(CHAPTER 6 - CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS * List of topics for this chapter Capacitors Series and Parallel Capacitors Inductors Series and Parallel Inductors Applications _ CAPACITORS Problem 6.1 For the circuit shown in Figure 6.1, find i,(t) given @) O=2t+OV (6) v(t) = 2cos(wt) V i(t) e@ vi AK 0.10 pF Figure 6.1 ; dv, d(Q2t+6) @) i= cfs =107 SSF — 2x10” = 02 pa és dQeos(ot ® i= oF =107 ae = (107)(-20)sin(wt) i,(f) = -0.2osin(ot) pA Problem 6.2 Find v,(t) as shown in Figure 6.2, given that | OA t<0 0A t<0 f@ i=1 1A O t “4 ) e i v(t) 7S LmF Figure 6.3 ov t<0 e ov t<2 yh ae » (4t48)KV -2 Carefully DEFINE the problem. Each component is labeled completely. The problem is clear. > PRESENT everything you know about the problem. Since the capacitors are in parallel, the charge, q = CV , must remain the same. Also, when the switch is closed, the voltages across the capacitors are the same. > Establish a set of ALTERNATIVE sol greatest likelihood of success. ‘The three solution techniques that can be used are nodal analysis, mesh analysis, and basic circuit analysis. Basic circuit analysis can be used to solve this problem. ions and determine the one that promises the >» ATTEMPT a problem solution. For t<0, w= ON} = $00 *)(100)? =5 J (there is no initial charge on C;) = (107)(100) = 0.1 Now, 98Clearly, the energy has gone from 5 J to 2.5 J. What happened to 2.5 J of energy? Well, the e switch cannot close fast enough to keep from having a spark. Thus, 2.5 J of energy must be issipated in the spark. > EVALUATE the solution and check for accuracy. ‘After the switch closes, the charge of 0.1 C remains the same and the voltage across both is now the same, 50 V. ‘Our check for accuracy was successful. > Has the problem been solved SATISFACTORILY? If so, present the solution; if not, then return to “ALTERNATIVE solutions” and continue through the process again. ‘This problem has been solved satisfactorily. Problem 6.6 Find the equivalent capacitance for the collection of capacitors shown in Figure 6.5. 20 pF It e aCuE 10 uF AS 10 pF Figure 6.5 10 in parallel with 10 = 10+10 = 20 . (20)(20) in series with 20 = <>“? _ 20 in series with 20 = "5555 =10 10 in parallel with 10 =10+10 = 20 Therefore, C,, = 20 uF Problem 6.7 Given that the equivalent capacitance of the collection of capacitors shown in Figure 6.6 is30 HP, find C, and C, 20 uF fl CAN 10pF C2 i ) Figure 6.6 99‘There is an infinite number of solutions. e To find one solution, let C, = 10 pF, the network is similar to the one shown in Problem 6.6. The first two combinations are the same. Hence, we have 10 in parallel with C, = C, or 101C,=30 > C,=20 Therefore, C, = 20 uF and C, = 10 uF produce C,, = 30 pF Problem68 [6.17] Calculate the equivalent capacitance for the circuit in Figure 6.7. All capacitances are in mF. 5 IC 15 3 . IC 2 ‘ AT 8 4 Figure 6.7 _ GB) _ 3 inseries with 6 ="E15-=2 2 in parallel with 2 =2+2=4 : (AA 4 in series with 4 = 7 = ‘The circuit is reduced to that shown below: 20 e IC LD 6 2 e 8 1006 in parallel with 2 =6+2=8 A (88) 8 ith 8 =< in series with 8 =" 4 in parallel with 1 = 4+1=5 (5)(20) 3 in series with 20 = 5 Therefore, C,, = 4mF — INDUCTORS Problem 6.9 For the circuit shown in Figure 6.8, 5 i@) vil) g SH Figure 6.8 calculate v, (t) given that @ i()=Gt+ A (b) —_i(t)=3sin(ot +30) A _, di) .dGt+6) @ vel Gras ga 25V __ di(t) _.d@sin(ot +30") © wOb Gos a v(t) = 1S@cos(ot + 30°) V 101Problem 6.10 For the circuit shown in Figure 6.9, calculate v, (t) given that io) iW, 2A fa ea 1G wo Bau WA a‘ oF 1 @ ©) Figure 6.9 di) vi9=1 a2 (@ Fort<-3, v0=32-0v 24/3) For -3 - t ~ov+—_J © inl) vio) 4H Figure 6.10 103( OA t<0 ne — <2 5/4)? A O L,=15 ‘Therefore, L, = 15 Hand L. = 5H produce L,, = 20H APPLICATIONS Problem 6.16 Calculate the voltage across the current source in Figure 6.13 given that i= (t+5)A 102 5H AWW ASTIN + it) oO v(t) =p USF Figure 6.13 > Carefully DEFINE the problem. Each component is labeled completely. The problem is clear, except for the value of the ‘capacitor voltage at some point in time. 105> PRESENT everything you know about the problem. We know the current as well as the values of the elements. However, we do not know the initial condition on the voltage across the capacitor. We will solve for the voltage across the =0 is equal to ve(0) current source assuming that the capacitor voltage at > Establish a set of ALTERNATIVE solutions and determine the one that promises the greatest likelihood of success, ‘The three solution techniques that can be used are nodal analysis, mesh analysis, and basic circuit analysis. Basic circuit analysis will be used to solve this problem. > ATTEMPT a problem solution. V(t)= Va (t+ VL (+ ¥o(t) v(t)= Rig +r é Jie are v(t) = (10)(t +5) + (5) + sf (t+5)dt+v.(0) v(t)=10t es0ese (ast) ve(0) V(t) =10t+50+5+2.50? + 25t4+ve(0) V(t) =[2.5t? +35t+55] V+ ve(0) > EVALUATE the solution and check for accuracy. The current through each element is the same. The voltage across each element was determined while attempting a problem solution, Forthe resistor, ig (t)= 8 = = t+ 1 1 For the inductor, i, O=pho de=3{sac=4 5t+i,)=t+i,@ dvo(t) 1 For the capacitor, i= SO dive 1 By Sse +250) = Z(St425)=t45 Hence, i i, i, =1, (0 =i), when i(0)= Our check for accuracy was successful. » Has the problem been solved SATISFACTORILY? If so, present the solution; if not, then return to “ALTERNATIVE solutions” and continue through the process again. This problem has been solved satisfactorily. V(t) = [2.5t? +35t+55] V+v,(0) 106@ _Proviem 6.17 Given the circuit in Figure 6.14, find v(t) for vo(t)=(10+51) V. 202 5H WW ATEHD- a 10S yqq7R MOF Figure 6.14 =p ea0+ St) =| G Yyo-ba @ vi@= 180 8(3, 4). o(3}- 25V 2*2 Vo0a(t) = ina (OR =i, (OR = (Get 1}20)= (30+100) V V(t) = Vga (t) + Vy (D+ Ve(t) = (30+ 10t) + (2.5) + (10+ St) v(t) = (St + 42.5) V Problem 6.18 6.67] Design an analog computer to simulate aves ave | Feet get Me = 1Osin(20 where v,(0)=2 and v5 (0)=0 @y, Yo 2 10sin(21) 2%. = 10sinan = 2% ators th a summer, we ot Fo) 107—dveldt R sin(2t) Problem 6.19 Calculate v(t) and v, (t) forthe circuit shown i vc(0)==10 Volts (with the plus side of vc at the top of the capacitor). igure 6.15 and 10H = OO vit) + sin(t) 4) vit) Figure 6.15 5 1/10 F v.(t) = Weos(t) V 108