Chapter 2

Consideration in the Design of Experiments

eyIg)andwgrYcmkehIyfakarbegIátnUv Human-factored Design cMeBaHRbB½n§kBMu üÚTr½ manenAkñúgInterface

Design GackMnt;kgñú karBiesaFn_EbbKMnitbec©keTsd¾binu Rbsb;EbbNamYyrbs;Gkñ Design. elak Mantei nig
elak Teory (enAqñaM1988) )ansnµtCa5dMNak;kalTak;TgeTAnwgktþasMxan;²EdlGñk Design RtUvkarcaM)ac;KW ³
- viPaKTIpSarCamYynwgGñkeRbIR)as; elIral;tMrUvkarEdlGacsaksYredayRbiteRbonnUvcracrrbs;RbB½n§Eck
cay.
- viPaKelIKuNPaBplit edayeFIkV ar):an;RbmaN nigral;sMnUmBr.
- viPaKelIkargarEckcaytamdMNak;kal²nUvral;KMnit nigCMnajrbs;buKÁlmñak;².
- viPaKelIkarsakl,g nigvaytMélKuNPaBplitplénGñkeRbIR)as;eTAtamCMnajmñak;².
- plitsaklemIledaysÞg;mtiGkñ eRbIR)as ;¬GIEV dlGñkeRbIR)as;cUlcitþ nigmincUlcitþ¦eTAelIplitpl.

2-1> viPaKTIpSar (Market Analysis)

nUvral;plitplfIEµ dleTIbnwgplit eyIgRtUveRbIviFIsaRsþEbbNaedIm,IesvakmµeqIøytbeTAnwgsMnUmBrTIpSar
)anl¥ ¬tMél eQµaHplitpl RbePT qñaMplit ¦KW ³
- RtUvEtfICµ anic©nUvral;KMnitEbøk²edIm,IeqøyI tbeTAnwgkarRbtibtþki ñúg muxCMnYjEdlmankarTak;Taj)annUvRbtikmµ
BIGñkeRbIR)as; ¬tamry³karTijCav¦ nigeFIVeGayGñk Design kan;Et Design )anl¥RbesIreLIg².
- eRbIviFIsaRsþedayKµanRTg;RTay nigmin)anKitTukCamuneTAtamCMnajkñgú karsegát nigbriyay.
- saksYreTAkan;Gkñ eFIbV ¤GñkeRbIeGay)aneRcIndg.

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 kñúgkarviPaKTIpSarenHeyIgRtUvecHRbmaNemIltaMgBImCÄdæanrs;enA Bt’man lT§plEdlTTYl)an plitpl
nigkareRbIR)as;vamanR)aRs½ynwgKñab¤eT ehIynigRbePTNaEdlGñkeRbIR)as;cUlcitþ mincUlcit þ ¬]TahrN_GMBIGñk
Design mñak;)an Design GMBI Restaurant mYyenAelI Website¦.

2-2> KuNPaBplitpl ( Product qualities)

kñúgbrimaNplitenHeyIgRtUveFIVkarEbgEckdUcxageRkamenHeTAtamlkçxNÐ ³
- RtUvÉkPaBKñarvagGñkplit nigGñkDesignedayeFIkV arsÞg;emIlCadMNak;kal² nigeFIVvicarN_eTAelIKMrUGVmI Yy.
- PaBEdlGacTukcitþ)aneTAelIesvakmµCanirnþn_ nigkarsaksYrpþl;nUvral;kareBjcitþrvagTMnak;TMngrbs;esva
kmµ nig Software eGaykareRbIenaHmanRbeyaCn_.
- tMélsmrmüeTAtamsMnUmBr nigtMbn;.
- PaBEdleRbIR)as;)an.
]TahrN_ ³ mnusSmñak;)aneXIjrfynþk¾Kitfa : Cakar Design mYyetIGkñ NaCaGñkbec©keTslayBN’Edl
KYreGaycg;GEg¥l manBnWlø ¥ sMelgk¾BieraH s¥at emIleTAKYreGaycab;citþ nigi eFIVkarBiesaFn_CabnþeTAeTotdUcemþc
edIm,IeGaykan;EtTMenIbCagenHeTAeTotenAéf¶GnaKt :.

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2-3> viPaKkargar (Task analysis)
dMNak;kalbegItá plitplCamYynwgkarbBa¢ak;nUvmnusSmñak;manKMnitdUcemþcxøHb¤k¾Kµan software design
EdlnwgRtUvKñaCamYynwgKMnitenaHeyIgGaceRbInUvkasÞg;mtitamEbbEpnxus²KñaedIm,IEsVgrknUvcMnucxVHxatelIplitpl
Edl)anplitdUcKñanwgKMrUEdlmanTMrg;Cak;lak;b¤TMrg;bec©keTsepSg²eTottamlkçN³sþaTisicÞ .

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2-4> sakl,g nigvaytMél (Testing and Evaluation)
dMNak;kalenAkñúgkarsakl,g nigvaytMélenHmundMbUgeyIgRtUvrkCMgWrbs; User CamunsinfaetIplitpl
EdleyIgmanGIxV øH? dUcCakarRbqaMgnwgplitpl CMnaj tMél Epnkar PaBfI²µ PaBl¶g;exøA TIpSar CaedIm l>>>ehIy
eyIgeTAeFIVkarsakl,genATINa nigmancMnYyGñkeRbIR)as;manb:nu µanGñkedIm,IeFIkV ar):an;RbmaNemIl.
PaBEdlGaceRbI)ankñgú karsakl,g ³
- PaBTMnak;TnM gEdlTTYl)anBIGñkeRbIR)as;manPaBx¢ab;x¢nÜ
- karBüakrTukCamun
- eRbobeFob)anelOn nig tMél
cMnucsMxan;kgñú karvaytMélmanBIrRbePTKW ³
- PaBlUtlas; ¬sMKal;elIplitplEdlGñkeRbIR)as;RtUvkar¦sMedAeTAelIsMnUmBréntMrUvkar.
- mFümPaK ¬KuNPaBplitpl ¦eBlNaEdlvaytMélRtUvBinitüemIlelIkar Design TaMgGs; .
kñugkarsaksYreTAkan;Gkñ eRbIR)as;RtUvBinitüemIlelIral;tMélEdlRtUvnwgeKaledA kMenIn nigkarfyGtifiCn
ehIyKMrUénkarvaytMélmanPaBxøaMgkøa man\TiB§ l nigTinñn½yviPaK.

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2-5> sÞg;emIlplitpl (Product Survey)
sÞg;emIlfaetIkñúgdMNak;kalenHGñeRbIR)as;mancMnUlcitþb:nu µan mincUlcitþb:nu µan ¬edayKitCaPaKry¦? PaB
eBjcitþ nigmineBjcitþrbs;Gkñ eRbIR)as;KWCaGIV ¬PaBRtUvKña PaBTMnak;TnM gbMerIesva manbMngEbbNa kMér pl
PaBeTogTat; PaBminRtUvkar RbePT ¦?.
karBiesaFn_bec©keTsbuBVehtuénkareRbIR)as;kgñú Interface Design KWCakarERbRbYl nigGactMerob)annUv
PaB\tel¥ógEdl)anmktamFmµta nigmancMnucrYm (Focus) dUcteTA ³
1> eRbIviFIsaRsþBiesaFn_kgñú karRtYtBinitüelIral;mCÄdæan.
2> viFIsaRsþle¥ RBaHEt Cause nig Effect manTMnak;TnM grvagTMrg;Biessrbs; Interface Design
nigGñkeRbI.
3> enAelIsñaéd bec©keTstamFmµtaGacpþl;eGaynUvkarsegát nigB’NnanUvsar³sMxan;GBM I Interface
Design b:uEnþlT§plGacnwgminfitefr nigminTUeTAcMeBaHGñkeRbI nigmCÄdæanEdlenACMvu ij.
4> BiesaFn_kmµRtUvEteFIVrUbmnþRsavRCavsMnYr , Design experiment, lT§pleRCIserIsmanPaBesrI
ERbRbYl.
5> eRbIR)as;pÞal;kúgñ karRsavRCavbTBiesaFn_.
6> Gas½ydæanEckcay.
rUbmnþRsavRCavsMnYr ³
- kMnt;RkumTukCamunnUvGtþsBaØaNrbs; Users ¬ÉkeTs nigbTBesaFn_xagkMuBüÚTr½ ¦
- RsavRCavral;sMnYr nigral;sßanPaBtamviFIsaRsþpÞal;edIm,IykmkeRbobeFob ¬PaBCak;Esþg ¦.
- dwgnUvkMlaMg nigPaBTn;RCayfI²µ énkarGPivDÆn_ Design Interface.
- dwgGMBIsñaédelI Interface nigbuKÁliklkçN³rbs; Users EdlminGacEjkecj)annUvPaBENnaMBIrUbFatu
énkarRsavRCav proceeding.

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10
2-6> karBicarNaenAkñúgkarBiesaFn_ Design (Considerations in the
Design of Experiment)
kñúgkareFIVniTsSn_eGay)anc,as;eTAelI Cause nig Effect manTMnak;TMngxageRkAedayqøgkat;viTüasaRsþ
FmµCatiCaktþamYyEdlehAfaPaBlayLMénkarERbRbYlEdlminGackMnt;)annUvPaBxusKña. eRbIviFantamnitiviFIkMnt;
dUcxageRkam ³
- RbFanbT ¬karEbgEckRkumeRbobeFob edayGaceRbIkarkMnt;RBav² ¦.
- karRbRBwtþ ¬Gnuvtþn_BI 1 eTAeRcInRkum ¦.
- karRbtibtieþ nAkñúgkarRtYtBinitüenAmCÄdæanCMvu ij ¬BiesaFn_EdlGacRtYtBinitüenAelIkMritPaBlayLMén
karERbRbYl ¦.
eRkayBI)anGnuvtþn_tamviFanxagelIrYcmkeyIgeXIjfaPaBlayLMénkarERbRbYlGaceFIkV arEbgEck)anmYy
kñúgbIviFIedayman ³ efrPaBén Effects, énrgVas;RbEvg nigkarlay. TaMgbIenH ¬ efrPaBén Effects, énrgVas;
RbEvg nigkarlay ¦ GacBiPakSaCabIEpñkKW ³
- sBaØaNénPaBlayLMKña ¬ Identifying Confounds ¦
skþanuBlrbs;vaGaccgCaBIrRkumpSBpSayKW ³ Design-related énPaBlayLMKña nigkarRbtibtþinUvTMnak;
TMngrbs;va. karRbtibtþi-TMnak;TnM génPaBlayLMKñaKWCakarBiPakSabnÞab;BIkar Design-related EdlGacekIteLIg
edaysarEtkar Design BiesaFn_minsUv)anl¥dUckrNIxageRkam ³
* Rbvtis þ aRsþ ¬History¦³karsegátnUvlT§plEdlxøaMgedaysarEtbuBVehtuxøH²énehtukarN_EdlekIteLIg
enAkñúgkMLúgeBlEdlemeronBiesaFn_kMBugEteFIVkarRsavRCavcaM)ac;.
* PaBcMNas; ¬ Maturation ¦ ³ karsegátnUvlT§plEdlxøaMgedaysarEtbuBVehtueqIy ø tbkarlUtlas;d¾
cMNas; KtibNitÐ xøaMgkøa >>>l enAkñúgkMLúgeBlEdlemeronBiesaFn_ nigPaBcMNas;minmanenAkñúg
karRsavRCavcaM)ac;.
* karsakl,g-sakl,geLIgvij PaBfwñk ¬ Test-Retest Familiarity ¦³ lT§plEdlxøaMgTTYl)aneday

sarEtktþarYmKñaCamYynwgkarniyay nigeBlevla.
* kareRbI]bkrN_ ¬ Instrumentation ¦ ³ lT§plEdlxøaMg)anedaysarEtbuBVehtuénkarpøas;bþrÚ TMhM

]bkrN_enAkñúgkMLúgeBlEdlemeronBiesaFn_.
* kareRbobeFobénRkum ¬ Comparability of Groups ¦ ³ lT§plEdlxøaMgGacCabuBVehtuénkarxusKña

dMbUgrvagRkumtMNagEdlcat; nigRkumRbtibti.þ
* tMélrYménkarhwVkhWn V ¬ Amount of' Training ¦ ³ GacCakareRCIserIsxusqÁgdUcenHlT§plEdleXIj
enAkñúgkMLúgeBlNamYyxøaMgGacnwgmineXIjenAkñúgeBlbnÞab;eToteT.

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 cMnucTaMg6xagelIenHCakarEdllayLMKñaERbRbYlGacRtYtBinitüedaycUlrYmRtwmRtUvtamnitiviFIb¤sMNg;kñúg
kar Design dUcCa ³
- karbM)at;ecalnUvkarlayLMKñab¤ykvaefr³ ¬ Eliminate the Confound or Hold It constant ¦³
BiesaFn_ Designs edayeRbIviFIsaRsþsµanTukCamunEdlRtUvRtYtBinitünUvbrisßan. kñúgkarRtYtBinitüenHGac
manlayLMKñaCakarbM)at;ecaledaykarRtYtBinitünUvRbFanbTbNþHú bNþalnwgekItmanTMnak;TMng. viFIsaRsþenHBit
CamanRbeyaCn_y:agxøaMgcMeBaHkarRtYtBinitükarRbtibtiþ-TMnak;TMnglayLMKña.
- rgVas;PaBlayLMKña ¬ Measure the Confound ¦ ³
vaRtUvEtbgðajfamanPaBlayLMKñaCakarBitEdlRtUvbM)at;b¤ykvaCaefr enHGacCakarRbtibtirþ gVas;ThM M
lT§plénPaBlayLMKña.
- erobcMPaBlayLMKña ¬ Manipulate the Confound ¦ ³
vaGacCaPaBlayLMKñaedaymankarERbRbYledaymankarerobcMdUcCakarBiesaFn_EdlmanrgVas;ThM .M
- kMrwtPaBBit-BiPBelak ¬ Rea/- World Constraints ¦ ³
eBlNaeRCIserIs Design mYy BiesaFn_RtUvEtBinitükMrwtPaBBit-BiPBelak ¬eBlevla b½NÑTan RbFan
bT RBMEdnRbPB ¦EdlCalT§plénskþanuBlrbs; Design-Related layLMnwgkarERbRbYlGacCakarbM)at;ecal
edayeRcInbMputebIRbPBEdlGacrk)ansMerceKalbMngBiesaFn_edayKµanRBMEdn. kareRCIserIsenHmankareRCIserIs
minGaRs½ynwgbMErrYlrbs;BiesaFn_ ¬RTg;RTayén Interface Design cMeBaH Human Computer Interaction
Research(HCIR) nigcriklkçN³rbs; UserCaRbFanbT-TMnak;TMnglT§plCamYynwgkrNIEdlGacekItmanlay
LMKñaenAkñúg HCIR nigkarGnuvtþn_dEdl²kñgú kar Design ktþaTaMgenH)anbgðajenAelIrUbxageRkamTI2-3nig2-4¦
ehIynigkareRCIserIsEdlGaRs½yeTAnwgbMErbMrYlrbs;BiesaFn_¬RbePTTaMg4énTMhMmanRbeyaCn_enAkñúgkarBiesaFn_
Interface Design CabrimaNénsñaéd ¬el,On¦kñúgkareRbIR)as; karsakl,gnUvlkçN³xusKña KuNPaBrbs;sñaéd
Interface Design ¬PaBRtwm RtUv¦ eRhVkg;énRBwtþkarN_ nigRbePT ¬Category ¦¦.

High High ● Novice

P P  Experts
E E
R R
F F
P P
R R
M M
A A
N N
C C
E E
Low Low
Command Direct Command Direct
-Based Manipulation -Based Manipulation
figure 2-3 figure2-4
INTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACE DESIGN

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 enAkñúgkaeeFIVBiesaFn_ Design eyIgRtUvEtsÁal;nUvGIEV dlehAfa Performance enAelI Interface enHnwg
)anvas;sµanTukCamun nigrgVas;NamYyGacTak;TgeTAnwgeKalbMngénkarRsavRCav.
BicarNakrNIeBlEdminGaRs½ynwgbMErbMrYl GaceFIV)annUv Interface Design Edl HCIR)aneRbobeFob
EbgEckCaBIrEpñkdUcrUbTI2-5 ¬ Issues Designs (Discussed) and Summaries Designs¦EdlEpñkTImYyénrUb
BicarNaelIkarvaytMél nigEpñkTIBIrénrUbBicarNaelIkareRCIserIs. karBicarNaenHeyIgRtYtBinitüelIbIcMnucKW³ kar
bM)at;ecalnUvskþanuBlEdllayLMedaysarEtPaKh‘unenAnwgfál; bnßynUvTinñplénskþanuBlEdllayLMRBav²
rvaglkçxNÐénkarRbRBwtþ nigkarRtYtBinitüskþanuBlEdllayLMdUcKñanwgkarminGaRs½ynUvbMErbMrYl ehIynig
karBicarNaelIsar³sMxan;énGnþrkmµTinñpl ¬karkMnt;nUvlkçxNÐénkareRCIserIs¬karkMnt;ktþab¤karerobcM¦¦dUcEpñk
TaMgBIrénrUbTI2-6.

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 enAelIrUbTI 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10 nig 2-11 bgðajnUvkar Design BI column X kñúgkrNIEdlRbFanbT
kMBugeFIVkarBiesaFn_Gnuvtþn_ sakl,g nigsakl,geLIgvijnUvxYbéneBlenAelI Interface EdlRtUveRCIserIs.

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15
 2-11a.

2-11b.

enAelIrUbTI2-12 )anbgðajnUvtYnaTITrM g; Design minlIenEG‘rCamYynwgtMrUvkarénkarsakl,gCaeRcIn.

kñúgkrNIenH column X nig column Y GacbM)at;ecal)an.

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 2-12.

enAelIrUbTI2-13 KWCataragénkarviPaKnUvlT§plEdleRbIsþaTisiÞcviPaKbMErbMrYleday ANOVA.

Figure2-13a. Table

Figure2-13b. Table

Figure2-13c. Table

enAelItarag a eyIgeXIjfatMélmFümrbs;vaERbRbYlBItMélGb,brma14>00eTAtMélGtibrma23>33nig
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bgðajnUvtMélmFüméneBl. enAelItarag b KWCaTinñpledaykarRbemIlemIlnUvbMErbMrYlnUvral;cMnuc. enAelItarag c
KWCa]TahrN_nUvral;cMnucEdlGacbMEbkFatukñúgTinñplEdl   24 ,   24 ,   11 ,   19 ,   25 ,
11 12 13 21 22

  14 ,   22 ,   21 ,   17 nig   1 ,   4 ,   5 ehIynig   3 ,   0 ,   4 ,
23 31 32 33 1 2 3 11 12 13

  2 ,   1 ,   1 ,   1 ,   3 ,   2 .
21 22 23 31 32 33

eRkayBIeFIkV arviPaKTinñplEdlTTYl)antamlkçN³sþaTisikÞ enAkñúgtaragxagelIrYcmk eyIgGaceFIkV arvay

tMélkarkMnt;):ar:aEm:RtRbCaCnedIm,IykmkeFIkV ar Design tamrUbmnþ ³
est  j  Yij  Y
kñúgenaH  Ca ktþaminERbRbYl
j

Y CatMélmFüm Interface
ij

Y CatMélmFümGtibrma


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