Flooding is a well-known natural disaster that causes significant economic

damage as climate change generates more extreme weather conditions. According to

Badilla et al., the Philippines has a record of 60 major floods in the last ten years,

making it one of the most flood-prone countries in the world. In line with that,  PAGASA

(Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration) stated

that the Philippines experiences more tropical cyclones than any other country in the

world, with an average of 20 tropical cyclones in this region per year, with approximately

8 or 9 of them crossing the Philippines, causing a lot of flooding events. Nearly 14

million people have been affected and the death toll has reached more than 700 people

with damages estimating over $400 million (EM-DAT International Disaster Database).

  The intense and beyond-normal downpour of rainfall during Typhoon Ondoy last

2009 created devastating effects to life and properties and to the development of the

affected areas in the low-lying areas of Metro Manila and Rizal Province. Losses

suffered by these places were overwhelming and set back economic and social

development (Pati et al. 2014). Tanay, Rizal flood plains have flood depths ranging from

0.2 m to 15.4 m, which varies by barangay, and Baranggay Tandang Kutyo is one of the

areas that are exposed to low flooding. However, the simulated flood depths in different

locations were compared with the surveyed depths of floodwaters during Typhoon

Ondoy only (Pati & Cruz, 2017).