HTML 1. HTML . Introduction to. HTML + Editing HTML document z HTML document structure + HTML comments +” HTML elements + HTML Tags P Attributes + Headings * Paragraph Element + HTML programs 1.1. Introduction HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML isa markup language that specifies the format of the text that is displayed in a web browser such as Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox. It allows to write formatting instructions for web pages. Web browsers interpret the formatting instructions specified for the web page and render the web page on the screen. HTML documents are written using HTML tags embedded in angular brackets. Even an average user can make use of these tags to create HTML documents. The set of tags that we can use to write HTML documents is defined by the World Wide web Consortium (\W3C), —$—$—$———— 3 Scanned with CamScannere rtich phy HTML was developed by Tim Bemners Lee at CERN, the European Center for partich phy: was developed from SGML, the Standardized General Markup Language: Editing HTML HTML document can be created by typing them with either -html or and .htm file name extension. Computers called web servers running specialized software store HTML documents, Client; request specific resources such as the HTML documents from web servers. 1.2, HTML document structure Every HTML document starts with the tag. This tells browsers that it is the beginning ofthe HTML document. This tag is an embedded tag, so it must have the corresponding tag that is used to assign a title to the web page, which appears on the title bar of the browser's window. This section quite often, contains JavaScript code, Cascading Style Sheet codes, etc. ‘The body section contains text and other tags, which are rendered on the screen as specified when the user visits the web page. 1.2.1. HTML comments These are used to improve markup readability and describe the content of the document Comments do not cause the browser to perform any actin when the user loads the HTML document into the web browser to view it. HTML comments always start with . Comments can be placed anywhere in the document. : Example: 1.2.2, Elements ‘These are the fundamental building blocks of a web page. An element consists of a tag, is attributes and content. HTML documents delimit an element with start and end tags. Thes? elements are organized in a tree-like structure. The root element is , which contains 2 other elements. pa ae 4 Scanned with CamScannerHTML wlar brackets(< and >), The general format of the tag is + SRAM RG CoRTERT STA 2 Witte crag the pening tag. . WN SRE Is Te chosing ag, ag WRDIW these opening and closing tags is the tag's content. The content can be ay Sale Pent, ar other tags of even be empyy LQ Attributes Many seart Rags Dave attributes that provide additional information about an element. Browsers, ation to determine how to process the element. Each attribute has 2 2 into Valve soparatad dy an equals sign (=) Example: SRW "NY" helahee "> Where che is the tag, width and height are attributes of tag. 1.2.5, Headings HTML provides sit Revels of headings, BI through h6, called heading elements, for: specifying sherelative importance of information, The hl Reading has the largest and he has the smallest font size. Heading 31> hot Heading 60> 1.2.6, Paragraph element Paragraph element is denoted with sp> and

all the tags placed between the

and < P>tags form one paragraph, When the browser renders & paragraph, a blank line usually precedes and follows paragraph text, Example: > The internet is a global system that consists of millions ef publis, Private academic, business, = Scanned with CamScannerch rt the computers connected to jt 4, and government networks of local to global scope. It allows exchange information with one another.

~ To make communication possible, com ' called protocols. The standard TCP/IP suite is used by the Internet to millio

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this text is italic this text is underlined
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VISAKHAPATNAM
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old Rate Rs 1 000
new Rate Rs 900
X²+Y²=Z²
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oftware web server Web server is a computer running S' which is connected with the internet. this tag is used for emphasis
this text has to be entered by the user
ASCII code for A is 65
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Are you sure Yes/Nox+=5
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Review Questions 1. Explain about HTML in brief. 2. Write about HTML document structure. 3. How'is a comment shown in HTML? 4. What are HTML tags? How do the tags that switch a format on differ from those which switch it off? 5. How can the font size, colour and style be changed in HTML? ea Scanned with CamScanner[CHaPTER | HYPER LINKS . Introduction to Hyper Links ing + Ryperlinking 10 an E-mail address + Basic pes of links * Changing link colours * Internal linking + Linking 10 other web pages 2.1. Introduction One of the most important HTML feature is the hyperlink, which references(links) other ©. such as HTML documents and images. When a user clicks a hyperlink, the browse tries to execute an action associated with it. In HTML, both text and images can act as hyperlinks Web browsers underline text hyperlinks and color their text blue by default, so that users cas .yperlinks from plain text. distinguish 2.2. Linking Link otherwise known as Hyper Link. Anchoring tag: ... ~ This tag is an anchoring ti This tag is used to link to other web pages. Attributes of anchoring tag: Scanned with CamScannerHypor Links 2 ef (Hyper text reference) - 1 ; ae YP Set naeee ~ This attribute of an anchoring tag. The value of href Be tute species the location of a linked resource, such as a webpage, a file or an e-mail address. Example: first + name : this attribute is used to make links jump to other sections within the same page. Example: First para + tabindex this attribute sets the order in the tabing index, for using the tab key to move to links ina page. third first second '3">third Andhra University Scanned with CamScanner2 are relative to the current page, The ie site to another, . the path names that + Relative links : these link types of links are commonly used to link from one page in th 2.5 Changing link colours The general colour of text links is specified in the body tag. + Link : standard link to a page (standard colour is blue) + Viink : visited link to a page ( standard colour is purple) Alink: active link, the color of the link when the mouse is on it(standard colour is red) Example: 2.6 Internal linking Internal linking is a mechanism that enables the user to jump between locations in the sane document. Internal linking is useful for long documents that contain many sections. Example : second web page
Back third web page
Back yous @ ote menu Scanned with CamScanneryr Lin con first web page ‘ SEPISIO! o|Mlalao ye REST ss: | nd web page ESI Pol! o |W ilaale + comes third web page Back Scanned with CamScannerChaptor 2 i ns Review Questions 1, Discuss the difference between relative and absolute paths in hyperlinks. 2. Explain about internal links. 3: Explain about external links. 4. Explain attributes of anchoring tag. 5. Explain hyperlinks in HTML. Scanned with CamScanner