TYPE OF SOIL:
CHARACTERISTICS:
TUNDRA: ONE OF THE WORLD'S
COLDEST AND FIERCEST BIOMES.
TAIGA: LARGEST TERRESTRIAL
BIOME AND EXTENDS ACROSS
BIOME MAP
EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA, AND
ASIA.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: TALL
EVERGREEN TREES DOMINATING
THE LANDSCAPE ARE ONE OF THE
MOST INTRIGUING SPECIAL
FEATURES OF THE TEMPERATE
RAIN FORESTS.
DECIDUOUS FOREST: HAVE A
LONG, WARM GROWING SEASON LOCATIONS:
AS ONE OF FOUR DISTINCT
SEASONS.
GRASSLAND: HARBORING MANY
SPECIES OF LIFE.
CHAPARRAL: SUMMER SEASON IS
VERY DRY AND IT MAKES THE
BIOME SENSITIVE TO THE FIRES.
DESERT: ANIMALS THAT LIVE IN
THIS BIOME ARE ALL NOCTURNAL.
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST: RAIN
FOREST PLANTS ARE USED IN
SOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST
IMPORTANT MEDICINES.
SAVANNA: IT CONTAIN TWO
SEASONS, WHICH IS WINTER AND
SUMMER.
TUNDRA: PERMAFROST, NUTRIENT
POOR.
TAIGA: NOT VERY NUTRIENT RICH.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: NUTRIENT
RICH.
DECIDUOUS FOREST: NUTRIENT RICH.
GRASSLAND: NUTRIENT RICH.
CHAPARRAL: NUTRIENT POOR AND
IT'S ROCKY.
DESERT: MOSTLY SAND BUT NUTRIENT
POOR.
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST: NUTRIENT
POOR.
SAVANNA: NUTRIENT POOR.
TUNDRA - CANANDA
TAGA - NORWAY
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST - NEW ZEALND
DECIDUOUS FOREST - JAPAN
GRASSLAND - UKRAINE
CHAPARRAL - SPAIN
DESERT - EGYPT
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST - HAWAII
SAVANNA - KENYA
MIKE JR UESI
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1st PERIOD
Ms. PENELOPE
DECEMBER 20, 2021
 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE EXTREMES:
TUNDRA:THE COLDEST TEMPERATURE CAN GET TO 10 DEGREE BELOW
0 AND THE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE CAN GET TO 45 DEGREE
FAHRENHEIT.
TAIGA: WINTER'S HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURE ARE -65
DEGREE FAHRENHEIT AND 30 DEGREE FAHRENHEIT. SUMMER'S
HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURE IS 30 AND 70 DEGREE
FAHRENHEIT.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: RARELY GETS HIGHER THAN 93
DEGREE FAHRENHEIT
DECIDUOUS FOREST: AROUND 50 DEGREE FAHRENHEIT, ANNUAL
TEMPERATURES RANGING FROM -22 DEGREE F TO 86 DEGREE F
GRASSLAND: SUMMER TEMPERATURES CAN BE WELL OVER 100
DEGREE F WHILE WINTER TEMPERATURES CAN BE LOW AS -40
DEGREE F.
CHAPARRAL: SUMMER DAYS CAN SEE TEMPERATURES OF 15
DEGREE F TO 30 DEGREE F. WINTER DAYS ARE COOLER, RANGING
FROM 4 DEGREE F TO 20 DEGREE F.
DESERT: HIGHEST TEMPERATURES IS IN THE UPPER 90 DEGREE F,
AND TEMPERATURES OF MORE THAN 100 ARE COMMON.
AVERAGE LOWEST TEMPERATURE SITS IN THE MIDDLE 60S
FAHRENHEIT.
TROPICAL RAINFOREST: -70 TO 85 DEGREE F (21 TO 30 DEGREE C)
SAVANNA: WINTER IS USUALLY ABOUT 68 DEGREE TO 78 DEGREE
AND SUMMER, THE TEMPERATURE RANGING FROM 78 DEGREE
TO 86 DEGREE F.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES & CHANGES:
TUNDRA: RESIDENTIAL, RECREATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL
USES. CHANGED THE LANDSCAPE THROUGH THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENCES AND OTHER STRUCTURES.
TAIGA: DEFORESTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND ACID
RAIN (AIR POLLUTION). DISAPPEARANCE OF LAND, W
EAKEN THE TREES BY DAMAGING THEIR LEAVES AND
POISONING THE TREES WITH TOXIC SUBSTANCES SLOWLY
RELEASED FROM THE SOIL.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: FARMING, MINING, HUNTING,
LOGGING AND URBANIZATION. BIODIVERSITY LOSS,
POLLUTION, DEFORESTATION AND HABITAT LOSS AND
FRAGMENTATION.
DECIDUOUS FOREST: LOGGING AND DEFORESTATION.
FLOODING, INSECT OUTBREAKS, STORMS, DROUGHT,
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, AND WATER POLLUTION.
GRASSLAND: HABITAT LOSS. OVERGRAZING AND CROP
CLEARANCES.
CHAPARRAL: CREATION OF WATER DIVERSIONS AND
COMPETITION BY INVASIVE PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES.
HUMNA DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL WARMING, AND CLIMATE
CHANGE.
DESERT: DEFORESTATION AND OVERGRAZING. SOIL
EROSION AND STERILITY.
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST: DEFORESTATION AND CLIMATE
CHANGE. DISAPPEARANCE OF LAND.
SAVANNA: UNSUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
AND CROP CLEARANCES. HABITAT LOSS.
ANIMALS AND ITS ADAPTATIONS:
TUNDRA: SMALL MAMMALS SUCH AS NORWAY LEMMINGS,
ARCTIC HARES, AND ARCTIC GROUND SQUIRRELS. THE
BIODIVERSITY OF SPECIES IS QUITE LIMITED, OWING TO THE
HARSH TEMPERATURE AND LIVING CIRCUMSTANCES IMPOSED
BY THE CLIMATE. THESE ANIMALS ACCUMULATE FAT IN
ORDER TO SURVIVE AND INSULATE THEMSELVES DURING THE
WINTER. THEY ALSO HAVE THICK FUR COATS TO KEEP THEM
WARM.
TAIGA: MAMMALS SUCH AS HARES, WOLVES, REINDEER,
MOOSE.THE BIODIVERSITY OF SPECIES IN THE TAIGA IS
LIMITED. THE HARE SHREDS ITS FUR IN THE SUMMER AND
GROWS GREEN FUR, WHILE IN THE WINTER IT GROWS WHITE
FUR. THE ANIMAL'S FUR COLOR CHANGE ALLOWS IT TO
CAMOUFLAGE ITSELF IN HARES AND PREVENTS IT FROM
BEING HUNTED.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: SQUIRRELS, MICE, CHIPMUNKS,
OWLS, HAWKS, AND EAGLES.THE BIODIVERSITY OF THIS
BIOME IS HIGH. MIGRATION AND HIBERNATION ARE USED BY
MOST ANIMALS TO ADAPTE TO THE COOL TEMPERATURE.
DECIDUOUS FOREST: MICE, RABBITS, FOXES, BEARS,
OTTERS.ANIMALS IN DECIDUOUS FORESTS MUST ADJUST TO
SEASONAL CHANGES. THEY MUST BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND
HARSH WINTERS AND SCORCHING SUMMERS. TO AVOID THE
COLD, SEVERAL ANIMALS HIBERNATE OR MIGRATE
THROUGHOUT THE WINTER. OTHERS DEVELOP THICK HAIR
AND/OR FAT LAYERS TO ASSIST THEM SURVIVE THE WINTER.
GRASSLAND: ELEPHANTS, BISONS, CHEETAHS, LIONS,
TIGERS.MANY ANIMALS HAVE FEET, PAWS, AND SNOUTS THAT
ALLOW THEM TO BURROW INTO THE GROUND TO ESCAPE THE
HEAT OF THE DAY AND DEFEND THEMSELVES FROM
PREDATORS IN AN OTHERWISE OPEN ENVIRONMENT. MOST
OF THESE ANIMALS' DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS HAVE EVOLVED
SPECIFICALLY FOR PROCESSING GRASS, WHICH ACCOUNTS
FOR A MAJOR PORTION OF THEIR DIET.
CHAPARRAL: COYOTES, ALLIGATOR LIZARDS, PRAYING
MANTIS, HONEYBEES.REPTILES' ADAPTION TO WARM
CONDITIONS LIKE THE CHAPARRAL IS THAT THEY ARE COLD-
BLOODED, WHICH MEANS THEY RELY ON THE WARMER
OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES TO KEEP WARM. THEY ALSO HAVE
WATERPROOF BODIES, AND INSTEAD OF URINE, THEY CREATE
URIC ACID.
DESERT: RABBITS AND WILD CATS.THEY HAVE ENORMOUS,
STRONG LIPS THAT HELP THEM PICK THROUGH DRY, THORNY
DESERT PLANTS, AS WELL AS LARGE, FLAT, LEATHERY FEET
THAT HELP THEM DISPERSE THEIR WEIGHT AND SHIELD THEM
FROM HOT SAND.
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST: BUTTERFLIES, LIZARDS, SNAKES,
TOADS, FROGS, SPIDERS, PARROTS, TOUCANS. CAMOUFLAGE,
SOME HAVE LIMITED DIET AND NOCTURNALITY, AND
CHANGING OF HABITATS. SAVANNA: ELEPHANTS, ZEBRAS,
GIRAFFE. WHEN OUT IN THE OPEN, GAZELLES AND ZEBRAS,
FOR EXAMPLE, GRAZE ON GRASSLANDS AND REGULARLY USE
CAMOUFLAGE TO EVADE PREDATORS. THE GRASS-COLORED
TAN FUR OF SMALL MAMMALS AND RODENTS, FOR EXAMPLE,
HELPS THEM BLEND IN WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS.
PL ANTS AND ITS ADAPTATIONS:
TUNDRA -ARCTIC MOSS, ARCTIC WILLOW, CARIBOU MOSS,
LABRADOR TEA, ÁRCTIC POPPY, COTTON GRASS, LICHENS, AND
MOSS. BEING ABLE TO GROW UNDER SNOW, PRODUCE
FLOWERS QUICKER, PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS
SUCCESSFULLY WHILE UNDER COLD CONDITIONS.
TAIGA - PINÈ, SPRUCE, LARCH, FIR, BIRCH, POPLAR, NEEDLES.
NEEDLES WILL RETAIN MOISTURE AND SHED SNOW, DEALING
WITH FIRE.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST - MOSSES, SPIKE MOSSES', FERNS AND
LICHENS FESTOON TREE TRUNKS AND BRANCHES EPIPHYTES
SUCH AS MOSSES AND FERNS GROW ATOP OTHER PLANTS TO
REACH LIGHT.
DECIDUOUS FOREST - OAK, BIRCH, BEECH, ASPEN, ELM AND
MAPLE. THIN, BROAD, LIGHT-WEIGHT LEAVES THAT CAN
CAPTURE A LOT OF SUNLIGHT TO MAKE A LOT OF FOOD FOR
THE TREE IN WARM WEATHER; WHEN THE WEATHER GETS
COOLER, THE BROAD LEAVES CAUSE TOO MUCH WATER LOSS
AND CAN BE WEIGHED DOWN BY TOO MUCH SNOW, SO THE
TREE DROPS ITS LEAVES
GRASSLAND - GRASSES' MILKWEED' BUFFALO GRASS, CACTI,
SAGEBRUSH, BLAZING STARS, LUPINES, PURPLE CONEFLOWER,
CLOVERS AND SUNFLOWERS THE PLANTS HAVE DEEP,
SPREADING ROOT SYSTEMS THAT ALLOW THEM STRENGTH AND
MOISTURE DURING TIMES OF DROUGHT
CHAPARRAL - TOYON, CHAMISE, POISON OAK, SCRUB OAK,
YUCCA, CALI BUCKWHEAT), CALI SAGEBUSH*, TREES AND CACTI
ABILITY TO OBTAIN WATER THROUGH THEIR LEAVES, LARGE
TAPROOTS TO REACH DEEP WATER RESERVOIRS, AND FIRE-
RESISTANT BARK.
DESERT - SUCCULENTS, DESERT TREES, GRASSES, CACTI, AND
FLOWERING BUSHES THICK, WAXY SKIN TO REDUCE LOSS OF
WATER AND TO REFLECT HEAT, LARGE, FLESHY STEMS TO STORE
WATER. THORNS AND THIN, SPIKY OR GLOSSY LEAVES TO
REDUCE WATER LOSS
TROPICAL RAINFOREST -FERNS, LICHENS, MOSSES, ORCHIDS,
RUBBER TREE, AND BROMELIADS PLANTS HAVE LEAVES WITH
POINTY TIPS. THIS ALLOWS WATER TO RUN OFF THE LEAVES
QUICKLY WITHOUT DAMAGING OR BREAKING THEM. TALL
TREES TO REACH SUNLIGHT
SAVANNA - RHODES GRASS, RED OATS GRASS, STAR GRASS,
LEMON GRASS, ELEPHANT GRASS, AND CANDLEABRA TREE.
LONG TAP ROOTS TO REACH THE DEEP WATER TABLE
ANNUAL PRECIPITATIONS:
TUNDRA: LESS THAN 25 CENTIMETERS.
TAIGA: 38 TO 90 CENTIMETERS.
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: 150 TOO 500
CENTIMETERS.
DECIDUOUS FOREST: 750 TO 1,000 CENTIMETERS.
GRASSLAND: 500 TO 900 CENTIMETERS.
CHAPARRAL: 25 TO 44 CENTIMETERS.
DESERT: 50 CENTIMETERS.
TROPICAL RAINFOREST: 4,000 TO 9,000
CENTIMETERS.