedcrcloPmenrormu
Akhimo6ary 6dls by Gedrka KrN (hc' is in teepin! Rnh rhc orrhe
'bsendion
Alchininno\tvh$imponan(thdiAianra'
"rl"-t"tll"t*"r-"pta,oJ"palrhd
;;d* hish,r "rlidi"."n ciii"s*ellrnolnrrd'urhodltlivcsourc*'shecontndslh'r
ii",.-""-,ler'rtitron*r,syll"r;'u'depigtuPhLcrlrvid'trrrsrot'o\clh KAhrtvallc!
;",""...;* o' op'"r' 'dr
ir.r - r**J.. rr\2. sid n !rp'( rhe\ e Llrn\i
" v-,*-a r...rrr*A "r,i"o.v o pailial hkory'$cftad(olrhs volrncsill have 3
' .* ,,i'r"i i"i,.i ,u 'r"*"r, '*hi.h
thc Krshfrnirandih hrd ro pa$ llotri the
'mlG$
rhc
u..,i.,r",1.."i*ai,t.o"o-aencci.apoigna nitraiivebtPrcrTcj'rihDhar
ulbcgin'iig'agloriousniddkrnJ
""0,..U*.**"^"".*"i*,asoLdrndcolou
,.",,"*,",*O*n o"*tt.thenpr$nr0redn nml'hcobsresG rhcirdqeMl
lallcv is leadinsro a
i'*.",*,t "rrl.--w
r"rl"Ninslhcirrc'enr exodus rrom thc
rrre n"arivt
ri *m"l \"" -" ir* r"osing $!n identfiiblc ctrhuml msked
"i,,",..
o?qn' ,1.' rhc. o 'o ei'Fd'J .l''r8tr'n" -\ - naP n ta?'
i.,,-' .." - r*" on-' -e r n' \or hco;oh' I'"i'bsr '
"'
i,.,..,-.,,a..*'s." .r" 'oo\jr1 Rd o hcr''urL
,,"","J,,t, *a, '
.'r'"i'.;.', -.er u'r a' o 1optr\or''ne d !u'
'J,i;,; *".,*"""','":' " btrilr r'npL's rnd r;ldr'r rorp'opLe ordirrdcit
"1":i"'* -,.,*s l'dir:diila Ava rivamn l:vasinihrladrbcr'rc
.",*""1""t
l"' lit"tishovtrti tLso rorlhctreood d'cds x'd nobLe ads llre
"r...t:"r"".*.ishk
"".',"0 "rr..a. -r"^
';..;",,J;.. r'\'-oopn
;1. :;; : a' '" , ".. e he' rr"d n
;;.:.;,;"".
-".,.*..r",0, '"" ' r"" ra'craoua'r'c'oirr
, u.ioo't.. o.'Tdrolh- dj

reLlc\urc
' the(rdeL 3g nr I'n
o i \'J'!o
;; ;-.... .".".; deo"on!
;;'" ";.",. , ,,. , o. . b 'e
""
::." -',,:;;.:;". , Lr' ... ' in(''1n $-
;;;" ";"'^ e r' 'r'! 'r?o'd'
.r';:.;..,';,"4. oe'p"d-no.o n.r''r^\' s' r'd''
;.,,';'',;.;,'i"..'.' \ma-.P'o'''''ne.o'dil
i ;";;;;,;;^,,',.",;"" ..," c o,'o...r,'' v'
I i]"- s*". 1"" *,"rmn ro seek isvlun $ilh llre king who sho\*s hir
",i.*".'
{
 and qulmirniEs in rhc eiablishDen!
:,::Jl!lnrc ufod !h.n onlv to bc 'epri'l bv peddv'
I ;Lm tuh Lh\cbY sh! L Mn
\ 'rar'rano
oled
.'""-,a r'0"'" o rHd'ndiP$dr-
__ """ o \!''tiDodr'1d
' " '
;';.:,;;:1,.:;'";;
":". ;; ; -, r,r r- K r" {- drEtb
". ""
^i'r' 'h'm -u "q-o
".",,' Arrrgo'm{ be- sno-ghc'dr
. -..'l::.;; .:;;.;.,."',p-..
; ;;., rncrr' rrioo or' m"o -\(r'a-rn"'i'on
^, ' ,.
'hFned

.. ";" ;;'i":
:- -:,:.,,;,;,; ' aL2'' -Katr "c1'nod.i"3
""-ruRo
., nr\rrh'u|c':n'l' d' "'Jdtr"a-dur-'d
".,,
""""" 'o ''1J Akb* rcpearld punirivc !rx* rikc /':42 which was
.--: ,;:'il;:l*-';,;-"iio;
' rF,ltr.cdbl zr ! \biLlin
"i,:i.'.
b'rr 'l-rl'c'ncor*'l c
_-'J..-
^ ;" '"'e'"'*od' !'r" r! o cuic/cb
. """.,'.:. Jr'
. * ,11,-.' so( jloo 'r 4n\3 'odi'$*'hP
legB'n!'u' o hct b
' '" ' , ..-"" " "'"""! ostD'o h' un'
' ' " " ;^" ";J'; ;'''n'-r 'L ; \- o \\' ' r 'o\a'q o"eoouhc
K"' rd
::"":",:";i; ";;;;'t,s"d^-ro-r"d'' IFas-n'oDDr'cd
- . - l;lil,."";l''" '' rtL i" 'oe*,!trr .r'/\'c\'
:i;"".","'', 'rhK^rs Dtr' rn'seooieo '!cn
.: - -::; ' i,;;:; . o """" "-.r'
'i$:r) i ' rdrii': ' d !
'"""- ebr !r ure
' . -omin"do'
' "";; | " I'e o or' 'oma" P" r' \rnd
"'".i.
";.;;'''.;^ o"'"""""-'"'"''i"(I- "4
j ,: ,.,..;;,; ""^- .'u- iDh-,
-' "l " -;;; ". _!'r 'i sdlo pneo
"." ". '\" brse numbes
'' . '- -_';;;i",' "tr"'"' "gdirxl rhe randils killiDe rhen in
: . ." .;
' ;..;"; ".;;"",.."
:, ,;'.," "" LrKldnit \/ nvr" Pd'r'a o,r
' .- :..,:;;;; K;."-i;i Prdii r$dtr dmd$ind)*dibn*riu"h iaja
Kashnn But sbctr ihc sikhs e'c'rualv
sEized
,' . - ." . .:.;;i;;";;uer wmled
losl ivluslms' And Nhen Phool Singh
'. ' '_ iJ r"o *a pl'ndtr ar sli'rlar' BirbalDh prevcnlcdhimtomdoi'g
, . :.- ;';'"';
'"";'"
. -:l :n;h aid 4rcsive ncr rcs to rcNin in cofiol and in ihe l'Er
, _. -=:...., *"i,-r,Lo-o^ in dF rdniDht ionmrotpo$sbbi'ig
-.:]."'.,ltl.a*"-*.t u*rhingswen!ouiornietrcont'ldueb
intfr.l dissensionsaid schnms soonafte.Ranjil Sinsh\ dcrih l' thc cmerCinssirudiotr
ftsBnishhandcdorsdtlrmn .ndKashmf Skt!roCulrbSingh, 0sbeinginlhcDoSo

The Dogrt rulcn repbced rhc Pondns vith Panlbi Hind0s in rop echelons of thc
buresu rcy and snh chriiirn ni$iomrics poun8 in, aLloNcda Brifth Rcsidcn! ro bc
$itiotrednrSrin.ldrooverlookadnioist ncaffatrs Andrsnodcnizrrionw adoltd
is a srle policy fud senem $!ys ollilc $crc Ltrtoduced, (hc Paidiis rook do ii'n' in
$vrchiDsoRrftofl acquningpronciencyinPssiitrb kamingEiglishsoasro kc{Fce
Nith ihe changin! rimes lhencffonslcdrorhc$bblishmen!ofrhesnPfthpcollceein
SiDasar *hich.Mbkd rhed ro squne modcm cducatio' As politicalcons.iousrs damed
.'nong Kashmns. ihe P.ndit made corinion cruselilh Sheikh M"
$eaning him aLlry tio s.d.rim polnics,lo crcrt rhe Nlrional Conlcrcns andjoi' is
sogglo agrinnaurocr.lc ruk in rhc srxt ln 1917,$henhrd; i'
Mrb.njrtinallysiSn.drhe iNtrumc oaaccesionpaslngon acl ual fo\Ye' into rh' haids

Thc Fmdns have rhe dnlindion olhdving been pio.ccG in lndia ofrhs 3d of
his.riogrrphy,rhclackoashichhssbcenseenlorlon8as6cAchillcslrelotlbccounirv\
kholanictudinons Kalhinr, {irh hn d.cp undenranding olrrunrn nrtur. and his kccn
inieren in lhc afiairs ol1h. {orld round him has beflr $iJclv ed[ned for his Raiatannsinl
rsorkoltcmendousvdl€rordresnLdtolKashmirhislory'hihkprperonK6hminPandir
hisbnogaphe6.ProlMldraqAKa\v,blikhimforhisqlrlitiesrahkronatr\rhi'hmdch
theid.alsorhnbnog phypopoundenbyDodemhnbaansandsciilscretrtisb Kalhana\
nc.hodologyconsiisordlawinsoncdierliicnrva'dLi{riplioialsourceslorinlom ior
andirteTreringthisdmobjedivelyiMlakinga{idcnngeoflacronfm frcncli'nare
indg$graphyropolity,ccorcm!.ndsocielv in(ocoNdemtionforhisanalvsis Th'iorks
ollhe Lursubscqucrr SansknthNora's sho fdllo\e.d him,lonsjq ShnMn ShtrkaaDd
Poj)sbh ra havc also bcer an.lyscd lorrhcfmcirs md seikn.s as hiioicala'coun6
ofdrp ioG rhcy.over lhe.ondusionsdcolcoumeiheaurhor's osn,hissu8-Qc*ionof
lhe la {blccolrhcnbein-qbia$drilavorolficcommunilvroNhichrhcvbdoigcdieaviiS
qolks
mlch scopc tor dsag.cemenr. Ho$erer, in his ovcrslljudgfrcnt be cbancrcri?cs rlieir
as lichsou(.sorhnroricrl infomdion' Mushb'lA K.!vdiscusN insrc
(detailrhc
cotrribuiionsolsotr,clate.d.yKa$im;iPa nhistorirnslikeNathlandi! RnbdK"hru
!idNarrinKdurAjiz,Rho{srcdreirrccounlsinFc^l.nNathP,nrlir'\G'hhani Du!'t
arelarivrlyics(kroRnvork,ndescnb.dbyhimas.lealteasurolhisro'i'aLlirdature'
fd h$ dcsc'inrion of rhe geo Dhysi.il ferru'es,.gnculturc. trniL5 olreight, as well as
c.onomicsibdionpievrilinsinKlshrn,p:ti.uhnvdurinsMtrsr r n'lein l(xshnrir Nalh
Pandit, as*e arc rold, sivcs inlcrdLng infdm.tion ir lhis Nork ahoul iml.rialgadens,
r.ch eologicd nres, mcd ic val ba/ dars, brdd sy $cn. b rss rnJ lclics. Lan d rev mu. aDJ orhcr
.:i1*rn**1;X4*fi*
'''.;,,;
;i'1;,ti-:,1:l*, :::'iq*-
':'^-,,. ., i",'.'ii't.','lij i1;*'t*,1-
..,,r
i
l"
ii i' -.i ii,.j' :,i-iii"-i- ;
i ". .,'1]J:;"ji: :,;,;.,ri;,1.',r,;;:i,t;;..
":l'" , :":, 11" :-: ; "
', ": i;'r1l':l i:;-;I:.li'ii
'',,tt,lr-"*r''t,1,,1,,;*r,t1i,;l+:,:-,;
".,t+;;: ,:l't;';i;;i:'-t i:
'
 ) r" \ 'n(i rhdr
adl'
.,"..11;.
.; . '. - '" :"j'"
:: li ::",'il::"::.;, i:" ,":::
i." "0",,.r,",," ",""'i.;i::]ffi:,. ":":1,;i;
",' " ""'-,"o- -
[d!d u ,e'hi rc '_ -' : : -: ^-.."sheni P,.rr.'r''b{.

i'l ;::.;:jtj : i :',i *:::':.:.," ; ,* ili

;."l.lit'
":":ri;.." | .'4, rr o " * " ..,Jro,p"i^'."

-**ffi
:"1;:'":,
.'
i *:"*,.".,, -", " ." ".::-. ji,,,H"li":
-1.

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{,'lritl ;;r;;+l';' ;';L;3

-iffiffi
 r tl]c dGeshodied
sPinl

: *:_Tti:t :r"#::,:::::::rilii lli:,"."ru *t* :llH:

"- "
p.rdlla'dndcrfrrcusb
^,"..!c'cDo'nC

;il*;131g';r,:i;rt'."."""':i.."":,*l-* j:
,
j,.::;."::l;:;".,-;, jt;ti'
"
i;-il;'l...,;kffj
..*lgf ",.llllt.:.:,:;
i:reri::. l'
",--[:r rin;:'*:;:*'

**$*ffi
t**n+***'ffii+i$;"ffi

ffii:[***'ffi
lrom rhcn nalnc soil is temendous. An obious exrmplc is thef lo$ ofhn-quage, oneof
tu mon imponanl mrken oI idenaly.
Inspn. ofrll lheseodds. rhe displaced Kashmni Pandns hrve reraiied mon olihe
Nltrtral taitsencnllyaso.irkd\nblhef chmct. Endo\edwirhalibenl rndfoNrd
lookingdisposidon, thcyrcmain a pcopb\nh rna{unlbcnr row & inlcllccrtra1 punuirs
Wirh a ncarhmdrcJ pcrccnr lilurcy ro bori ol rhcy iilLh c a hilh .ducdional pmfilc
6rl'cyariD.in!!oupholdrh$rtpuralioilordaduniccxccll!n..*hi.hhas.lyaysbcln
rl'fthallma*.Th.yhivc.lsobrolo'rhcnncotyp!i otrhichrhcyhavcb.c cai,uilinly
rhough, ofDnnin! anuo.ly Nhnr-collarJjobs I' la.r rh!norioi rlidlhcy rtc r pcoplc
who Jcspis* all manual\orkanJ prcluonly ro*icld (hc pcn is a highly!x:slcrarcd dnc.
lorPrnJiG livin! inflrtla(as *ouLd alrvays cullivdc thc; liclds.rJ tdd rh.ir..(lc
Amons rh! urban ParJirs roo rhft wrc many {ho rould rork in dr ladoics o alc ut

Even in rheir rresenr nar ofdispeFaL, the Kash,rni Pandlb rerrir df dhrinctive
qulirios ol rhcir n.tre rnd adh ere to rhei' trdition r va Lus Fsce tu1n $s. pie ry, .onipasion,
L

hospnal,ry,sobrien/,rcilicnm!ollNre,c1viliq,$lf-pddcaddanrnnclonro\$rds.cFbnl
gn.cs. whd glulcr nony can lli ere bc $an this rhxi desp ite h aving con rr bured tully .ourds
rhe scns. olideals ard elus dh xre regarded as pecurianv K.strmiriand dspilc havinB
mnchcdcvffyaspccrotKashmiictrlMalaDditrrellectualli,i,rheyha\ebeetrforc.droday
inro an cilc thrr .ould *dl mean dsrcinatior lnr them
wchrvcfrol Vcd Kun riChri,aneminentSanskrnscholarRho*ouNraidirgwork
ond,elli/a,ddPrzr!isofdldnligralrc.dl$inancvalu ivcsuntyirdinvolu'ne
.boulrhetemendoNconriburiotrorKadnnirprcducin! sansknr ln.rarrcof grcdnrnr
nthclomolPr,?,as,hi!bncrlpoerricoufrcpi.sjdcvofomltoonia.rbolosics,d.maq
No.ksoi ruelics anddraDrtu.ey, didad c pocns, sartr.lpocms d.. In rhc.dclory ol
P,,?,,5, she eniighlens rh rrd ahoutthc3rc4v,\trrl[!Iritdr.ktlr.,,hrsasIsourc
olintomnrionaboutdrKashmni\ryorlilc Shciho rh.o*s{luablc Lilhlon rh.conrsnrs
allne yi\hn dhr on d PL.a"t,*hrch a.cordir!ro hnvas\.nlcn in thc sotrrhcnpan
olK hntinrhefifihorsixth.cntury AncrNyqloFcdi.\rork,lhcA,?tr..Nhirhisnorc
linous forib.rttdJlrz or tcrrisc on ticlorirl on, dcah \irh i \a! ntrmb( olsubjccG
hkc myrhology. cosmosony. cosmoloCy. ri.oon)- ard riololt. omcns anJ poncng
polity,socioloey,ielieion,medicine,asri rhre,rnnmlritrsbrNrycb lisdividcJinrorhrco
padsofNhi.hlheli.incor.enrdsnhmylhology...snoloey$c..rhc$cond{irhpolily
ardrh!lhndBilhrheperlomring,plNlcaDdtincds Ptrhspsrh.dnrdisrhcno$in{..cnins
arduniqtrcinmanyqrys.FmmihevrluabLcdctailsitgLvaahodan,'nusrc,d.dfns,.criis.
panting, icoiogmphy. mhitectureard odicrads. iicai bcrc8adcd.s. vcry imponm(
source olK6hntr\ cuhumi hisiory, panlculr.ly orih southctr ned
 AccordingroPof Chri,,l'dl/,t Jr,/,kzconsistingolonehundrdandeiShtv{*s
inrhed,D?"d'sraorallego caliyGn6ccarlt Sanskritwo*inlhccalegoryofsatii.al
a'ddidacricpo.ty.writteDbyBhalla a{holivcdrrhetineofKiqSbonkanmm(331-
902,{D)mdrvsnotgive.anlEcos ionbyhin,gives*ntinhisvdsesindirecrlvtohis
lee Lin8s of d ispleasure ar this inj u sricN. Dscr ibing Kshenendn as lhe topmost sariri$ o I
Sanskrir, Ihc author has a quick crilical look al sonc oahk be$ torks thal have survived
ircluling Sd ara atika, Daryadalana, Sevroserkotodesha. Deshop|.lcsha aft
Na,nd,/,in*hichheusesbidrsandincisivcsarnc1odcs.iberhehadrcahlesofrural
and urban lile in lhc Kashmirofhis rines. Shc alsoSivcs 6 sn idea ofhis gr.a! Senius $
exp'essed in hh absrach olnd,,oF a, Mahabhatuta, Brih.tkatha, tnd Xo.lantboti,
,,zddlid av,./'.as an'l tearises on rheroric, nolica alld Issody. t hB aulhor rhen acquainb
us qirh rhc podic peculiornies ollne,,,r,*,,,ad or .oun cpics sriden by Kashmin Ssshit
pods, d4cnbng Iheir tlEmes in briel X,?prti,brJ',r!rd olshiusw^nln, Haturiola al
Rrtnakrr, ,{dv,,r,7rr!)? of Blii'i)a, Shrik.nthdchatita ol Markha ana Kathaknutuko al
Shriwt arJ D.1a'antaLa thdsa ra al Raj anrla Bhata Ahlad aka Krshmn, Prot C hai lclls
ns. rrn ks the hilhc$ d lar as h hlo rical poems in Smski! !rc co rcemed", poinring our lhar
Ka Lh rna \ lalr,,lrgii I lloi e is sufficicnr ro ch.llcngidg rhc view that lndian srires vcre
_

de'oid olhntorical seise . Kalhaia s kccn scnsc olobscflatio', his undetsranding of

rolnic.laffaNandotholicitlofmindmmcntiodcdbyherasquahiesof.tnehisroim
\lenrioning rhe conri',ualions of ndr,t a,sti by Jonrraja. Shriv&0, Shuk. and
PrjnyabahibandotherhisioicalpoemsRnftnbyKdhmi loehinrhepa$ing,shcrhcn
p.o.eeds ro ds.ribe ,/it ?,',,t,?.u.ldli/, ofBilh.n., thc errlien hhtoricd poen
ay:ilabk, in sobc dcrailvolchiig for nshislonciry o. rhc basn o f eI iSrrphicrl evidence
in the lield ol d.rorion.l .nd hymnsl poerry wi en b' S?nskri! pocb frcm Kashmn
ch grear \'orks as Jrrr,*r!,d,r?/t ol J3sadhm, S,sdr,ra S/,rra of Siryrj'anita,
,.r ,i,,'v,/,r, olsahib Kaul 3s well s rhe Lnpublish.d S,ri,rrakk! by Rrtnah'rhq hold
imponant placc. ln dFm4 KahDn h6 pmduced Shyamlika rhosc P,r'rtud1tuka is tbAd'a
giingvividdcscnpriotroaco'nmonlileolhepeoplcinaliv.lylaneuagc,sd JayutaBhada
\|l\ns. )Earlr.tarlban s a louHd philosophicrl ph, ola hish ordcr dcscribitrg vrrious
cuLrsFopuld n Kashmir atrd reeiditrg difiere.i philosophicrl sy$cns as diffcrcir door
ro rhc sane buildinC Th e G also a small rommric phy X.z,s',Lri by Bilhaia.
KNhnir\cotrtiburionnrlnefieldolpoeri.sisuniqucasallrhcschookollidianpocri.s
h.re origi'Ered i'r KxshDir. The atrthor dividcs rhc hkrory olSanskrir Doc.ics inio rhm
nags: in$e fid nrsc *c havc Bhrnra s N/4,t.rr? codsidcriStoctics to bc a pafrof
dni,atuIgy, in the $cond poctics dsums an cxivcncc indcpcndcntoldramrturgyrnd in
rhe rhtd dunatury] concs 1o bc ftgrdcd unJu pocrics Dcfrirg(4taas toecthcnss
ol vo rd and meaning Gl aDdd,t ,r rart ,, tu rrd,r, Bh am iha csbbl is hcd thc a?d,l,rd
schooliniie 8rh cenlury, naking some lcryimpon.nldcpdurcs. Kuntakapropoundedrhe
.ofce.rorr.l,or.ri oroblique urciance ii his faa,t'?_iv!4'' and founded rbe ralrot/i
?rfui: vrmma sme up \ilh liis rheorv orinp'drn'! or''i or sn'!e and ser up thc /'j
school. Bui ihe quesrion olshal.onnnurnl lhc \oul olpodrv"\?!
onlvsrLcd wlEn
dr sugeei'on lt!
Anadxvmlhanr propound.d 1n his !G vork /rlrd'rr'?ttd lhill"?ni
i"a*a tr. -- *p-"nce llis rcrolution'ry rheory or r'!""r1'i {as runher
.i"o*".d" *a o.' "ip*,i.
n- *,.* b' l1t sr.d AbhlnNagupu in hn ratuous e\egcric solk
". Finallv, ir Ras
DriEd?/,ro i,.ra,,.
" Nl.smah Llho s$blished th' sulcmrcv
(du
^.harvr
(hcoq iD hn lamous \ ork arldl'r'u * hi'h !s acomphtmaNsl
"r'h.;dsddrdri
o ooq.i ud ha 15 tommenLr !\or

6!,6nrdcDlrce;ofpilgnn gc rs slnbol c !i lliE 'r ihe dtrcdions supl)oning rhe spiri(u 'l
unnyorli,dr thesiN li erillanareendordbrihchaloor(ashmir'\ta'ddl' Did
Sha;kmchrryaxdurlly vnitK.shmtrnd a{cndlherdn?/'dp'ria a( rhe holvpilsridrge

' V _
' oJo! o 'r'r "Jdcd !r m'l d
anerhis isi!? Does rhn devolion or.!r'l,,:r, at,at,lrscr'hanniglvbciu(inn hvmn in
.*se olshaktirefedli snv rvav an impdofshrklalhlLosophvor hn lilcaid rhoughr?
it* q,*r;"* *srme i.p-to"e in vie* orastoistrdirion anong KashnniFandirs
thar h. did indeed cone roKashnin. Rashneek Ln(, aroungscholar digs deeP ihroueh
lrn(cn.sNel1.s oraleridcn.csto find aisw s lnclimd n frni'ul'riv
ro sav ves, ho
intigucd by the lcgend thil lhc imrgcolCodd$s Shardrnb' d Shring'ri *asbmughibv
him fmm dr tnple olsh.ndr ri Shardi in KshDi';hi'h s Dow a p'n Ptkisratr
'l
ThisirkcsNroalasciMrirrgfi6thaDda.o trioallt thrcc\isiGolrhc rrmousan'ienr
slrine olsh3EdrbyPror A lt NEki Accodirg to Prol Nazki hc nrh' ti'* lndili
md
KashmirionthGsiJcofthcLOCtohavetrvcl!drorh.s.mdpilgrimaecpLacaolSharada
i sirq ye.is $htr. hc Nss fa.erofi.e\nhnivheirag.,lvirhmvpd! $iih nt roors '' 11
isinr;;xpmded dcorfrindrbathedcss,b$ihehpoercphv,hislorvandrrchirecrunl
ftrturesolshamdqdnd Diore thli anvrhing ch. the bclutvolhis stniturlexpcrience
d
the holythce in his anicLc ri S.r,!/',/R,,a lle recalk a similarvnron he hadeaniera(
Hari lmbar duins his childhood
Tbex?shmh Frfdirs hold ev.rv lidr olKasbniras ecrtd lrnd.I pl'y8round olrhc
sods. As an trrc!.nenling Peoplc rhcv
ke ndrre rs a m:difc rtion oldirility Thc
Nildridd ?r.,n. dscnb.s ihe enrn. vslhv as rh. enbodimciiolumi Evervnounrai"
pcak, eve ry r.ck. eve!- .ave, everv l!kc, cve rv rn cr. eveD pool has it o$n legend ils ovD
i.lc. irs olvn llory Thd is*hvnuJf$.us fbces ii Kxshm; e inleied Nnh aligious
s.nctity by thcn.;irh lerpks and lilg.image ccnns dorine t ih'oughour iis lenlrh aM
hiead$.11is ro.nd thes. sacred spols Ihrithereligious lilc olKxshmn Panditievohs l'r
,ne do r, !. \ 5a. rgj,.e.f.,n hm "l 1,,
.t,r *
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.rod!dndboddFssnN
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.no ,r- \hd\, trdaD, ,r , dm. *.,,
cdnsh\3top Ew'
hnil\croc*irh rn:nc'cn' remplcdedi' ^
ded ''Fcm'ddko n"'\o--se
ilfl";";,''i. '-rad(p
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-;-" dT;nmind rvshlni snd Mahrlal' dhebmForr u,,.," ...0-.,.n
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, -,:l;'i r;,'."h ts ssd rn e ou dhn
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.mmrlLo\erlhc.ounrry \in(eLimc
'.;';";; .:ll ;;-";".",.. '" '-ree b r. ori ,or'h m' '', - o K*'mr'k' srro
i'i,,^, Jre po' rr'i'ie*d o'onF'o'd
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l l. ' ", '*"' ''.
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ne he o1r': o'"s oF
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: ",.'i' , ";," ,;: ;";," - s"in r'\'h-roo r\e J1t! 'no n'o(r'"\ 'r
:':. 1. i;;;-;. b\,' -,"",'n n adu, 1-1. ',":l:;:?"-: fi,:1";11
j"." ,"\..sed.-lq. r dcd bc"o i-d)haN
"..,D1., tIhorho-r tr{dd
:":, ,"";'J;'"; ,rog! ;'dctdcd"^3rt'ab md'io'
;i]j"";'";,.:. g sJnme'Aret'or rs ordvs -' tuo
l- :;,, ;::;";';;;;'".e;) ". u-sn sc"o a"on' o'^'rd c!o'prc'q o -ro' -rv
sr'' 'r'
,.l.lll.,',"',. " ";.'",, '.o'd ''""''''''"""c'r'd'r'-
snra P. Ksrrr p'c " sn' I im' r n'+n nl
, ;:::;,;;;-:.b"d den, ur'
itsr.d.holrhcerr'
"
masler
ir.'dr'"rorrd '"ano -dmJ
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':';";''; ;.;' ;:' .,,:,. s' ad on d s-' ao r' rcu{"ordea
,"',;.,;. pi' r'" I ce rnd
.;."i";;; ".. m'nd' e d p! drd d'm'i"
:;'; ";"," "'"'"..'.:
-rcouln lhe oulLL :nd tumbcofl'1t
' ' .'.,i-,. .',;1,"." t" o_d.nd aul', B i*di' f'srd dosn 'o hc n od! "uc
-. ind vd rc' / nodKdu lrdNs N'd'n "podid
.'*;-';;";;.;;r'*'-r oo n'"'d
:li ;:;; ..., ' . noo'i'''oc1i\cv 'crard
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(,risbook '"ll1il,lliii
 CHAPTER 3

AbhinavaguPla and the Shaivite

Tradition of the Saradd Desa

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srinsxnd srvrns
 NI TdDITION OT THE SiRAD,{ DESA l5

ttlrrlal/ralidr,ar?/' (As d pc6on sini.g or rbc rop olnt mounbin vlcws rhc one
ness ind continu iq of a1l obj cds, ii rhc saN s?y I hc knoNledgeab b pc*ot sccs
oilDNs in arr.) or N in,rfutaltiril, (\crscz): un kincn]ajd r)ns i"atitavs'.aha
tzrtn?lrr,l (Dordcj.ddecetts borh[crhccau{olbordage BElocared in
yourovn s.lr and cx|rerief.e ihe initrbLiss which is thc cscnrial 3hfirden$i. of

lndia is essend.lLy aknorvkdgecefted.ivihzaliotr Cr value is arachcd ro knowledsc

in rhis trdtrion sher. knoBlcdgc aid sceticim go rolclh.r. Kmwkdge is th Nhich
liberrics$lrcm.ll rc bondagcs and div Giv c lmirll iotrs.r Norhins urifics I
p ikc k no edse.r
Ou b er. L", !Bhdnd S"r,,1in.:n"\bh'dl\r't!
sella'd$.hschol.shaverlNaysbe.nftrcircdNiths.carrev encobyrhepeopleolrhis
r/l,?uril\dr?r the lai lidims!b.coDrimnr noipoliricallybur culto.allywh*c crcry
sn llorlirgcco'nniudrycontihuresro lndianculture apauchol(houghrandwrvol
lile) renrps. this is rhc onl y pan ol di n un hn d ihrl pnduqed the lalge$ numbcr o I !ruar
saint and savan$ in companson to aiy orh(Fn oal'idia Th..i.J Srinaear,loundcd bv
d,e grerl Mrg ha KlnC Alhoka (2?2 212 Bq, lncrally D,eans the cirt olgodde$
Saffwati) R.jraekhm records hd{ belui tull} md mslodidusly pcoplc ofKrsh',n reciled
pocry.Ir is ndMd f,s dr lrnd is hlssed by Sodde$ Ssmswari Hsadl who alNa$ dqclh
rlreft.i KaLhrna rc.ords rd Sxiskrit Nas the mediud olcotrvesaion in ev.ry lamilt ii
Kshniri Kxshmf hrs bccnlhccmlrcorrounc.ndiTipli'solknowhdgc.r lnrhe r/o ?/
tarr?srir'r,Nloung$trdent duri,r-qrhc rpatr.Jz,drd,,a,[a]?(initiarior in$e nudyol
rhe iatrr? rexs undd rho guidancc olrhe able tercheB) uscd 10 aniculdl., Knn.nnr ga.cllnn)i
(l go !o (shnt 6 knovledse). This tadrion is $i11 livnrg in som! bnnchcs ol
'naiD
VcdicscholiEhi|l.KolhrMinthcRrat?rard,tSr,.singsdegloryolKashmi'3Abhimvasupra
rnd Jryarr$r rccord a livc piclur ol.orknDomry Kashmn in 1he l.$ cbrprcr of dret
rvo s,ic.,L,rtlrlaaiddrcoDmc ary J,l*. rhcrcupo tr Abli iD rvaeupra dessib * in
his qplcal poelic sryLe si/,1.sr/i,ne,tutil)hna*tilniitaktic )ar n6, ..(AI cvc.y stoi
ii Kshmn, ihcre ra h mirages olrlF sag$ and on cvery nep Bhrgawtu Siva d*dls.
ThscInopkculnrhclrorldrhdp'oridcssuf.enrJ lrls(t.ofrplnhtucnt spnitull
dn .n ,ne . oo in . . I 'l .., ,d"*id" " o
companbleMrhrheEysolniooD.)orrndiralnvrraKaula{l9icciruryAD)srorcihc
''i
ln rlit|tJKannnalabtla natii olKdmtiii Sanskrit in str? nyt qirh rommcihry
Ths isprccis.Ly rhe Kashmn'which n rfcncd ro ir rhe opetring Fcrion olrhkprpu.
i
 lrrE s.1n^DA DrsA

one ncxposnorY
The fid de mviic expsienlial and nrditdirc only thc lasl
ihree
phLlosophv Asvc see l.rer. in AbhinNaguphall
i', nalurc likc dtc oiher syncns ollndlai
ihce ircaDr coNerg! and rdkc rn inrceratd lom
llt
,1r sar.d lborc, rlt hdirion li.lGves rhd thc sonrc' of a!"Ja ftr'? is Bhaga{M shivi
,.it"' lrhA" olo\' t'o 'r's'Drn
,"," "'"'.,''_."'""'-' I'l\did l'a
-.,"" '"
.i, i.,l *a,r," -*ll*', "r'i, 'L'ee dnriplcvsons ('"'arl'?r"r') Snintfir' Afrardrkl
; 'e'i"-rJr'uunr '!rdF "J
'.';;.i,"," '.'
i... i*-.t ,. '-.nua '0, i r'rG u o ro'mo '(ddr'
il#;;;;;:; rrn chrprd orhis round'ro'rrrext orK$h nshiva

"i..,",r ,.;, ^'i';..," tt t.'-D.'-''"

:;..;,1;-;,...."' ^ .' ..r"- " r n"n- e
,"" ;. .;.,1
_,"."-. '' I I ' r'o ilard^ ur
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-".r'a.. )i \rui_ trd
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a,n.,S-. a '"r '1 flpr 'oilr ' 3 02( a ticoi po\dl: fr_o
.*,r ii",t"ii,tn, u^ ,"0 - sr- t'6ian sdNrrn orKashnn hxve dsisndld ir N ,<'rr4
aub{omncntary /iD' on dn
ri'r"a-" .r,r," .go urralldcla tlso Nro(c ai
*nnl *" n"' * -.t-,"a upon bv Abhin'v!8npla (/tuz' 'P'?o'ab'f i 'i"ri
".i",,'a
"
'i.i,,,.,:i,,^, i n*,tra "mposcd dcvolioier pocns ot which sr'{o'riv'ri is
l^",]."'L i. "^,tl." 4", ". htnturc UtFl'\l)odiccomposirions{crccompLled
Ld"J
"i.*r li i I er
.'i,..*,, 'r'" .'n do\di' ' l:r''qj
"
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ro 'lo'\ro r"J"J
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.rr",t-r r,"i" co"d S;.na,?iv4li (oi Uqrahsrotivrri)n FL'k{nananiiha
"",o'*,.r"'.i"."ai."loL""tor'ni*vxgtpldwmiersanstrilcoDimen6ry
"" "'dni/ iniliared
'divirt
.".,,'".r*. Th! puPil.nd son orurpthdeva' C
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-
ii" o"al,i- "lK"r'.; Sr,"i'lsm as$ihcs $! sminrlI rc* int' sita ai sPanoan
tulLt. S'aar," V^,ttu. o,irr4ldns,r; ol Kllhrnx rccords rhar Bhrrra Krll'ta rhc
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' '. ),...abhiiiah.tdrd l* ]rh hi s oLvn comnenta.v), iM sl"r' 'vitnorlnti vitti
: :: : c,ndnr;i),L'(,,/asbtdnti Tikl Pdta Praviikr nki nn sanbu Puncaiikn
- : --:li:n .n $c /ara,r, J'idr, &orr. (de'olioial conposiiion) 'hoioranukanno
, .1,,;'antu suanha vit i ^td l/lt?ti on Pald'i"i/_srot"'ri of Ulpaladerr
.:::: ::t: !osi. a \sJ_;1o$ and delolcJ disciplE olAcarva Abrin'vaelpra qrorc rhree
,. ,..n o"-,, s, r',,r..r-" a, Gt ntthaP ruo''a ^rd'^taP anuri:u Prct
:- : :ri- reiions thar ihe n.nusipb ol rhse txls $eru in losesion ol Gopimth
rL
! :t :nJ \lahimaholddhrav.NarayanaKhrhteofvsianasi
\l,I.ih (s.cord halrol I l" c.nturv AD) conmenrcd upon rhc Pdra'i'n"!'-z ol
.,....-"3,,pn His co--*u,1 i" k'01$ as J"hi lniheconcludiiglreolrhisrexlhc
:: : : iiCla dnciPlc oll:\cm.iijr
r':hardatd (lrrer hillof 121 cc'rurv D) is thc liNt [n'rn comnd ]tor on
so lar lav'radra in hn
i:, .onni cnbrv, I'i,7ii, has notheer
::,,!d. Th is
'vflhble '/irka
,:::! i h s i'iliarion inShiivism *N perlomcd I)) SrbhaEdafarr
;rli:hichrprerof hnconmcntary /irera(on ?,,tril'l').Javmlha(l2 lr"c'nturv
l/JL"a! i\ indnplnsabh loru c*ilndinsthc
-r rl ids a Jcscriprion of hn mccios
:.: oc.dir Lsorl lc,rnl,t. Javr ha aho .ondbutd bvu wo'ks on lndirn pocricsl
,'t,:," ri,o,i'i,il" on rhc I(rdrmn poeri'ian Ruvvakr\ /l''tt'ra_
"."-"nntv
-,,))dtlan\hdrtJlu)r
iobhrla,rsunb $rore I .odmcDrrrv o rlt Abhi'uvr's s"/' fbn tl'e
:.istreDoiniorview PrcJ:Kc.P:idryposc$edrMSs "dt'v'
ofthnconmcnkrvrr
Bl,irktrrkmrhr (l $! cenrury ADNrct hn hfr dDs commcnsrt'/Lirta/ion l:!zr''
r'i .ir,rinin /r,a/ir.ol Ab[]n .guPia. H..rnsl ed/traNlnc'atcd ln' Lallo vnk
::roro al.onrposir or ollhc lad ceniurv AD \vof,'r' sintpodLxlID!v, i'to S'nsh it
:::hmkd rha\rorcacommcnrdryoDthelradtrriv,,(x{rlbedrosaseVtltLkL)rhich
. i:i'ir. inrqircrxrionolrhislcrr Utr.tun.rd) dE comncDta!- nno lonscr:uilrbLe
!:: ilr.omposldta8.iiz,r'5r,r?. rdcsotionrlpocmon{hcoccaslonolhisvkil to rlic
. renrm renuls in Kad,mir'
K{merd \us drc drcd dn.inh olAbhinavrgupra rnd is ariho"r tshoolol
r (!o|licry) ii hdi pocrcsvLdchnwork,'lr.t-La_/t''?'al"llisorhft\'orks
1.in a
-: td. tl(bhnfth Manjdi, tt ntnvld Kali'Sata. C'tu'(:dtrd. !"i1i Kcl?lTah1
)i taratant Ca td Sdr..'-a l\latthi. Rtttutk!tt1. Maiiuri,rn S8 lt lilaku'
\hhen\ mimndrjr (l2'cenlury AD, rh. .llcbncd ho' of,l/4,t1l'' t/"r''iand
rrommotrrqlhncupontu,uora.Nas.dcdicrlcdlollorc'ol'^bhinavalupriThoughhc
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 CHAPTER 13

and IIer SPiritual JourneY

Lal Ded
S.S. Toshkhani

il-}l-$i,trJ
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 DED AND NER SPIRITUAL JOURNEY 167
'AI-

n5n:f(rd'o olpurctol{ro-snc" ! bEr"ga le4 e\cl'nd'ie 'rv dom )!e ved

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olc Lrr Ded rhc
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iiii,i,ii'"*"i,.' i". "oroi'*".,'ne ;$rcd oititunv bv hkjrs thc 6ene drKsibir
iiii""-i" ii*;", r" ;"";n nativsqbspeech ''riechoicc or corroquiar kshmni
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.;;;.';;; '. ; ."" uaLanava PnLoo*a \hicn ptov'dF i c m ricr * nen
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t""" " rhis fador' Howevn n is in her )adltu thar tu
"."i ""ri
i"l'"'n" i*iiu* n"",it."'" "t Kashniri pocrv *heftas drc
errrier vo*s camot bc
*i.'lv.alled
" ,',''..":,hLertd.omoosirions
-r,"'i. .r i-rr . ,Fe medium b' her Ddcr oumou s_$drndeed ror
.*, """-rit' *" "n* *"tislic, crypric rollline vrle_iom was qrile sribble
ror
i r : drcd'ei Io,Lc e\prc' o-'nd ua r''o "''v rhc

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;:,;.i,'...;, ' '' " ' o. 'p".p;,, "- ro," *'" B'othe' w c'courd be usrd (o'
i'. ii.li*i"..". r L!rr' impo'ed "- wc'indsrir krdLr'
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" od'lr'l''cm'in' n'urpa€ble Thrq e on hc*-
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'.i'""'.'. tri'e' ' -'rror' or \"n rnr he
r,^,, orpmrfl q c,al,, ofepibhnhsha or n a purclv indigenous genre
 3hc 4rflded tns limib of ib
may have a..'lemic rclevano:, bur the fdcr remins thal
Do$b fs ro the iMheq ho ons
'- -i"t" -".. *"
*_ u dl"-.r \e fu\our' irs potrer dd p n"h sL $e !r3or and
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K.'hmn r mar bc no "d e
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,,.,,*..* * 'r"l' ..al",ve D&1e' - rhe midq or rhc driJ
-: ".i."' *.*,. . *.. t'"' 'he im!a' dokeddehehr b) he ve6e' -sunk oi 1'r'
'n
;";":J;;. . ..""'. rno b*de an * he c ro' her c'\-F rhou.h rhe
i"*, "r'" *....r con- rbr nd' e'udcd the eEp ormd ) sFdt L'rDcdl
sftnslh virh
aia *",," o.'ia",rt"m wiih a spiribal vGion and doBl
'l"io' -"1r"l,'ra * 'r..ri -'r" ,o mec. thc qa<
rmendous charrenee rha! rhe tincs po$d
-i.i'i." dor mce ir'neBnr \oaan poerein
ii.. t.-*' *-t'* LrlDcd "
'. i;.."5n, J-,, "1-ur" '\c 61'nurry orfi\e rhouimd vc" orKir trn
"',1,f
- qpdr'l snd a
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"u.-'r'- **"i;c'sonal'D por'" in a sp*irl \o'ce kn a {-cial
-*' ." ,i.''""r* " vord' -'cd ov Lrndd HA ro
,1,' ,r'. .,.a" .
-.,t'
a"l-. r"r"l *r" *"".*r "'" k! ro ne' Yd rorul' s billiance as 6 poe(
"'r "sn *'
;;;;,;;", '. , " ,, n., d;zrinb r'r'c rn:is\b sd 'merec* 'M-nen6
i."'i'.^''". --' r,' o*, + "r"* ' rou in "E'u t'u*
't"u'erus
lesend'und
ncr rrual
;;;.";;:i ,.".-." hd .unound r' 1r! hd' rd in Drudns
i,.""-".t""i".1. t** ", "'t l k ir ar) T:(rd *d " ob c' \elv \eafi 'ble and

:;.:;;;:;;;; .me'orrtob'nserctu ! 'md beN*d ra'r and

i.,." "-;" '. b'\ rhr' !m hmlv be soccred b 6te u! 'd

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rrr. S"-rr" nanirld roGl'v'il!n ab'u' Lal Ded\elrren'e petup'
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"d Pnndn c'xon'cres Fo c" no.l. ns sbour he
;.-:;";,. *ii;i' -"'.-o '".eue'. *.
. irtohe'ds aa'itaa kaon a Laro inhr troaqtaar
i'i.,r.l" r"" * - "a*-
',.i "'-",-*Jo,," tr+e rdier, Dawood Mishqari h'd ncntionod her nane in
.,"i^i.,--. ",
". r,*-,-r^l rD,,' ' b54 aD' But w'i b roreoim s rhd I
Lh'

,l'.;;.';"'; ""i t-.. .er.c o hs h bv RuDa thdsdn grr16?0 7?0r' iho he

4,,!a...,,1ar, rd rlerlr d rrosFdss t'l D.d zc hn
Shtddha a\o tv tadhton
Lal noan lal Porunt Para
(I hare .s ny suprcme g! Lallesh*ari' vho G puE dd 8leallv ledcd )
 j. ! r very sisnilicm( irlcmcnl.onrng ftun loDcoDc wh. is hcrelf resarded
:::r Kdhmni $omrn myiic pod rnJ ls cvctr rc\crd as ri i'icrnratior of the
::..i Eh atriby r sedion olKhhmiri Pandi6. Thc pirolhh bcir.cD hcr Liii aDd
:: lrLDed m nmrsoui incluJins ill tcdmcnr bt rhc husbrrd ard hn fanriLy Nor
' :::i Rupa Bhxrani .du r$ctonlially ro Lrl D.d rs li.{ gun rlonc rvirh htr o{n
: \i:chr Dhrr, Nc find h( cvco dolnin8 rhc srmc podid nyLe and using rh!
: :-i:onn,r.. i.usldbyl.allr And ycr ,n lild, {lii.h ha! sisnificrnl rmlncdiois
::-rj!h$mrny. n)1h floalcd $ourLrLDcd. is rlmonconDlereLy ignorcd Whar
: : :: r.yond any shrdo{ ol do,nn r ri l.al Dcd Ras nor sudderny discovered by
': :::: :1.htunidns*hiholhnslmdromtlcrcly r.reo .nh Thc hcl isthatLaLDEd
, r Jn! rcnlird rLnc in lolk rncDory rid lolk in,reiration.li on Ly tm'smirled
i,:i :::^nrg h( vi Ldly a \isdod lrcc lor glicrdons orcoinnotr Kas[mnn
::::ui hiv. rL.crJy bccohc o rclcr.d icoi orrhc Krshrntisocicry*hen Ralarrkr
: : . ::: Fjntrcd do$ snq or hd ler'A iar rl,c ftn ri'nc in d,. shamdr ssipt idd
-: :r:Jrhlmn oSutr[irsotr,cfr]rsrhc Lrir].citury Yd.l,trphcromenaLpopul.ir],
: : :-.1! hn.\i lirri'n!, ard rhc tcDrndotrs ,cvcrcr.c she.ommmJed drc ro rhg
d rs tr sri't hd tD d.rcmined and sutuiicd
:_:::i ri buiLd lals. in'r!c cor!tucs rmlrd ri$ Nnh t[c soh olrj.d olapp.opnding
: ::: :.oLrgcs ro{alltalLcr lohtrrrd i'roD,FlibLcNirh rhe noD duaL K hmf Shrn.
-: i:: :h,r llrnns N d.g[l prfr of hcr Drntl rnd iDr]ledurl make up
r hr ilnhrt complicatd dr situatoD rnd urleNhed noms olconluion.nd
.::i) s r li.trzied .:nDai-qn b litrl htr r'nh pmbgoniis ol proscllriziiS Sun
. O,rliGr cd claiDs olinrerrnehlior olnriy Suli demcnt idro hdpo..ry ric
, r!1,.{ slio l]rofes ro be sholaF bui rrc rchrlL} kry uncotulon.blc s h thc
:r: t.rrofe nho is .ecarded tr a symbo oa\l, eyer kshmn iaids lor bclon8s
:'r : r.ligiousrealitythrnrheir ,\difsof lhe;rliliousEflcxsthctus.h$c
i srJi cLeneDG rs r p oj- ro snarch aNay LiLDed\ rcrl idenrir) llom hci Thftc
: ,r r dr rxr oaher v{ses to supton drn hbi.rlions rs }hdcrn Lrl Dld hs
::: rrbsoLL eLr$iihinrhelnmeNdrkollhenon du.lSh.,r.philosophyolKashnn
j: :i: roud hare Rupr Bharmi tu.epred her a spnilual ptucapror.nd lvcd
_ :::: r. nrLe o. Shmr rrqir used Srnrk'ir yogic Gms 1o piy r glo$ig pocri.
. : . h.rl Nrenurs 10 re slo( ln inlo .onvenrions .nd synems orhd rhan ro {hrh
: ::r I b.Lorged re molivaled by inGnLions io v'b\{( htrroicrL fids so rh.. rhc nlL
: l:j r lon 10 us.nd repL&ed by.n nnrr{hnric sh.do\ -lo sry, lor rsan.!, rhd
: .:.1\in! by hq s. mcl.phoi rc\c.ls r dccisnc Pcsian mystic ind, lhccfon,
: :_rcn!. s ro bct.y n(q igno nccolrhcpodi.trd,rionsroshichshcbclonged.
-: :rid Crolusdy u*d by hq predece$or, rhc cclebntd althor of J,,ndrrr?41!/i,
., :r: r0 desr be hnna.eolGod Lnrol cdioi. At ofe tl3ce, forcx!n,pl.,lie ercltriDs:
 3r;i;;;;1gx Jii#! i::!di:*i::1il:1"$ffi:1i"-":;*:

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iir.*it* l',''*xid J::,i{r+T: :jrJil$r
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l',1,'.".i,,L,. *o'hronoNs*"
'".*" -, ^. ^ *, rre o d'rcsa',r
c '4 hls
:;:'; ; :;: i' ;'"' -".--
,"", l,';-n l ;; ;:: ll :' "; ""r"''
:::rurh \hilcorhc6 may bdong puiely io the realm ofh4jogiaphy dnd imali.arion. Au!
:: ..daim hdnor as a mysleious absmction bur as r.cal pc6ona, Rc can pick up rhe
: isEphical rhcads scaftred in her yaalrr and recon*ocr rviin lhcir hctp tacr ot her
-tri. lifc, hd expcdenc* as a won.n. hd viess abour rhc rctrlionship bcrwcc. cod,
Lc. us bcgin wirh rhe ory olaninircved villige cirl inteHrd morc ri aisws ro
:\Lncirial quclions rhan in nu.dare naftcN Her tauma begrn rhe dry shc lva n.d.d
:r a riDcompoophusband iffensirile ro ho spiritu.l reeds and a mothcFin-taw who used
lnolaiivc nc(hods ro sane and romsnr her. Thoush ihis secns !o bc id tin! vilh rhe
rl.al moihcrinlaR daushrer irlaw $ories cunenr in tndiu totk tdr. il ma! ror
1:.e$iily bc rorally lidilious As Mdnion believes, LalDcd finaltyplr hd foor dowD
-d \alkcd o r of hs unhappy nad.8e, snippirg al1 rics wnh hq husband and rhe
I'aDi.el nolhn-in-lax he fl mhpoint .anc when j rccordingro ihc tcgcid, rhc husband
r:oke $ith his slick lhc pirch.r ofw she had caded home alLrhe wry trom rhc ivcr
r:nk ThissasorcolLalla'sJailychoEs,buirharmonincshel,rssomcwh unusualt)'
de * lilllc morcrimc in her medibrions al hd tavourire renrlite orNa(alcshava
she rook a
Bhd va, making hcrhusband suspcd her fidelity. Thcpir.herbroke ro snirhsccnsbur
:5! *dtr is said io harc rcm.incd as itMs and shc is srid ro have fillcd au lhc vcscts
:1hn kirchen with ir Thc rcfrainins rarershelhrew ourside where ii fonncd a pond rhar
;amc ro be cal Led as Lalairae (siruded in Pamporc, ncd srinagrt, srys rhc lc3cid. This
b.c.de d decisive for hq and \he revolte'lj mrking il plain io rl[ tyrui duo rhd
'nooc.r
:h! could rake ir ronSq R.lusing ro phy $e geM*.deremined rcle ofan obcdi.n!
'o
drughrcrin l.w any Dor, shc eid 6ar sbe sa! goiie ro r.ke her oNn decisions aid
!hoo$ hd own way oflirc. Lcavingh*husbard s home tor erq, shebecam awaidcnn8
$..!c.lt vrsin no my clsy dccision for a \omd ro rake in htriimc. rs ithnhcr
so.ially unF.oiecicd rnd i!$c.uL
Livin8 her 1ile.tr hd own rlms as an indiiduatnow. sbe hrd no onc !o took for
,qDidaice orhelp exccF rhc old Siddha Sh kr.rha, adep! in Kashmiri Shatvi yoga *ho
belonge'l to rhe linease of thc sagc Vasusuprr Earlier in hd tite atso shc had rclcivcd
:pnirui dnstion fbm him on tlr cvidcnccpmvidedby hdvrss, one can sarctycomc
ro6cconclusionrbarshemunhavcsudicda\idcrangeotlhcsodinalrexhorKashhir
Shanhn wirh the vcncnble Shaiva man$, inctudi.g rhe ld,r?al,ka, Shivanttu lnd

vond*, thereloq ro fiid mod.n f,ar Ded schol.6 tikeJrishrcc K.k

One cannot bur
Od,i icccpt on rhrt ,Latta,s vcncs Eveal her dc.! knowledec of rhc
rhe onc h.nd
csolcripncricesolKashninShaivisDi,{ and on rhc orh*lrand usc all rhe shrjltr.miris!
larSoialh0commatr,lron.kes emc siih$iudyof r saiflpocr, rhal have rcrlty
ro rclcvancc: ller onl r€nstuissior cm bc sccd as a llbverive ac! ro rhe sriicn
di$ou6e io vhi.h shc dd olher psplo did not havc accesi'r and, Herlileinnanv
ways rcpresenb a ch.llcnge to the pEscripiivc idcology olBnhninical lexb, includiig
lhc Cira.. '.' etc Onc does nor know on wh cvidence she describes Lalla xs an
ouisidc io rhe Nri(en Kdhmii shaivrhdnion. '' In t,rkirssuchsweepinsobsflllons
hishrce Odin seens to be toeirg rhu linc ol thc colonial hislorians ofvorc and thcn
prcsctrt &y succe$o6, th. Mraisllibdal scholaB vho reducc everyrhins Hind! io
.Brsid'knl - a bogey sone dysd-in-trool fcn,inhb .ko nnd lshionxble ro flautrt
Arun Shoune has aptly summed up rhh lci'lib-leminis! .pptoach to Hinduisfr ir rhe
lollowjng words, In a wod, bot6 conpliot !trd erilon thc one hrnd and cYDloirarion
on ihe other are gcmane to! rhcy dc inh.rcnt in Hinduisn: HinduGm is Bmhni"nm!
REl,minhm n rhar'ism *nich swcs thc inrt.esb oflhc BEhminsithcsc inr.rcstscan
only be seflEd by the exploiladon of and opprcsion of people ol lo
Hindukm isno.esailv an armecmcir lor the exploihtion andsupprc$iotr olthends

Jahhree Kak O'lin knows, or should have lTo*n, lhn Kashnn Shaivkm does no!
dh iminate on lhe basis ol.dtc. crccd or sender md that rh. Tanlric sondvie* ir is
rootd in holds lhc ultinate rca liry !s lem in ine in csmce Hs pctll fo88ing. theFloE,
ovcr whdher ths inpeNonrl and rdnsccndenr reah, called Shiu is mdc or lenalc is
inconscquenriali whatever h feninis! rctlexes mav nake her to sav shc suftlv knoss
lhat kshmir Shaivism hrd ib fem.lc adcpb nuch belore Lll Dcd appcarcd on the scenc,
Yocilis like Keydnvti, Mrdanika aid Kalvanika havine impd.d rhc knowlcdse ol rhc
doctlioes of ib K/a/d $hool ro nalc spimnb Yogmj3, Bhrnuka and Enka. vho in
Lr As for oral tansnission rhat sas
hrm spread n b areas rs tu as rhc Chola kinsdom
how discipks wse ebally intoduccd ro the rheory and pmdicc olron durl Shaivism
by then p@epto6. Odin should hNc also rescmbeEd $d rhc Srerr AbhinavaClpb
Cave priodq to diftct cipcncncc over knorledg. of
*ha1 shc crlls the pi.scripiivc
r*b'! and if Lll Ded did so ir ws nor just bccoue she tas a woDrn. bur bccaNe sh'
Nas a nistE$ oi shaiva yog!.
Perhlps L\is is t dierc$ion, bur it becane necesary !o sct rhe pdspecrive dshr'
Coning bek to Lrucshvari, shc beAan a new life as d libcnred von.n {ilh the q&n
ot the divire raking h$ fiom place ro place 6 a tandcrin8 aseiic we do not knotr
anything sFecificatly about ihese {anderings of hc6, btrr she rcnouiced onlv rhc
householdels life and no! cxcrly rhe world 6 Ihat *as nol lhc Shaiva sav of rpEodching
*istential prcblens. All wc cm sry is nEi she gor Siddhr Shrik.nrhat guidancc aM
sFpalhy in lull ncasurc 6 she sd o$ on her spnirual quest, evh lhough lesends srv
that she muld noi ftsist kkit8 occasidnal polshoa cvcn al iim This is lrcs Ne nnd ho
when she shned her spnitual joumey, romenled bv lonclinc$i uncetuintv a'xietv, sclf_
doubt. innq mnflici, yot rcstlcs ro find out lhe deep s@rcis of lile and death' We havc
 no ic:n. ro kruw r--lsL,r?. -.o po.dmu. har'e b-" L bu. Ncrf T I
,a\r.,r ! onF b tic. -. a trcdi - o erDe q he_!.0...nd r.s .h,.o.ome.I
T,
sith rh. d Lniscido| ihc divine. tr nusr have hctped hcr 10 rekin ho
mt, rhe
equilonc anidn m latrunnoil. ro survivetHcie ir how she
dcpicrs hcr *are ofmiM
in p.ob.blJ, oDe other carliei rhough mo$ qenoEbtc y,,t
r:
wdr, !p-or u."i t" L-jd I oN my bo I upon..o.^an
wil nJ God rr.x me rnd.ar\ me i.io$,
Likc wacr in rc$ds oi unbrrcd clay, I am wasriDg aLyay
Oh, hos I tong thdr I would .c!.h my homel

vss *oks rhc tmCc ofa fonon and fnrt wonan tighritrg isine waves ro
o\ .Th,s
hF 1.,r. ood ru d p-r,0. {j \ - d pid)e ouoo
rlt"......
r hcln'o', tr rh. o q.hd- e hen' !, ho r,.. :o n hns no e l'lc an-ddgu,,reo.
or he. hp.
,. N.ro! \. omh hL qe"t Lt
D!t. u.r,n. , {hc .hc Lmo, cd on ic).
Ho{ un..,- o. hcr.r. Hou hetc$. tow toa: , o,b h
r:rc1 ".! m-.rm:n \d ,fl,o,h trfln,oror.m.,ndsciJvasd,B,?o
c
r3 or-\' kn- hon- u cL bv 8hd{. poL.. 8ur houotrc. .
gtJ pa.oda . \.. be. omc
Tie. rod\
r- u(tu'rdrhcrd- ,.-T. r1o.ou u rou!,ed,nd
berurilol 6 rhc dsociard jtoase ol6eitrg wried like sarcr
in vc$eh ot unbaked clay
This is ij?qt Lalta origtnita.dexrenctycrealve.Thctcelingorttusirrionandut.r
f t. "s, or 3. e fo-. .ha, I \ Te,"r\u, etrrc!.e. I. mu r mo. _3.
ln,c. L,t Ded ..- c. -,- r,, _dr,aorLt o, -, .",,. *C. -.gt". .,
aspir{bns a'ld ichievctoenis. somdimeslhcyshowh "".1.
bcscr*iih rackof scttuonfiderc!
'ntl
ov.'(on. " /c.r r .nt ru rr, depc,.T, crte$ + tu
rlb s r , pv1 \t,tri nr\.odE,onrhrr Tcnrh-r,l
nJ'e 'n 'e.x'on
htJ .'reorr.odio1.nr 't-rtrp
n Thtre re".u,.r.!1.e.\ -rah/- har

4i hr,,r!' . .\.a, ts hc, oe rn".io . Bur,

o I'c. o og,c
,t r o
.
c' i.i,'t,,c. heri. {o d rcT urc,c
- .o.,obes or d_dc., ..:
Ir-, a,n ,on' 1,rh \ope o o.oo. .S,it.r,.oronrto"c
M LD' 3 blo$ d,Ll h. ! n,er 3nd rhr .rd!r (
e b ne
Aid rhc spinDjig soman spun ,nc inlo s fine v.m
The $ca!q edched hcotr his toom wnh a k;k
B . ql.'t- r..he.-.n o,.-d nc
on i..
^" h,nA none
And rubhd me hxd w rh ru *\
canh iDd ldd
Aid rhe hr urs ra5o6 r, me p,(c bv o,cce
ft.n La r. r" u. ou,", ,t. s",*-"
"* "r,r,.
 nbasm(' fari 01-
.lncLrla!'e'*_drs'ogvorrheprcRdofnrula(tu orhe' pn''rde'dF<:
"".':'],il.;;i';;' ;'*mi@"ros'ase irusr
T:: ;.* ,;: bd Nr i' no wA bu' ro so 'r'
per'N'
*u" "-.,.,,ne";;-..':'.'*n.*.w
p..".'o "*h *e lindr'uge or
awsre E ne,,. eq. oped
.
r" ,norh{ le6c shc hes ro rv rhsr she s
'dr fo''I 3t-'c
-:J"":: ;;1, ;":. ;;;-"ii *- -' -*'r,. "'r"*' "t'i'|
""" F.r mv wooden bow l h'!e a
(cd for an stu\j
ro' turn'ng m) m'€l nmuonr
^. .'r'ttcO 'am'nro
a shop ungu'rded am I
In the nark.lplace.
A body unclemsed bY waieN holy
Oh hoN can ! rcll nY Pligltl
I
r L-Brr !h'|\c d-* !r ha s Nr m$ - i
rl.* st_ e\re r'o hr
:
h"' sd rc blrd hF rc'rr -Jn 'o '
can

"'".J':;;1 :=..';;;."""""' "f: H' p vr'"'-dm'o

":;,ft.'l":;;..,;1.-;",.herbmJ
r''lp r'; ''n mrc r'er 'd' m'
+ebN'dh'tp"(:
^,.'""i0:, ".'"r.""a 'cno *r' c'\* ri'rrc - m' sh' r'v h':'"T:fj-:'"'"'":T,;1,
1; ;':'";"';'"; ,
r-ft unsu"ld ."-.-
Htr m'id 6 l:i"
rhc ddsl or r@qnB " "1'"'* ',*'
'n e6ilv btrBl?d rK( d i.,n "r, ",' "
-'irdiircc \hrch en be
$ llr 'lceo ning m 'r' d'rd'oa hNem o' r-r
"'i'Ln ,E '!o.ql'h
i"i*.r*'- -"'ds in re emp'ne$
No uo rd\'

*:i:*i;m:.1;t;; :,,f ..t1"",::,,;:,l:;j,llir ::;' i:'.,--

The sling ol nv candv ldad
is looscned
Bmr b mY bodY I'ke d bos
i^ ' kn.w hos 10 (!nY fiis burdml
bliJfl o|o*
Ut .u.. "o,a"*" pu-' "" l''e ! e'orc
,;;' noc\ rhhod r 4cph'il lhdc
-g a la bcCu -
Iie $c,c\ of \o ldlv plc-ur' ssefl dnd c1( 'rnd
\""bsa,fo h'"-
.. "::: i;":;.,::,:;';'d , o"ie,b".LhA oo..-eo
i.J:".'""*,: , *::. *, n- *,"- h6 Fow.bcmme "::..,:T"*':"i'i;,1:i .-.,
L'*l"l::::-[1"":::T":""]:"li;
che nnds
distads hd
$at mttenalit' still
"i::l:i"' "'' """ " "'-
 , \" rI dLs-tu$ edb){tsd b'ddGcm'dmrrtl(hd
^ 'l'..:'',;
^no.he
",olo^,eu'*uo -'t' gr''nJ!d r dqdbe /cm
,
h,irN* "p ',,1*h,' 'h" " F b
rurs') I "d or at I
i . ne b\ 'hc n's $d/ D ov '!c
ihnd€d I an nok h:lr*sv on rhe 'nhrnln(nt
And ihe li{ht ofrhr dr} I'A rl(!d\
f:de'r
Llrd I ino
I ruhed dr po'lss bdl nor J psnv "
''".;,;'-;;'). ik.rrd brhn e-cd'
innerknosledge gared h rpplied (o rhc cxtcnDl{orld in cxhvctr meditarlon and rhc
Nrer is lookcJ u;m s a sss rom or ihe inner', as Dvczrosski puis itr5
Ycr, ignoring whri it..o!llv sccks ro convet the mcaning ofrhis vc^e h bcc'
comthElym ildcd The connsrion ofthe lan linc is sevcrcd fon thecoireriprcvidcd
h";" fi; th.a li"* -d hq e.pbdis on rhe.sEsv orriw'rdnes is neaied 6 r-al
;d\ scli-conlcsi.n ol*mdering in th. rude. The word urd inthe odginal Kashmiri
irra' Rhich ncans lo dance a drlso obliquelv io \rndcr" So n is subjcdcd to
went abour r rhat
LvilLlul disbnio' and rrken ro msan drar Lrll. actoxll' disr'bsd ind
$are \{dDUt.aridB for soclal convcnlions oldeconm ordcccncv This is hrdlv crcdibh
assandsiDs nak; in the rreezing rcnpeEtons olKashnn wints isju$ nor rosibls'
BNides. LaiDed hc^clf in scv*rl ol hs ver$s hlks olrhc Decesiq lor lccdiig
rnd
rhevicw that the
dod,ins th.body. Tryingro exphin thliSs, Georg Feure$'in cxlr<es
., labolo I-pnrou'd ured-'!\ritr' "n! ' pocd 1or
",,.",,,"""-i D p* 4-dl |I i- l & D'r s Fa_ I !bo_r Fi 'Lhd
d,.-;* ' di s e na J,r'4{, or tc 'i1g
"t^.l,rd'elmteru4

..-"1."h.",'.' Id..drl"- Eneo'dooo\r"| loqnorheri6o' \elorsL

codes oldres
''
and deconm to the {inds, likc kndadr sai poe(es Mlhrdevi'k}a
rhe
Lasl .ct old.firnce.g!iN an omre$irc social sv$'m
*hose
ir can bc lakm as h
io dtr d {nnudron tules she iuj .o! d nor 3i.cpr'
;"-rr'Jr {{at rl '''ro 1
prth 1o 6vnic
husbandl homc aDdrdok a leap iih rbe dark ro s'lotrt on rh' unexplorcd
r.rliz.tiotr Rljccting . sociallv poreded life, shc finds he^'lfvulncr'blc rnd cxtosd
b .rykind;rins;dirymddxicry'includinsrharofi'v1i3orbtrnser'asrhisvcrsc

O rcllcs mind. do nor bc ri.ridl

The Etcral One is rakin!.xre ofYou
You nry mt kno$ ir, bui He *ill $tiars vour hdger
To Hin rlone You mui cry lor bdl

In anorho re*e she sysl

Do noi rommt vou bodv {ith pangs ol huns* itrd thn{
wh.d ii feels rv$k and $erry, rake rcndcr cae oi it
whik shc hcd ol lilc likc hung* and porcnv gilh i sensc
rhe hash rcrlilies
rnd ttrSuish
sun.nder bcfolc rhe divim will, a'd s iirensclv a$arE of rhe rgonv
exiicnce, shc n Crerrly exci(cd about rbc temcndons N$1bilirie( 'rtn'slonraiion
 hL DED AND HERSPIfuTUAL JOURNEY I77

shs psses lhou3h various phrs* ofhei my$ic life. As her vme reverl, h$ sensibilnios
are constanlly dsailed by rhc innensity ofhunan suflc iaaialllovoh existential s
woll 6 spiritu.l. But lot hs ib soldon lics in rhe bondolcnl gmce ofshiv4 for nysric
union with whon ho cneine and lon8ing intnsilies day by day:

I, Lilla. buding longing

sel out wirh
And sccking, $archin! pa$cd $c day bd nilhr
Till Io, I saq to ninc orn house bdonaing
Thc Pandit, and seizcd ny luck and nar of li8ht.
(T6nsl.!ion by Nila Cr.m Cook)

In emc En8lhh ireslations thc voil r'drr'rd Clndir) ol lhc ori8inal Kashfriri has
becone r leamed natr .buthcrciirclnsro thcmsstrolrhchousc
it h stillused i. commo! KdhDili parlancc. Synbolically, it mcans rhc Sclf, whilc rhc
word h se' synbolizes llrc humu body. Inlcrcstingly, lhe Kannada Vachana pocr
Basvd.m ako inmkes the synbolis ol $c masrq of rhc housc in a simillr scnsc.
We nowse Lrlla exFrc$ilg hs m'stic lelings lhc tangs ofscl)a€tion,lhcpaln
ol ecsbric lovei the bunilg pa$ion of ine desiE ior communio., thc frusLatio! ol
loosing the dnecdon, ihe roral surender ol€o before Hh sil1,llE dclmriDrtio. ro
sumounr rll difnculties in love\ My and rhe ccsrasy of dre 6ral bcaiiludc. Hq cforls
to overcome the liniiatio.s and ve*ne$es tlEi bind he! to inc milcrial rcality" ed
inpede h prosas iniensify. She ralias thal tlrc gret a8ony shc has cndurcd has its
roos in innate isnonnce. Slre tis ro am hescli with a clcarcr vision and a grc.rcr
awdenes and seh out in a l@ric sarch ol shiva:
I, Lrlla wearied mysclfsrrching rnd sccking
St.inins my every nere I looked for Him
Bur lound His doon slammed a boltd
My lon8ing bccme all rhe more inrense
And I sloo'l rhcrc keepinS . walchltrl eye for Him.

To erpEs her peNonal nystical arvmne$ of the Supreme Reality, Lal Dcd l!k6
rhc tuurc d l Jcvotion, layirg bare lhe woun&olhersoul ro Sbivd, thoug6 her dcvolion
h hccJ wnh specularive kiowhdgc. As hy vadlrr revedl, she combines her qucsr tor
8no$ic illuminarion wiih the deprh ol her enorion.l experience. The ease siih wiich she
csiablishcs an cmorional relarionship sith shiva, rhc incfiable, ihpn$nal and fomle$
Cod olTrikr mcrrphysics, Dlkirghin lookDe6onal, points ro hd genius borh m a saint
and opoe!.In facr, myyical rmdirions have sought and affimcd rhe po$ibiliry of such
a rclrlionship". Lil Dcd rries lo nake n compatible $ough ho sptrdid in.gery vhich
shc 6kss lmm hcr evcryday experience. Kashmn shaivnn, it nu$ be nored, does nor
:.rJ;:::,::;:::::.:::: i;fi :":i"H l':l#ll*;l#:l :: ::lil: I:
;^r,"*rff;:?:T: *'a m A he' mvv
J:*::J;;J:; "",-'*" *"".
;:iliTr:"i ;:"k';."r'""t*iU',
th'q mt!"! s'rz ;i*:i:$ii:flfilili
sul::ol::q\
Bn i,{ourd bc s'onb o 3re i s)ra fd , rardevs
sha:.a BMrri trsd
ron rptr\nrd lt s*d pod'."*,"'-"-
Eho oFccded I Dcu dr'nougr rhq'pI
*.1."'".lll l*.*,,y
sr""kr,,
eh'.,."+-"
i. ., a"'' a'"''"'"' I'jltlol'-''" *." ,, "r'..*u"
".,.n",""
:,i',rrff :t:i"ii*l,t-r-:;.**t**it*i
rilif La\*d
;e ronorP'ardrd rnd 'r'a'sta ' "r!":*l::. Biaua \m.rs"r
""-
i :;lll J ,x;*,;il:l'tr: i;::,:"*: :i:."l,flll;lfltl t;tl
[iq**#r+*:[[***sffi
**ffir*-5$ffi
Hin md cven Po$es Him:
lit up *iihin me
t diffuscd oubidc ihe light lhar
And in dial darknc$ I si4d
uin
And held Hifr rigitl

, a'a dd rdd'hoh'e'd rs b rl''":"1"' :1":il;1 1Tii1.:

iH'"*;;;:ll *::, :"'."'#;",;'1i""'1"11'llii;':'"""''''""^'"'

":T",J,
 I AI, DED EES SPIRITUAL JOURN6Y 179
^ND

: i! oaq5r '\'cl-r or I r'dirf'e F oi nrrtse rsJ rhd I 'l'd dore! r'1e b a6 r

3q"
Nmr 3n- rr m!'uc
.^;";;, 'rrecBndtuNr"
' rs " rh * ''**'ma
';:. "".. "'**"t'--o'"ro'e tr'' - c"
.'."".1.i,J'.""j--
Here,otr e Lm hordLng Ydu rn m! fiil
g.- t- - r *
'" '" "",:;'"" '*" r-, *t"ru re )ou flefliB'
h^';"" 1"nr 'on bv oaur r' vurpi \
of shiva:
uFaiadcva roo;6oibs this Mv$icd Nighl a d calk ir the Night

Lei rhs incrprc$ibl. NiShr

Shiva whos. ndian! c$ence
<ircaJs s oM brishme$
lr G iD hat rhe noon atrd rie sun s
i sell orh (dtrl trsr r
(Srrt rrotltait: Translarion bv Parl E Murphv)
(hn'a!
\Dn,n".arlDo dc!' bs rhl r ehr o -dilseLaede-l n-Fo'e i'
""''ll:,;T,;;; l;;.-. ur srdrrres r'Lrcdu{ '}I)rbotr'ro
n'Fcroio* |n-'
-o.6
"._,, ".,-1,:....',r.t'..'tr rill
The dav ri!1 bc *lingunhed and rhc nigh 'ose
rh! c"nh silL he erEnJcd he\k)
;; ,'.
;.',;";,
'on.' e -oo1 uD idh- q ro Lo
".".
".^ " .01. r . 'e' rtsrr!'"o oor\hn!
iJ "*. "' *.,et'
qrll (onrin e ro
:t - K"j mtr Sl \ c " p '1r De iia'
r'd !une' )g rno 'ar'
f. i 3r'd\'Pud' /' o rcmpe( sb'a "r qi\
..',.,, "l^,.,''.,'
._ " *,r.'*",*""'o"""' lhh !ltorrDh01)bre nns 'o ofmelhl - c
-I ;;;;: J--"i ."e" r*
::il.;,. "r "+rr ., r'''I t\'
or' rhe

-. ';,;;l-,;:;..;:;"
.,"":h1 -.i.'" * -1"o'.. -' e'- *n r'rrcr'
h.
0'06)

! n'e ro r i rr'cn"! o d,'i'v

- ;". ;,. : t"' ",;,';''
adrr' "-d
.,.,.'j:,::'::,:; " oto i o* - -otn' d
"o^'o' c n 'r'
;. ,";'", ,". .. . .. Jr'lg ts rr uL " 'ar' 1 'd d! sno6
''"' .r - i. -a .*"o-"0*' b I I m co be ng
.-::'',i:' ;". ,",;.''-' t p-') att"Ldoaoatt'a h"
''"^, *";:""
.,..'.'-"'r"-_." r'oa
j' aon'Fdrn
' ' '': ; . ,:" "il i""" 'ag' 'r'" ' o""'
io
*u*'trt - rhcp<J\'o11 'rr'f
'
' -
- '"_^' '"t ;; da"rer'r& dr{r'on r""ord-rnn' n'
":;-,trmikd.-osrJsc ano a
"_"",".:":.";"
"-.r; "", r,d.J,o o o e abo-r aco'drn"
.'' :-i;;" ;. ;' ; ; ; .,r""' "n r';-e .-"o'd
r E o'inb o prd) i ' o'o \' o $ic
-- * r'*e
t *' .*.. " 'n
". 'mp
pure, rndivided conscidusn*s or PaFmdhiva concreti4s inro rhe univeis covennS 36
categories of linned, narerirl cxtlcice. For over@ring libcnllne
these limirations and
rhe individul soul lron bond.ge, Triadic m'€ti.ism ofies a whole rdge ol mcdiklivc
rchni$es or nethods knoen as Lalleshwlri appeas to be fully avdc ol thcsc
'par)ur.
md cldns 10 have purlfied hesclf of aU lhe impulilies caused by Mayd and is cvoluts
rhrough intense pEdice and yogic discipline. She chins:

lnpurnies vde eipcd away frcm my mind

Then only did I albin knowledee of lhe Sell

Ald rhen I b.beld rhat He ms near me
I rcrlized that He i! all and I am nolhirg,
Hcrc ihc us of mimr d a netophot neds panicnlar andion h h lhougn the
anrlo8y ol qremal objecb refle.ted in a mi@r rhar Shaiva thinken ol K6hnn *phin
how oanifesrarions of consciousne$ aE tep ated lion rhc Sclf'. In s*enl othcr
v.66 also Lalla cl.iN rhal she ias puilied her hind by buming de dos th.r had
gatherd Iound n and prcvenled rhe self 6om rEvcali4 iB Lae nature. As, for insuice,

Mv hean I pdrched as lame6 parch (ne gnin

And from rhat fiie th*c came a wontlnus lighr
And ShiM in a fla6h I did obrain.
(Trmslation by Nila Clam Cook)

Ld Ded, n is s.id, anained enlighrdnmt by preticing the l/,ddli,i or /r)rloga

shich iNolves ncdihlive rccirarion of rbo ecrcd sylhblc Om conbined with brearh
contol snd concanrmtion . The pddice is actually kmwn 6,.r.r4,r" dd is included
undc! adi,va //,qz in Shaiva phxis. Thde dc scvcBl ua[rt in $hich Lalla.leany
rcics to it. For insbnce, we have $e lollo*ing vc6c:
HNins dosed lhc six foresb, I aftkdcd rhc moon
By conrollirg ny bftadr I ippo.*d naturc
Wirh rhe Ure ol love, I $orchcd ny heafr
And in this Nay I found ShankaF.

The sixfoesb ' ar obviously lhc six cr,r',s or cent€s oi energ (ple*lsct whnh
the yo8is seek lo pierce by arcusin8 ihe coiled energy Alddltt The noon in csotnc
Shaivis symboliz6 tnliEhrened con$iouslc$ o! \he Hed olslity , as Pdul Eduado
onea.-Muuerexplains, quoling Abhinavagupla'3
 r AL, DED^ND HER SPO{T!^L JOUR\IY IIII

0$!6
oi: \ho sces io dificrcnc' bd\e'en onscLla
rhi fcrdr lhc dar nld rbe nighl as ihc srne
i o{ m'nd L rr.e oi I l'lurLi')
ul Sh \r lord or
'h'
god'
'he
$ord
', rLl fr drrl\renr leuph Lr rlrs LhlnE ol rhc
- s.r,lccmc md j'u ' L fn'l hrp|
(s
tl
'k
!r roo' u JnSr, re(ihtrt id ll"ill
::
h i rLoN Jiu ( I lce Sl'ri irle
'i r" or'o od_ 'l-L DtrJ ^"\ r' h
^" J' r'oo r"o- l'
' 'i "" '
..,.;-1' ",''p.
..:.....'":
:r': o" hF'
"l; ''irr''r'b

aild .haDlcs rvsid dd $]o!e aDd thcn irto icc

i loolts 3;ir rhc rnrlc saEs are ditrer t
R n on rcnrdion rv! nnd ihcrc io lie n' difftrd'ce
lid $ rhc sun oluon$loust$ shifts
rll fts dirmirv i: dnsolvrd 1nlo unilv'
 no - c ren ro L\ ro h_'h\0 H n* r
' '".,i;:;;l:'";; ..hc'dp,. ou".d o i'umind o i ''uPDord ob"'r
'na
*.' 1*' ..". ,;r m( ' ao'br 'b" hc'aesL i'' ! n hu
".*i,li..l "
rn *eekine ne rndThce l pas$d rhc drv
Absorbcisithin Thvsell Tidu hadsr rcfrained
Whsn I bcheld Thcc in mlsclf. I Sained
F.r Thcc and mc rhri r"torc unr'$nincd
(Tnnslidon bY Nila CEm
'oori
Ar lhc cnd olmootrlightro rlrc md o'c did I call
soo tr hr, Pam {
h Lhc lolL of 6od
.* -:r, ' r"i'., I :
^nd 3. dr lov(d one I
'$"\med
^.in
i' *-"..*"'. -'t' tt- mrm'ndddbod bcsmcrure
*|-,o cou cmern \c"rlda\nq mdL1'g roD\'3-o''o i
e
-r*mdolruo
; :;"'; .'i"*a -' -'odelcd "o
.
".";'l:'ii;;.:
:":" ;,,; ";;i".''"".
-.""\c.ed bvIr"h he*rr:
","."".-" ",. oe'e
"' i:. ,,1.,;';:;; ""."' {r r- d '" '' "cJ1(ro" o 'rr
'
'
."".. ,,",". ,h3-inerp'c-'be '.
,^ _;l:a:1,::.: ;;,^;:":-:",;",
;:'.".;''"*".;";;, .,''
"'' ;"i,;;,: ;.L"";. Dcdhtr ,od'c ocrh" 'areo intrnd's hcdr- "\n{
u no 'n c\c )+-s n ir" " rv sn" ie
r) \'01'
'^ '-:':;;;:'^.".,".."."..*nc.
::.li:'j#;;;;;;'.;";'.i',' Henr' r'd4r' p!3' i sno)4''n*r4
rro'd -
'ilff';';;;";' e1rhcqoroorIn! orer$'thshc 4 0":,
ir;::,:. ;,; ;";; i;;,,",","., ";;'o m, <r,=rc,.r
""" -o
r'e b',ro
,.",',,. ;,*.{r'
","e .e i b''orrorun'o 'hccnrr r\-'
"',;,:',1,1"'"; "r","
:i;.;".;.;;:';'.;;;;',h;''"" hcr'"''qo"\( hc hi'rro' e e

Through rhe d@r (o ihe gadcn ol

nv rind
l. Lalla. cnrcred md lo wh'l blhsl
I saw Shivr in communion sith Shakti
Ther I becamc inime6ed in thc lakc ol nechr
No* whd cr Dcarh do urto se?
(hough alivcl
For I shdl be dcad even
\( J'obfr --_
Ilr,s b \c "1rts, o )r.(e{p'ieae$d lte-ow1E- r''oh" cn i : -
;i.]"'.,r"'i..," rr\e r'-'1' "rr o''\'''
",,-,,i.1
 r3l

r::! iarondud th. blissful unio,i.lshivx 3id shrki hn dr

-_: : r:ildrigolrhch.monyolbod,.voluforrtrd i'trolulion, rhc
. o.. ,) . .. ,..!n ..... . D oT,
:,: : r.: nnnin. !a{r$s otrlr loid Thn knse ot*oidtr is rhe
: .. ,,..r.n. ri rhr Shnr Strfus sa] \it\a)r )a!u bhuuikahr th.
: : ::a:r! ro i; ft saDE as rh! o.c.n of rech. ot cDlielrrctrtrua
. :,rh Kjh,mtuir tLLLudes ro in l,is cxtLrml o ofanollrsebonsm
. : ,r.;.:;,rrr r,ri(Ab dnig rhb poinrchc ptunqes eastrr t o rhc
.:.rr rlr,irx,j Thc iD gcry or h n.6or (&)s.m) n ro be
. i. :i,mph.dions olrbsollliotr. subnc6dr, JissoLLdion \rhicl, rll
:: :-i,i:\rh.a Ji,,r.t.tu
: :::r'roltuphtro'su,ion*nLslinr\i,ll.rirL.onrpmbl.svc.rresJ'
. :..:rir.tromr oD l as Ur|ardlra s),s, rhe ecjrry mry las orly
' : :lrili oi liil .r,n!'.! lr i\ J,,,adr6r, or rokl inmesidn iD rhe
:- i -,rL. ra\er fo' LkeLrpaLdc\a.LaLlrroolsamreLre'sivc urrrtr
_::r e r. dridk i.ofr rhe "cqrs olnedr." tull 10 rltr bnJn rlirshc s.e\

l.d ir rDrhd hotrsc olrecrai

Lo {ht briD bur fo oie Nas dinktng.
jr"."-.ct ri L L. ,
:::r nft R.rrilv This rs.,J{J,', "tr"
or,no Duif in\hLrh thcrcisdn.d
:r {irhDd re.on.se to ary DiNa's lrrll is Shna. lhcn r1rer is rorlu!
: : :r bu: ro ren'r I6 h! or shc n llcft rtl.oD0trdir.is rs.!e d I I
::- T,r Llirtucrc! bcN.cn subed ?id obj(r, llb* ioi aDd hoidxlr
.'.o!ol' -io ,.
^"
. . :-: .\xrnr or iotr exnrcdr Il nabDnr rliis{fu {lkrLalIspcrks nr rrris

: :r n id. Drr Jan o, r,lr.cndcnr

: , .' nlc{c. nor !oai. csrtrics

ir ltr. ior His Sh rir]tHcnd!

:::1! remr's ari bk. rlul A ths pmepr
 Ar anorher place we lind hc saying:
Ncirhc you, nor l. nor mcdiialion or it objccr cxkt
AU .clions arc lorgoten auromtically
I1* blind could make ndthing ofii
Bul thc wisc bcca're one wirh lhis suprcme sbtc
Lrlia r(enpls to exDress hd cxpcricDcc ol inmeBion into rh. i'eLrblc rllin
called Shiv., whose ssence is in.oiccivabl. rnd beyond conEmplaiion c\ccpr li rcnr
ollhe concep! ol r/irrya or cmprinc$. Shc rrkes us don8 rhis dilficulr mcraphvnr:l
rcrrin wirh rc Larile ese. I ler favou rirc ctl.cs ion r/i u)?s 5r r,4", ,r i/ii, s (cmn.D.:r
has nHged wilh the enpiines) is rviJcly rclishcd by her ods rhough ns adml mc ir!
cvdcs Ihe undE6tanding olmon of !hcm. Thc rerm srx,r? has acoallv bccn rakctr i:'
Kashmir Shaivirc ph osophes lrcn MaidhFnikr Buddhisn (or is nij annnada ra
Yoeschram School?), bul inlelprdcd ii ihcn oin Nay by rhcn lo denorc fullrc$-oi
rhc Absolure. L.U. often lses ir ro poinr ro hcr rre of.bsorDlion inio rh. suprc't:
when rhc sutr disrppeared, rhcrc renained modnlilhr
when rhc,nootr larGhed, only nlid rcmaincJ
wl,en rhc nnrd loo disappsarcd,lhei no$inlnc$ \Yas kn
Then edh. crhcr ard skv ncscd irlo vacuirv.

when the TMtas disappcd.J, (hc nantrs renaincd

when fr.nta dhaDpeared. rhc nind rcmaired
when tuind too disappcarcd .hctr nothins Rmiincd
Emptincs mereed wirh rhc cnpri'ss
The vicisriruds rhar Lrl Ded goes tltough ro nirc ar t rhreshold ol!hk erp.ricin
are nry. Shc lmvcsci in ftct, aolNejouncy lrom nuifendionro undiL.r!n1i!r';
aeEne$,lroh lhc catBories olcxisleDce to thc sdprcDic subjediviry ofrmmashna
liom the Ems to rhc subtle and subtlo Il hapm.cs rlin inrohespi.rcine ollhc Ril'
olMlya and cxp.nsion orco'$iousnes to itrcludc rhc cninc univene as oiet own scli
It does not bkc placc ir any exlentl realn bur in onc\ own mind
Thoqh Hc rus withi., I $rfhcd lor him outide
The .onlrol ol bEdh :ood'cd mY nedcs
Ttuough nedirrrion, I rcalized thal rhc Norld and God arc one
Thc nanife! *o d bccame one {nh ihe unmanifci.
Kashnn SlEivism h a life-afimativ. philosolhy thal regards iE humdi bod! r
an abodc ot lhc It v.liddes rhe rcrlily ol rhe mr(erial sorld md .oisid:'
'livinc
conscl.n$d*robcinelubndruma sromdolcvcMhins,^sirisiheEso itnhcr:'
 :l i ; :5il"='l;"iil:i'L:::i. l.l::l:i:ili ;:::: i:liiil;
rdliz'iion lasbY io rexis $.rsY
onc Strc r rincd $e
:,: r'-m.! 10
r:-t."lis ienc sh.lclhNolh('rtrtr'nhiq
- . .,.;-,r 'ra;*ing "'r
, ,: r ltr ol hs vr$r'
I \Y3lk'd
-.i r! Gu 1!r. ofiand stucr d tlF pshr
i . ,,.. ,r-".'l " '* t'' '-t
"1"* ''u '' on I

,,:.. .., ...

".;., "
. _- ri.:Libsutun'c rid ii rr un6urllr "*dr' tdN
. . nr. trr$. Llr dLtrJ n f'!v'
. . ,;*.,,- l ,o.' nc" no'l
"'a
: : .h mind I sloLrrd rlnou:h ' riTough
LT fAlr ii b Nil I nm Li\ir
 ( Rnn n r':
mcrc'on!d.. gut'1onJ b Nno" d' de'i n'Fa Ar''oL ro-sr''tr
"tr.'
if,L'"1.*.:""*i""-"**'r' \ voa'ronnodo ro' d h
;;";, o ie No' s' s' J') rh' r N r'r\ rd h tum
--'l':.'; '
". .'n! d't. * -rsrm'r lm"d b' 1c'r'rr''
r--dcr
,".,..,.i'
:''. .;" ".."i.,".
: ;';.;".'".. .,'ol'e,, r: \l'|ili
- l.:e;:::',"r"*i. :::li:
gu'd'nEnse
dho..rNd!.t lookngrrhe\orlLlrs///''l'V'il

Ld rtrcm thousnd\ ot trbusc' r't ft .

lu
I {,ll nor enrcdrin sn} gric!dnqc 'n nv
mrnu

If I a iruc dcvoiee olSlrnkrn bc

Ho* crn ashcs s'in rhc niror' rft$
all?

\ rAr'ru o (n$r'"3 ad ri
ts .e
-J Dro - rmbSdo
,.''"..;':' ;.; ;;;'":." "' do " do. o d :'oN]!
.r rrn d ^n o- ! Bn r'' ro' nc' "d :r'r '
n"' l: d': ;:,; il ::i
(N'tr er u,c
d rrtrh" . ro tu' 'n (he !o \ ofYrihMJrShr a i'r n'r"'J ''
."i,, ; -..' ;;,:."", " , dn'o o 'o "\'n"'' poql \!d nJ
",,
;:",.'";-.;;.,' .,"". ","'ovcur ft d $'h' grFtr'
. d.li. D:r
,,,",,,;'i"" :"", ;: .",-, -." e I,n.. ro,
LlcRm t u'l neDma fc rsocr;jn:ci;::"
1T,,
"' * .""- ...,h"
".:,;
::' j":"'":';";"
^.*. ;:.,,," e
-.,L" ,.a .r ro'or". ..*".n" n-'"odrr" '/
* ",,; hdrcm rN Bh!
'i'-;;:"''
l::,';^:;.,;.;.;.;. ,', ";do o inrouu'ed"' '. r' i'|db o'chF iole '!

i:::i;J,; ;";';'"', " "" ""-- . - * -.", "1"!r'r'a ''ci"'^'o ' ''
-''"J"-"1i""'" "'"ooe coro"n\resotu'o'ir s'
'i
(housand tines
MY aud I $kcd a
whit i\ rltr isme o H'm shu I s no nMe
lbc ne$ '/ nd i d
^."-""-'-r^r-'
o;i or this norhing somdhing nas cofrc our'

bui his namc is All Names to usc rhc vords

sli
* .iii-tii il'.i.-"*i.'i ' -." "h" si"* \ " "*" b 'idrhus,
r" in his que$ ror
*righe"--r', by-t.""ri *ir" he is called

shi;!. Bnanala, Maheshv.n, Panmcshvara, shrmbhu and so on bv thE SEar shann!

s.gcs lite VasugDpia. Ulpala, Kxu.ra, So'[nmda Abhinrvagupra, Kshemamaja aid
dthc6. ShankaEbcinqihe nme noslv prcfcftd bv the prc'cpro6 olrhe SFnda S'hool
ri d Bhaimv.naarh r and P&anshvambv Abhi'a!.gupra' Lallcsltvariroo calls Shiva bi
 NNDBgR SIINTU^L
IOURNIiY I37

rLhe
_'^r r6cd lLre shtlmrq'lis
-':1:";,-,' *' "*-: ":':ri::
, I \ .hr hA drJ rh! rem
!:n! 4 ;Iil*|[:r:'.*,,*'lilii
_
-
docs not nced
: :lrinr ihe utlimllc orc
$'o gh merc sishins
- ,:.:il"'ili"""l'l'-'" "' ""n
.. :ll.'J:,:ll"l', 1"fi ,"'

.= i
ii:*rr,tl.,rt,,il:i
' - i "',,l;-i:;-;trtl;{;"1
=,-
;:j :: : :':';;'-:ii;"t""-;'':':;:':i'
l t"'tt :t++'*trtii:*
' r,,i]
::,
;i,r:ij*.i,':;. r :l' l".::;i.*
;;';lt;ri i: s;;,;,,ilr
",f;. f5
]r
'
t:'i ttit"'''l:- ,.
_ tse I r' \\ho lr qlr' JiJ coulh'rnLl

,.
**u**srffi
dbFd \. r - q o$ fd suntrFu ha' P'N" '<:.T
F L.:l:.a.s
r;/"rc" d ms crr'., - s.rrnooo ,o d*
-s F soiuo- onr) in rhc l:'{ ir'"]' l;,i*.i.c4*"
,i","., r<"...ri'r"- o"'t".opn) m $h hle ""'ou'l'.. ,.* *. ".-".n "
"
r:::t'#il ix1 hiH:s,i1ttlij1 xPi; ;;t'::::;;;
(hc Pasr
We have been thcre in
And in fic future we shdll be
FnElcr lhe sun ns! and es
aBtn
i.*rcr srlq '*n' m aivt'e' ard 'Fa{l
rr ts Lh. \P ! o, r'
v i * d'T *
:' : :'Y,:lIl." :."#:i:1,'"1,i:1;
oorr !onr'uc oda./rc *i\ t' t"t- "t'ntn*'-'*.ou,*,u,",n.0
-<
a or_-'"_ ",r""
Ii..i",r,..o,....,,*a n v-u"t1orr") E -":-':'1;;;..a ne con.d$..nar
-a 't'"'u-': * '-" x"+-. .. a "-
"r. ".rr.'*r'^r'.n
deavcd fiotr rFd {Fnr.n lf Itl Dcd! d-'eLnun.r;..-.,,**..",.
ra na n u"eo dc'ert Ac ea<ac: x::r;; ;. F borcw he "od
'
*;l
oo,r.s ,y
'cm"
-'"r'.,' t:';ffr:""';llr:ir.
la pocL
*O eint \ :i:i:"::ni:*..,'1"";;l
r ."on orspfltatitv
!Fron
a poorv or

RIFERENCES

;"
I l"x."l;'": ;I;:''1il::;"1111";;r ':;; : :{':;x '"11:::;;
. l;::;:j.'l'."::'1",':"::i";t":""il: ;l; :. ;,","'" " "' "'' " "- ""'
. i,:,miH*,11};l?li;1ll'
 I DIJD AND HER SPIR U{ JOURNEY I39
^I,

a.K. tr@sqd, sFd4 o/srn& I od@, hguh

rj slani shdedudq ri. b34 o/r4,,/ slq'rd

 CHA.PTER 1.I

Political Content in the Vaahls of

Lal Ded
 '''1-)--]ri''-

*ffi
" *" *..,"'- :'':i;:::, ; jj
"'",""."',.'. ::l : ::
t.-,], i_li" lli.";;,,_'"Il'".*l
".. "

' u,:iJtp;;':1i1gr;;;i:::i;i:;:r';
J,;' ";:.,.-t.=t",,
:

' : "". -:i;i"l;,".: I:*',:"Ilj,i-:".':";*,1':u'

*-.ffi
'' l'J""il'" ul"rie I ig'
r'"""' t''r't''o
' | \t" * rng 'n
 s.tid AIi wiririg of lhn otr cominuous afd casy influx as itno border
era spe*s
barieB * hrcd. Thc kingimet I had bcao mc r zea tor Thc ,,ralisr,,_t,Sr,, i rccods
h

rhar on hi! rctun tom hn miiirary expediiiois, Shihab !,1-dh rook b ruv.lins Hi,tu
ren p lcs .nd de{roycd anumbcrotlhem ar Bijbihan and rhat "hc haddsi!trs ro dejov
allrhe.cnpks rndlu! in erd ro lhc e ne communiryofi,rfidck f4 Hx$, cotroborares
lnis hdrJ Ihough hhodes spcak otrhe dc$rudion, dry rurcly speak orrhcn imnacr
on rhe pslcbe aDd lrudion ot rhc to.rt potutarion. Feonh likc Lrt Dcd Nould hale
erpercnced it iinihand borh rhc physi.aLdcindion rnd ih.,rniat ronur innided.
lniead, r inrlc Eve^c rwisl has 6co sivcn b rhe titc off,at Dcd. k has been
conimded thar Lar !! r sevrc .riric of lhc otd salc,. This see,ns io nipty rhar lhc
sholcsale dstru.rion rrki'rg phcc att aroud hcr wotrtd tror hi,e mrdc inv imoacr oi
r- , es ut ,(h..\c.ctLor-o. in .", , ",,"-,""-..,,
o! 1en'... ehr'rt, tcr ?vc.r "
..J,, ".."
" or refl-\,ir.tr..o ,.d
riruals olrhe peoplc ofhcr rimes. Bu! so hNc noj rhinke6 in.I limes Evci * LalDed
rom olrhe cueotus, she *as itso uphotding.nd n.opagarin! the belicts
\yas ftiticisine
upor trhich rhc socicly rn'l tiirb ot h( lnrc Ras foundcd. sharyakL6 crtls Llt Dcd
'MaNuuFaL Hr.j\ siict. Four c.nrries
trior ro f,rt Ded, Mansur had c icned hl.fr
aid M'slirns nrhn vchcmendy. BatI Ati, rhc finr ljagiogi.pher ro spcak otLat Dcd,
cans hd lhe sc.orJ Rabia otBrsR.,.Rrb a roo. hrd niicnod nr ma inmrm
hhm in
nrllervcry harhknns Amund rhs rime LalDcd lived. sufi srinr all ov( rhe u,rd?
drld,, Rcrc crni.nhg sonre Mrrtin cuioms md rEocas ev$ hoR hanht! Lat
l' ' ! u "f^-do/ 1e o Dl .,.-.g
" hisrduatLy.h!rneadhcrunrsolaftith$hoarcvcxcdbvdev[rnE
ph.crlarcundh "
hnd. belicl.rd nc.plc, LalDedcotrtd noiljivc bcetr indiflerentto rhcdcpftdariois, rhe
dcmolniorsolplacGot\oahrp,rhci,,ei8lcncnrsrodetud.rhesocjdyrh wftraking
pl..c rhroughoul htr lrrd. The pocr in her cortd nor iave rchaincd ur ou.hedlr x rhk
'.1 , jrc e r',". ,.p.,. I rh-.{dk.
I)osiblerhar atlrtur dr mayha\cu *ed in! gtrishovtrr h Dorrcadedus. yer. h
cn:n( ra!(/is vdly lrk otrlr itupri orrhc linres upon ihcm Ho*sver, this is oD.
rsrccl olhq poerry rh,1 has remain.J uncxftoRd
A incidcnr ot zaim,t ihdif\ Lile is rbar lhen hc dcvetoped . very
'nuchrold
t)rflnlsoreor.rbunch rtrl ncked his body, hc coutd m. nnd a Dhrsicim in ihc whot.
nix,\m r o.o.o , rd ti.. ( o ,.,b.4 ,d' ,s,
t,.i i'.o. 4
rs xlso rll olhd compcrcn( profe$ionrk our ot K hntr ,^r loDg taj, riier nuch
rarcli, his nEtr lo.ded r rzrl naned Shnyr Bhd tiviDg ti disguisc in Sri.aearand n
.. j..-. t cd .,dt,. d+ - \" r u..l
o o1 .ni'rro- bt i T.o,.rmr.
 disposs$ iof olrhe local Kashnnis nor ready ro profe$ lhc new 6irh ai rhe hands
soc ia I
ofze.loscould cause lftm 1o losc cvcn lhen livelihood Spcaking in the cnchl csnrury
ral Lan.ih in one olher Malrs:r7
Gottlah akh rtchhrn bachhi sD hLrdn
Pa, za, horan pahi ni nuri li t"a
Neshi bad akh .hhun vaaz"\ ,tudr
Ta Lalchhas p raan [hvn*"t ha P,zh
lA vise nan I srwdYingofhunlcr
Shrkire like r lef in the wintr wind
(And) r fool I srs bcahg hn cook
Sin.c ihcn I hrve bsen waidng lor n, bonds !o brerk.
(\e.n1ng lor death to rclicv. mel)l

Did La1 Dcd *c {hat extreN pcdcculion decades lder? The 1ae
finalLy .ahe ro be
line al rhe rodkh Tani t.al ehha\ pntu,\htdltan m prch" nx somehos lcd& the
iealii of rhc ptccdine li'H gedng blrned rnd rhc wholc rz,fli hnsDosed ro a
philosophical pl.i.. Btrt h ir really so? The pbilosopbical dintnsion is cl..rlv h.letchcd
in rhis v,al, (ldrcd io UadH m nd.tre situarion. ,\ll lhc lacedin! rhree li'ts spcak
ofm adurl, physi..l iomeni brought abour by rokl nux ola soci.tvt nores and
mooriigs. A prcp$ undcnbndinS olibe mal, sill clsly shov rhir rhe rcaerencc is 1o
rhezealob fa(cnins a ihc lermed$iflins lorrhc; fdnh bccause oflhc rcligio polirical
ciFclvsm havii! ovctuken thefr
ntli .thtri4us tai pdhi ehhukh na6tn
Ya ti hnli kithi ?axon chhtt)
'hdn
SoruJ \onhith t.ii chhlar nD^an
varti n)alia kithi rc^a .hhu!
'nrctc n a yaRning pir undcmc.rh vou
Ard votr are dmcine abovc ir
PEy. Sn, how can yon bdn! yolnclfro do so?
Look,$e nchs You ar rhr$iigh8rc'
Noihins ollhis willsoNnh You
Pmy. Sn, how can youtlish your lood dnd drink|N

Lal\ tadtionally b..n i'ilcQrcred r Jealing * nh spirilual intima(ions

have
'raths
and mccnr. AloDg rhe {.y, sb. is sho{n rclling the seeknthatalllnc worldlv plav is but
en hs rcirher. sound bsis mdio.anv lx{ins inlort Reccndv. rhct has been
^d 'h,
in aremDr to civc a eilntnc in lt stelches fdm anticipation in
 IN TNE /11X'5OT
LAL DED I95
POLITICAL CONTE{

-t*[*+*t*ss*ffi
r;; il,f :ii:iir,'"+ -i":u:r ;,";;
:i,,":i*'.*:}

-ffi1gg$*;ffi
nPtnhi'l Lh r'nt\o )
rnlt th!r']::rr
lntu t)aali tnkith Pa^iot'tru!
rA d{D Dtr I cs beno'h d)ouLl 'e'bo\cir
.",'^-"1-'*''.'' :l:::-,"..". ..".,",
:,i i, .i*i'*'+" "t';
; ;.riii 'fq;:;i
t''1tr 'onb'ith
i^u '"'
l& 'ltl r nta^'rt" '
L'n ott ino l
",'ir'

ffiffi,ffi
".,t"' "
Muslim incuaions lrom the Arab-Sp.in a well as Mudim-Turkcy. Thcrc rhc parhs weE
ycll dclineared It was rlmosi mlunl rha! a Joan of arc should lcad a ctus c rlainr
rh3 foreigneE iilrudi,r8 upon rhe hoty soitofher tmd Aid shc hid a i.rivc prince ro
goad her in the Cood woik
ln Lal D.dt Klshmtr, lhe kingship h.d alreadybecn usu{,cd. All shc.ould do was
ro Iry to drun somc scnsc inro her compadot who, as ihc lricr cvcnrs show, scrc slow,
mudr too slow, ro co8nize the dangeB. Tbe Indian ethos, roo, dos not show any obviods
pE$icdcc of sinilar o.curences and ircunions Two ccnluri.s lalcr. n {as a minor
princc in Rdashan who su.coun a hansed, harangucd rnd hunr.d Hrmayun, paling rhe
way lor rhe snnd Muehal en,Dne in lndia.
?.1i .r"}' rys - r pit lies berearh' could wcll hlvc bcc addrcscd by Lil ro
hc .onlenporaies who mighr hrre been Cloarir8 ovq bcing appoinrcd rd scdc rhc ncw
nl.E. ,^s Shahmnt sons Ali Sher and lrnshcd wcrc lighring n o ovcr succcsion.
people nry have thought rhat tl,irgs were no dillcrcnt fiom rhc chaos following
Rmacl,andrasderrh.Theysereclearlyuna{arcol$cbulldozingolihccnlncKashmni
mtiquiq thar wm to coDe at rhc limds olihc Srudson io co6c sikandai .id rhc
zealous Sayids in thidyyerm riDe. Mearlhilc, thcydrr.cd ar rhc risc and fall, c.ughr
the *.ay favouN. and probrbly shnrk ar Ihc gcncrsl chos bu! look no iorc of rhc
develop,rns ihar lrre iaking thcc rll anund rhcn
1he se, rl chaos, rhe bslcs,*s and thc Frirical vacuun lhor rhc advcnlurous
Rirchana ard Shah Mir lourd on crrcring thc valc ot Kashnn nrds alno$ a gmphic
depicrion in tl,e Lal\ wdkl's:

Hathiri han ji te^ttur kon go ..

Valour aM niilihry migliri noi to stcrk olrhe royal arcnrl,IrovcolnoNail as Rinchci!

confcd.rrG ncd into RaDrchandrat lon d Lrhr.r rrd rhen lety knivcs drink the
honey like blood of Ran,rchrndrr'rr A $rrw arol ro rhe wooden bo{. it all proyed ro
be Hd.h|i ham ji pett^w kan And the Valley. ihe natuE1 lon ,rt ir *rs ro
'eFted
be, tumed out to be r shop sithout 1o.k in rhe open markd (4d,u ras 6d:rtds krtt'

Dream s o r no dreams, nor e cou ld h.ve foreseen ihat la litadayat Ks hmn, Hanhr's
Kashmn, from shich Chaznavi chose lojun p*s by, sorld be go(sn by the aliens on
a plater. Yd here sd rhe kingship l.id on rhe l.p ofShah Mn vilh jNt r rokm nghr
in {hich Kota Rani corld jus ma'rse ro kill he*elfinne.d ol being bodil} .busd by
rhe licror Sh$ Mir, if one Eoes by rhe symparheric vcGionilhc orhcr vrsion b.ing thd
Kola s* ravished by Shrh Mn lor one nighr .nd inprnoned the lollosing day.r: ,{ll rhh
hrDpened becru$ Kishnt had an unskilled ciDertr' lor r kins in Udyandeul
 ,s oF L^L Dnr l9?

doe c'rpenk t h'd lor buildinF rhn

lbak Jhan ba t vth tu lAn Dtrskillcd
'" dh"ru'i{ o'
;;.-"' . ,h'<d\'-'.n 'crp" "- 'dh-F\
," ,'"".'""' -nr r luc rts"ooe'-u''bu u"n"itur
""r' ""::,
i,'li. "
*.-'".- i." ' t"".n!da ra'de "q-uen'e'\\o'{' "
:;,:; ;:;-";;: o heef .\b ir, 'l d no oc ' . ro'ri
l';;;,:--; ;.'l r'cr' -1 r r''- r'r' ' 'F \'1!3"'
''_'".."*."i*mu,r,l, beln snrll rhough t ddcs nol dp0car ro hrvc
-.rl no! haveiNad* one aier rh' olh'r' inrrc{ed onlv in
*- ."*'.iJ". i "".,r rhe,. .omc
;:;' ;.-'d;;;"-.i,,'iE 1ti- i'r'''n)bo-.d,.-edo.'.dr' r^r" 1Hnvi r J
;:;',i"":.;;:..r -a.1.,u, .. J,-. I'h
could not see son'':4 elc.
\\h'
finhi t.s Pan san knt n)ali :,tre (lrnl c:n\cd m\ bodv h\ sun! Bur ol"
_' no one ro help' io
.tl n-*.rr^n.l,r'"a ""hnnv sons ut{km*d Thse $as ind achala took 1a4!
*.*"",,i."'*.'" *"* *" .*.1r"'" o*e'o lr gooo Durchr
I F i rhcr
) 'r' 'r'1'rrni
- "
"";,.,,;.';,
;;:.;; ;'",,:,"qhl .: ..pp"'r."r., '' e,ts r 'r '. ' <F
.io"'sr,"ri r,ri who b.k poscssior or i( xs rr ri wd m'roredcd
'",.ii" ","i'
ttadtiti hatinji Pets)tr kat Eanr

Il is nobodv\ cdsc rl !lalDld sd hading I soclo poliri'aLrcsis[ncc rgainsr rhr

rrl,i-i,,. .r ai"i-r *.vs ru rds hrpp'nins b'rore her cv's vnllv huque {as I
..,,,.i"L. v",,"."".., Fr- Lnro f Nde,.
.l:",;;"; . rso ?'pe
;,-;; :.;,; ,'.,"",;..nseLp e'or" k'B"un''- r

; ;" "l;i.," " ' "0 ,h .' )*'*' c ori oortc' or' o" "ru
\' b\ri'
"1'" ,,.. -" r,"r',,
dnohd\r'' "'n o d"o
.;^,;;;..;..;.i ".', e'r"evo^r'r'
I rlt rotrnddions orKxsbmni nLLNre rcrc being tuucd
;aLDed livcd ar rimc whcn
eJo
" -.;;-;:i
-,i- ,:..
*i;-,;'. """". ..',,-.-'"" a. " ' r. '"'"
o o n!-. h
",-', r."l", h s ro 'r '! no '
:;"; . ,'"-.,.
cofrnon sighl lor hs ro sc Th' tonures aid tibrlarioN orher rirrt rvcr! p'e'pnarr
an'l were concrete facs rvi.ncscd by her own sycs. Thcsc rvods ofh.rs rsll hos mguished
she $asby rhesrnDll and l$isirion hq land wls undceoing and hoN shc w.s $idng
people a8ain$ dE h.ppcnings. |!en rvhilc rclaring hcr spdoal crpdicnccs, rhc imag.s
ol what she sarv silendy ci.pt in, poviding apr ln1lcs and nclaphos:
dMkai thu! los pantas
"n
Ku gq ap:is pan* btunt
N.shi be tulh konakh ptrddnna:
fini Ea6hr1ds .ldri t"at'6 kont
Iwhy rrc you lurcd b) rhcrlicn wey?
why hrvc yor mrrrkcn hh.hood ro. ihc irud,?
lgnonDcc hs brcu8hlyou undd rl'c cllorthcalicnwry
(AiJ) naJc you rcsrncd!o GoisiJ$driof sol)coDirg aMBoog, liJc anddcarh.l
lf nor broadcanin! a pirhy nlssagc ro prcvc thc .itirtrlelion 10 en rlictr say
(p,,lr.r,,at. LilDcd nccdrlnly usii! rhcrirudioi orhcrdryro rxl.utrd hc. cxpcric'cc
I( ir posibic rhd shc i: usligrhis r$hinology whi.h coDrs ro h.r csily:itcould f,s well
bc rhal shc is tyiis 10.d.y lo s rg,i's! ir ir hcr o$D *ry somchow rhh crusad*\
drcnpb Ind tlbtrkrlons, havc rct b.ctr Delyscd Mry hc pan olthe ENon lies in Ihe
dccp spnirualisfr olhcr \cFcs. As l-al Dcd grcw, slI saw rhc rctugecs becomi'gmane6,
md {hc manc^ bcins lubjugarcd. flrc tavalls olK.h Rani Lom being the'luminous
nam. ol Ramr.hdn Jn s hotrsc-hold row,rchood ro advcntorcr Rinchen. and rhe cowrrd
Udyand lvr su. !.ss ivcly: hu pNaec rrom blirg r nicnror ro shah Mi., ro becomins hh
rssocialc and finrlly s$inshi s rh n$rd"llocan hcro'l ane'use: sllpresent very
'hiT. .r"i \o'. '
td / tr" fn ovo 1e.
Du nti lrhi 'r sd j .tu.i '[lti
DujtitJyr hunrdi hnu ti nal
Da iti dnhi in Pta' at',ali
D. jtii dtliitthi tr knajii r1z\

lone nonEnr I saw rhehedh bl3zing virh firc,

rdrhe fet monenr I sa* ncirh rhc$okcnorfic.
otre Diomeit I sa\y themorhuolthc I'mdvas.
,^nd rhe next mo'nem l srN htras rh. po((dnnrl

Allrhisisabour rtansienccollimo,olcouac Buiatonelevelorly.lheconhns

rromlhe im'nedirt physi.rlsorld, NhichLil spic*trri',eh e, rre n, uch sisni ficanr !o
bedismGsedca ally lideed, rhc compulsions ollhc !i'n.. rhc swin bm oflotunes, rhe
lllurenErb rl,ar sueeD Deoplc ofi lhcn lccl. rhc ovcrluniiD: olvalues ard ideak - .ie
 N THE irrr,\ ol L\L nlD l9q

alr Rncdcd in rhe mages M frid in thc Similarlv the linc t-rdh badulh rd)i
'rat
,,vt'Ja.r,J (Look how you arc irnmdscd in fic sc. o'deLL*ioij orrndlid [/lis
a prely common .nd an oftm trscd mer4ho., 6ur dc ncxt lin' makes onc almon sit

Srth ttlb it^ PEn hnti Pa nkt)

lIlavi.s dcsroyed thc enbrnkmctriiolide.ls, valucs, dhrrma).

yod hNe mi\_d Yotrccllin /rrd l
Conringaner"baviDs dcntufcd rhe.nbr rcnl'(rd l//"tl rh' c\prsi'1 ?d'ri'
,,rr, .a5erDlc i r oi no b
."ot r^, .. _r' b'tr - g .r
"n., r,b;oneed,
oLicr and srle lor haic'ia .onao ds and gaLns th'r con\enion biines alL
L

thn polit ; the hlid realiri.s ol ihe concmponrv siturtion One docsnl rms if Lrl
$cniaruundirying rosiem thisdcluge fnnklv, no onctodr] kno\6 vlhnig ahou( L'l
Dcd, orc $ay or rbe orlu Buulic delog. \us all dionnd h* nd rhc d(iMrions
bo
*uc raking plac. ereDshk Utrkno*n ro Lal Dcd Udjui a dozen nrilcs al'a] lrom
hu h.nc iin hN\ hoNc). ^-utrl Rishi\ lncenos Lv c seting convedcd, at this leD

Ya i balt koritai kn l! thati datc

Kari zaD*rsi"tati i 4r dtenkh

lYrm\ mes.ngeawill dns you aN.v bleedinsoi rhc a0poinledtime

Wh (change, nea'l' will ftlc lou lron dcarh s shados?l
Pcopk wcru Scring .onvcned rhro(gh rlirears $d allurcmcns, r'F inl rhcre To rh'
.o;mon man rlrm l,rnll! appeared rnt |utu.e in linrlv adhcring ro rhc tadriotrs tr?ll
,la ,il/i Xrt s ?,,,t drr, (What lse ( bcng ti.m hnc?). U{.r chaos frcvrik' lhosc Nho
have swilch.d o\cr 1o rhc n.v iairh dc hrvirg I lala riD3.
Jui as NltricrLkmings caD hadly bc iiee lroh religious bclicrs:sochlhlc is ne\ cr
all roo ditrt Imn spiitual qusi lr ftd, nr.nv nvsi.al urgcs rre rorrcd tr so'irl
conrcxG Thc iluid l incs, lhe biealiis ofbonds, shLttiDg olLov.llcs aDd rhc bod olt'nh
ca|Iizinsdll.v.r ndncofrherco ldrrilrohrvctheirimpft$trlorLaLLlcd\li'drl
Ai1 rbis, in r $ay, h.d brughl lonh lo h rhs inpenN.ncc ol Lilc and licklems
ol
lodunc in i mod al.ming Drmr' Aid io shdl exretrr wilh hs finn b'lielid
(o '/srnd
srn?, {hc lrccipird. ideariois olrlrc Dcw fairh.ould rot brvc lailcd relL upotr h
mnrd ilrccrins hd rhoughi. cognnotr and nidcsraDding. This cotricquenrl)_ shokd in
rlt hcr rcscs. eRn ,Dugh sh. *ds hui a nv$ic lid not I {usd'r
 Ndhi Aj: baras oti gan'l l'ol son)
Deh kt h't Eanr hldki kahta
Gran end tunu ntd' tral b'ant
Pahati : kntnl s''n hlnki kah'o
loosc
rTh!sltuldnknoroln]lo olsugd crndv has bccont
'Nrv
dtr drLbodt I'r double u dd ho$
oi I \i]re
l;' ;1".,;"; ,..". "' hu\ ! b'o-en i'dr\'- n ' -urn
crn I one
M!_no.[s]!n$1hutrtashcpl'cd
d u 1"'' ed\'n^\ 'm 'Kul 6dmd
^lDea r.t r) ne \h n\s(soned\1 '
pcar'nE'
"..1," .".-,
^ "'i'
:i:::,:"1,,,".:";:""" 'r -'"r''r''rr-"
edrrbsi; '!*- i,r or ne r' ,na s d -'rr d
r
'::::: ",,1"'j ;': ,0i \c, ,'e ro rrpo--" se
rbJ_h"
."-r. -oi.d le q' ";.",.,
oL d r''tr3bmN_D:!!.'-'
:::1,":,:i;:,": niarorKmss
-
!n' itu n s -\ I'o rh( 'JIddtcmd irnd'd
;::' " l'";,,."., ".; ".' " - .. " i:, : 1 ::,f t;i J.,lll.Tl.l
'6io cs-o-E!u'"i;:;;;;"
nu\r \rrfud i snL
-*'"'l"j
r'rol ra
',"ii 'r*"t". "." "aa' '"
lLJ^!lict'In'l
1'.inr
^ "r !d {nNlr mrqc
olrhe !
,"",1 ;;.: ;" .,':;::'.;;:.,,".,1-,"" o - " -.'.' *'''"'
k]oh \a lt r^rn Ju L kolan
kr 'oa
\nr ka \
iakt''1"4)ntt' 'rt)sa
I rt
'ort
hul)rthtiil'tt han

rarihc kahan gdt

''ldi ktda:i
rThc lirc. r$ xnd elcv'n rvha!lillldosith(hen?
;hev hdvc snrPed rhis lot lh$ughl
rr rlLh.dun nulLcd \nncropc
'd:nd
wollJ theel'! rhenh c u{Lherlis'l

"- '' -' : ":':'f'"il:.::l-:":: i::

i ;::j'
;"t;
ii
;ll; ll,:
.-,-".dsJ,,,,,"""",","""_,
i :,,1;:i1'r1;l r;;f151
:i;,.."."..."p,,s,,+
nc,,..r..{m!0.r....., ,"u * .*,,,,,. ,,ll
\!"\,.r rooi.i.
r"
SLrnlral ar Tlc l'v'"' btrlrr or "1,n,
h" rr\ r/a or
 OT LAL DED ?OI
'J
Inr 'n{o^]'"
.i,e d,ne, nal I
' -"..,.";; 'd 'oi
i''-'"\ '' Ier d
:"-, "u unor^','ourhor
Omhnni, whil' in Sh'ilisD de $r'ss h on tan$cnding
.""," -O
u,"'", *-*.1*1"""*,.
"r,n"*"*t k,'re,,, as il calls rhc proccss b hiShcr srg* bv rhc
'.k'- i.r 1^,ico oh'n- " I'o"
i.'" " ,",: o - .n-inr' 1 '
"'"..0
i-^,-u'tn"".m.n"" n! drJ hc 4
'r't'otrJobdrn"
,.. .; ' bc d' r" " +
-"";..
"",",-^ - onl qndr 'uL d d'
'"t. "."' ""'ad "/
p,ni"ulu i,t t"" no r.*, *" ttequendvu$dbv KashDnis i'r rheconre\tofdisurilv
" anJ its consequcnccs.
dnong pcople
iu*"*t {ch in rhe suc'ccding rimes rhc new od* a'd
r'"*
'1. --*"1.* hxvc b'cn a$fullv
s\ nch ovcr io ncN Drdics, sv like eali 3 beel(g"a'Lz) lould
rriunsiiuinr ror r p.ople $ho couLd nlver cvctr rh nk ol such a thin! Cos
sl'ughter 0r
,,."..,,.- 01 o ed4u\"r ''o l\' e aa tr
" g' t Ic e!\" o n"
rr," I ljo*ic ndrphor' bul rhe choi'e dlwords$ fal
"o*'.,rju*t" 'onsidring
Dcd inn'ably frrkes ircatr rot bcjun ' ome*ion ro rhYN
or nekr'
Fd hcr !* lure a Doplc Rho re'usc (o admir rcig'i'rg king nlo rhcn ftirh
'
ol hca..-hr -ocolid Jqu'l d o I t' ohi b"d\i o' 'r o''a
., 1,.,.,.-'". r'"'d -o o. r' o( r"
u cddeo"-'-h
liis fiirh nay hare b.cn iDl]oliri. It mu n have b'cn hu-{c lv nrdv'ntageo
d G toliti'allv
, n"nrill ndn.'o^! lr' - o r'o"o-"'o n'i \' aled
," ",,i., 'lcpr d. "oi' on d o '
""," " ",""",.
lrs adhcftnG \ho rlusld io su.c!inb to rhc Nishcs ordt high'i
d!rhorilv ol thc ltrd
ldimr b. prnLnrc,l b hrlc ersily loraken rheir Navs, drn noonnls rheir '/'al"
rh,'.ouli snainLl dor lIrc ben v.ry hrnpv 'bour rc dra{ic 'hsngs li rh'ntuode
. r.- *t,t r, *el ". 'q" r'j. "tr..0.rd ' +'ldlod' o\r did
hpiq' ncP. 'l
tr," ,'".",a.," 1"",r-, th.] had suiierd Lil Ded, as x scnsilirc ihinkff $ho
-"1-"
hll.d ahori lhe pcoPlc in rz. afur rdlar, lalked ro thci\ adrned drcm ard $idcd
rl'xr Neto
rhcn.onnaDrly cotrld no! hrve ttu.rD.d rm'uched bv rhc s!'cping 'hans$
nking plie. is {6es livc N anrl. c\ idc"c orli{ tw en*ssor}hr
sasgoinlon
lr o;b. di"(,*d d flu"h i" hc d.ar anicultlio"lthings
rs in hcr choi'c of{ord(
trhch.an & inlcryded at sevsillcvcLs EreD \rhc ! v*c appctr 10 cari nrvsicr!
iDhn ions. trs links b ihe ulirv arouid rernri" appardt:
 Raa hahtsa\ith sap.lrvt k ttry
Ktrr, x.hlr b ah tah hrattl
cr.r'Eot l,add tur snhn h)at Ealt)
at? \ar r\atu phalrtnthtottt
lErcn rhoueh you aic a ssm you have be.onc dunbfoundcd,
somcbodyha! decahped rnh sofrcrhins of you6
The ij joppedrid nschinDct
t
Sorchoked,
Tbe nriIc,has fied wirh a| your gtuin
l
lL,".,,.o, !m".-di,str.c.fle..or,t"rel
u,,.\-- Ju,t.r I. r 1do.o,.o \. rh. dund...roni.,i o,Ka.hmn
, * .,tr) \,t. ..t.t5nath4t.).! .a1
: rr ^.-c F.ur
.(. e ot !fK..hal\r\,T.rn.,
orL.he ,e tt,u. o.o o.:.1, .fl..i. \rJ,,n.,3r Ldi,!_!: a ctear
Let,,.,rd,nL.c
:
, r. ed , !po..pni- .\DF. s.r -j ,. i .). 11. onr)
: I , .,r , \.t ot ... suopo.e ! c 'o
"". rt"dr,".o orhe 1 n!. .i{e. ,y
oa,r.I - | he-. ., e e| c. c-r. i ub\.Feo. $e
.! re o-rr8 ! or.d.s. rc- p ot t!dt, e",0I 1r oo.,n". ,F. uDrose J,c pc, ft\Fo
j1,. trDed.L.!t o.h,1c i I ph,.o. p_.ij,de"\h.s
lli .1"" \'.r : . -io .1,e
",",,, ..ec..heo..01.)o.,,oBhi-
rh,.h.a.Jo,rfr,-"
..,in,h,.
.o, -er pn.. ...,n,o.nor,cc,nd .t p ..o.
_s",{ doblr jJ..br-,tro..c. a Lu,o., he,
-,nqhcn t,", ..,.ut,,..s.p,tu,1
r r i., rjo.,,ht"t, oc..,/,, fl-, .ou"n rh".\1nc. i-po. , st r
_, ,l . *' . ir. /.o.. m .h. co. por
,., , c.J 5-.. 'd
,,.,"..,", ..,,".1,,"";:;;:,.. ;";_
-..u 11,.n b c', c.,,e- ou, "no rt e',"pDel,n_.,.0u J.T..,h tr(,u e
^1 - . Ih. oa..tjceo rn I-r.t caJo-!r.-t)\u.
.h.dre.6
""! ir | _ I o.,- n",o "e. d i. tr "o b\ 1,c.o.,!-,"o. (nr d,d rt ron.or_rt
^, ' oqe- :r "
. "cro c rrb o..t,n!-cou.c. r,,1
r',gt'irs bU by Jomnjr 'otr^fL.\.,ue
\nh L.thdNan try Baba Ali rwo centuics aieiher dc.lh ma)
-"'"i. ,!:, , "".: tu. rJ : b.. oo.,dc!J_r!c..dere.,r,.e.r
I
poes rl Ialking dcepty otrctjgio., yd rr,"i,
ron ,"rrgtous me*"s* uE hcard sans bi$
nEre are yer oiheN $ho, lor reasons unknoM, m rryins to paint rhis !real Yoeini as
a larer day co'n'nmisi crusrdn up in rhe aIN again$ tadilions. This is an drcmp! ro
disron hisiory by p sonal Dcrcations. Onc mry dircrinourpuccprioisolLallcshvai\
podry and penonality, bul $cr isno mon lor diffcr.nccs abour rhc.crual hnrory olhcr

ll nay also be notd rh{ she could iot blt sneak in the rem,inolosy and conccptual
parad igms of her age Her langu4e and her conc.ns wcrc no doubl spiriosl bur ev.ry
crcarive soulionh his salthas been krown torirc expresion to the ft.litiEs olrhe !ines
hc bdoigs ro. Thcrc is iorhidg \qoig ifvc inlcrprcr sudr pocty ai dillcrnt lcveh, lor
nobody kno*s the acrual mind ol r1r. poel. fic^he could bc rrlkin! olmundarc rhirts
or cosnunicltinc lranscendeiral trurhs. TlkliS rhe example ofsufi poek. rh.ir pocbr
n relnhed boih for the tuund.nc as scll I sublinc fcclings. lndccd, any poetry lerds
i6clrroDrnlrold intcryrei ions andliil, rhc poetror beirs amund to reved thE inbnd.d
mcarin! somc cirics would io!clcn Srinr. tocr lh trivilec rhcrc is enough space
s \vel1 u rhe neeJ to siruare a pocl in $e pcbpcclivc pmvidld by his timc. Any
iisisteice otr lorally d$oci4inE Lal Ded lron rhe poliiical milieu ofhd tinB nay no1
bc tuc t rhc poctcs hcsclt lr t.kcs rhc spnn rwiy B6nting in$cad an exilied spnituality.
Yd iha( spnitualiq could o'ly 6e the produd ofthe rse in which she lived, aod ils
.oflnolions !M runnoil. NoLiody cm dcfy lhot t-rll6hvari\ pociry cu halc poliiical
.onnotulions as *cll.lorsh! diJ liyc in amon rulbul.ntrimc Tbn! is.duallynccd lor
looknrgal h podry as a source ol ihe history ol $at rine, of which *e hrve no anual
ncord. But rh my norbc r.kcn to impl' rhat politics s ths piinary con.cn olher
podry. ll, phce beloneed to h* fritl,, belief and insiql,h rherein. Yd, rs Rrhiid
Rashd wrlcs ir (hc joumal ol lhc K.shmni Dcpmhqr ol Unilcuiy of Kashfrir,
''L.aving thc philo$phi.al aspccrs ollal.s po.fy aside. ir is inponanl 1o explore the
poliricalbac4rcuDd aid dE resulratrt dimcnsiotrs it grve io L.l\ poctry":r This paper
;qcnpt rh in ! nod*r $ry.nd hopes io prve *ay lor more in depth exploration of
:hL imponaDr rsped ofLal\ llfe rnd podry

t{ErER[NCIS
(vd r6{6).rrn{! h*nnAqd@y6rAd,cdbr
rr Ld$g6 (&$cL), softer

prr E 6 14 ed ?r4 d rti.i se.dr, / 444i. vo.

r

13 sc! r$ R K P,nu. /^/oD /,v4,i4 xd! r (or4

 alFn{ddi Ahmd. $!od d I o re3

6 rr$r(/i/p!gcr23)3$edMtr n$lRej'b @ vot

nr,h.rc.D Fse 1n eF hr ane h sc rar a r3 aD oI n6)
7 '
rh$n (Drl) $y5 {u sMh \{t caoc itun sw,l8{ ry i Pilnui) !
rriidi rcch'6^ d irBlar

i h!rc r ;r i Ns! a (ni6cd ftd (r4r,

h diitr r r eer) d L, Dd ( r erl) 6y hy

ih I d an. cdi'rc ed L gss6.oK^^cL),
^odorv

a PiF F$4rcd hy A D Mijbrsp

2t ra ui)c D n.Rohk@sr\q ct
rr {iqsMhniBi t rdsv r. Dd',oact)
^aqdlgbi!
! btrinrc Dd1,,, !/,pP 114
f!n!Nd66!rtub 4hq hrhc

, fro. oMi,n! /,/4 d' ty ($mij

 CHAPTER i5

The MYstic and the Romantic

Two Kashmiri Women Poets -
Rupa Bhavani and Amimal
 Rtrpr Bhavani

The lack of Rup. Bhivani\ lile Ie wdl docunetrted and (hough nyrhs niShr have
gown around her, rs shc w6 r ver*ated nysic saiDr [her lathcls lanily wc to rhc
cxrnt ofbelieving her Io bc ar ircmation of thc Soddc$ Shaika (Bhavmi) and dtiburcd
scvmlniEcies 1o herl, lhcy arc boadly rrue, as hd falh$ and her band oldcvotccs, scr
thcm down mericulously. To lrq clan she h Lioa .s ,{lakbeswari, pcdrps bc.ausc of hs
long locks of han whhh shc wore like Sadhus, or as Alakh Sahiba (rhc Invisiblc Onc)
or sinply Sahcb (rhc Lord) She *as bod in 1625 AD in ihc lamily olM.dhavr Dhar
al Safa*adal Srin.lar Fon her rery childhood lo lhe end o I hr long ll fc shcdicdin
1721. she is said ro havc shown an incLinaiion lor the orher *ondly Thou8h mrried al
ihe age ofsevm, ehich lvs rhe prevalenr pra.tice ii nt cuhunl p.lrcm shc bclonged
ro. shc renounced {hc housdoldcrs My of lifc, and Gft homc Wandoir8 fton o'e
$cluded place ro orhcr, shc pmcriced grc.! psance, and *enl inro long pcriods ol
medilaiion,like Buddha, in scarch of spniN.l asakenlfg anll srlvdion Having ar hs
found, rbrough polound yo8ic rrdrdn, r'd an ins.rd lookir g ev., rhc sed o r .'luipoke.
she cdnhunicaied h* cxpdicn.c ol r cosnic consciousnes ro hu dcvorcd ba'd of
devolc* and iollowen. in podlc uttranc* Thse were carslullv rlcordcd aDd ihus are
preseded for posie'iry. 11 is rcharkrble rha! a farher, *ho hnl r.ll.wcd cuiom in
pcrloming r'thild mariass", sholld wclcofre hndaughrerbrck inl. hn h.m aner she
calmly rn'ouncs rhal nis norpdssiblc for her td conrinue lo livc with hqlrusbrndand
his llmily bsauserhey sliow no scnsnlviiy to her_dill*cnine$ lnthcbcgitrriigof(he
$vcntenrh centory, here is a *onan who asks lor.nd, \rhar k mo..8cs r room ol
herown'. Nor only does shc rclusc lo rolloN I sonantcommo. farc ar lhat iime.lhar
ol quiet submission b rtu noms st dovn by socicq'' but darcs ro brcak fi.c and ch.n
a couue of h.r own No doubr hci rarher's couFgc in supDonin! hn dccisior and makin8
ii posible lor hs io punuc an olicnarive s.y ol life had a l.r ro do wirh hh osn
spnitul oiimoiion and thc .dai'ny of his bclicf in her divinnv Hc wrs the fiB! to
rknoqledgc hq Sain$ood aid csiablihed rhc praclice olhubciig vcncrared as a s.in..
A rcn,ph and shrines *erc builr in lhe pla.es shc spenl time in Frci wc em edu.dcd
nembeB of ihc Dhar dm shc bclorged io. n*c .n otlerins ot sugtr crndv rt h* shrinc
r*ice a ye.r md l6t on hq dc.rh-mniYe*.ry' whichev* fimilv a Dhar Cgdes into
anc' her dirl.ge, aho cmics on snh lne pndi.c Th. tsult is rbd todav mo KAbnin
Pandit lafrilics have como undd Rulia Bh$.ni\ sphere olinnu.ncc hclisins rhd sh.
w$ r sai endowed wirh s(d spiihal Posd ft^ eid rhd in rhc bceinning,lhe orhcr
rncmbe$ ol her falhels fanily rould ridi.ule hin, atrd ddibdtlv cook a new ol
shccpt hooves in the kirchen, so rh ihe $rong, codse snell rnd nav.ur olrhe non_
vcgchiar dish, {hich bok a lone rinc ro cook, rould pennedr lhc sn ofDtdihrion
 r € IYSTC AND TIE ROMANTC 207

a(d /rrl in rhe house. Bul Madhavr Dhar.nd bis daughter relused ro be poroked by
such iccdlins md Rupa Bhavdni s prlicnco bccame as teAendary $ Lat Dc,l\. Likc Lat
Dcd, shc too sriles my$ic poerry, dAoibing hu qmsr tor rhe divine and rhc ourcome
orhq yogic pmcrices. Bur lhe languagc sh. uscs does lol have rhe simpticity otLal
Dcdt Kahmin. li is intercsing ro norc tha! rho laftts ta.guage, rhough so nuch otder.
is nu.h horc acce$ible b rhe preseni day icad.r rhd rhe fomcas. perhaF rhc reMn
may bc rhd dunns fie inlcf,ening thrcc cc urics Kashmi had wirn*sed swecping
histo rical in d .u kuEi chai ges md consequcn rty be6me a I ineuisnc nehing por, trbsoAing
Rords foh rhc nonh, itrcluding lran and C$at Asia as $clt as tbn rhe souih. Rup,
BhNui\ Br$nin ance$.E de believed ro hivc reiuoed lo K.shmn froD lhc Dcch.
shclc lhcy had laken retuge fmm rctigtous pcs{urion, ontt . couple oi8ciaarions
bcforc shc was bon. In her poeiryi rhcrctorc, rhe influencc of sanskrn, rhc tanSuagc ot
rcliCion and i.relle@al discoune, isrtr.h moB visible. It s€ns rhai Lat Dcd dctibealely
brokc ficc lom rhe a€hna.ical srnrj.ckek ot accepied nomi linguisric as lclt as
social sd rclisious, and chose ro idcnlity h!^clf with lhc n.s of peoptc. Evc, rhm
hlking ol rhc subrlesr nyslic exp*icrcc, shc spcrls to rhm in rheir voicc. Blr Rupa
BhNari, oi 6c oiher hand, h qnirc oncn obscure. rt schs rhd she addrc$cs rhe
iDiri4cd, ro whoD her relerences rrd cttipses voul,l havE been comprchsNible. But a
liillccffod in unEveling her udl,ris c.n be hi8hly resarding. givin8 oncplcasuE in rhc
iods as \ycl1 as wisdoft in rheir inpon.
Hq main wo* n lhe n,/',rlo?dlesl2. a colGction otone hurdrcd and torty fix
narus in rhc fom or !ra&rs, r lurety Kashmin veNe fom in vhich lhc ny$i.at and
diddcric focrry ollal Ded was wiren ir thc touncenih century.Ir conshrs ot four li.es
cach a hclEic rcrram{er, and does nol .dhcrc ro a slicr rhFe shcmq In tacr more
oner thar for, rhcre is no rhyne, bnt a sotcm ylhm, a cenain di8rjiy otmovendt
sbich suirs rhc geneElly Brave ronc ofrctieious poelry. Otcoumc such poerry is oncn
esolic roo and se nnd Rupr Bhavani varyire rhyrbns ro suir mysic ouibuhrs ofan

Shc bclins ihe main ldd ol ,tar,qdpd?€Jr!, wnh lhe rknoslcdgmenl rhar her
farher is .ndng her nst Gurus

o4 $ar . tdr t,e1h nimatan

Shuddha dqant iAJarihata,
Ltl naa l lal patna s\torah
Shtra Madhav nahon ponhrn Bnhon tahart

(I bcgin *ith rhesa cdsound and sthbol .Om... Halinginsblted rhEpure aod
Srca{ly leaned Gun in rhc tom of Lat Ded and Madb.va. in a hed and nind
puificd.I rcrlizcrhar I rm rcdu.ed ro notbing in mysctf, bur becomeasupreme
scli a pan orBFbna Hinsll.)
 Here k a nfirphysicd conccir in rh.nmnerofthe Enslish pod Jobn Donne - one
tunorhing and everyrhinc ar rhc sanc rimc, {hich nishr sound absurd al tis! si8hr. bur
a clder look reveals that thar is cxactly whd happens in a mysric expencn.e otheletr

Veneration of rhe Cuo n impondr corcen olheN fte cud is idesary

a vcry
not only to iritbte lu inro rhc {o d of knowledse, bui his hand isnceded ro guide ar
every dep of the slduous spnitual jouncy, ro discipline rn o$eeisc sr.ying mind and
keep ir on rhe hck ofrhc my$i.ilqucs.
Generally mysri. or ccdaric song h
been one oflhe ioms uscd by wonen 1o
proten thc srricrws ard conycnrions ol parriarchy. Mim, chisrina Ro$d!, R.bid - all
provide such i'Ntmccs, bur bec Rupa Bhavani not only acceprs paliiarcht bur even
extoh it qhich 6 o comfrcnr upon $c righrly knn K$hniriPandit socicrt of the rime,
where loudspDtcsr w.s nor imasimblc Pcnrps rhis is whar hrd sonclhing rddowirh
the hlhc! in rum doin8 all hc colld to suppon her Rhen sh.,lid brcak lree
A closc look ar rhc wa*rs ftvcat thar her nEb preoccuparion is silh primat
philosophical quc$ions: rhc puaosc ol Life and hoi to biie abolr a hamonious
rlarionshiD amoig ihc consirucnt ol.n individual pcnonality body, nind, enorion
and soul. Shc talksabou!hor onc cm brcak flcc fton the limibtions olrhe body whitc
wo*inglowards spniiual cvolurion andhowa trinquility olmind, whileeneaged in rhc
qlcst for lhc Ercn.l Tru{h, cdn bc brdughr abour. The ddailed desriFion ol her oM
yogic pncticcs .nd rhc crpcdcncc ol r rarc eciatic srare brought about by an .w.kened
off
47'l,ll' i, in which rhc budm ol rhe marerial ro'ld seenE lo fall d bc.oning pure
spni! thc xoal olncl]:d wirh rhc Absolute Realiry h achieve'1. are somc of rhc nain
coiccns ol hcr {ork. Thc con.ept of rr r,}d, (he* eofNothitrgnessorrheidcaofrhe
grcat Void) h ncnrioncd as.in rnd dgaitr in rh spn of rhe S,l sho asks lor norhing
bu! thc bEl annihilalion ofsclf. Thc lollo{ins rc6s, richly melaphoncal irllsiraEs:

Gwnth Sunn h shunln khanrnr

Pantn asno kl .hadawnl

G*alh prazuhut) krai suti
(Dccp scarch and rholgir r.hicvcd 6k ialc of nolhinsncss, lhai is hos I $illed
lhc ncrcurial nind, Fivc kinJs ofsnificid ftcs scrc 1ir, Thar is shrr brouqhi

Thc motil of tadFnr h . reuning onc in all mynic pocqy. wherher in the
li8ha ,
Es! or rhc Wcs. As rhc opposirc of tlmknc$, ir is thc finxl dhpelb ofdotrbr and a
rtvelation ol Trth, *hich is said ro be dzling ir nature. In Rupa Bhavani\ work too
*c find a simil[ rdcnr wish ro iI rhe rsles, doubri,g mind, rip up lhe veil ol
ienomnco.nd scc rhl Liglf'. Shelmb io shed the burden ofthe gros ralit behind
which rhc innr spin( is hidJcn, ard thus find self realizarior
Blingaruo of rhc hishty:dvanced nysric pEclices and expdiencs olatr exlremely
cvolvcd spirit, her yd,[,l have renained inscce$ible to lhe ordiMry rc.der. Due !o the
sotcric. subrle narure ofh experiences, her poetic soik is often enignaric. Thcrc is
norhing like m innanbneons nppon Drofoutr,l rhoqh, combincd wirh inlhsc t@tin8,
mak$ hcr vmc obscure to rhe getreElly Ie$ soph isticlred I eads, who, not bcing on lhe
sanc mynical p lanc, finds n difficult o un mlel dr den sely packe,l meanin g. This is thc
6ain rcason \yht hcr po.rry hm neve. been poptrhr,'Uflike mosr K6hmiripocrry, hci
raairr havc dcvd bccn sung, nor si to music 1o become plr of a proie$ionil sin8efs
rcp.nol$ which \as mainly responslble lor r pEsenatiotr oi Kashnni pocms in an
omlhdirion.Thcyarcrhcprovinceolihe"iniiared,lhevesesbeinggcns.llyrecired
only ar gdftcnnss ofhr lollowcB ar special occaioDs like a ,ryd at hcr dcalh-mnivsary.
Evcn rhosc who hrvc blen up a seious so,ly ii the pa$, havc added ro rhe obscuriry
by inrcQdins thc mcmins rccodins io rhen osn p3nicular phllo$phy. Tl)at lhe la4ra8e
usd t a mixnrc of old Kashmin, Smskii rd re^iar. mikes tbe Esk cvcn nore
difucul!. To hn lollo{cn and dcvoiees, howeler, her words are pEcioN gcru, chenshed
till rhis day duc ro rhc au olsainthood that sunounds her. A lay peson is shck by
$e shcd ro4c and rvcighr olhcralgumeDt onen preseited thDwh use olihe dcvi.c ol
rhc ncralhysicr|conccir" An malysisofherpoerrycan, rhscforc, bc boihachalknge

Thc rz.irs rcvcar a pdloialiry rery Nell-vescd in rhe Vedas, the Upa ishdas,
vc{iaira aid lhc moi advanced IIin,lu philosophical rhough. She rrlks of rhe concepr ol
nor dualiry 6 oic who has lcli rlie pre*nce olrhe Unirc6al Spiril r*idins wirhin her
oRn sllldispldyii! a Brc.onfidence in pEscribitrgthc righr plrh ro her lilrneE. Here

Kti?r to *aban y6 panq^ ztt

Mdtqe nane .lnr ta, nnt
Sudotuap dh)ana ,16 panrc
Mane rlari tu non)as nnt

(The onc *ho knows rirhin onesef nr Caus. and rh. Cn.s, Krows rhar Dry
and Niehr cxhi ir lhc mind ir*li
To one *ho knoss rhe Mutri trcered onc
through nrditrliotr, T]tr mcarins is clcl Mlrd irsetf knows rhc ofrh.
'dure

lhe $ord:rd ir rhc ldi linc denands ateir on ror x itrnh.r drrxon. Foroi.
 .(rrmi' d'pccc'oeed:_t lJ lelcc
-*-., tr'. ,.. =.'. .." t€ lreamJ o nuun - oIr ({o'd'Lg"(rs"er'i
"r KNhniri
ol m.eing ro .hc lisrenr ar oncc . r.ference b the hic*rchicrl rncture ol rhc
Pmdit socicly where evsry pe6on bas a ccnain placc' in which he or shc has 1o be

located ll is aho inrer.$ing ro nole rhxr shc pEsdcs her faths\ nanc cvcn ^
she

lo.ales henclt in lhe line.8e of Lal Ded as rhouelr ro su$st hei:a!'

in so manv seiss
makcs sene in ihe nchcsi manntr
of rhc rvord. Thc word p.cks inro i6c1f so much that
b . nind bon $d bred in the Krshmiri socio_4lrunl lrcnicallv cnoqh n is
'Edition
trhibalely $c l.nguage ol cst dcnved lron rhe socidl prcsure of rhe vcry BBhminkm
,hn Ruod Bhd 'ni orco ' ) | d e vc' o
.'"c r'o"rl, I'osnrl mv i c! qnei fl roa ' c BL(r or su'i
-..-i -t .uu'.liltenertorhe rbove man-nade didncrionsevcn i I onlv bccmse lhev
schdol exlion ftc
were nad. by man with linited knowkdge
qho could noi se rhc ore spnn ihat resi'led
in rll. md $etfo.e suspcct, vet rhc lo'g!.gc olmm is indhtcisablc
Obviously, Rupa Bhavani nud lnve becn bon ii a culturc ${pcd in relieion'
where Sansknr, d. lansuase of $c Hindu scnpturs and P sian
the ofiicirl Languase'
weE idn o o,J'o.^ dn.ouFe -hc.N /rh "1,h a
_d fo_borhlrnEu'se'bsonc
,
'; ;., ' *,',5r" 'c\ne o Lr r-grr rc o^kbluno Bon"1"
"'.,"
,;.!,,r' B;-'" ,mi ""
"., , ft' h"'l oo v, rew se ad on' B't coF ro {n e in Ka' I i
" ",
iro- Surh r'aia, -a ""nsiae'i"g ns nch socio relisious culluFl baclgrcund n
Nould
nodccd
."". rr* tu"r, , u-di.. .nO -"r, schola^hip Nould come e'sv, but ir has ro be

;st she alone or hcr brorbe^ anJ sisieE rceived t spffk rhal sct b$ on d 6v1icrlc
onme. uDrll hr oq .n l".r ! 1a'!* ol n.'' 'uPoo'co ro ha c b'" i
' sn
i.'- ';.'"h,-;.- h. r'' *, ''lh^c'e'enrrr\''rt
he lrlo:ms $ sooJ s,mD , o h" I'nbu r'c norD \F-" "r''r'v i ''c
rmn rhc sa kilGed KashDin ro fie PestanGcd:
Yot diri t. buh turale w'a
Bhr i ptd Cd'tu /6a r6t
Khasat ta d'abdd shu tu ohaql
Sota s rdC wena ta .lrya'g

(lfhc should SFnl a boo!,I {ould ved frvslfro nv c$cnce

Mv feet slo*lv
Ihc nuric
tcadinsrhe e;h, t wouldrisc in a Esonance orthe ekddsound snd
of rhc rdron& rhe w.dand rhe c""a )

Thc wod rrr,).g neans to wcd and oltqs a p lec! cx mplc o' how cven a pcNon
nroug bro r"'ronuar'fg
.' J...".""
..i. ,;.g" '-""""rt o "-'. c.*
"" i rflerro *r ' 1or
r' fic. ror nr porfl or c\:"inc
'
!d.xh hru l, h rhe mid 5T h o Jeoend uDon
 ,/'r," hceanlr.nd3'a" s'\'ng'dDu(\anrr'"hie'runqsndt"43de*nF .d n r
;;. ;'.i'. t'c'F rh( ri'n- or rr 'dr*e d K'"h-' de trm
"-;i.;;"
;lil';,;*'.'*.";-i "'", $c
! A rd c Mod I teq'Fe'r"koriod
11 --i",.
-,1,i;',,,"oj,";,,. -^."-"e
", po'i" o r n" b''{ tt :n m-s'!a i) lnoub\'he
;"::ll;'.;;,:
,;l ;.;.;; ;, ;;i i, 'nr po; n *hi'n rakA 'r I . be o !
rine \ run"d
orLhoub' r ano'o m rce s sd
,.;:il;,. ;.',;; . "" "','r e orp" h'| ortu"idn *'ma )s 3h \a' oc
:;:':-i:l;; ;";;,"" -.^-" ','e ."m^ m
'pi' r
s D"m" - '|hrc
rr'evedrc he
1."'l.i o"t-. '". t * or #sms' d
r'.'bur, o
;i::,:,;";;:'";;'";..' "' "T ", ''".nb M'r-E",,f
'he

hrrotuouslv re!erL!
'' -'"' rt*'", 'pn'r""pt eer'tu's\ 'r?'rdo roa r'oncedorro
., ., Ili ;"";";.l ; ;.'", 0' cv'n'no e'um-q br-se Fe sdvo isrhd$e
:,1. i .";.'. ;' .' '" " ," "" D$' irr ' E-rr o rm o"de dtsrnd'ons 'd

a*tfind e ilvdon d'o_eh iFd'v'a-rl1'eno' do ncri''

-.., ii"i.".*. n'". * "noni.hmd r $'d m're(
:*,,;;;i ;:;" "", . *. *""'
", . ;
ili'"I i"1, " ,i^:, "1 "^ lumd oe'rg. $'o ic F oonib* ro' rhe
.o er(d
,:ili],;;;:";'J "y <on i $'hq I cFcd'dr'-irsmct
'.; 'Pa4d

Nar tatu tor sovo'a

Na tunE ,a wt' to no gutht
Broth an xYe a! Pdto t! vtur
taahd'da! aui @ I'r! dar''
ltlrymM Colo ess' canete$' clan le$ Wced
rF.fl rhc ivcr wiih lhe {ind as
l,iiil'""ii a" *", who thn dc debtor and Nho crcdiror?)
".i,r,"" 'r"
Yg tr m <!nr'r' e rd o
Nlelnho. rc n t'T'ic "nrrnc n n'noa samo wfi"n neD! c
^t"'*_o'*"n '" t** ofsuP"ao voro'tcaitr"f\rh
"r
;T:',;:-:::.;.i;;,,;:,;
-0" ""',,.". ro""'u' omo eoa' c'Idi

;#J. ':'""i. ;:,; '. "',.''.-

, .'n o" ' '* - "'- "-" one m"' cashod
.;-:; . . c ". d p rlcn + rn' Kahm brdwom"
n n "elr'
rh; 'or
:::;j;:'j';;':. il'.;;;.' 'onv io romsre"hd
ndicrl shtefrctr asains dscrininrrion
Y$ a"i h4t dhran to Pt6 tal'
Knh no seti to kuhti n0 Eek
Zagi llata: to lagas bele
PanaY ,ana: stli ale
 rhe onc "ho mco_dc 'nd con'cur
( $erh o1'er' rdge ro ' sd n
:,;".
'"'.
;;'.";,';';' F' ;o'r'' rc' s/r' s om' I ar "'r'
,
"' """

ro u"ed' L\'1r!T" sd 'T''^ '

qmsr Jc trc
o {p' m
I-fle s dl
ims iono, m*e r A{oun'brir
..,,:-:","1;;;;i:, ;."',"- \tro,om.o\ne rcrerid$"
.:'.i;':'; ;;;","-. h"ri -o orhc h"c
'"'' "dre '-i'trode'@ror oo-r'roIe
d'n'u'a
1,"'l;.;."*-' derne
h ph dc!rcc ofP!ei( skill qup' Br s'n ro nc'\e \ ro e
" i"',.".*1''*''
"'" v" ! I l. i +F c\n or $e raa' and her cups
. il" .,in ;cr;h, Nirs ,he mdapho,
"i
"Jli"'iiiii",i:
D?eh amrd tda tno:l
Lo^a Piala 'tutut
saqaY Pilao h 'hu ha
tu baho hlJn hatuala
'1bl "':e-or"'ne Tl''up o'n r!c s_onn
o s!' mmc mJ li lrhem b rhe brr dd
'lheood\
!e3-'
;.;;o. ", r q - e.rt r n, |de' r)
ed $ 'h
b.ttr'bsrt cJudon i_ n ' I'r( horr ''cc
....,::i.,;.;;;'"1."-.1;"- poc H{.e n( r"mrrinr^ Kha))
'a
*' l; ;l'.:;i;^"; rrr0 Bo, -\o u c rhc m"E"hor''o n rr'c' \cr { bn \'n r"i'
".a.m ^.

; '. 'll""'lil'1";"""-'" o b b(orbr"\n'' !i'brc l'n-eis'r{

"
t r'rba
,,;:;-: -,i'. ;;;,'..'he \d, no$'e tr Lo hc r:rc o s"h'u'' "'n
;i;: ;;;; i .j;
n^n normndrt
,.." *""..
dtv a\n\ ns in trder
--.*-i"':l-il::;.*
ruo rnNgr!-i
evl;lll,'1,1":
ou rc\'* d I r lo"rrc ' me he
.;,";; ";""-''"r"
'o
" '"' "nr'{or(d - Lh-
r - 'o- trod ry 'ir'
pe 01 le '
':".
lt.,, r t''; ,t.t,"". ' 'I?t.dr'

Chhdra* |n)adh nad bintu both

Da okhd'd nilaJ' okhth

Tov tuoP taslo hoon6 klnh

Jpt paEane karan clvone

 rchum rhe milk olnt n1id, vour Sclflhc chumr, l'calc rhe lriral
Poinr rid

lourd. B@k ir down rvi$ thepovsofncdiradon, Hcrtrhcbu(qolkro*kdee

li d
r"./'mpolr.Jou il'hegn'_qr '-r's ri"i' 'l
" !\nu'
ot lD l-t n'
;'om.on, a n'obro_!rn_cedFJl:d
r_ \ n r' '
.-.',-".. "'"
f i 'oe'.. oe r' '1i' o'in" _ e('o
",..",,,,,,.. nrn ro
'Fdbo\' ,b. ieh'iinrs'r rl-cn\'r'rl em
,"",r""", '. . !|eydo c re-oho Tlc to-nrrir 'i rle
'md-"
;".",, "*orc. ur n urlrrr'{u " orr'o 'l' r' ir
" "-'"^"' "
,n. arithood ot Lord khhia Alirhis idds horc lav*s o'
in. .i.",t*
"rr,io.,"-.
mcin is Lo tl,! No L,Jrt,
r"i'-":,p' omc " lc lon? "
.t l 'b$ f_!' 'un'
- mo erde i'
-..,--.d
'" . 1. . no ''nul' 'Pen"'rb"
,1 '.p_r'c 'o Jc omoe n'1 ''onr
"""..", bl Trhueoro"
'"0 d r! uh"d !ro
ool, rl ,.!r'
ph F
^
cxplair ths unexplain.ble . nor an sasv hsk bv aD v nrcoE A hvsrLc
has ro be found to
sould be qdite cont;! \'ilh rh.expuiln.c i6clland bipPv to $v in $t!blnsftrl$
e

in siknce, but as r nocr shc Dud spc.k and loc:buhrv crn xr bei bc
he(odca!

amroximarion ola naic ofnrDd Fo. *aDrplc, lhe ph sc a"d"/[,l 'ia'ri

oc'os as

*A or" r".g" n,-tuollicrvdses Brsi'llv Ssnskrit lhc litcral dcinin_q

"','"r,"i..,r,.
or ,"prto*i", "og rht r,*" in{ards The ad olicd"'a is supposcd ro actuailv
that crn bc seen
bcoi,, sirbmedih(ioi. i' \Lhich sirh cv$ cLoscd, onc lor3ch evcryrhing
*iin,r'. s" *r* ao". o* Thc im.ses orlhc cxredrl \Yond $ 'ise to rlie
"r".
hird, No, cveryrhids rcg ne objcdivc rcaLnvhas to bc suspended h ns pl!'e thcF
"cc?

n cortemphrio; or;rcs srn slabv oncs own selrvirhoui rnv cxrenal rLds
r kind
orselfco;nmioi in }hhh nomal tshri (.ye sighl) hs no role ro phv whd oie
mav see now. ifonc is a mvst c ofndtrrc,
qould be somcllrng ihar lies insidt ones o*i
{li Tb.t is rhc \'ay in rvhich serins sondhing rhd $inoibe scctr makcs tNe RuPl
rhe nudi
Bhrvmi does oor u:c $e clichi, thc cvcs oldt soul Bc$g a pod shc trscs
mor. eEDhi., lorcctul rh$se inical ror su.h p ccptiotr
Dtaat *th. roav 0i s t
G\dr r:t" t alv tvn)ashi
Padn a^he td dtta to:hr
S\r,nr Fmrdom d Yart! tt)ot nalli
cod HrFll
Oh! anhonc new @1Yards, unrc$min.d, TLLI the C!ru, 1ik' I
Immubble..ppe ed, My bodv lorgonen, in ncdirtion Nas conttrr'lrluilncLY
rea,hcd ihal blNful idc dNtined lor mcl)
 This is, ofcousc, a loose nanslation, be.ause manv tldnks i4d io be filled
*hile
unde6rmdins md criticalty.pprccitling rhis v!,t' WhilcrheimaeeofIhcnindasan
in a
unb.idl.d h;c my nor bc r tmlrkrble onc in ny$ic Foetry, phcing lhc Self
n"nkrlar r, L c .is1 ol rlr 'ol'a J b enluR d br'$ru
."nln't " -cr .*e" rolrr s mpN i. - .\oe ea $ 'r's '{c 'l'i' Li't otre
ol her vaat s to thc lcvel olgreat pociry' Hsc is morhcr:
Kvahtaa dazok veh heri baEe
RD\, hari ho ha. a6lct srakn
Ktuh taaYe vwaes s abhare
Shch h ba nthk'doare krda)

/The onc lho berF rhe hcar rhxi bums, Ieek rhc aid boih insards'
'ao
spnngs ronb rhe'a_Dl"i'l
naning cauldron is cookd
ihed-s bu^ "w.v, rhc s$rc'
,ndc!a!\o*-of r'd'l')
kno{n as l'a'l"'
obviously lne v,,1, explairo rhc vogic pnctice olbrcath conlol
sclr_ptrrificalion'
Thc i;tse d;sciDliic or Mh pEcticc is supposed io lcad ro nor onlv
i"i"r". rrr" *"1i.r." .rr.rl, mviic\ soal Thc ve6c G a graphic descripiion
or nts Drc.e ,, Ls. e aeupho' 10 - me aJ -e\ :nd u' \'rhen 'ogc he'
"vcry

rh;tr,. " b'J-s /'

n; Fd!tsv rhn ch'?.(r Flpa Bna ir' ' Doeq dr'\c
mNi mvsric oods who ;u$,$ an 1nllirive .onprthcNion or$e Unlnom
she can onlv

."*.m-ai"',r' ""r. *.r^"-tl)Tedrhe- ohp'os o rlrc\cn retrdn' e eoinbo\cr

r'd
on",po dea go\c-{hdtr"'o,cn'r e\odnJ*n!
"ii'i",-.-.t
* -"" "*- - t "rt, bs e_ or'onsl onc Ih'' \
'..t'
- -.i^"-"*^ **".'. , .i.-.! s... . s, Lo \ard.e\e Lo",d ootin"(vc
"'
-',i-.*",-",,'a. a I tuo /Ld - oaer 'oundeaE d$crull
"vcrobe
rn
i" .1"4 | ".r s'D ro d?* T' out o h'i con 'ne' or ''inthond
" '" ',1",*rr.t srrc ** not onl] a mv$ic, bui a blenrcd pod an ext'ordinarv
o,J o *"rizc
*..m or "ouraS". *nose *ar place in lhe hhrory of Klshdni lilenMe md lhoush!'
needs Io bc bcts resetrched and dercmined'

Arnin'l
and prsed a{av in 1773
AnimalNxs bon in Palhalan, a villag. near Pdkn, in 1737 AD
oO. *r'ir" uir' .nrd tn. ** -"ded to Bhavrni Da$ Kachn
of Rainawdi Srind8ar'
"
*, - -, "r ' ,c' rno tom i I Ardlid cdemo
"i., "** -". "on,P'R.Drron
3''rr'bllinrarr ldcr\eercn
'"*in.'.l. "" rl" aurho_F'p or
*.' i" r"t"l *"..0 ""
- i.p.n*t n nciidnary dd becam' pan 'r rhe coun
clnc and its
 Thar wait €me ro m fld shcn UdJhndeva died Kola Rai licd ro koep Udymdevd\
dearh a 6erct but rh3t didil hetp, wirhin days shab Mn grabbcd powfi and the tosenng
Prnd tulc (ire ro sn eno. whcn Shsh Vi' finsfiy u!.rp"o tower a. d.?me ro bL r\e
t by ftc a dec"de of rhe j4d \cntu.y, Lu. Ds tro_U hd!- occn a
-g
ige lhe wora sve.ccn mo{ of hc nrrcr-dED\n (.. ir. Src woutdJ.o h"'\c bes
quito natuE as a poer and, ol couse, acquired a teen senso ot obseration and
u trdcBrbding shah Mn died $nh in ! acw yem of his ascens ion !o rhe rhEr
e md lhe
subscqudt bloo,ly duel beNeh his sons Jsmshcd and Ati Shcr cndcd wnh rhe tafl,
dcrhrcni.g his brother md as$mi.g ktigship under fte ritte A !-ud-din. That happcnsd
in ll47 AD *hen Lal would havc bccn advancinC iow&ds he!middte age.l is said.!
dal rimo shc had becone ftmou.t TBdirions say rhat she ravellcd much and oamed
fiom placc ro place. Hisrory also rclk us rh gEat uph.avats wcrc rakinE ptee at rhat
lins. Thc chmge a be hetm wls torcin8 chatrEes on rhe sociery N.bles and ctieiains
who had e eEd into hariblrcldionship *irhlhs Shahnjns werc discovoine rhar ilrv6
nor that sirpb an r all an,l tha! lhh relarionship ms provjng io bo lhen udoing. D Thc
lo.ll chieiains who brd supponcd Sh.h Mn itr his usurpatio! otlower wcr nor reaping
ils tuirs bur paying dre costs otrhcn naiveryr as rhere w6 rumoil. kitlings ard rhc
shuming ofpositions ofposcr Thctu mu ako h.ve been tunhe! influx otpeoptc ird
6e nonhem .r.as of kinsmcn .nd synpaihiseb ot rhe Shah Mir dynary ard oi orhd

It was aboni this rimc qhon, d JonaBjar, fttdes, KjnE Alta-ud-din s son Shihab-
ud din nust hdve had hisrcdinE wilh rhe ,thicf o ry,glrh.. Lalcr, nu.h larer. tislorims
olKashmn nainbin rhrl !his chicfYogini coutd haec been Lal Dcd.Lr Sincc Jonamja is
ror specific, a cloud of doubl has alftys hovered ovo rhis No ccnrury hrc idcnrification.
HosNe!, it rcus a couplc olthin8s abour talshi.h sohehow havc ioi bccn reckoned
in rhe deEih tha! se hNc of Lat Dedt tife, nost of thn being lillcd *irh prdfuse
mythical elcncnts. This shows rhar evcn at ihal linc, rhe l/ogiri\ idendncadon was
asumed ro bc !h.r of Lal, porllar ncmory abour h0 *as rhar ol a s.int of much
hinence who lived in a cloistq with a bdnd ol Stira )ostn. Thar hcr conceb *irh 6e
*jngrl,i! had not atogclhcr ccascd And, shal is vgry significat as tor hd igc is rb
she ws clderly enougi ro bc lhe .hiot of $e yo8ink.
'Illcn Shihab-ud din crmc ro dlc. His risr exrendcd 102l yeaN
$d betorc ns c,d
Lal Dcd died. Shihab ud-din was a warior litrg who l.d foreign qpcdjtions. Hc h6 been
compared to rhe Ereat gcncral L.lir.dnya sho had ted similar bur morc crknsive
expedilions deep into tic sub.onrindi as se as cenlrat Asia jn 9s com!ry AD. Bur
commun.l nrile appeam lo havc inrmsified as lhc Mustim nte eot consolidaled and mor
toreigncn are prsnocd lo hivc pduftd inio Kashhn Valey. Cohpdcd ro rhe bodcr
describedbyAlberuni r*o cerruries edtid,lhen*r Muslim hi$onmotKashnn
'lelen.c