go through divorce receive legal aid.

Affluent men may also have been spooked into

better
behaviour by changes in the law. The principle of equal division of maritil prop"rty has had
a remarkable effect on the clients. The wealthier husbands are thinking a lot more
seriously
about the consequences of having affairs.

.o.rIt:r:r!n:,4Ftar!toirn!t40#4ln*n-o,ra?

(08) In 2003 the divorce rate was almost 50% .

(09) The divorce rate of some social groups tends to be higher.
(10) Married couples do not think the infidelity of their spouse a reason for divorce.
(11) The percentage of divorced women with higher education is rising.
(12) Since more women have begun to study at university it is much eisier to find the
right
mate.
(13) Less people go to church.
(14) Rich men tend to be untrue to their wives.
(15) The average family can do without the wife's pay.
(16) The divorce rate is much higher for wealthy people.
(I7) Until 2000 the exwife or exhusband could be deprived of half of her/his possessions.

Post-reading activity
I How does your education affect willingness to get divorced?
According to the research how does divorce ffiict dffirent social classes?
Explain why well-off couples are less reluctant to get divorced.
"J
"l
+I Do you agree with all the findings in the research? Exptain your view.
what do you think the really serious reasons for divorce are? "l
I
E*7zTi=F=za&ffi{:i: iig::* ii,, ,$lu++:lr

Resd fhe text ond decide which of the four ohernotives (A, B, C or D) given below
gop. There is on exomple ot the beginning (OOl.
Exomple (OO): A
besf firs eoch
j I

h
Ilommy myths
It s hell in the playroom. Being a mother (00) one of America's most stressful i;,,f,
occupations. Judith Warner's rambling howl of (18) about the pressure to be a
perfect mother has touched a nerve. Lots of women, it seems, feel that the feminist promise
of choice - of the option to combine motherhood and a glamorous career has turned
(19) .. .. to be a fraud.
-
Why is home life so grim? Child-rearing has always been (20) and pushy
parents are nothing new. But in a society that is both conformist and competitive, pr"rgr"
to be a "winner-takes-all parent" is strong. Mum takes the brunt., (ZI) ... American
F

mothers seem to be their own worst enemies, relentlessly marching their children off to
improving activities so as to leave no scrap of potential untapped.
The women Ms Warner interviewed for her book had frequently set out on promising
careers. Once the children came along, the promise faded. Husbands, to (22) ......... the
book gives a bad press, are too preoccupied with their own careers to help much. So the
erstwhile female highflier finds herself collecting her husband's dry-cleaning, picking up his
boxer shorts and packing her children's social calendar. Her job, (23) ...., goes to young
men, who are not so encumbered.
But families still need (24) .... income of a two-earner household. Middle class
family incomes, Ms Warner points out, (25) for 30 years. And there are new
demands: private-school (26) . .. is up, university tuition costs more, health (Zj) .
is expensive. So the vast majority of mothers work outside the home as well as in it, juggling
demands all round.
The new fashion in parenting theories has increased those demands. (2S) .... is the
happy view of the 1970s that the needs of mother and child could both (29) ..... by
spending more time apart - the one at the office, the other in child care. Instead, John
Bowlby's attachment theory is making a comeback, condemning mothers who (30) .
their children to the care of others. With it comes a vogue for interminable breast-feeding,
"co-sleeping" (allowing the child into bed with you) and (31) ..... parental attention. No
wonder American mothers are weary.
What is the answer? Ms Warner has little to offer, (32) .. .. from a misty-eyed
memoryofmotherhoodinFrance,wherechi1drenplayhappilyinparksand(33)
government subsidies child care.In fact, plenty of French mums also resent their husbands
and yearn for a satisfying job.
But two things would surely improve the lot of America's miserable mums. One is
more realistic expectations - on the part of men (34) .... women. It's no good (35)
.... girls to expect careers if boys do not also learn to use the washing machine. And
teaching girls that they can have a career is different (36) ..... teaching them that they
must. Women's lives will always be more heterogeneous than those of men, and both women
and men need to accept that diversity.
Secondly, mothers need to stop (37) . quite so hard. Children are there to enjoy.
Stop stimulating and go and sit in the sandpit instead.
(Adapted from The Economist April 30th-May 6th 2005 p. 76)

(00) A has become B had become C became D used to become

(18) A lack B shortage C poverty D misery
(1e) A off B out Cin Dup
(20) A exhausting B exhaust C exhausted D exhaustive
(2I) A although B however C nevertheless D despite
(22) A who B whom C their D them
(23) A when B as long as C while D meanrvhile
(24) A - B any C the Da
(25) A have stagnated B stagnated C were stagnating D had stasnated

r6
 (26) A acceptance B admission C application D enrolment
(27) A cure B therapy C care D treatment
(28) A Being gone B Gone C Going D Be gone
(2e) A be met B meet C have met D be meeting
(30) A leave B let C allow D permit
(31) A unchanging B lasting C timeless D endless
(32) A in addition B besides C alone D apart
(33) A the Ba C some D their
(34) A also B too C as well as D in addition
(3s) A to teach B being taught C teaching D teach
(36) Aas B than Cof D from
(37) A try B to try C trying D being tried

Post-reading activity
1 Give reasons why being a mother is one of the most stressful job.
2 Characteriagpy;fuapuenls.
3 Define the two contradictory theories of child-rearing mentioned in the text.
4 What are the suggestions for those American munxs who feel miserable about their
motherhood?
5 Give your own opinion about what makes good parents.

Reqd the text obout how lo roise children. Fill in the gops with the best suitqble word. Use only
one word. There is on exomple ol the beginning (OO).
Exomple (OO): ot
I
Easy rules for parents
Begin (00) . ... once to give the small child everything he wants. In this way he will grow
up (38) .... believe the world owes him a living.
:-
When he picks up bad words, laugh (39) . ... him. This will make (a0) ... think a
he is clever.
Avoid the use of (41) word "wrong". He may develop (42) guilt
complex. Without a guilt complex, later on in life he will believe when he (43)
arrested for stealing a car, that society is against him and he is (aa) ... persecuted.
Pick up everything he leaves lying around: books, shoes, clothes. Do everything for him
(45) . .. that he will be experienced in putting all responsibility onto others.
Argue frequently in the presence (46) . .. your children. In this way they will not
be too shocked when the hom e (a7) . . .. broken up later on.

Give the child (48) . .. the spending money he wants. Never let him earn his own.
Why should he have things (49) . .. tough as you did?
Satisfy his every desire for food, drink and comfort. Denial may lead (50)
frustration.
t7
 Take his side against neighbours, teachers. policemen. (51)
against your child.
. .. are all prejudiced
When he gets into real trouble, apologrze for I'ourself (5f
) ... saying: ,,I never
could do anything with him.',
Prepare for a life of misery. you will have (53)

Post reading activity

1 What do you feel about the tone of the text?
2 What kind of parents does the text ironize?
3 what do you think the real message of the text is?
4 What do you think the main role of parents is?
5 How important in your opinion are praise and punishment in raising child.ren?

.,:.
,,.,
r'l "'
.',... ,.rr
:..,1
i:;. .,, i ii;-
,.,. r+..!i..

Speok obout the odvontoges ond disqdvontoges of different fomily

strucfures.
Sum up the reasons for the rising divorce rate.
Present your own idea of the family of the future.
Comment on the idea: Parents were invented to make children
huppy.

;:
:.: ::!. I ...' ,.,1
- --..:11:'

,;.,,r,1.;
i::

write qn qrticle (2oo-220 words) for your school mogozine. You con
choose one of rhe following
slolemenls:
A) Being a parent is the most demanding job in the world.
B) You can have either career or children. Definitely not both.

t
.i, .:
,l . ' :.1.., ,:
'.r ,.
" i ,..ii

You will heor five speokers tolking obout relqfionships in rheir

fqmilies. Motch rhe following
slolemenfs (54-62) with the correct speoker or speokers.

Which speaker(s)
(54) thinks that spending time apart is important in a relationship.
(55) has lost trust in a family member.
(56) recently lost her temper.
(57) admires the skills of a family member.
(58) and (59) feel that they can be very open and honest in their relationship.
t8
 For questions l3-38, reod o movie review ond look corefully qt eoch line. Some of rhe lines qre
correct qnd some hove o word which should not be fhere. lf q
line is correct put o tick (nr) by rhe
nurmber' lf o line hos o word which should not be there,
write the word by rhe number. There
are I'wo exomples ot the beginning (0 ond OO).

BLUE FIT
-. ,iirl movie that might be a summer hit.
l -; four girls in "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants" make them a pact
- )

-:-, ing being found the magic every woman dreams

of, a pair of jeans
. ':. iits all four of them perfectly,
they vow to share them tong-distance
- j:lng their first summer apart. The jeans must be a magic, because
'. girls'shapes couldn't be more different. Petite Lena(atexis Blede)
. :.1lergic to boys who see her as a more beautiful face.
\\.itty Carmen (America Ferrera) is too curvy to be fit into the bridesmaid,s
' 'i\\ rl ordered for her by Lydia (Nancy Tiavis), the Southern bride-to-be of her
*'" orced father (Bradley Whitford). Bridget (Blake Lively), a lanky
srar athlere,
-1s never come to the terms with her mother's suicide. And
Tibby (Amber
T:mblym) is a blue-haired cynic whose summer job at a superstore named
-ter Wallman's is paying for video equipment to make her first film. The girls
I 'rSS the jeans around to bring them luck when they are getting separated:
I -'na with relatives on Santorini, where Kostas (Michael iady)-changes
her own
:lind about men; Carmen with the father she never sees, whose new family
is (26)
'' shock; Bridget in a Mexican soccer camp, where she sets her sights on Eric
\Iike Vogel), forbidden fruit because he's a coach; and Tibby viJeotaping L
ler co-workers. "A documentary," says one interview is subject "Thati like I
I

:t movie, only boring" Delia Ephron and Elizabeth Chandlers' II

screenplay
's much nicely served by the direction of a comedy veteran, Ken **s-pis. He
II
t-

'-reates a fatrytale summer world where the girls who grapple with issues: -|
love and a family, a death, losing your virginity for the wiotrg reasons, '."ui
divorce,
racism and having an unfashionable body type. The magic, of course,
is in the
eirls, as they need help each other achieve insights that lew of their elders
that could manage' gently sprinkled with tears. Ann Brashares, who wrote
the novel on which the film is based, has written two more books about
the 7
Sisterhood. If this one clicks, Warner Bros may find itself the proud
owner
of the first summer film franchise for teenage girls. )
(Adapted from The Economist June l l_I7th 2005, p. 7g)

Post-reading activity
1 what does the pair of jeans mean for the four heroines of the movie?
2 Characterize each heroine.
1
J Having read the review do you
feel like seeing the film? Give reasons why or why not.
 iE
i';
lo z z> -\-
(n=
=v
'fi
t>
l'6
l|a ..J

i!
lL. d 4.., ; !
loo
l;.s i.€F /o-
e.= tse fr.g
sE _eEt; H; {<
A
\ lo
l-o
/*e
lss i; .,€i
g
H l to
IL

l?"e
S$E f F?= o
:i i;t:*iF!E;E! F
tiv
\
(\
N
!
tut
lo
J!:
/ F.; : i::3=€:i:3E5=
.,v
\i\-
\-
'\J
lb5
lOo
; ii i*,tE!u:i!r: [: \
. F*:

\r
N
4
lsg
lotr
I=tF F i4 f€E€eE! U ^'
*"
le;
loo
;{ ie>3i[+,i=-
N-

Fi FS
\ \ l=:
/rf
l5r
ls:E
F^s; i5 ig ii; ii; YU
\N
A^
f\)
\\J
AV
a,

\)
ItE
l*o
lbE
lo-
l.tro ;gH5:E :s ii 3;>,e S^.
s\: s loo
I _

.ta t H^'; iE i: g 'i.g _-\- >s

^c\.\) lon -
l*-?
lrfi It/o
o! caOrv)=C(h:?:=tr:t--- *-%
.: {\ I OS
fb c;E==:;:=:=- tz
-va+F..J)-

R
rJV
G\J\
s'= | qr
&e
=E s.eg: iE.f f S;=
E: 's
\ Rr \- oo
^.o't, ts
q.'6
>'t
be
o-sI Fqfitegr:€fsEa
H;F:ESIF ii r iE
o\
*ri
tJ
:-\ s
R?
\s s\
S'S ;o
CL
ifE f g:
E p=r; [* :e :g Fi
G
5\ Lv
f\ ot
30
Ex
i_8 ;i i it +":
s
t==a 1p 1o s \-\
\)!v

<ri O' X
LO

5€3
=FssiE;I
E.3a' r?€;ZE
iT;;!E5
is=-F ii;:E
t=
G
I\
\\J
U\\)\
Sss
\rN
j;ilin:
.g€
fi(,
r|1l
lo
i* :\<; oa
+ A,
.H
T oE -o.
'i5 x=i3i^^! EE +
\{!l\

*U) NNV
ou
JE* iiA;j€sErsgs:rs
!\)A

s
StS:
>n t::;
-vF
!: r-
c\
\-./

ca
fl
'#ti
8E
e,tr
raO
 )
f*{:*s' -."*{i' /{ .,t r
**"**1""'l' ".*"*f /t' nil .*..'
..:

i('

:;#
r" Pt==D.1>)
r.x-.ornp€ 56-sf-. L r=er
.;^;-.i: (;f;::C.f
- e of gardening was the main inspiration behind Myrna Roberts'
" decision to build a
- >;rr
atory. 'I love my garden and wanted (00)..................... ....;JlS:))-j!gI!ggy){pe;.p.42:
^: "tririv^^tever t6e weather, and
thought that I corTs€ftafory
-rsr that,' she explains. Myrna (19)
.:...
@j ...... (give)
;:'modate a larger study, and increase
,,j.'1ff:t".Jil::Tjff*lojects so thatthethesize of her guest bedroom. It therefore
made
conservarory (20) ...... ..... (build) at

- -rf St step
was to contact her local authority
to see if planning permission (21)
-":rr' As this was reg\\ed, s\e qot
ao*( e\rrs e\
-lucar arirnotrry.-AsnEi (\=_-r*\--==\_> ::
.-- -.ri1e\).,-rr\-r-rr -.rrE;-u=DrrrrlEu ru r--ne
PioPer\'rs\EdSdn-oii] sit in\o
iia\ \D\e\\er \reeho\derknow of her plans, but fortunately there (23) ...... ...... (be) :l
rur objections.
d;
,lll

II
TJnce permrsslon was granted, Myrna contacted a conservatory company that was highly ,-
II
recommended and good value for money. The conservatory company drew up plans to
\lvrna's specifications and from the surveyor's assessment of the site. Mosi of the
'-onservatoty (24) (build) from these plans at their factory and delivered
-- rt
4l
 There are many ways how to divide a big living room into small areas with different
functions.
ffi
\eutral wall colours enable you to decorate the living room.
The function of the living room is actually to be a reception room for guests.
The couch in bigger rooms should always face the window overiooking the garden.
Some water features can make a spacious living room look attractive.
Seats in the living room should be placed so that guests can follow each other's
v-o11vorsa.tions.
\n artefact in the living room may distract a guest,s attention.
Old-fashioned plastic material has been replaced by easy-to-maintain materials.
A tall plant in a dark corner of the living room can brighten the room.
Decorative pillows should match the colour of your furniture.

,F o st-read i n g activity
\\'lmt are the main points to consider when creating a cosy tiving room?
Stv what'tricks' you would use to make a small tiving room look bigger.
ltlk about the activities you and your famity do in ))our living room.

':
Re'od the text obout building o conservotory ond put rhe verbs in brockets (18-29) in their right form.
xomple (OO): to feel

-
*^ ..or-e of gardening was the main inspiration behind Myrna Roberts' decision to build a
rservatory. 'I love my garden and wanted (00)....... (feel) that I could be in it or
,:'k at it whatever the weather, and thought that a conservatory (18) ......
ti
...... (give)
-"; just that,'she explains. Myrna (19)...... ...... (alsoiplan) to extend her home to
r-iolTllTlodate a larger study, and increase the size of her guest bedroom. It therefore made
::rSe to incorporate the two projects so that the conservatory (20; ...... ...... (build) at
rr same time as the extension.
lhe first step was to contact her local authority to see if planning permission (21)
need). As this was required she got some plans (22) (draw) up by an
:rchitect, which she submitted to the local authority. As her property is leasehold, ihe also

::if:#trer
freeholder know of her plans, but fsrtunately rhere (23) ...... ...... (be)

Once permission was granted, Myrna contacted a conservatory company that was highly
:-commended and good value for money. The conservatory company drew up plans to
\lvrna's specifications and from the surveyor's assessment of the site. Most of the
ronservatory (24) ...... ...... (brild) from these plans at their factory and delivered

4l
I
 i: I There are many ways how to divide a big living room into small areas with different
functions.
.*., Neutral wall colours enable you to decorate the living room.
- " r' The function of the living room is actually to be a reception room for guests.
- - The couch in bigger rooms should always face the window overlooking the garden.
- I t' Some water features can make a spacious living room look attractive.

- -: I Seats in the living room should be placed so that guests can follow each
other,s
conversations.
-"i r An artefact in the living room may distract a guest's attention.
--< r Old-fashioned plastic material has been replaced by easy-to-maintain materials.
-: t A tall plant in a dark corner of the living room can brighten the room.
- i Decorative pillows should
- match the colour of your furniture.

Post-reading activity
t-
\\-hat are the main points to consider when creating a cosy living room? II
'-
t-
Stv what' tricks' you would use to make a small living room toit< bigger.
Tttlk about the activities you and your famity do in your tiving room. ll- II
-E

-
i=V,ru,t$:i$uti{# firit ili+*i*

Reod fhe text obout building o conservotory ond puf the verbs in brockets (18-29) in
:l
Exomple (OO): to feel
their right form. o

\ 'lr T

love of gardening was the main inspiration behind Myrna Roberts' decision to build a
-'roserv?tory. 'I love my garden and wanted (00)....... ..... (feel) that I could be in it or
-'-'ok at it whatever the weather, and thought that a conservatory (18) ......
It
...... (give)
:ne just that,,' she explains. Myrna (19) ...... ...... (also/plan) to extend her home to :
iJcommodate a larger study, and increase the size of her guest bedroom. It therefore made
n-

sense to incorporate the two projects so that the conservatory (20) ...... ...... (build) at
:he same time as the extension.

The first step was to contact her local authority to see if planning permissi on (2I)
need). As this was required she got some plans (22) (draw) up by an
architect, which she submitted to the local authority. As her property is leasehold, ihe also
freeholder know of her plans, but fqrtunately there (23) ......
...... (be)
Hifi#her
Once permission was granted, Myrna contacted a conservatory company that was highly
recommended and good value for money. The conservatory company drew up plans to
\Ivrna's specifications and from the surveyor's assessment of the site. Mosr of the
conservatory (24) ...... ...... (build) from these plans at their factory and delivered

4l
 There are many ways how to divide a big living room into small areas with different
T:ffi
functions.
\eutral wall colours enable you to decorate the living room.
The function of the living room is actually to be a reception room for guests.
The couch in bigger rooms should always face the window overlooking the garden.
Some water features can make a spacious living room look attractive.
Seats in the living room should be placed so that guests can follow each other's
ionversations.
An artefact in the living room may distract a guest's attention.
Old-fashioned plastic material has been replaced by easy-to-maintain materials.
A tall plant in a dark corner of the living room can brighten the room.
Decorative pillows should match the colour of your furniture.

,P o st-read i n g activity
\L-lnt are the main points to consider when creating a cosy living room?
S;tv what' tricks'you would use to make a small living room look bigger.
lt/k about the activities vou and your family do in your living room.

riti
t.'a i;,..i
I
i,.

text qbout building o conservotory ond put the verbs in brockets (18-29) in rheir right form.
Re'od the
Exomple (OO): to feel

-. iove of gardening was the main inspiration behind Myrna Roberts' decision to build a
- rservatory.'I love my garden and wanted (00)....... ..... (feel) that I could be in it or
'-'k at it whatever the weather, and thought that a conservatory (18) ......
il
...... (give)
--= just that,'she explains. Myrna (19)...... ...... (alsoiplan) to extend her home to
*-r--offllllodate a larger study, and increase the size of her guest bedroom. It therefore made
::rSe to incorporate the two projects so that the conservatory (20) ...... ...... (build) at
.rr same time as the extension.

lhe first step was to contact her local authority to see if planning permissi on (2I)
need). As this was required she got some plans (22) (draw) up by an
:rchitect, which she submitted to the local authority. As her property is leasehold, ihe also

::iil*].t,
her freeholder know of her plans, but fortunately there (23) ...... ...... (be)

Once permission was granted, Myrna contacted a conservatory company that was highly
:ecommended and good value for money. The conservatory company drew up plans to
\lvrna's specifications and from the surveyor's assessment of the site. Mosf of the
'-onservatory (24) .....- ...... (b,rild) from these plans at their factory and delivered

4l
I
r
':i
t:,
iE
-t
$ffi in sections, called modules. It was then assembled on site in a couple of days, once
the additional building work (25) ......-..........." """ (complete)'
As Myrna wanted (26) (use) the conservatory all year round, she
had radiators installed, which run on the central heating system, and smart terracotta tiles
(27) .......................... (lay) on the floor.
Myrna is delighted with the results. She (28) .......................... (turn) her conservatory
into a multi-purpose room, in which she can entertain guests, read, relax and enjoy the view
of the garden.
As the conservatory was built mainly in the factory, it only took a few days (29)
(assemble).
(Adapted from Your Home, April2005, p. 128)

Post-reading activity
1 What changes did Myrna decide to make in her house?
2 Make a list of steps she had to make to rebuild her house.
3 Having built the conservatory what did she gain?

Reod the text qbout furnifure rentol ond decide which of the olternotives (A, B, C or D) given
below best fits eoch gop (31 -491. There is on exomple ot the beginning (00).
i'
t
Exomple (O0): A

One important benefit of renting furniture and electronic appliances is (00) ................you
can try the product out before really committing to ownership. This is especially worth
(30) ...... when considering an appliance (31) .. that is new to you. Things like a
flat heating element stove, or an extra large capacity washer and dryer all ate good
(32) ...... for the 'try before you buy' idea. Furniture rental company services are also a
way to try out (33) . in furniture designs at afraction of the costs of a direct purchase.
Try colour schemes in your home without committing to (34) ...... direct purchase of
that new sofa or bedroom suite (35) ...... you know the colour scheme is right.
The first consideration when renting furniture will probably be price. The (36) .-....
for this is because most of the rental cost is rental fees and does not go towards the purchase
cost. However,, the intention, at least (37) ...... this point of view is to rent the equipment
or furniture to see if it (38) .. into your lifestyle and home. If you (39) . ..
directly and the colour is wrong, or that flat screen television isn't exactly right, (40) ......
bad you own it. With furniture renting or try before you buy, if it's wrong,, it's a simple matter
to get an exchange or (41) ......
Short term needs are another great reason why furniture rental services should be
considered. @2) .. moving into a new home soon but you don't want to move your
furniture from storage into (43) .. ...... ..... housing, then into the new home, rental services
may be the answer. Or if moving is part of alan (44) ...... move and you find yourself
with two homes, a short term rental service can (45) a lot of expense. Instead of
buying two sets of furniture, consider (46) ...... furniture rentals in the new home until
42
rce *r previous homes furnishings are shipped.
(47) ...... furniture rental companies do also sell their products, they offer the
he best in consumer satisfaction by using the rental services as a try before you buy
CS -\ I , .... . All in all, this can offer a consumer good service at G9)
,' ::le delivering the products desired
almost immediately.
ry
w
'rJ) A that Bit C this D there
:tl) A done B doing Cdo Dtodo
-:1 ) A machinery B mechanism C technique D technology
-:l ) A contestant B candidates C aspirant D applicants
13) A at last B at least C the latest D the last
.+) A the Ba Cno D any
:5) A until Bif C whether D when
-16) A result B reason C cause D aim
-17) A in Bon C from Dof
-r8) A responds B suits C fits D matches
-r9) A purchase B purchased C would purchase D will purchase
l0) A too B enough Cso D such
ii ) A refund B compensation C alternative D replacement
rl) A While B Unless CIf D Whether
-3) A permanent B temporary C momentary D constant
-11) A promotion B job C ambition D career
J5) A save B spare C spend D share .1

16) A use B used C using D to use

J7 ) A However B When C Although D Despite
+8) A option B selection C preference D alteration
+9) A a medium B an average C an extra D a moderate
I
-t

Post-reading activity
. Sum up the situ.ations in which furniture rental is beneficial.
- Speak about the rental services which are avaitable in Slovakia.

Reod the fext obout retiremenl qccommodotion. Think of one word thot best fits eoch gop (50-64).
There is on exomple qt the beginning (OO).
Exomple (00): con

.r en the active and healthy (00) . tire of the hassle and cost of maintaining
-. home and garden once they enter the later years of their retirement. Instead many
<tl) . . seeking good quality, secure and low maintenance retirement housing,
"i'tth the reassurance of knowing that assistance is (51) ... hand if they need it.

43
 rnted a designer look on a budget so she (71) . (decide) on a stylish
r Shaker-style kitchen from B&Q which fitted her criteria perfectly - it was a far cry
F'revious dark units, (72) . (accommodate) all her storage needs and
reasonably priced. When it came to appliances, Elaine (73) . (want,
.tainless steel and, because she had saved money on the units, felt she could splash
re . A sleek, stylish oven and hood add a streamlined feel and a dishwasher and fridse
-J) .... .... (integrate) behind the unit doors.
(Abridged from Your Honte, April2005, p. 60)

jr
.' -; [-reading activity
rut n,hat open-plan space m.eans.
''!be what has changed in E,laine's kitchen.

'l : : s the text obout homelessness. Fill in the gops (75-82l,wirh the right form of the words given
: ' *'r'
e right. There is on exomple qt fhe beginning (OO).
i: r i*ple (00): hcving

;SSneSS means not (00) .. a home. E,ven if you HAVE

:oof over your head you can still be (75) . . This HOME
"lse vou may not have any rights to stay where you live or your
rreht be (76) .. for you. SUIT
t'l

*-'I.l't have to be sleeping on the streets to be classed as homeless.

.-rght also be (17) . . homeless if you are: LEGAL
.... staying with friends or family, staying in a hostel TEMPORARY
-
-,: and breakfast place, living in very (79) CROWD
,. .ions. at risk of violence or abuse in your home, living in POVERTY
.. conditions that affect your health, living somewhere
rru have no legal right to stay in (e.g. a squat), living somewhere
' , i ior without depriving (81) . ... of basic essentials, YOU
t'o* vour ram'v' because vour PART
'
:: ]l:: l:i]i,",; ,.,rtur,,r"l ACCOMODATE
( A brid gecl frctm (j uordinn Unlinited, Tttestltty, April 19, 2005)

F ost-reading activity
, -' , tt'hot situations tne(tn tl'tut pectple ore ltomeles,s.
i:', e c,rontples o.f'what kind. of people are a.ffected bv homelessness.
:',.pluirt whot 'I'tttsic es,gentials' sre.
i:t'e rensons yvhy ptople l:econte honteles,s.

45
 11.,,. ::ll-:1. -:": ..-.; - - i. '-- i:.i:t\l;1q in- probiem' ACcept the
.
llllllillt - . .,t r:rc .:,,.\ -1i; .r\-r:ii ctlst of the job is (22) ' "' than
r' 1,-
:
crn claim the extra lrom the tradesman who (23) '
{
- -, r r;. -s .tr rr\ a rradesman no more than necessary before the job (24) '
,.,
. * 11,l .: :r:d.snen ri ill expect (25) .... to pay a deposit in advance, but otherwise
- _ r::-s: c.1\lnq an\thine until the job is finished to your satisfaction. It's far easier to
- -, L=\. ( 16 i . . . , to trv and recover it from someone.

_., .L -rcrtiesman is demanding payment from you for a service

which seems dispro-
- ,,.:.r high then. proyided you haven't agreed a price beforehand, you only (.21) '
- :--..r a reasonable price for the work carried (28) '
-.S ;trfle as you can show you have and are behaving in a way an
independent person
might instigate
-:r-3 rs reasonable, you have nothing to fear about any court action they
-:- \ou. ,-t Sv-a-
.l

,Frrs t-readi n g activitY

a member of
]:t.e reasons why it is important to know whether the tradesman is or isn't
: :rnde association.
f .rplain the best way of choosing a reliable tradesman.
Cive advice on payment for services'

reod the
Reqd the text by Liz who wos siruggling to cope with herdebrs. For question s 29'48,
There is En exomple ot fhe
text qnd decide which qnswer A, B, c or D besr fits eoch sPoce.
beginning (00).
Exomple (OO): since

it is six years (00) . ... I applied for my first credit card. I am now 28 years old and bankrupt'
My debt started when I moved out of home at the age of 22. I'd never had the
the
\2g) . ... to get credit before, as my parents had a bad credit history. Having seen
trouble that mybad had gone througtr wlttr his finances and the
(30) ...' I had strongly
received from irl* t was positive that I would never apply for a credit
card.

53
r
A short tirne after I left home I decided that I would like to (31) . ... an A level and
decided I would need a computer for my study. I took out a (32) . .... for fB00 to buy a
computer and printer.
I decided that I would like to celebrate the (33) . ... of the century by going to
Egypt and spending it on the (3a) .. . . of the river Nile so I booked the holiday. l{owever,
it became apparent later in the year that I was going to have trouble raising money to pay
the (35) .... of the holiday. I became quite (36) . ... to raise the money and thought
my only option was to apply for a loan or credit card. I was granted a loan which I used to
pay for the holiday and to (37) . . .. my spending money. I also got a credit card, and

decided I would take it on holiday with me - but only for (38)

However, I soon (39) .... the benefits of 'plastic money'and was again off on
another holiday, this time to Eastern Europe. Before I knew it I had accrued nearly f3,000
in debt in the (40) . ... of just over a year. It was time to get another card. However,
I found I quickly slipped into the (a1) .... of buying on plastic and nqtihinking of the
(42) . ... . I was burying my head in the sand. Before long I had a handful of credit cards
and was afraid to open the post as I knew it would be anoth er (43) .. . . . Although I knew

I was in debt I found it extremely hard to stop spending. I was now f20,000 in debt.

Thenintheautumnof lastyear, Iwasmade (44). ...frommyjobasaPA.Ashortwhile

after this I approached a debt management company who advised me that they would be
able to take (45) . ... the debts for me with a small monthly (46) . ... each month.
I thought by going through one of these debt management companies it would help
(47) . ... my problems but it just made them worse in the long term. It took the debt
management company about six months to negotiate with all the creditors.
The secretarial market was quiet, I couldn't get a job. I had bills coming in but very little
money to clear them. Bankruptcy in my case was not a bad option, simply because I have no
assets. I live in (a8) .... property and do not even own a car.
Although many people are able to control their spending, many people bury their
heads in the sand like me - and don't actually admit they have a problem until it is too late.
(Story arlapted and abridged from BBC NEWS published: 2005/10/04, http://news.bbc.co.uk/)

(00) A since B for C ago D when

(29) A occasion B challenge C opportunity D intention
(30) A cautions B warnings C threats D precautions
(31) A accomplish B follow C achieve D gain
(32) A credit B loan C mortgage D overdraft
(33) A turn B break C twist D change
(34) A shore B embankment C coast D banks
(35) A unbalance B imbalance C balance D overbalance
(36) A desperation B despair C desperate D despairing
(37) A compensate B invest C spread D cover
(38) A emergencies B casualties C misfortunes D circumstances

54
nd
ra -\ discovered B explored C recovered
\ range B space C limit
D invented
to \ form B sample C model
D span
rr.
.\ causes B reasons
D pattern
C consequences
rv
{ receipt B bill C account
D inevitabilities
It { dismissed B spared C expelled
D invoice
-{ over B off D redundant
D
.{ deposit cup Don
I B cost C charge
.\ settle B solve
D reserve
C support D soothe
.\ purchased B leased
I

C rented D let

,Pcs t-read i ng activity

I
r,lntrt how the writer got into
debts.
t obout the way she tried to sorve her dfficurt
financiar situation.
''r'hether she was a victim of consumer society. Give reasons.

fllg'odthetexfonPos5u/ordprotectionfo.onti
I
rhqr rirs-in'"o.t spoce
ilff|,:Tjt
ixo
ffij;,H[io[i*
(00):
mpf e
tq;-set in rhe Jo-" rine. rhere is an
improcricoi

:, ine shopping was once ,.,.rr.

-
agglq{&y_and (00)
. . . . . ... PRACTICAL
-: rt has proven that not only is iii
uiuuL consumer option,
,

' also a mega (49) . ro.bittion dolrar businesses.

In fact, many experts expect to PIPE
see the (50)
tn- online shopping industry increase GROW
.. - | .. in ways that will
...... make offline shopping somewhat
obsorete. EVENTUAL
Already we see that during peat
-:i' online (52) rrrJppirrg months rike Decem_
.. statistics sometimes top the
: "lres for brick and mortar revenue SELL
stores. And this phenomenon
r:irl ignored by the bad guys, particularly has not
those who make their
:..rney by computer_aided (53i
fra.rd, and hacking.
If you are concerned about whether , THIEF
or not your online shopping
:rnsactions are (54) ...... and
secure, you are in good company.
Fr en the experts on the
subject say that it is a matter of SAVE
:e' advise ways to remai" concern, and
p-i".trrrg our
"Hlkglli ior-iiiminar criticar personal.
By being,u*ur." of
'i our online shopping
tham,l (55) EXPLOIT
we can (56) .
'urselves against such things,""p"iiences, DEFENCE
and our stress and worry can be
:ransformed into a healthy (57)
.-...... of our modern need
:o take (58) . security precautions.
AWARE
REASON
.,ri )r\ i
Qr+
." \rvr r ,u ti \ .dl
j
 Fmuffi*e ading activity
l, , .-.t ,.,r dnvbody close to you suffer from migraines? How did you/they feel? What did
' 't,u t,'"i'u ,lo to help themselves?
- ;,, t,rlild l,ou do to prevent a migraine?
-
- ,rrir,,-;,,,,

,,,,r, .,,;: ,i,-, r'ou think about the herbal prevention of migraines?

ry

hd rhe rext below ond fill in the gqps (42-51) with lhe correct verb form or tense. There is on
mlmnpl€ ot the beginning (OO).
E hlurmnrrpfe (0O): ore speciolly prepored

* 1=,,,parhic medicines (00) . .. (prepare, specially) from plant, animal and other
r" . :ical sources. E,ach new remedy is arrived at by a process (42) (call)
r,* ;;ng'. rvhereby healthy men and women volunteer (43) . .... (take) the medicine
r{ :.;c shat symptoms (aa) (produce), a process which is repeated several
I *::rerJs thousands of times. The volunteers must describe in great detail all the
or
hen?
:- Ttrtlrrrs produced by the substance. These are then collected in a book called a Materia
,,,[:iica. which (45) .... (describe) the symptoms associated with a particular
1::.cC)-.
\\'hile he (a6) . . . .. (test) his original remedies, Dr Samuel Hahnemann made

- r:rTlsrkable discovery: the healing effect of a remedy increases if the amount of the
.*::rance present in the medicine (47) (decrease). This discovery is
;; rporated in the preparation of doses
- of different strengths. It can be carried on almost
Use
:::frnitely, and each successive potency (a8) ......("ontain) less of the original
: -rSr&nce. The most potent dilutions used by homeopaths (49) . . (can, show)

: : 50) r .. (prepare) the dilution retains the energy of the original substance in
L:- enhanced and more potent form. This is very important, for many of the remedies
our iII. .... (be) poisonous if taken in large doses. Because there are no poisonous
:: roxic agents involved, there are no adverse side-effects. Consequently, homeopathy -
]StS ',r
h.th"t it is effective or not - is an intrinsically safe form of treatment.
tisy

60 Reod the text qbout firsr oid ond decide which of rhe olternqlives (A, B, C or D) given below best
ine firs eqch gop (52-66). There is qn exomple ot the beginning (OO).
Exomple (OO): A
the
ley
i r,)0) .
.. first aid usually begins before any direct contact with the casualty. You should
.

approach the scene of any incident with (52) ...., authority, and control in order to
reassure the casualty and any (53) .... . This is particularly important if there are many
lut
lir casualties, when a calm, systematic attitude on your part can help prevent (54)
injuries and enhance the survival of the casualties.
e)

65
 "j_.:l\lngcustomers
- : :heir investment
: ":coming tomorrow

rnfo r" ;-5"t*',r8

rny adin g aCtivity
" ''', think about air travel in a supersonic aircraft?
'- :l'e reasons for ceasing work on supersonic aircraft?
ll* t like to travel in a passenger airc.raft capable of breaking the souncl
barrier?
"
.'.0Ltr attitude.
our opinion of attempts to take civilian passengers beyond the sound
" barrier?

: =?=-;;; Z'ff,'u# "feu;::

ilwn qrr6's5lions 15-29, recd the text below. Use fhe word given in copirols ot the
end of eqch line to
w6"!n o word thor fits in rhe sPoce in the some line. There is on exqmple ot
the beginning (gg).
lm.nrln: ple (00) tourism

" . _.rns patterns of (00) TOUR

' ; r:rure of tourism is changing.
The holidays taken by people who
:]JoUfltriessuchastheUKarelonger,more(15).
-
- :ore frequent than those taken by previous (16) GENERATE
There are many reasons for this change.
People can afford to take more holidays. People can earn more
- ,=l today and are paid by rheir (17) . .. while EMpLOy
- _.rliday.
Lifestyles and interests have changed. people are looking for
- :- (18) . ... holidays often in more exotic ACTIVATE
::tions.
The nature of (19) . has changed. Flexible EMpLOy
'; :king hours and the (20) . of taking leave from EAS'
, rk outside the (21) ..... holiday timls of TRADITION
- :ristmas, Easter and mid-summer, means that workers
can
.ie their holidays at (22) times throughout DIFFERENCE
-,3 year.

People have more holiday (23) . . .. from work. ALLOW

tn average people in the uK have three weeks of holid ay
ayear.
:+) ' many people wilr go on horiday more ttrun coNSEeuENCE
nce a year.
Greater (25) . ..... of cheap flights from budget AVAILABLE
,irlines has allowed people to travel to more destinations.
-rften for long-weekends in Europe.
 A better range of (26) ..... holidays make it easier PACK
for people to book a greater (Zi) of trips. VARIOUS
Tourism is an important part of many countries' economies so
countries will actively (28) . tourists. COURAGE
The Internet has made it easier for people to gather information
about destinations and book flights, car hire and (29)
ACCOMMODATE
around the world.

Post-reading activity
1 Make a list of the three most important changes in holidays at present. Explain.
2 H_ow do you. plan and organise your hotidays?
3 Compare your grandparents' hotidays in th,e past with yours today.

Reod the text below ond fill in the gops (30-48) wirh the
correcf verb form or tense. There is on
exomple ot fhe beginning (OO).
Exomple (00): is

Travel or Consumption?
Much of travel today (00) . .. (b") about consumption - the consumption of
foreign places, cultures, and people. The colourful locals
are often objects of curiosity and
visual consumption, part of an exotic Arcadia (30) .
.. (admire) and photographed.
The interactions between the visitor and the local people
often (31) ....... ..... (go, not)
beyond the exchanges of seller-buyer and provideiconsumer.

we do not just visit cities, mountains, museums, and beaches.

t --- we visit the people. They have
a right to privacy and to a way of life that (32)
a
I. .. (shape, not) by outside forces
I.
such as international tourism. The best way to learn (33)
a
. ..... (respect) the locals
is to meet and get to know them. It is in the interaction
and encounters between the host and
7-* the visitor that an ethics of travel (34) . ... (begin). Traditional patterns of hospitality
(35)'
F--
,fi
' ' (base) on reciprocity. where friendship and undeistanding
traditional relationships of seller-buyer and provider-conr,r-",
(36) .
develop, the
..... (transform).
More than consuming places and people, trivel is an opportunity
to break out of-our patterns
of famili atity and gain insights into the cultures that make
up the diversity and complexity of
the human race. The more travel (37) . .. (become) a journey of discovery and
shared experiences, the less host countries (38) ...... ... lsuifer) from the excesses of
a leisure-oriented tourism industry.

Although travellers certainly have rights in foreign countries,,

we have obligations as well.
If we appreciate and respect the cultural, economic, and social integrity
of our travel destina-
tion' we will want to help it by (39) . ..... (choose) a low-impuit and non-intrusive ways
of travel in order @0) (give) preference to small, locally-owned operations
76
 rl i "::- sensitive to the ecosystem and local culture. It is also important (41)
ffiffi
:1 :: -:.1 r *.ith the local people in their authentic cultural context and ignore the stereotypes
i *:"s: brochures and the glossy travel press.
: .:iS should also look at favourite tourist activities such as snapping pictures and buying
DATE ,h L : t-rS in the context of their impact on their host country and its people. The local
- i' - , i .:lcture should (42) (use) moderately, without drastically
"r,**- ii.lq demands on it, and the traveller should consider (43) (bry)
i'- -*::s that are characteristic of the local culture and tradition, not those that are a by-
* *-: .rt the tourism industry.

T ; -; -S no way (44) . ..... (turn) back the clock to the days before jet travel,, when
r I : ie n- people ventured to foreign countries. The tourist industry (45)
- " :ue ) to grow. Distant locations and people will continue (46) . (exploit)
rl:.
-:,;l destinations. We all leave footprints in the places we travel, but we can learn to
:- : -/- them and reduce their impact. We can also set examples for others by @7)
15 0n ,i our own ethics of travel. An increasing number of travel businesses (48)
;: that responsible, ethical, and respectful travel is in fact the only solution for the
"ze)
"'ltion of our travel destinations and the future of travel'(Abridged
from \uww.news.bbc.co.ttk)

rn of
and P'ns t-readi ng activity
hed.
not) ," ",'lling at present seems to be comfortable. Explain whether you agree/disagree ancl why.
'^' tlo you behave in a foreign country? What would you recommend to those who have
:,' been to a foreign country?
laVe ,". rlo you expect foreigners to behave in your country?

rCCS
"
.;: cio you not like about their behaviour?
cais
and
lit'-L \
.rl
*t" questions 49-57, reod the text below qnd rhink of the word which best fits eqch spoce. Use
ll,quriv' one word in eoch spoce. There is qn exomple qt the beginning (00).
ttre
3x.iunr''r p e (00): thot
I
m).
rns
'of higher the altitude, the greater the affect on climate
i':nl,c

rni.l
,;\ iS a very busy place these days, and (00) .... has negative consequences on the
- :t:. According to the authoritative report issued (19) international climate
, t-ri
. -,..--irers in 1999, air traffic was responsible (50) 3.5% of human-induced
-'- , -".,.ruse gases in 7992. Current estimates (51) based on a higher impact of
rli
- :-,-ritS, According to these estimates, air travel today could contribute (52) .... to
l-
. -' elobal warming. Carbon dioxide, (53) ..... is produced when kerosene is burnt,
\a
- . ,<+) . ..." onlyfactor. In higher altitudes, there are aiso cirrus clouds, condensation
' :-rtroqen oxide and (55) .... pollutants. The high cirrus clouds and condensation
. .:-rrile can lead locally to a greater rvarming (55) .. the earth than warming caused
77
iIWffiGffi
C I've done everything possible to get my 14-year-old to revise. Why doesn't he understand
that it is vital to excel in exams?

D My son is very busy having a lot of extra-curricular activities and has started to hate
regular lessons. What can we do to persuade him that lessons are more important for him?

E I keep offering to test my son, who's 18, but always refuses. How can I help him if he
won't let me? (Abridged from British magazines)

Post-reading activity
Tatk about the ways in which you prepare for lessons.
Give some recommendations to your classmates who have problems finding effective ways
to study.
2 Talk about ways to overcome nervousness before exams.
.'
J HoW.{o-four parents hetp you when you do not feel comfortable before exams.

r- ,
ri:1il#r# lu
wr eU€stions
t.-11i1*

reqd the'lext below. use the word given in copitols ot the end of eoch line
l0-t8,
to form o word thol"fiti'in the sPoce in rhe sqme line. There is on exomple ot the beginning
Exomple (00): conings
(00).

't- Cane
Teachers handed out regular (00) Look inside the CANE
,.1(10) ...... book" that every school kept, and you will see PUNISH
many reasons for these beatings: rude (11) ...... CONDUCTOR
I
l. ...., leaving
I
]t the playground without (12) ...... sulkiness, answering back, PE,RMIT

r-
t'

missing Sunday (13) ...... ..., throwing ink pellets and PRAY
being late. Boys were caned (14) ...... . their bottoms, CROSS
and girls across their hands or (15) ..... legs. Some teachers BARE,LY
I broke canes in their (16) ...... , and kept birch rods FURIOUS
in jars of water to make them more (17) ...... . Victims SUPPLE,ME,NT
h.
trl
l
had to (18) ...... .. which cane they wished to be beaten with! CHOICE,

For questions l9-3g, reqd the rext below ond rhink of the word which best fits eoch spoce. Use
only one word in eoch sPqce. There is on exomple ot the beginning
(OO)'

Exomple (00): from

After 1870, all children ..... five to thirteen had to attend school by law. In winter in
(00)
the countryside, many children faced a teeth chattering walk to school
(19) several

84
 rilllllillilllillillill| ,,i
...,.,-,f
,l
jtf:;:,,T:ljl?_..:;. ; . _ .. . .,Lessons lasred from eamr to JPlll,
5pm, with
wl[Il L\_,
Because classes were
il:"T::jy^.1.?l:* so targe, pupils all had ro
t,:::::

llillillil tilr,,.:::i. - ---:,j the'irh^^l-- A+ /a.\ ::#;ff';:il:

,rlllllllllllllllirrr,,t',,
:

r r1lil il]|ilililillltr I -::.s difficult (25) . control.

'1
' :;: f S u-ollcefltrated (26) ......... the "three Rs"- Reading,
Lrliirrrr "'
- . -:. ' ' r-\ reciting things (27)
lilrrr ," wRiting and aRithmetic.
... ..... parrots, until they were word
rilril * - ::l- of learning! Science (28) perfect. It was not
- taught by ,,object lessons,,. snails,
rr rr:ll' - ; :rS' stuffed dogs, models of
crystals, wheat Qg| .......... pictures
'
lr\lx'
':* : pupil's desk (30) .......... the subject
of elephants and camels
'ach for the lesson. The object lesson was
"': -
'iirrrrri""''''
-:ke children observe, then talk aboutj:r;
rrrlliiil'i:" ; ' - ::r lound (32) . they had seen. l;nfortunately,
easier to chalk up listsdescribing
iiirrrrfLiirrr :' Geography meant the object, (33) .......... the
yet (34) ....-..... copying and reciting
""'' - -'::nting the names of railway - listing the countries on
stationr f:s) London and Holyhead. If you
lri "' a timetable from late in the- 1800s,'yo, (37) .......... see a greater
number of
cookerv and ,ood*ork.'(38)
',ll ,::.:'Hffi::[ffi:k' the teacher srill raught
( Ab ridged from www. news. bbc. co.uk )
-l
r t*read i ng
.,,.q activity
- ''' [/te description of victorian lessons
with your primary school experience.
- r)u like to have subjects rike
"
needrework, cookery and woodwork?
"': ,,r lty/why not.
:-t.ttctical subiects woultl you like
to incl,de into the printary school curriculum?

;hu"qrrp65;ions39-48,reodthetexfbe|ow.Usefhewordgivenincopiro,,o,,,"ffi
rhe spoce in rhe sqme fine. There-is
ffi; :il:,:Tlj$J' on exompte or rhe besinnine (oo).

-: >i recent approach to foreign ranguage teaching which

o"d as,he WIDE
;T1:XflT;:i:,fff COMMUNICATE
- !.) aqarnst the (11) . REACT
-'"
that coniciouslyiearning BELIEVE
*, of a language rvill
'iltrt&r resuit in an (12) ...... ...... to ABLE
.-; language. Although there are (43)
-' ;reate 'cornmunicative' experiences in
DIFFEREI\TCE
the L2classrooms,
. -:r'3 ar based on a view that the functions of
--:sr (i.e" rvhat it is usecl for) should be emphasized rather

85
ilrwe%ffiw
the forms of the language (i.e. correct (44) . ..... or phonological GRAMMAR
structure). This approach is characterrzed by lessons organtzed
around concepts such as "asking for things" in different (45) SOCIETY
contexts, rather than "the forms of the past tense" in different sentences.
It has also coincided with attempts to provide mor e (aQ APPROPRIACY
material for L2learning which has a specific purpose (".g. English
for (47) .... personnel or (a8) .... for business MEDICINE
people). JAPAN
(Adapted from George Yule: The study of languagel

Post-reading activity
Talk about some ways of learning foreign languages. Talk about the pros and cons of each
of them.
2 Talk about your way of learning foreign languages.
3 What skills are you good at? Thlk about your ways of improving your skills: listening, reading,
writing and speaking.

Reod the lext below ond fill in rhe gops (49-60) with lhe correct verb form or tense. There is on
exomple ot the beginning (OO).
Exomple (0Ol: is becoming

As the World Wide Web 00 .. ... (become) a new medium of information and as
people are getting used to (a9) .... (obtain) information electronically. U.S. colleges
and universities are pursuing a new means of instruction - virtual teaching. The demand for
online education (50) (gto*, also) out of a simple problem: there (51) .
(be, soon) too many students and not enough classrooms.
To teach on line takes a lot of time, but it's very rewarding to inspire students by (52)
rr-R- . (use) new tools. To students, the key benefit of virtual teaching is flexibility
and time. Students do not have (53) . .... (travel) to school, which (54) .
{it
ili
(mean) they save time as well as the cost for transportation, and they can study at any time
f
f,
{'
of the day. The on-line courses are not self-paced, however; students have to cover material
on a weekly basis. Students work with interactive CDs, while (55) . ..... (log) onto
their campus through the Internet in the comfort of their own home, and the teacher is able
to monitor students' progress. Dialogue between teacher and students is maintained in many
different ways.
1) Important course information and announcements (56) ...... (post) on a
teacher's web page. Students (57) . . . .. (t"quire) to view the web page on a

regular basis to be well informed.

2) Students can e-mail a message to their teacher at any time and may expect a reply
within a few hours.
A
'-*-*-"{) Hyper News Discussion Forum is another possible means of classroom commu-
;\
\ 86
./' ,,j
 I -: " ':' It is something like a web page with open
:' access to students. The teacher
(set) a topic foi Jurrroo* discussion
t."_-:::TfJtrrtr.ro and the students can
express their opinion or make a comment
on any orher

:'1iilng the new millenium, technology

is bringing advanced changes into
I llll
rrr I '- .
i:arninggivestheeducatoranotherpossible*uvittsql our
: students' It (60)

j
,ull
til ril

l
' .. (m"an, not) to replace the traditional
classroom
( Abridged
from Intentet resources)

'T,* 1n-*t ad ing activity

rlil
like to try
' "'|tt'tt like to see virtuar rearning? Exprain why/why not.
the traditional clasiroom setting replaced? Talk qbout
it or highlight its signfficance.
_it,trtge your ideas of
':''ltr virtual learning benefi rtifferent groups of learners in slovakia? Explain.
,I
'-

liullk poirs obouf fhe sentences wriflen

j
ir/rn
befow: .-$
. ;arners' errors should be corrected
as soon as they are made in order
: ,:nation of bad habits. to prevent the
- T;ichers should use materials that
expose students only to language
.:-\-have already been taught. structures which
' Srldents learn what they are taught.

i"t: -;: '.

I I :: :..,+

ffit"''i'lf e o composition (220-250 words)

obouf the school of the fufur.. Fo.u, or*
rhe role of a teachet
rnformation communication technologies,
and social life at school.
{
.-';
t --
= a.: . :: r,.,,:'
:,"t.
::

;isten to the interview with Dr wiggins qnd

comprete fhe foilowing senrences (6r
that the most important thing the pupils -ffJi.
u,'ill learn is how to in schoors of the future
. (1 word)

87
'i
I r : --
.tJacademicrecord.
fi:'ffi
S l: ll
:: nsors among potential employers.
d ,"','

, +--.
i-l I
,qsxrlll

I rl|rilil| l:l
l:., crsitv charter"
'I : -
: ::- population diversity in France.
_r-,:_
-.. -: : :J\ been successfully implemented.
companres to give jobs to qualified
non_whites.
;S & partnership between companies
and elite schools.

,lfir'6s;;*'lv ad in g activity
,"
.:: ;ob discrimination is.
' _. rr //I' people are subject to job discrimination.
""':'l o.f jobs are not availabre to Musrims
in France.
:':r- sitttcttion in job discrimination
in France with that in srovakia.

I t..tt

lllllliltrrrrulu 1,f.r'e f ext' Use the word given in copitols of rhe

end of some rines to form . *o.d ,h* fi-n
ltlllllitmp ,iinm*c e 22-30) in rhe some rine. Theie is qn exompre
r--- or
-- rhe beginning [vvr.
"'Y Yvvrrrrrllrg (oo).
iiiiunmonnrnup,i,e 0O): ming

prlll
1 1rll"1lll q, f . f,,Ul g !

of (00)=
,:go. a friend
. had a job interview.
';' .:n she was asked her previous occupation, she MY
* l5er' was not a listed job, was told
*- - . appropriate. and that (22) HOUSE
So when I went for an interview last
-;adr- for them. Asked week,
for my prior (23) .
" : ::.lt I was a research ee.t........::...... in the field OCCUPY
" *;\ elopment and human (25)
_
of
.
ASSOCIATION
- rtrld them that I had undertaken (26) . RELATIVE
- :: iield, both .. research EXTEND
indoors and outdoors,'and that I had received
. -r-'dits - my children!
i added that I often worked (27) .
14 hours and DAY
- :: \\'as (28) . . . challenging but very rewarding.
- :';t I have b:."1 doing the job that EXTREME
is vilal to (2g) .
,.rt of mother," I finished. MAN
I scored a point for all those
' ::: :1 I :::l tri*Jiti;ilti"
(Adapted from Sttsan Mclntyre, Goole,
VALUE
East yorkshire. Woman's Own, 28
March 2005, p. 50)

97
r
"
t ,, rmez

lives more openly, unlike their parents or grandparents (18) . .. was temporar
and so were content to express their faith in private. Their children view Europe as th:r-
home and see no reason not to worship more publicly.
(Adapted from Time Dec. 24, 2001, p. 46---

A that of their Christian neighbours

B who thought their sojourn in Europe
C than the Moslims of previous generations
D when the survey was last conducted
E who were born and bred in Europe
F who want to make their voices heard
G while livine in a different world

Reod the text below ond fill in the gops (19-33) with lhe correcl verb form or fense. There is on
exomple ot the beginning (00).

r
L
Exomple (OO): fqncied

When love comes calling

Ally Marshall,23, a public relations consultant,lives in an apartment block in Leeds. She go:
together with her boyfriend, salesman Ant Mackie, 26, who lives in the flat below' after
chatting over the balcony.
t\ I (00) (fancy) Ant for months after I moved into my flat. He's really cute
looking and shy. We'd see each other in the lifts, but after a first smile, we'd both just stand there
(19) . . (look) at our feet. All my friends teased me about 'him downstairs'.

r 'In September 2004, I (20) .... (har,'e) a drink with my flatmate on our
balcony, and Ant was having a party below. Being cheeky, I called out to him (21)
(keep) the music down, and Ant and I started bantering between our balconies. The next
evening, we bumped into each other in town and (22) .
evening chatting. I thought he (23) .
.... (spend) the whole
. (be) lovely, and we had the same sense of

r-
i

humour, but I was worried that it all seemed too easy, falling for the boy in the same block.
I was also anxious about bumping into him every day if it all (24) . . (go) pear-
shaped.
Our first date was a weird role reversal - I went downstairs (25)
(pick) him up, and had to hang around watching him (26) . ... (get) ready. It
seemed silly to meet him in a bar when we lived so close . We (21) .... (be)
together ever since and are very much in love. When we're in our own flats, I can hear him
(28) . . (sing) in the shower. Trouble is, Ant (29) . . (move) out of
his flat soon. It (30) .. (be) strange having to travel to see each other.'
Ant says, 'We'll only be a five-minute drive away when I (31) .... (move).
Every week that goes by we just get stronger as a couple. We very rarely have arguments,

t08
 m: I r32) sit, once) in mv flar (33)
r: :;rs and ;;; *;;;;; ;;;;JH:r'

Post-reading activity
Tdt ry it b yBut_elq.s ;ut_qt q
r*g ut
v e at first sight. Note down
Io
:: Lttld then comment on it. -g:
how many people believe in
: li'ltat do you consider to be a romantic
way of meeting a future partner?
' Do ltou believe that people can meet their
future loveiny*hrre? Explain your opinion.

Forquestions34.46,reodthetexfbe|ow.Usethewordgivenincopirot,o,,nffi
word thqt fits in rhe sPoce in rhe some line. There-is
ftorm o
on exomple qt the beginning (oo).
Exomple (OO): Relorionships

""""'
{'r) between men and women work despite overwhelming
':'r (34) . Much of the credit here goes to women
RELATE
:"-\'have the (35) because DIFFERENT
.. skills to manage relationships and
:.milv. They're equipped with the (36) NECESSITY
.. to sense the ABLE
:,--rtives and meanings behind (37) .
:id can therefore predict (39) SPEAK
:', e ft problems. This factor (39) . COME OTJT
.. would make the world LONELY
: firuch safer place if every nation,s (40)
. ..... was a woman. LEAD
are equipped to hunt and chase lunch, find
l;-fen their way home,
-"re-gaze and procreate. They need to learn
new ways of modern
11) . just like women do.
ST]RVIVE
R.elationships become (42) .
.. when men and women ROCK
:aii to acknowledge they are (43)
.. different and when BIOLOGICAL
-ach expects the other to live up to their (44) .
.... . Much of EXPECT
:he stress comes from the false (45)
... that men and BELIEVE
'.x,
omen are now the same and have the sam
e @6) . . . . . ., PRIORITISE
irives and desires.
(Adapted from A' and B. Pease: why
men don't listen and women can,t reacl
maps)

Post-reading activity
Talk about tlte opinion that men want power
and achievement and women want
relationships, stabitity ancl love.
: what do you think about the
fact that although boys and girls are educated in
an identical way' they are different to each
other in every ilor, shape and
Talk about the above articre and express your form? Explain.
opinion.

r09
 tiiliili - -: ::a envlfonment
..

liililt lt
- _::. _: e fforts are made
;ir,'liiiiilir , . : *D paling the price
illlllt mr -: .:s of energy

lil. :htrtk about the problem describecl in the article? Do you agree?
lllr"r,,,
"e of the activists who want to save our Earth? Do they really do
what they
llllI

' :ltink about the protests of environmental activists in general?

1lr1

w,c
", :ltink is needed to hetp our planet?

*:
..,,,,ff'1"^1.{,i/ ege in USe
qrlrrril f,|'dg$r'ri'c n5 I 3-22, reqd the text below. Use the word given in copitols ot the end
of eoch line
imllllr nutrfil5't e *'ord thotfits in rhe sPoce in the some line. Therl i, on exomple ot the beginning (OO).
r&ltrrililtnrr'l,xrn,,{s 0Oi : ongoing

"'r"lli

rilnl
- - -' ) ' '... . environment has an impact and worries NAT1RE
llll" - -:ri is a national problem with arsenic-contaminated
... water that's being drawn up from the DRINK
g-, (i;j :::: ::li:
' ' .t o 11'pic?I (17)
:il ::'L::,1;f"li:Jlf
of the problems of a relatively
frl"i:g,adesh l:iit rBLE
MANIFEST
i- - :. but very (18) . .\.... populated country with DENSE
r"' " - ', contaminated surface water as a (19) ..... coNSEeuENT
.i:.on pressure and (20) .. . So having to seek POOR
*:.-es of fresh water, they now find that they,re inducing
: .. ".. poisoning in much of that
ARSEN
. .. because of the source of the water that they'r,e popuLATtrD
. :'IO.
( A b r i tl ge d .fr o m w ww. fin cl a rti c I es. co m )

r -rr-i t-reading activity

-: .rbottt thesituation in Bangladesh ancl comntent ort it.
,,: ,ther problents do people face in the workl?
'" (otl developed countries help those
who are in need?
;: problems do people in slovakia face? Tatk nbotft thent.

Nt7
 Reod the following orficle obout youth culture in Britoin. Use the word given in copitols c" i.to'r*

rch line fo form o word rhor firs in the gops (20-30) in rhe some line. There is ond ex
reginning (OO).
nple (OO): impossible
-

r
It is almost (00) to keep up with the trends among
.. POSSIBL
British young people. A peculiar (20) .. of (relative) MIX '

r
economic freedom and the hangover from a (21) PERMISS-
society. together with the breakdown of family, (22) . RELIGIO]
and institutional ties has given Britain one of the mostbrzarcely
varied youth cultures in the world - at least to foreign eyes.

Perhaps it is as a reaction against a social environment which in

the past has been (23) . rigid and unemotional, EXCESS
or a political world still dominated by an elite from 'Oxbridge'
the top public school - (24) .. have never managed SOCIOLOC

I
to agree on the causes. But the fact remains that Britain seems to
offer a more heterogeneous (25) . than many STYLE
(26) . countries, and the combination of student WEST
grants and income (27) .. (now gradually SUPPORTI\
being cut off for most young people) have made it possible for
Britain's youth to leave home at an early age and enjoy a relatively
(28) . ife before they settle down with CARE
1 a regular job, a mortgage and a steady girlfriendlboyfriend.

Of course, the media exaggerate the real situation - (29)

is not to be judged by its extreme characteristics - and most British SOCIAL
young people lead their lives in a similar fashion to other Western
(30) . ......., with similar problems to those in the rest of EUROPE
the (31)... .....wor\d. DEVELOPME\ -
(Adapted front Young People in Rritain, Life and Cttlture in the English Speoking World, y'

Fost-reading activity
fl
1 State the causes of the bizurreness of British youth culture.
2 Salt why the lifestyle in, Britain is more heterogeneoLts than in the rest of Europe.
__
al
3 What makes it possible for young people in Britain to become independent at on early ag,
4 Say how the situcrtion of 1,"oung people in Slovakia differs from that of young people in
Britain.

17a
 -.qffi8
ifiecd the following orticle obout Kelly who discovered rhor her mother hod o secret problem.
linoose one of the ohernolives (A, B, C or D) to fill in rhe gops (32-50). There is on exomple ot
; "tm'e beginning (00).

le c't :lxomple (OO): A

::-\\' up in Los Angeles, California, with mom, dad, older sister, Katie and (00)
: ; r. Glenna.
\Ve always seem ed (32) . . .. the perfect family: My mom was a lawyer and my dad

',, , :ked in TY so we lived in a nice three-bedroom house and went to good private schools.
: -i it wasn't just surface-y things - we were also really (33) .... Every weekend we'd all
. surfing together at the beach. And I felt like I could talk to Mom and Dad about anything.
'r as (34) . . .. to me how much they loved each other
- they'd always hug each other
,*J go out on 'dates' every Friday night. A lot of my friends' parents were divorced, so I felt
:5 ) . . . . that my family was so happy.

Around 7995, when I was 8, Mom started working much later than she (36)
-:ill eight at night. When she got home, she'd be (37) .... to talk to my sisters and me,
-it then after we went to bed, we'd hear her (38) .... with Dad. We couldn't tell what
:ey were saying, but they'd never really fought before, so it scared us and (39) .... us
,i onder: Were they getting divorced? Glenna and I started crawling into Katie's bed during
:;le fights. "Don't worry," Katie would say to reassure us. "They'll make (a0)
I ivanted to believe her, but (a1) got worse. Instead of surfing with us on the
,,r eekends,
Mom started sleeping almost all day long.
(42) . ... I missed spending time with her, one good thing was that she still took me
end my sisters grocery shopping every weekend. One day I noticed her (43) .. . . a few
:ottles of wine into our shopping cart - and sticking them under other groceries so my sisters
rnd I wouldn't see. I wanted to ask her why she (44) .. . . so many bottles, but (a5)
was hiding them, I felt like I (46) . ... supposed to keep quiet. Then a few weeks later,
'he
I was looking (47) . . .. something underneath the couch and found one of the bottles
- but
It was empty. I suddenly got a nervous feeling, because if she was hiding it, then maybe she
u'asn't supposed (48) .... it. But I felt like I had to keep her secret - she was my mom, so
I had (49) ' ' " that she didn't want anYone to know'
(Adapted from seventeen sept, 2005,p. r35)

(00) A younger B the youngest C young D youngster

(32) A like B likewise Cas D than
(33) A nearer B near C closer D close
(34) A extraordinary B remarkable C obvious D strange
(35) A luckier B luckily C lucky D luckiest
(36) A was B had been C would be D were
(37) A tired too B so tired C tired enough D too tired
(38) A fight B fighting C to fight D have fought
(39) A made B did C let D allowed
(40) A out Bup C off D for
(4I) A things B stuff C happenings D events
 1fr|hH@,'dthefo||owingortic|eoboutKe||ywhodiscoveredfhorhermofh.,noffi
(A, B, c or D) to fill in rhe
€'lf'll(c #offi,:ffiillj.olternotives sops (32-so). There is on exompte or
C Ant
irxn,'npfe (OO): A

-
-
- ,;, up in Los Angeles,, California, with mom.
dad, older sister, Katie and (00)..........
- . Glenna.
always seem ed (32)
\\-e .... the perfect family: My mom was a lawyer
' r':d in T! so we lived in a nice three-tedroom and my dad
house and went to good;;;;;r.t ootr.
:: - ': tt'asn't just surface-y things
- we wer? also really (33) . ... EnEry weekendwe,d all
- : *rflng together at the beach. And I felt like I couli tark to Mom and Dad about anything.
'' "s (34) " " to me how much they loved each other they'd.
'-'* Po out on 'dates' every trriday night. A lot - atways hug srrh other
:i, . ... thlt my family was so of my friends' parents were divorced,
so I felt
happy.
Around 7995', when I was 8, M;m started
-:iil eight at night. When she got home, she,d beworking much later than she (36)
(37)._.......
-.i then after we went to bed, to talk to my sisters and me,
we,d hear her (3S) .......... with Dad.
:"e'were saying' but they'd.never really We couldn,t tell what
fought before, so it scared us and (39)
''"rnder: were they getting divorced? Gienna .... us
and I started crawling into Katie,s bed
':ie fights' "Don't worry,'i Katie would say during
to reassure us.,,They,ll make (a0)
I *'anted to believe her, but (a1) .,,
-. got worse. Instead of surfing with us on the
'r eekends, Mom started sleeping
almost all day long.
(42) " " I missed spending time with her, J.r" good thing was that she
-rnd my sisters grocery stropping stll took me
weekend. one Jay t noticed her (43)
oottles of wine into our shopping "u-"ry .. . . a few
cart -"rd
and I wouldn'r see. I wanted io i;;kt";il;under
g1f< her why she (aa!
other groceries so my sisrers
.. . . so many bottles, but (a5)
she was hiding them' I felt like
l (46)" '....... supposed to keep quiet. Then
I was looking (47) ' a few weeks rater,
'" something underneath the couch and found one
it was empty' I suddenly got a nervous of the bottles - but
feeling, because if she was hiding
rvasn't supposed (48) it, then maybe she
"'. it. But I felt like I had to keep
-- her secret Itre
I had (49) ' "' that she didn't want anyone to know' - was my mom, so
,o*r*d from seventeen Sept, 2005, p. r35)
(00) A younger B the youngest C young
(32) A tike B likewise
D youngster
Cas
(33) A nearer B near
D than
C closer
(34) A extraordinary B remarkable
D close
C obvious
(35) A luckier B luckily
D strange
C lucky
(36) A was B had been
D luckiest
C would be
(37) A rired too B so tired C tired enough
D were
(38) A fight B fighting C to tight
D too tired
(39) A made B did C let
D have fought
(40) A out Bup
D allowed
C off
(41) A things B stuff C happenings
D for
D events
il,lif
(42) A Despite B However C Although D Never: -
(43) A having put B to put C put D puttin =
(44) A bought B was buying C would buy D is bur,:.
(4s) A since B in spite of C therefore D also
(46) A was B have been Cam D was bc.:
(47) Aat B ior C after D into
(48) Atodo B to be done C to be doing D to har. -
(4e) A respect B respected C to respect D been r. ,:-

Post-reading activity
1 Define the problem in Kelly's family.
2 How did Kelly's mother's behaviour change their famity tife?
3 How can such a situation in the famity influence the life of a young person?
4 How do you think children can cope with these kinds of situations in their fantil.
5 Kelly's story is unfinished. Predict what might have happened next.

Reod fhe text oboul o teen mom. Filt in the gops (50-59) with o correct verb tense or ve,,:
use the verbs in brockets. There is on exomple ot fhe beginning (oo).
F_ Exomple (00): gqve

On February 13,2005, Sheena, then 16, (00) ... (give) birth ro a baby boi .
Sheena says she "can't imagine life without him," but she admits that (50) .
.

(have) a baby is a lot tougher than she ever expecred. Although she (51)
(babysit) her nephew since he was born, she had no idea how much diapers
and clo,,-. ,Iiri

Joseph now works at a golf course, but he makes only $7 an hour not enough (52
(support) them. And as her grandmother feared, Sheena had to drop out of
- )

scho,
t-
llrlll

for her son and nephew, so now she has little hope of getting a well-piying job som: _

I
11l

and Joseph are surviving by moving between her sister's and friends' homes, and
r= lIl

them for food. Sheena (53) . (know) that moving around so much \, . ' tiiillil1

was a child wasn't good for her - but (54) . . (force, already) to starr : -- utiltiltl

cycle with Dakota.

Sheena's not alone: A lot of her friends and young relatives are moms too. ,,S.:
.
I think we (55) .. (put' just) on this earth to have kids," she explains. A:-
how many teens who intentionally get pregnant feel like it's the only way to fur-
-
potential. But that usually ends up backfiring: "I just (56) .
,:liiIr

(not rea,,. . rllll\\

hard it was going to be until after I had him," Sheena says. ,,r (s7) .. (.-_
anything - all our money goes to the baby." And that means (58) .. ti:
stable home for her family remains a far-off dream. "I just want us to have our own
:-
a place where, when somebody gets mad at me, they (59) . (tell, not ) : :
I have to leave'"
(Adaptecr front seventeen, sept. )r, ,

r72
 ffi:ffiE.
'iir, "io people organize the table in a special way?
, 'il',, '', :: tre the table settings in your family? Who makes them?
:tttportant are table settings to you? Explain.

'lr'i|cr 37-48, reod the text below. Use the word given in copitols ot the end of eoch line to
q'uresfions
irlulnm o word thot fits in fhe sPqce in the sqme line. There is on exomple of the beginning (OO).
iillmom ple (00]: heolthy

, ,-.u need to be (00) . is a well-balanced diet. HEALTH

. : :::: ::::
: l,?: :?'.I:il;*.,-il ffi;X,T"r'{iried ENERGETIC
n ,.,. .. oxygen to exercising muscles and helps prevent DELIVERY
... fatisue. USUAL
, , tu'r€ a vegetarian, plant sources of iron are (40) POOR
- s,rrbed, so you'll need to double your iron (4I) .
- TAKE IN
! " ,rst absorption by adding high-vitamin c foods such as broccoli,
:rnges, strawberries, or spinach to your meals. Have coffee or tea,
';:ich can (42)
... with iron absorption, only between meals. INTE,RF'ERENCE

-: r'our nails crack, peel, break and split, the (43) DERMATOLOGY
:.commend (44) . of the B vitamin biotin. SUPPLE
r,\-hen you get migraine
headache, it hurts and you need megadoses
-'f riboflavin. Patients who take 400 mg/day have a 50o/o decrease in
.ither the frequency, duration, and/or (45) . ..... of migraines. SEVERE
\\'ithout the sun's vitamin D, the bones could go soft. (46). I{ORMAL
the sun hits our skin and creates one form of vitamin D that must be
absorbed by the intestines, then worked over by the liver to create
rhe kind our bones can (47) . use. Getting older means ACTUAL
skin, gut, and liver all work less well, so vitamin Dis often
(18). ADEQUATE
Vitamin and mineral supplements help keep your bones, brain, and heart well-protected.
(Abridged from British magazines)

Post-reading activity
1 When do dermatologists recommend the B vitamin biotin? Explain.
2 Do you take artificial vitamins? Explain why/why not.
3 How often do you take vitamins in their natural form ancl which products do you usually eat?

r8l
 tt" sops (32-sl ) wirh rhe correct verb form or rense. n-..
:ffiit|lJilHiJjf .tn
r,
", "r"-rr"
Exomple (OO): wos

It (00) """ (be) a sunny day in the popular Egyprian resorr of Sharm el-Sheikh and,
like many other, Julie, her husband peter and their
.hildr"r, (32) ...... (have) a great
time. It was 23 July Z005,the family had spent
the day (33) .......... . (relax) by rhe pool.
That night, the oldest son Matthew decided (3+S
new friends' while the rest
...... (head) to local bars with
the family opted for an early night. But not
(35) """ -of long after they
""" (nod o?, a huge explosion shook their dad awake. His
(36) (b") for rris ctritoien. Luckily, the youngesr three firsr thoughts
Matthew (37) """ were fine, but
.. (not, come) back from his nigtrt our. They just
(38) ...... (be) oK. hoped he

Dressing their children, Julie and Peter hurried

down to reception. To their horror, the front
of the building (39) .'.... (colrapse). Already, eye witnesses (a0)
a man had driven a van into the front of .... (explain)
the hotel, irr"n detonated a bomb. It was clear
several people (41) """ (kill) or injured. Then it started to sink in that there
a terrorist attack. Most of the guests (42) had been
Peter' who (43) """
""..... (usher) onto a nearby fotball pitch, but
(tiain) in fiist aid,, stayed tehind to help. Julie started
and asked if Matthew (44) panicking
(b") wiitr the young people peter had treated.
Eventually, they found out that Matthew's body
f+sl ..-...:... (track down) to a mortuary.
He'd been identified by the description they (4-6)'....'..
.. (give) to the authorities, and by
the distinctive T-shirt and wristUanO he (7)
.... (wear).

The inquest into his death (48) ...... (reveal) he'd been near the poor when a
drove into the glass frontage. Matthew and man
his friends ran (4g) ...... (help) the driver,
but as they got close to the vehicle, he detonated
the 300 kilo bomb. That, along with two
other nearby explosions, killed gg people.

'Itwas just like Matthew to help someone he thought (50)

Unfortunately it (51) (be) in trouble.
.. (cost) him his life,, sayJJulie.
(Adapted from Real people, t3 April2006, p.
aS-49)

Post-reading activity
1 Retell the story using your own words.
2 what would you think people who kilted others
3 Do yor't think that Matthew died a heroic death? deserve?

235
 .:.!:t::,:i:r:\.::r:ri|r!!.:ianEia?:4a2*41=t1;4+_.::E:r/,F;ttAy@.r|.2:

Indian rribes were successfur in preserving their

till l:*"
(12) The main quest of Native Americans is not be ......
for being different.
(rJ) r ney want to run their own
/-1 -\
'hr

(14) Determination of their own was the key issue in Indians, struggle for rights.
(15) The main goal of taking Indian children from their
parents was to them.

Post-reading activity
1 Which rights did Native Americans fight for?
2 which rights do you consider most"tiportort for nationalities living in another country?
3 Make a project about Native Americans: histiry and present.

Forquestions|6-27,reodthetextbe|ow.Use|hewordgivenincopirot,o,,nffi
form q word rhor fits in fhe sPoce in fhe some tine.
There is on exqmple ot rhe beginning (oo1.
Exomple (00): Englishness

In (00) .. Identified, author paul Langford admits

ENGLISH
stereotypes of the English have often contradicted
9u' each other.
The island race has been seen as alternately razy
and (16) INDUSTRY
honest and (17) .., polite and uncouth, taciturn and
bombastic. He insists that between the mid-17th
HYPOCRACY
and mid-19th centuries,
these characterizations fell into (1g) .
patrerns. The DISTICTION
themes he identifies are energy, candour. (19)
...... DECENT
taciturnity, reserve, and (20) . . He does not go so far
as to say that the themes reflected actual traits
ECCENTRIC
(21) . PRESENCE
in the English population.

He has assembled a large database of (22)

of the English, DESCRIBE
above all by (23) . . ., analysed it and found
his six common themes. He has further divided
FOREIGN
each (24) . THEMATIC
intofourtosevensub-themeS,sothatcandour,for(25)
is broken down into (26) .
INSTANT
.., openness, separateness, PLAIN
domesticity, (27) and humbue. HONEST

Post-reading activity
1 What do you imagine if someone uses the expression
2 How would you exprain the expression srovakness? Engtishness?

243