• Incorrect pre-harvest applications

• Lack of storage at harvesting sites: inadequate pre-cooling facilities

2. Sorting & Grading
• Not properly remove of defective, disease, damage products
3. Storage
• Losses in cold chain storage: Storage non uniformity through cold chain
• Storage conditions: temperature, relative humidity, CO2, control issues
• Storage hygiene: Pest control, mold & disease control
• Time Management issues: Longer the food stored greater the loss
4. Transportation
• Issues in cold chain transport modes
• Packing & Loading: mechanical damages
• Issues in transport methods: transport vehicles
• Poor infrastructure: roads, rail
5. Improper packaging
• Non packaged: Higher loss
• Using unsuitable packaging: unable to protect the product & minimize mechanical
injuries, Packaging material not prevent moisture loss
• Low-quality packaging due to low cost
6. Supply chain issues
• Extended supply chains: Market distribution for distance places
7. Fluctuation of market demands
• Supply & Demand unequal
• Seasonal produce
8. lack of skill Labour
9. Financial constrains
10. Issues with secondary processing
• limited availability of suitable varieties for processing
• lack of appropriate processing technologies, inadequate commercialization of new
technologies
• Inadequate facilities and infrastructure