NAME REGISTRATION

NUMBER
MAITREYI KOLE 2021JULB01100
N.SAI HARI HARAN 2021JULB01071
PERALA.S.KUSUMA TEJASWAINI 2021JULB07021
SAI SINDHURI BULUSU 2021JULB01051
SATYAM SHARMA 2021JULB01134
SOUMYA SINGH 2021JULB01103
SURAJ KUMAR 2021JULB01131
 NOMINAL SCALE OF MEASUREMENT
1) According to your opinion which vehicle 2) Purpose of vehicle
you find the best
a) Electric a) Personal works
b) Petrol b) Office works
c) Diesel c) Outstation works
d) CNG
EXPLANATION – In nominal scale the attributes or answer values are just names and doesn’t have any
numerical value or any order in it. The attributes relate some specific meaning and doesn’t share any values
between one another.

ORDINAL SCALE OF MEASUREMENT

1) How likely you are to invest in an electric 2) What is your satisfactory level – charging
vehicle in the near future? points situated at home, workplace
a) Definitely a) Highly satisfied
b) Very likely b) Satisfied
c) Likely c) Dissatisfied
d) Maybe d) Highly dissatisfied
e) Never
EXPLANATION – In ordinal scale the attributes or answer value follows specific order. The attributes
either have higher to lower or lower to higher values. Ordinal scale contains rank from 5 to 1 but it doesn’t
have any numerical value in it. It’s an extension of nominal scale but one extra aspect of ordering the values
in a specific position.

INTERVAL SCALE OF MEASUREMENT

1) At what minimum temperature do you think electric vehicle can smoothly operate
a) -5-degree Fahrenheit
b) 0-degree Fahrenheit
c) 5-degree Fahrenheit
d) 10-degree Fahrenheit
EXPLANATION – In interval scale the attributes or answer value have specific order and the attributes
have equal distance between them. The values have equal gap or interval between them. This scale is an
extension of both nominal and ordinal and also the attributes share equal distance between them. The values
contains both negative and positive aspects. The zero present in the scale have some value and doesn’t
means 0.

RATIO SCALE OF MEASUREMENT

1) What is your budget in buying an 2) How much do you spend on vehicle
electric vehicle? maintenance per month?
a) 100000-500000 a) 0-1000
b) 1000000-3000000 b) 1000-5000
c) 5000000-10000000 c) 5000-10000
d) Above 10000000 d) Above 10000
EXPLANATION – In ratio scale the attributes or answer value have specific meaning in it, are positioned
in a particular order, the attributes have equal interval or gap between them and finally the zero value means
numeric value zero (actual zero). It is the extension of all the 3 other scales (nominal, ordinal and interval).
The main difference is that the zero attribute does carry the value of zero and no other aspect in it.
QUESTION- what amount do you pay in vehicle maintenance?

EXPLAINATION-

MEAN- the mean is the average or the most common value in a collection of numbers. Here we have to find
out average vehicle maintenance cost so we used mean. When the data is not very skewed preferably mean
is used. We can calculate mean by using =average formula or =geomean formula in excel.

MEDIAN-The median is the middle number in a sorted, ascending or descending, list of numbers and can be
more descriptive of that data set than the average. Its better to use median over mean when the data is
skewed. We can calculate median by using =median formula in excel.

MODE- the mode is the value which is repeatedly occurring in a given set or which is most occurring. We
can calculate mode by using formula =mode in excel. d

STANDARD DEVIATION- A Standard deviation value tells how much data set deviates from mean of the
data set . The standard deviation helps us to understand how much a mean can deviate from its value that is
+/- standard deviation value. We can calculate standard deviation by using =stdeva formula in excel.
 • Independent and dependent variable
Purpose of vehicle
a) Personal works
b) Office works
c) Outstation works

How fast you want battery to be fully charged in electric vehicle?

a) Less than 2 hours
b) Less than 4 hours
c) Less than 8 hours
d) Overnight

Explanation – In this scenario the purpose of vehicle is independent and requirement of level of charging of
batteries is dependent.
The purpose of vehicle is independent because the person has to use any of the three options but the speed
charging required by the consumer is dependent on the usage of the consumer.
Eg – if a person is using electric vehicle for office purpose and this is independent and he will be requiring
fast charging that is less than 2 hours so that time factor is dependent based on the option he select in the
above question which is independent.

• Subjective probability
What would be your most important reason to opt for an EV(Car/bikes)?
a) Concern for the environment
b) Low maintenance cost
c) Driving pleasure
d) Ease of handling
e) All of the above

Explanation – This question can be subjective probability as because the decision or option which the
respondent choose is purely based on his own decisions and this decision is not affected by the previous
respondent’s answer to this question and it is not selected based on any previous data(this electric car is not
yet introduced in India so the previous data cannot be analysed while filling this questionnaire). So this in
example for subjective probability.
 • Classical probability
Which of the following vehicle is more eco-friendly?
a) Electric
b) CNG

Explanation – Classical probability which means there are only limited outcomes. The outcomes are fixed
in classical probability. In this question we asked about eco-friendly vechicle and there can be only 2 options
one is electric and another is CNG. Petrol is a fuel but not eco-friendly and we car comparing which one is
more eco-friendly so this can be classical probability and the outcomes are predetermined so probability of
choosing an electric over CNG is 0.5.

• Empirical probability
Among the present commercial market bestsellers, which one would you go for? [BIKES]
a) Ather Energy 450X [20]
b) Bajaj Chetak [10]
c) Hero Electric Optima LA [15]
d) TVS iQube [10]
e) Okinawa Praise [5]
Explanation – This question can be answer by using the old sales data and the respondents can check the
data to find one is the best one.
Total number of respondents are 60 and what is the probability that TVS iQube is considered by respondents
are 10/60 = 1/6
The formula for empirical probability is F/N
F is the number of times an event occurs and N is the total number of trials.
 1. The experiment consists of sequence of n identical trials.
2. Two outcomes, success and failure, are possible on each trial.
3. The probability of success, denoted by p, does not change from person to person.
4. The trials are independent.

Question:-
There are 15 electric cars in Ampere electric showroom, Bangalore. The probability that any electric
car is sold is 0.20. What is the probability that none of the electric cars is sold today?

In the above example, the number of trials and the probability of none of the cars being sold are constant. No
decision of the customer, whether to buy an electric car or not is, dependent. And there are only two
outcomes possible, i.e. whether the customers buy an electric car or not.
Hence, the above example meets all the properties of binomial distribution.
Ques. At an electric charging site, how many electric cars would come during 9am-10am on a Monday?
Ans. No. of cars, X= 8
Mean, U=4

Here, the probability of exactly 8 cars showing up is 0.029.

Based on below mentioned conditions:

• Discreate answer i.e., whole number, here is 8.

• No. of observations, N= Infinity.
• Time &/or Space constraint, here, 9am-10am on a Monday.
• The probability of the occurrence is the same for any 2 intervals of equal length.
• The occurrence or non-occurrence in any interval is independent of the occurrence or non-occurrence
in any other interval.
• The curve is always right skewed.
 In statistics, uniform distribution refers to a type of probability distribution in which all outcomes are
equally likely.
Ex- A deck of cards has within it uniform distributions because the likelihood of drawing a heart, a
club, a diamond, or a spade is equally likely. A coin also has a uniform distribution because the
probability of getting either heads or tails in a coin toss is the same.

Principles-

• Uniform distributions are probability distributions with equally likely outcomes.

• There are always a minimum and maximum value range in which the individual occurrences have to
take place.
• In a discrete uniform distribution, outcomes are discrete and finite, having the same probability.
• In a continuous uniform distribution, outcomes are continuous and infinite.

QUESTION: What is the probability that the amount of service cost the riders pay will be between
3000 to 5000?

[We will assume that the occurrence of any service cost

between 3000 and 5000 follow a uniform distribution.
That means that any amount within the selected range is
equally likely to occur]
ANS: If we take, 3500 as an occurrence sample, which is a random variable between the min and max limit we have
selected, has a probability of 0.0005% of occurrence. If we take any other sample amount, there will always be equal
chance of that taking place as well.

A (Lower limit) = 3000

B (Upper limit) = 5000
Mean(A+B/2) = 4000
Variance = 333333.3
Standard variation= 577.3503
Uniform Distribution
Min Max Mean Var. Stdev.
3000 5000 4000 333333.3333 577.35

P(<=x) x x P(>=x) x1 P(x1<X<x2) x2

0.2500 3500 3500 0.7500 3000 0.5000 4000
3500 0.5000 4500
0.5000 4000 4000 0.5000 3725 0.5000 4725
4000 0.5000 5000
If the fuel mileage of a particular model of car is normally distributed, with a mean of 26 mpg and a standard
deviation is 2 mpg, how common are cars with a fuel efficiency of 24 to 25 mpg?

Explanation:
After calculation it is observed that 68% population has 24 and 28 mpg since that would be 1standard
deviation value below and 1 standard deviation above the mean. That suggests that extreme values of the
mpg are less, and the curve of the graph plotted would be a bell shape, which is an indication of normal
distribution.