Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kekuatan Mengikat Putusan Constitutional
Kekuatan Mengikat Putusan Constitutional
$0$+
.2167,786,7(5+$'$30$+.$0$+$*81*
5LDQ9DQ)ULWV.DSLWDQ
3URJUDP3DVFDVDUMDQD8QLYHUVLWDV1XVD&HQGDQD
-O$GL6XFLSWR3HQIXL.RWD.XSDQJ
HPDLOU\DQNDSLWDQ#\PDLOFRP
$EVWUDFW
7KH([LVWHQFHRI6XSUHPH&RXUWUXOLQJWKDWSXQLVKHVGU%DPEDQJVXSUDSWR6S06XUJXVLQJDUWLFOH
RI ODZ QR RI RQ PHGLFDO SUDFWLFHV WKDW KDG SUHYLRXVO\ EHHQ FDQFHOOHG E\ WKH
&RQVWLWXWLRQDO &RXUW LWVHOI KDV SURYHG WKDW WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW KDV UXOHG FRQVWLWXWLRQDO WKH
FRQVWLWXWLRQDOFRXUW
VGHFLVLRQ7KLVSDSHUDWWHPSWVWRMXVWLI\WKDWE\UHDVRQRIDQ\&RQVWLWXWLRQDO
&RXUWVWLOOKDVELQGLQJIRUFHIRUWKH6XSUHPH&RXUW,WLVEDVHGRQIRXUSHUVSHFWLYHVQDPHO\
+LVWRULFDOSHUVSHFWLYH3HUVSHFWLYHSURWHFWHGREMHFW3HUVSHFWLYHIXQFWLRQDO$QGQRUPDWLYH
SHUVSHFWLY
.H\ZRUGV%LQGLQJ)RUFH&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ&RQVWLWXWLRQDO&RXUW6XSUHPH&RXUW
$EVWUDN
$GDQ\D SXWXVDQ 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ \DQJ PHQJKXNXP GU %DPEDQJ 6XSUDSWR 6S06XUJ
PHQJXQDNDQ3DVDO8QGDQJ8QGDQJ1RPRU7DKXQWHQWDQJ3UDNWHN.HGRNWHUDQ\DQJ
VHEHOXPQ\D WHODK GLEDWDONDQ ROHK 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL GHQJDQ VHQGLULQ\D WHODK PHPEXNWLNDQ
EDKZD 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ WHODK PHQJHVDPSLQJNDQ SXWXVDQ FRQVWLWXWLRQDO UHYLHZ 0DKNDPDK
.RQVWLWXVL 7XOLVDQ LQL PHQFRED XQWXN PHQMXVWL¿NDVL EDKZD GHQJDQ DODVDQ DSDSXQ SXWXVDQ
FRQVWLWXWLRQDOUHYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVLWHWDSPHPSXQ\DLNHNXDWDQPHQJLNDWEDJL0DKNDPDK
$JXQJ+DOLQLGLGDVDUNDQDWDVHPSDWSHUVSHNWLI\DLWXSHUVSHNWLIKLVWRULVSHUVSHNWLIREMHN
\DQJGLOLQGXQJLSHUVSHNWLIIXQJVLRQDOGDQSHUVSHNWLIQRUPDWLI
.DWD.XQFL.HNXDWDQ0HQJLNDW&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL0DKNDPDK
$JXQJ
$3HQGDKXOXDQ SHPLOLKDQXPXP
/DWDU%HODNDQJ %HUGDVDUNDQ 3DVDO & $\DW
6HFDUD NRQVWLWXVLRQDO NHZHQDQJDQ 88'15,WHUVHEXWGDSDWGLOLKDWEDKZD
0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL ,QGRQHVLD PHQJHQDL NHZHQDQJDQXQWXNPHODNXNDQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO
FRQVWLWXWLRQDOUHYLHZGLDWXUGDODP3DVDO& UHYLHZGLWHJDVNDQSDGDSRLQSHUWDPD+DOLQL
$\DW 88'15, 7DKXQ \DQJ VHFDUD PHQJDQGXQJ DUWL EDKZD NHZHQDQJDQ
WHJDV GLWHQWXNDQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL \DQJ SDOLQJ XWDPD
EHUZHQDQJ GDQ SXWXVDQQ\D EHUVLIDW ¿QDO LDODKPHODNXNDQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOUHYLHZ
XQWXN PHQJXML 8QGDQJXQGDQJ WHUKDGDS 7HUGDSDWVDWXKDOLVWLPHZDGDULOHPEDJD
8QGDQJ8QGDQJ 'DVDU PHPXWXV VHQJNHWD LQL \DLWX SXWXVDQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL
NHZHQDQJDQ DQWDU OHPEDJD QHJDUD \DQJ PHPSXQ\DL VLIDW ¿QDO GDQ PHQJLNDW
NHZHQDQJDQQ\D GLEHULNDQ ROHK 8QGDQJ 'LNDWDNDQ ¿QDO NDUHQD WHUKDGDS SXWXVDQ
8QGDQJ 'DVDU PHPXWXV SHPEXEDUDQ SDUWDL WHUVHEXW WLGDN GDSDW ODJL GLODNXNDQ XSD\D
SROLWLN GDQ PHPXWXV SHUVHOLVLKDQ KDVLO KXNXP GDQ GLNDWDNDQ PHQJLNDW NDUHQD
6HEDJLDQEHVDULVLGDULWXOLVDQLQLPHUXSDNDQ7HVLVSHQXOLVSDGD3URJUDP3DVFDVDUMDQD3URJUDP6WXGL,OPX+XNXP8QLYHUVLWDV
1XVD&HGDQD.XSDQJ7DKXQ\DQJEHUMXGXO³.HNXDWDQ0HQJLNDW3XWXVDQ&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
7HUKDGDS0DKNDPDK$JXQJ´
/LKDW3DVDO&$\DW88'15,7DKXQ
00+-LOLG1R2NWREHU
KWWSQHZVGHWLNFRPUHDGNDVXVGUEDPEDQJPDQWDQNHWXDPNHPDQJQ\DDUWLGMRSDVWL
EDLNGLDNVHVSDGDWDQJJDO0DUHW
5LDQ9DQ)ULWV.DSLWDQ.HNXDWDQ0HQJLNDW3XWXVDQ&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
SHUWDPD WHUVHEXW VHMDODQ GHQJDQ DSD \DQJ E *DJDVDQ &RQVWLWXWLRQDO 5HYLHZ GDQ
GLNHPXNDNDQ ROHK 5 6XEHNWL %HOLDX 3HOHPEDJDDQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL
PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ GL,QGRQHVLD
VHEDJDL SHQJDGLODQ 7HUWLQJJL PHUXSDNDQ 6HFDUD XPXP NRQVHS FRQVWLWXWLRQDO
SHQJDGLODQ .$6$6,\DQJWXJDVQ\DDGDODK UHYLHZ PHQJHPXND GDUL NRQVHS MXGLFLDO
PHPELQD NHVHUDJDPDQ GDODP SHQHUDSDQ UHYLHZGL$PHULND6HULNDW:DODXSXQVHNLODV
KXNXPGDQPHQMDJDDJDUVHPXDKXNXPGDQ NHGXDQ\DWDPSDNPHPLOLNLNHVDPDDQQDPXQ
XQGDQJXQGDQJ GL VHOXUXK ZLOD\DK 1HJDUD WHUGDSDW SHUEHGDDQ &RQVWLWXVLRQDO UHYLHZ
GLWHUDSNDQVHFDUDWHSDWGDQDGLO LDODKSHQJXMLDQQRUPDKXNXPWHUKDGDS88'
%LDVDQ\D SHQJXMLDQ WHUVHEXW VHODLQ GDSDW
. H G X G X N D Q G D Q . H Z H Q D Q J D Q GLODNXNDQROHKOHPEDJDSHUDGLODQGDSDWMXJD
0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL 0HQXUXW GLODNXNDQROHKOHPEDJDODLQ
88'15,7DKXQ .HPXGLDQ MLNDODX EHUELFDUD PHQJHQDL
%HUGDVDUNDQ3DVDO$\DW88'15, MXGLFLDO UHYLHZ PDND \DQJ WHUEHVLW GLEHQDN
7DKXQNHNXDVDDQNHKDNLPDQPHUXSDNDQ RUDQJ SDVWLODK SHQJXMLDQ QRUPD KXNXP
N H N X D V D D Q \ D Q J P H U G H N D X Q W X N WHUKDGDS 88' ROHK OHPEDJD SHUDGLODQ
P H Q \ H O H Q J J D U D N D Q S H U D G L O D Q J X Q D .RQVHS \DQJ VHSHUWL LQL MHODV WLGDN VDODK
PHQHJDNDQKXNXPGDQNHDGLODQ.HNXDVDDQ VHEDE MXGLFLDO UHYLHZ PHPDQJ SHQJXMLDQ
NHKDNLPDQ GLODNVDQDNDQ ROHK 0DKNDPDK QRUPD KXNXP WHUKDGDS 88' ROHK OHPEDJD
$JXQJGDQEDGDQSHUDGLODQGLEDZDKQ\DGDQ SHUDGLODQ.DODXGHPLNLDQMDZDEDQQ\DPDND
ROHKVHEXDK0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL3DVDO DSDEHGDQ\DGHQJDQ FRQVWLWXVLRQDOUHYLHZ"
$\DW 88'15, 7DKXQ 'HQJDQ %HGDQ\D LDODK MXGLFLDO UHYLHZ KDQ\DODK
GHPLNLDQ NHGXGXNDQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL GLODNXNDQROHKOHPEDJDSHUDGLODQGDQEXNDQ
GDODP88'15,7DKXQDGDODKVHEDJDL R O H K O H P E D J D O D L Q V H S H U W L O D \ D N Q \ D
VDODKVDWXSHODNXNHNXDVDDQNHKDNLPDQ\DQJ FRQVWLWXVLRQDOUHYLHZ/DOX MXGLFLDOUHYLHZ
VHMDMDU NHGXGXNDQQ\D GHQJDQ 0DKNDPDK MXJD OHELK OXDV FDNXSDQQ\D NDUHQD VHODLQ
$JXQJ PHQJXML QRUPD KXNXP WHUKDGDS 88' MXJD
6 H O D Q M X W Q \ D N H Z H Q D Q J D Q 0 D K N D P D K PHQJXML SHUWHQWDQJDQ DQWDUD QRUPD KXNXP
.RQVWLWXVLGLWHJDVNDQGDODP3DVDO&$\DW \DQJ WHUVHEDU GL EHUEDJDL SHUDWXUDQ
88'15, 7DKXQ KDVLO DPDQGHPHQ SHUXQGDQJXQGDQJDQ GL EDZDK 88'
\DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD ³0DKNDPDK &RQWRKQ\D0DKNDPDK$JXQJ,QGRQHVLD\DQJ
.RQVWLWXVLEHUZHQDQJPHQJDGLOLSDGDWLQJNDW EHUZHQDQJ PHQJXML 3HUDWXUDQ SHUXQGDQJ
SHUWDPDGDQWHUDNKLU\DQJSXWXVDQQ\DEHUVLIDW XQGDQJDQGLEDZDK8QGDQJXQGDQJWHUKDGDS
¿QDOXQWXNPHQJXMLXQGDQJXQGDQJWHUKDGDS 8QGDQJXQGDQJ
8QGDQJ8QGDQJ 'DVDU PHPXWXV VHQJNHWD 0HQGXNXQJ DUJXPHQWDVL GL DWDV PDND
N H Z H Q D Q J D Q O H P E D J D Q H J D U D \ D Q J SHQXOLV PHQJXWLS DSD \DQJ GLNDWDNDQ ROHK
NHZHQDQJDDQ\D GLEHULNDQ ROHK 8QGDQJ -LPO\$VVKLGGLTLHGDODP1L
PDWXO+XGDGDQ
8QGDQJ 'DVDU PHPXWXV SHPEXEDUDQ SDUWDL 1D]UL\DK EDKZD ,VWLODK ³&RQVWLWXWLRQDO
SROLWLN GDQ PHPXWXV SHUVHOLVLKDQ WHQWDQJ UHYLHZ´ DWDX SHQJXMLDQ NRQVWLWXVLRQDO KDUXV
KDVLOSHPLOLKDQXPXP´ GLEHGDNDQ GHQJDQ LVWLODK ³-XGLFLDO UHYLHZ´
.HZHQDQJDQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL 3HPEHGDDQ LWX GLODNXNDQ VHNXUDQJ
XQWXNPHODNXNDQSHQJXMLDQ XQGDQJXQGDQJ NXUDQJQ\D NDUHQD GXD DODVDQ 3HUWDPD
W H U K D G D S 8 8 ' W H U V H E X W V H E H Q D U Q \ D ³&RQVWLWXWLRQDOUHYLHZ´VHODLQGLODNXNDQROHK
PHUXSDNDQ NHZHQDQJDQ SDOLQJ XWDPD GDUL KDNLP GDSDW SXOD GLODNXNDQ ROHK OHPEDJD
0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL .HZHQDQJDQ LQL VHODLQ KDNLP DWDX SHQJDGLODQ WHUJDQWXQJ
GLVHEXW GHQJDQ LVWLODK ³&RQVWLWXWLRQDO NHSDGD OHPEDJD PDQD 88' PHPEHULNDQ
UHYLHZ´ NHZHQDQJDQ XQWXN PHODNXNDQQ\D .HGXD
GDODPNRQVHS³-XGLFLDOUHYLHZ´WHUNDLWSXOD
SHQJHUWLDQ\DQJOHELKOXDVREMHNQ\DPLVDOQ\D
56XEHNWL.HNXDVDDQ0DKNDPDK$JXQJ5,%DQGXQJ$OXPQLKOP
/LKDW0RK0DKIXG0'.RQVWLWXVL'DQ+XNXP'DODP.RQWURYHUVL,VX-DNDUWD5DMDZDOL3HUVKOP
00+-LOLG1R2NWREHU
1L
PDWXO+XGDGDQ1D]UL\DK7HRUL'DQ3HQJXMLDQ3HUDWXUDQ3HUXQGDQJ8QGDQJDQ%DQGXQJ1XVD0HGLD
KOP
LGKOP
/LKDW-DQHGMUL 0*DIIDU+XNXP3HPLOX'DODP<XULVSUXGHQVL0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL-DNDUWD.RQVWLWXVL
3UHVVKOP
LGKOP
5LDQ9DQ)ULWV.DSLWDQ.HNXDWDQ0HQJLNDW3XWXVDQ&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
7LWRQ6ODPHW.XUQLD0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL5HSXEOLN,QGRQHVLD6DQJ3HQMDJD+DPWKHJXDUGLDQRIKXPDQULJKWV
%DQGXQJ37$OXPQLKOP
6RHUMRQR6RHNDQWRGDQ6UL0DPXGML3HQHOLWLDQ+XNXP1RUPDWLI-DNDUWD375DMD*UD¿QGR3HUVDGDKOP
6DWMLSWR5DKDUGMR3HQHJDNDQ+XNXP3URJUHVLI-DNDUWD.RPSDVKOP!
0DUXDUDU6LDKDDQ+XNXP$FDUD0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL5HSXEOLN,QGRQHVLD-DNDUWD6LQDU*UD¿NKOP
00+-LOLG1R2NWREHU
5LDQ9DQ)ULWV.DSLWDQ.HNXDWDQ0HQJLNDW3XWXVDQ&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
3DGD VDDW UDSDW SHPEDKDVDQ SHUXEDKDQ GDQ PHPXWXV SHUVHOLVLKDQ WHQWDQJ KDVLO
88' GL '35 DZDOQ\D WHUGDSDW WLJD SHPLOLKDQXPXP´
DOWHUQDWLIOHPEDJD\DLWX035DWDX0$DWDX %HUGDVDUNDQ UXPXVDQNHZHQDQJDQGDUL
0. 3HPEHULDQ NHZHQDQJDQ NHSDGD 035 OHPEDJD LQL PDND MHODV EDKZD VHEHQDUQ\D
GLSDQGDQJ WLGDN ODJL UHOHYDQ NDUHQD 035 REMHNXWDPD\DQJGLOLQGXQJLROHK0DKNDPDK
WLGDN ODJL EHUNHGXGXNDQ VHEDJDL OHPEDJD LQLLDODK88'15,7DKXQROHKVHEDELWX
WHUWLQJJL VHUWD DQJJRWD 035 EXNDQ DKOL WLGDN DGD DODVDQ EDJL 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ
K X N X P G D Q . R Q V W L W X V L 3 H P E H U L D Q XQWXNWLGDNWXQGXNSDGDSXWXVDQ0DKNDPDK
NHZHQDQJDQNHSDGD0$MXJDWLGDNGLVHSDNDWL .RQVWLWXVL GDODP SHUNDUD FRQVWLWXWLRQDO
NDUHQD 0$ VHQGLUL PHQJDNX VXGDK WHUODOX UHYLHZ NDUHQD VHNDOL ODJL REMHN \DQJ
EDQ\DNEHEDQWXJDVPHPHULNVDGDQPHPXWXV GLOLQGXQJL ROHK 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL LDODK
SHUNDUD \DQJ PHQMDGL NRPSHWHQVLQ\D 88'
$NKLUQ\D GLVHSDNDWL NHZHQDQJDQ SHQJXMLDQ F 3HUVSHNWLI)XQJVLRQDO
88 WHUKDGDS 88' GLODNXNDQ ROHK 'LWLQMDX GDUL SHUVSHNWLI IXQJVLRQDO
OHPEDJD WHUVHQGLUL \DLWX 0. VHEDJDL VDODK NHOHPEDJDDQ PDND EHQDU VDMD 0DKNDPDK
VDWXSHODNXNHNXDVDDQNHKDNLPDQZDODXSXQ .RQVWLWXVLGDQ0DKNDPDK$JXQJPHUXSDNDQ
SDGD DZDOQ\D MXJD WHUGDSDW SHUGHEDWDQ GXDOHPEDJDQHJDUD\DQJLQGHSHQGHQVHEDJDL
P H Q J H Q D L N H O H P E D J D D Q 0 . D S D N D K SHQ\HOHQJJDUDNHNXDVDDQNHKDNLPDQ+DOLQL
PHUXSDNDQOHPEDJDPDQGLULDWDXPHUXSDNDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW GDODP 3DVDO $\DW 88'
EDJLDQGDULOHPEDJDODLQ 15, 7DKXQ KDVLO DPDQGHPHQ \DQJ
%HUGDVDUNDQ XUDLDQ WHQWDQJ XUJHQVL VHFDUDWHJDVPHQHQWXNDQEDKZD³.HNXDVDDQ
SHPEHQWXNDQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL VHFDUD NHKDNLPDQGLODNXNDQROHKVHEXDK0DKNDPDK
KLVWRULVGLDWDVPDNDWHQWXVDMDVHWLDSSXWXVDQ $JXQJ GDQ EDGDQ SHUDGLODQ \DQJ EHUDGD GL
GDULOHPEDJD0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVLWHUVHEXW EDZDKQ\D GDODP OLQJNXQJDQ SHUDGLODQ
KDUXV PHQJLNDW VHOXUXK VXE\HN KXNXP XPXP OLQJNXQJDQ SHUDGLODQ DJDPD
WHUPDVXN0DKNDPDK$JXQJVHEDEVSLULWGDUL OLQJNXQJDQ SHUDGLODQ PLOLWHU OLQJNXQJDQ
SHPEHQWXNDQ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVLWHUVHEXW SHUDGLODQWDWDXVDKDQHJDUDGDQROHKVHEXDK
VHFDUD KLVWRULV EHJLWX NXDW GDODP NHKLGXSDQ 0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL´
NHWDWDQHJDUDDQ,QGRQHVLDSDGDVDDWOHPEDJD 0XQFXOSHUWDQ\DDQ³$SDNDKNDUHQDGXD
WHUVHEXW PHQMDGL VDODK VDWX LVX GDODP OHPEDJDLQLWLGDNWHUGDSDWKXEXQJDQKLHUDUNL
SHUXEDKDQ88' PDND \DQJ VDWX GDSDW PHQJHVDPSLQJNDQ
E 3HUVSHNWLIREMHN\DQJGLOLQGXQJL SXWXVDQ\DQJODLQ"´3HUWDQ\DDQLQLPHPDQJ
0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL VHEDJDL VXDWX PHQDULN XQWXN GLJDOL OHELK MDXK VHEDE
OHPEDJDQHJDUDGLEHULNDQWXJDV\DQJVDQJDW 0DKNDPDK$JXQJGDQ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
HNVNOXVLI/HPEDJDLQLEHUWXJDVPHQMDJDGDQ PHUXSDNDQ GXD OHPEDJD QHJDUD \DQJ
PHOLQGXQJL 88'15, 7DKXQ VHEDJDL LQGHSHQGHQ
.RQVWLWXVL,QGRQHVLD7XJDVGDUL0DKNDPDK +HPDWSHQHOLWLZDODXSXQNHGXDOHPEDJD
.RQVWLWXVL WHUVHEXW VHWLGDNQ\D WHUFHUPLQ WHUVHEXW LQGHSHQGHQ NHWLND PHPXWXVNDQ
G D O D P E H U E D J D L N H Z H Q D Q J D Q Q \ D SHUNDUD \DQJ GLDMXNDQ NHSDGDQ\D QDPXQ
.HZHQDQJDQ OHPEDJD LQL DQWDUD ODLQ WLGDN EHUDUWL EDKZD SXWXVDQ FRQVWLWXWLRQDO
³ 0 D K N D P D K . R Q V W L W X V L E H U Z H Q D Q J UHYLHZ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL GDSDW
PHQJDGLOLSDGDWLQJNDWSHUWDPDGDQWHUDNKLU GLNHVDPSLQJNDQ ROHK 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ
\DQJSXWXVDQQ\DEHUVLIDW¿QDOXQWXNPHQJXML -XVWUX NDUHQD GXD OHPEDJD LQL PHUXSDNDQ
XQGDQJXQGDQJ WHUKDGDS 8QGDQJ8QGDQJ OHPEDJDOHPEDJD QHJDUD \DQJ LQGHSHQGHQ
'DVDU PHPXWXV VHQJNHWD NHZHQDQJDQ P D N D \ D Q J V D W X W L G D N E R O H K
OHPEDJD QHJDUD \DQJ NHZHQDQJDQQ\D! PHQJHVDPSLQJNDQSXWXVDQGDUL\DQJODLQQ\D
G L E H U L N D Q R O H K 8 Q G D Q J 8 Q G D Q J VHEDE NHWLND LWX WHUMDGL GHQJDQ VHQGLULQ\D
'DVDUPHPXWXV SHPEXEDUDQ SDUWDL SROLWLN LQGGHSHQGHQVL GDUL NHGXD OHPEDJD WHUVHEXW
0XFKDPDG$OL6DID
DWGNN+XNXP$FDUD0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL-DNDUWD6HNUHWDULDW-HQGUDOGDQ.HSDQLWHUDDQ0DKNDPDK
.RQVWLWXVL5,KOP
/LKDW3DVDO&$\DW88'+DVLO$PDQGHPHQ
00+-LOLG1R2NWREHU
WHODK WHUJDQJJX /DJL SXOD NHGXDQ\D XQGDQJ \DQJ VDPD GLWHQWXNDQ SXOD EDKZD
PHUXSDNDQ SHQ\HOHQJJDUD NHNXDVDDQ ³0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL PHPEHULWDKXNDQ
NHKDNLPDQVHKLQJJDGHQJDQVHQGLULQ\DKDUXV N H S D G D 0 D K N D P D K $ J X Q J D G D Q \ D
WLPEXO VLQHUJLWDV GDODP PHQMDODQNDQ SHUPRKRQDQSHQJXMLDQXQGDQJXQGDQJGDODP
NHZHQDQJDQQ\DPDVLQJPDVLQJ MDQJND ZDNWX SDOLQJ ODPEDW WXMXK KDUL
7LQGDNDQ0DKNDPDK$JXQJ\DQJWLGDN NHUMD VHMDN SHUPRKRQDQ GLFDWDW GDODP %XNX
PHQJLQGDKNDQSXWXVDQ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL 5HJLVWUDVL3HUNDUD³.RQVWLWXVL´
WHUVHEXWPHUXSDNDQWLQGDNDQ\DQJMXVWUXWLGDN 0HQXUXW KHPDW SHQHOLWL MLNDODX PDX
PHQMDJDNHPDQGLULDQNHNXDVDDQNHKDNLPDQ PHPEDFD3DVDOLQLVHFDUDVHNVDPDPDND
VHEDE WLQGDNDQ \DQJ GHPLNLDQ WLGDN MDXK DNDQ GLSHUROHK SHPDNQDDQ \DQJ VHUDJDP
EHUEHGD GDPSDNQ\D MLNDODX GLODNXNDQ ROHK \DLWX EDKZD NHWHQWXDQ LQL EHUPDNVXG DJDU
OHPEDJDHNVHNXWLIPDXSXQOHJLVODWLI 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ GDQ EDGDQ SHUDGLODQ GL
2OHKNDUHQDLWXNHPEDOLSHQHOLWLWHJDVNDQ EDZDKQ\D GDSDW PHQJHWDKXL EDKZD SDVDO
EDKZD MLNDODX ³LQGHSHQGHQ´ PHQMDGL DODVDQ DWDX8QGDQJXQGDQJ\DQJVHGDQJGLJXQDNDQ
XQWXN PHQMXVWL¿NDVL SXWXVDQ FRQVWLWXWLRQDO XQWXN PHQJDGLOL VXDWX SHUNDUD WHQJDK
UH Y L H Z 0 D K N D P D K . R Q V W L W X V L W L G D N GLPRKRQNDQ XQWXN GLXML GL 0DKNDPDK
PHPSXQ\DL NHNXDWDQ PHQJLNDW EDJL .RQVWLWXVL .HPXGLDQ \DQJ EHULNXW LDODK
0DKNDPDK $JXQJ PDND DODVDQ WHUVHEXW N H W H Q W X D Q 3 D V D O 8 Q G D Q J 8 Q G D Q J
NXUDQJWHSDWNDUHQDMXVWUXDODVDQLQGHSHQGHQ 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL \DQJ PHQHWDSNDQ
LWXODK \DQJ VHKDUXVQ\D PHPEXDW 0DNDPDK EDKZD ³3HQJXMLDQ SHUDWXUDQ SHUXQGDQJ
$JXQJ WLGDN EROHK PHQJHVDPSLQJNDQ XQGDQJDQ GL EDZDK XQGDQJXQGDQJ \DQJ
SXWXVDQ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL VHGDQJ GLODNXNDQ 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ ZDMLE
G 3HUVSHNWLI1RUPDWLI GLKHQWLNDQ DSDELOD XQGDQJXQGDQJ \DQJ
3DVDO 8QGDQJXQGDQJ 0DKNDPDK PHQMDGL GDVDU SHQJXMLDQ SHUDWXUDQ WHUVHEXW
.RQVWLWXVL GLWHQWXNDQ VHFDUD WHJDV EDKZD VHGDQJ GDODP SURVHV SHQJXMLDQ 0DKNDPDK
³3XWXVDQ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVLPHPSHUROHK .RQVWLWXVL VDPSDL DGD SXWXVDQ 0DKNDPDK
NHNXDWDQKXNXPWHWDSVHMDNVHOHVDLGLXFDSNDQ .RQVWLWXVL´
GDODP VLGDQJ SOHQR WHUEXND XQWXN XPXP´ 3DVDOLQLVHMDWLQ\DPHPEHULNDQQXDQVD
0HPEDFD NHWHQWXDQ LQL PDND WHUDQJ NHSDVWLDQKXNXPGDODPSHQDQJDQDQSHUNDUD
EHQGHUDQJODK EDKZD SXWXVDQ 0DKNDPDK MXGLFLDO UHYLHZ ROHK 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ
.RQVWLWXVL KDUXVODK PHQJLNDW 0DKNDPDK 3DVWLQ\D DNDQ VDQJDW WLGDN H¿VLHQ MLNDODX
$JXQJ VHEDE SXWXVDQ WHUVHEXW WLGDN GDSDW SHUNDUD WHUVHEXW KDUXV GLKHQWLNDQ SURVHVQ\D
ODJL GLODNXNDQ XSD\D KXNXP .DODX VXDWX NDUHQD 8QGDQJXQGDQJ \DQJ PHQMDGL
SXWXVDQ 3HQJDGLODQ VXGDK WLGDN GDSDW ODJL ODQGDVDQ EDWX XML EDJL 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ
GLODNXNDQXSD\DKXNXP%DQGLQJ.DVDVLGDQ PHODNXNDQMXGLFLDOUHYLHZWHUVHEXWGLEDWDONDQ
3. EXNDQNDK SXWXVDQ WHUVHEXW ODQJVXQJ ROHK 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL 0HQJDWDVL
GDSDW GLHNVHNXVL" 6HSHUL KDOQ\D SXWXVDQ PDVDODKLQLPDNDWHSDWODKMLNDODXSHPEHQWXN
SHUNDUD SHQFXULDQ VHSHGD PRWRU \DQJ 8QGDQJXQGDQJ PHPDQLIHVWDVLNDQ UXPXVDQ
WHUGDNZDQ\D GLYRQLV WDKXQ SHQMDUD ROHK NDOLPDW GDODP 3DVDO GDODP 8QGDQJ
0DMHOLV +DNLP .HWLND SXWXVDQ LQL WHODK XQGDQJ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
PHPSXQ\DL NHNXDWDQ KXNXP WHWDS PDND $UJXPHQSHQHOLWLEDKZDSURVHVSHUNDUD
-DNVD 3HQXQWXW 8PXP ODQJVXQJ GDSDW MXGLFLDO UHYLHZ GL 0DKNDPDK $JXQJ KDUXV
PHQJHNVHNXVLSXWXVDQWHUVHEXW+DOLQLMXJD GLKHQWLNDQ DSDELOD 8QGDQJXQGDQJ \DQJ
EHUODNXEDJLSXWXVDQ 0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL PHQMDGLODQGDVDQEDWXXMLGDODPSHUNDUDLWX
\ D Q J Z D O D X S X Q H N V H N X V L Q \ D W L G D N GLEDWDONDQROHK0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVLVDQJDW
PHPHUOXNDQ VXDWX DSDUDW NKXVXV QDPXQ GLGXNXQJGHQJDQNHWHQWXDQ3DVDO8QGDQJ
NDUHQD WHODK PHPSHUROHK NHNXDWDQ KXNXP 8 Q G D Q J 0 D K N D P D K . R Q V W L W X V L \ D Q J
WHWDS RWRPDWLV ODQJVXQJ PHQJLNDW XPXP PHQHWDSNDQEDKZD ³8QGDQJXQGDQJ\DQJ
6HODLQ LWX MXJD GDODP 3DVDO 8QGDQJ GLXML ROHK 0DKNDPDK .RQVWLWXVL WHWDS
/LKDW3DVDO8QGDQJ8QGDQJ1RPRU7DKXQWHQWDQJ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVLVHEDJDLPDQDWHODKGLXEDKGHQJDQ8QGDQJ
8QGDQJ1RPRU7DKXQWHQWDQJSHUXEDKDQDWDV8QGDQJ8QGDQJ1RPRU7DKXQWHQWDQJ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
5LDQ9DQ)ULWV.DSLWDQ.HNXDWDQ0HQJLNDW3XWXVDQ&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ0DKNDPDK.RQVWLWXVL
00+-LOLG1R2NWREHU
0 D K N D P D K . R Q V W L W X V L 5 H S X E O L N
,QGRQHVLD-DNDUWD6LQDU*UD¿ND
6RHNDQWR6RHUMRQRGDQ0DPXGML6UL
3HQHOLWLDQ +XNXP 1RUPDWLI -DNDUWD
375DMD*UD¿QGR3HUVDGD
6RHSUDSWR ,QGUDWL 0DULD )DULGD ,OPX
3HUXQGDQJ8QGDQJDQ'DVDUGDVDUGDQ
SHPEHQWXNDQQ\D<RJ\DNDUWD.DQLVLXV
6XEHNWL 5 .HNXDVDDQ 0DKNDPDK
$JXQJ5,%DQGXQJ$OXPQL
:HEVLWH
KWWSQHZVGHWLNFRPUHDG
NDVXVGUEDPEDQJ
PDQWDQNHWXDPNHPDQJQ\DDUWLGMRSDVWL
EDLNGLDNVHVSDGDWDQJJDO0DUHW
!