quantifiers: all, every, both, etc We live in a saciety exquisitely dependent an science | V science ‘and technology, in which hardly anyone knows P stress in word families ‘anything about science and technology. 10A The dark side of the moon “““""" ‘you can remember any of the 1 SPEAKING & LISTENING ¢ Witha partner, see explanations the scientist gave. Then listen again and a With a partner, discuss the statements below. Do you make notes for each statement. think they are F (facts) or M (myths)? Say why d_ Do you know any other things that some people think b 27) Listen toa scientist on a radio programme are scientific facts, but are really myths? ussing each statement. Were you right? 7 Afull moon makes people ef y and animals go mad 1 Acoin dropped from ver high building can kal _hahbultcan hd 3, There tino partotthemaon | Albert inser was ver whichis permanently dark, [bad at maths at school 2. We only use ten per cent ‘of our brains. 4 Rubber tyres protect a car 8 Bats are blind from lightning2 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION 3 SPEAKING stress in word families, science Work witha partner. A interviow B with the questions inthe red circles. Then B interview a Look at these extracts from the listening in 1b and write the ‘highlighted words in the rable below. This is one of the most popular Seientifiie myths. sett very tecently SG@HESTS houglit hat this really was the vase. He got very high marks in maths and Siam. chemist, biologist physicist geneticist 'b_ Now complete the chart for the other four words. Stress in word families In'some word groups the stressed syllable changes inthe different ports of epecch, eg. geographer, geographic, geography. ¢ ©28)) Listen and check. Then listen again and underline the stresced syllables in the words. In which gromps dows the tress change? Practise saying the word groups. Complete the sentences with a word from the list. discovery druge experiments guine pig laboratory research sideeffects tests theory 1 Scientists carry out experimentsina____. 2. Archimedes made an important his bath. 3. Isaac Newton's experiments proved his that gravity existed. 4 Before a pharmaceutical company can sellnew ___they have to test they to make sure they are safe. 5 Scientists have to doa lot of _into the possible__of new drugs. 6 People can volunteer to be in clinical trials. £ 629)) Listen and check, and mark the stress on all the multi syllable words in bold. Practise saying the sentences.4 READING a Youare going to read about four scientists who suffered to make their discoveries. Read the article once. How many of the scientists were killed by their experiments orinventions? D_ Read the extracts again and answer questions 1-8 frum memory. Write AD in hie right box. Which scientist or scientists...? 1 [J gotillatter trying to show that his discovery was harmless 200 stake during an experiment 3] died of diseases he caught as a result of his experiment 4”) caused the death of other scientists 5 [| used to breathe in toxic substances 6 [| uadolag kis experiments to reverse stop the agcing process rma a faval 7 [| fs remembered today for the negative effects of his discovery 8] was notvery successful in his first job uffering scientists Four scientists who were injured or' ‘killed by ere own ‘experiments. A. Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) ir Humphry Davy, the British chemist and inventor, had a very bumpy start to his science career ~ as a young apprentice he was fired from his job as an ‘apothecary because he caused too many ‘explosions! When he eventually took up the feld of chemistry, he had a habit of inhaling the various gases he was dealing with. Fortunately, this bad habitled to his discuvery uf Une atiaesttetic properties ‘of nitrous oxide. Unfortunately, the "same habit led him to nearly kill himself ‘on many occasions and the frequent poisonings let him an invalid forthe last two decades of his life. During this time he also permanently demaged his eyes in a ‘nitrogen trichloride explosion. *optnecry persona nn pasted to maka felimedcnes B Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) lexander Bogdanov was a Russian physician, philosopher, economist, science fiction writer, and revolutionary 11924, he began experiments with blood. transfusion ~ in a search for eternal youth. Alter 11 transfusions (which he performed ‘on himself) he declared that he had stopped ‘going bald, and had improved his eyesight. Unfortunately for Bogdanov. the science of transfusion was not very advanced ‘and Bogdanov had not been testing the health of the blood he was using, or of the donors. In 1928, Bogdanov took a transfusion of blood infected with malaria and tuberculosis, and died soon after. >c Thiomas Midgley (1889-1944) thomas Midgley was an American chemist who helped to develop leaded petrol (lead was added to petrol to make car engines less noisy). General Motors commercialized Midgley’: discovery, but there were several deaths from lead poisoning at the factory where the ‘adaitive was produced. In 1924, Micgley took part in a press conference to demonstrate the safety of his product and he inhaled its vapaur for a minute Ittook him a year to recover from the harmful effects! Weakened by lead poisoning, he contracted pollu atte eye of 51, which left him disabled, He invented a system of ropes and pulleys so that he could pull himself out of bed. but his invention caused his death when he was strangled by the ropes. The negative impact on the environment of leaded petrol seriously damaged his reputation and he has been described asthe human Teéponsible for most deaths in history.¢ 30) Look at the highlighted words. which are all related to science and medicine. Do 1u know what they mean? Are they similar your language? How do you think they are pronounced? Listen and check. D Louis Slotin (1310-1946) ss sg a ae .on the Manhattan project (the American project which designed the frst nuclear bomb). In1948, during an experiment with plutonium, he accidentally dropped a container causing a al reaction, Other scientists in the room witnessed a‘biue glow’ and felt ‘heat wave’ Slotin had been exposed to a lethal dase of radiation. |e rushed outside and was sick and then was taken to hospital. Although volunteers donated blood for transfusions, he died nine days ater, Three of the other scientists who were present died later of illnesses related to radiation. a GRAMMAR quantifiers: all, every, both, etc. a partner @5c) the sight word oe pase 1 Both | Both of Sir Humphry Davy and Thomas Midgley damaged their health as a result of inhaling chemicals. 2. Either | Neither Thomas Midgley nor General Motors were prepared to admit how dangerous lead was. 3 Until 1973, all every cars used leaded petrol. 4 Allthe |All blood Bogdanoy used in his experiments might have been contaminated, because he never tested any of it. 5 Sir Humphry Davy was fascinated by all | everything to do with gases. > p.150 Grammar Bank 10A. Learn more about quantifiers, and practise them. Do the Science quiz with a partner. InDirect current, the electrons.. ‘@ move inonly one direction 'b mave in hath directions don't move at all 2. Helium gas can be found, only in liquid form inneither liquid nor solid form © inboth liquid and solid form 3. Adult giraffes remain standing some of the day b allday c most of the day ? 4 ofall the water on our planet, .. ls found underground, a hardly any of it b about half of it © most of it 5 Snakes eat. only other animats hither nther animals or eggs ¢ either other animals or fruit 6 Adiamond can be destroyed 2. by either intense heat or acid b byoth intense heat and acid only by intanse heat 7. The human brain can continue to live without oxygen for. 2 nearly two minutes nearly six minutes afewhours 8 inour solar system, 2 neither Pluto nor Neptune are now considered tobe planets b oth Puto and Neptune are considered tobe planets gy € Pluto no longer considered to bea planet © ae) a 9 When we breathe out, 2. mast ofthat airs oxygen ° 1 nana af Phat aire yg some ofthat aris oxygen 10 Anindividual blood cell makes a whole circuit ofthe body in 2 neerly 60 seconds ® nearly 45 seconds ¢ afew minutes (© 34)) Listen and check. amp EE