RAMIREDDY SUBBARAMIREDDY ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE

DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY: Y.MAHESH SUBJECT: ENGINEERING MECHANICS [II-I]

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Engineering Mechanics

Introduction

Engineering Mechanics is defined as the branch of physical science which deals with
the behavior of a body at rest or motion under the action of forces.
 RAMIREDDY SUBBARAMIREDDY ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY: Y.MAHESH SUBJECT: ENGINEERING MECHANICS [II-I]

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UNIT-I

1. Define statics and dynamics?

Ans: Statics: Statics is defined as the branch of rigid body mechanics, which deals with the
behaviour of a body when it is at rest.

Dynamics: Dynamics is defined as the branch of rigid body mechanics which deals
with the behaviour of a body when it is in motion.

2. Define scalar and vector quantities

Ans: Scalar quantity: Quantities which have only magnitude and no direction.
Eg. Mass, distance

Vector quantity: Quantities which have both direction and magnitude.

Eg. Velocity, displacement.

3. State Newton's laws of motion?

Ans:
Newton's first law: Everybody preserves in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a
straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed there on.
Newton's second law: The acceleration of a particle will be proportional to the force and
will be in the direction of the force (ie. F = ma)
Newton's third law: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

4. Define parallelogram law of forces

Ans: Parallelogram law of forces: It state that “If two forces acting at a point be
represented in magnitude and direction by the two sides of a parallelogram. Then the diagonal
represents the resultant of the forces both in magnitude and direction.”
5. State Triangle law of forces.

Ans: Triangle law of forces: If three forces acting a point be in equilibrium then they can be
represented in magnitude and direction by the three sides of a triangle taken in order.

6. State the Principle of transmissibility.

Ans: Principle of Transmissibility: It state that “any force at a point on a rigid body can be
transmitted to act at any other point along its line of action without changing its effect on the
rigid body”

7. Define coplanar and Non coplanar forces

Ans: Coplanar forces: Forces acting on a same plane.

Non coplanar forces: Forces have their line of action on different planes

8. Define collinear and concurrent forces

Ans: Collinear forces: Forces which have the same line of action.

Concurrent forces: Forces whose line of action intersect at a common point

9. State Lames theorem?

Ans: Lames theorem: If three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium then, each force will
be proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two forces.
10. Write the conditions of equilibrium for a particle in space

Ans:

 Algebraic sum of horizontal and vertical forces is zero,

i.e. ∑ Fx = 0, ∑ Fy =0

 Algebraic sum of moments is zero.

i.e. ∑ M =0

11. Define rigid body?

Ans: Rigid body: A body whose deflection when subjected to loading is negligible when
compared to the dimensions of the body is called as a rigid body

12. Define free body diagram?

Ans: Free body diagram: Free body diagram is the isolated diagram of an object or system of
objects in the system in which all external forces and couple moments acting on it are shown.

13.Write the different types of supports?

Ans:
i) Fixed support
ii) Hinged support,
iii) Roller support
14. What are the different types of beams?
Ans:

i) Cantilever beam: A beam which is fixed at one end and at the other end free is known as
cantilever beam.

ii) Simply supported beam: A beam supported or resting freely on the supports at its
both ends is known as simply supported beam

iii) Overhanging beam: if the end portion of a beam is extended beyond the support is
Known as overhanging beam.

iv) Fixed beam: A beam who’s both end are fixed or built-in walls is known as fixed beam

v) Continuous beam: A beam which is having more than two supports is known as continuous
beam
15. Write the different types of loads?
Ans:
i) Point load

ii) Uniformly distributed load

iii) Uniformly varying load

16. Define
i) Couple ii) Equilibrium force iii) Resultant force
Ans:

i) Couple: The turning effect produced by two equal and opposite force separated by a
distance constitute a couple.

ii) Equilibrium force: Equilibrium force is the force which is opposite to the resultant
force and it brings the system to equilibrium.

iii) Resultant force: Resultant force is the single equivalent force which produces the
same effect as that of two or more forces is called as resultant force.

15. State varignones theorem?

Ans: Varignones theorem: If a number of coplanar forces are acting simultaneously on a

body, the sum of moments of all the forces about any point is equal to the moment of the
resultant force about the same point.
 UNIT-II

FRICTION

1. Define friction?

Ans: The force which is acting opposite to the direction of motion of the force applied is known
as frictional force.

Frictional force F = μ N

Where, μ = coefficient of friction.

N= normal reaction.

2. Give the Classification of Friction

Ans: i). Static friction:- when the body is in rest the friction experienced is known as static
friction.

ii). Dynamic friction: - it is the friction experienced by the body when it is in motion.

Types:-

(a) Sliding friction: it is the friction experienced by a body when it is slides

over another body.

(b) Rolling friction: it is the friction experienced by the bodies due to motion of
rotation.

(c) Pivot friction: it is the friction experienced by the bodies due to motion of
rotation.

3. State the laws of dry(coulomb)friction.

Ans:
 The frictional force always acts in a direction opposite to that in which the body tends
to move.

 The force of friction is equal to force applied to the body as long as the body is at rest.

 The force of friction depends upon the nature of surfaces in contact.

 The frictional force does not depend on the area and shape of surfaces in contact.

3. Define coefficient of kinetic friction.

Ans: When the bodies are in relative motion the co-efficient of friction is called kinetic. The
kinetic co-efficient of friction is always less than static co-efficient of friction

4. What is coulomb friction?

Ans: The friction that exists between two un lubricated surfaces is called coulomb friction.
5. Define coefficient of static friction.
Ans :It is defined as the ratio of limiting force of friction (F) to the normal reaction it is denoted
by μ.μ = limiting force of friction/ normal force = F/N

6. List out the different types of friction.Whatis coefficient of static friction?

Ans :The different types of friction are:
Dry friction

Fluid friction

Co-efficient of static friction is given by, μ = F/R

7.Define Limiting angle of friction

Ans: At the time of impending motion the angle between resultant of frictional force &
reaction with normal reaction is known as ‘limiting angle’ of friction. The corresponding force is
known as “limiting force of friction”.

From vector diagram

F
tan ∅ =
N

μN
=
N

tan ∅ = μ

8.Define Angle of repose:

Ans: It is the angle made by the inclined plane with the horizontal when the body is just
moving down wards due to its self weight.

μ=tan α=tan ∅

9. Define Over healing and Self locking of screw jack?

Ans: i) Over healing of screws:

If φ <α the torque required is negative without applying any load in

moving downwards such conditions is known as over healing of a screws.

if >50% screw is said to be over healing

ii) Self locking of screws:

If φ >α the torque required to lower the load is positive i.e., the force must be
applied to load such conditions is known as self locking of a screws.

if ≤50% screw is said to be self locking

 UNIT-III

CENTROID AND CENTER OF GRAVITY & MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA

1. Define center of gravity and centriod?

Ans: Center of gravity: Center of gravity is defined as the point at which whole weight of the
body is assumed to have concentrated is called as centre of gravity.

Centriod: Centre of gravity of a plane figure is referred as centroid. Centroid is the

point at which the entire area of the figure is assumed to be concentrated.

2. what is moment of inertia of an area

Ans: Moment of inertia: The second moment of area about axes is called as moment of
inertia. It is the ability of an area to resist bending.

3. Define parallel axis theorem?

Ans: parallel axis theorem: It states that “the moment of inertia about axes in the plane is
the sum of the moment of inertia about a parallel axis passing through centroid and the
product of the area and square of the distance between the two parallel axes”

IAB=IGG+ Ad2

4. Define perpendicular axis theorem?

Ans: perpendicular axis theorem: It states that “the moment of inertia of an area about an
axis perpendicular to its plane at any point is equal to the sum of moments of inertia about any
two mutually perpendicular axes about the same point in plane of the area. It is also known as
polar moment of inertia”

Izz= Ixx+ Iyy

5. Define mass moment of inertia

Ans: Mass moment of inertia: Mass moment of inertia of a body is the second moment of the
mass about an axis. It is the measure of resistance of a body towards angular acceleration.

IAB =∫ r2 dm

6. Define Radius of gyration?

Ans: Radius of gyration: Radius of Gyration (k) is the distance from the axis of rotation to the
point where the entire area may be assumed to be concentrated

Kx=√Ix/A

Ky=√Iy/A
 UNIT-IV

KINETICS & KINEMATICS

1. What is kinetics & kinematics?

Ans:
kinetics: The study of motion with reference to the force which cause the motion is
called as kinematics.
kinematics The study of motion without reference to the force which cause the motion
is called as kinematics.
2. Write down the equations of motion of a body.
Ans:

3. Define rectilinear, curvilinear motion

Ans:
i).Rectilinear motion: When the body moves along a straight line path then the body is
said to be in rectilinear motion.
ii).Curvilinear motion: When the body moves along a curved path then the body is said
to be in curvilinear motion.

4. State Newton’s second law of motion.( De Alembert’s principle)

Ans: The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force acting on the body.
i.e F=ma.

5. Define
i) Projectile ii) Trajectory iii) Range iv) Time of Flight
Ans :
i) Projectile: A particle, moving under the combined effect of vertical and horizontal
forces is called a projectile.

ii) Trajectory: The path traced by a projectile in the space is known as trajectory.

iii) Range: The distance between the point of projection and the point where the
projectile strikes the ground is known as the Range of projectile

iv) Time of Flight: The total time taken by a projectile to reach maximum height and
return back to the ground is known as time of flight.
6. State law of conservation of energy
Ans: It states that, "The energy can neither be created nor destroyed, though it can be
transformed from one form into any of the form in which the energy can exist.

7. Define i) Impulse ii) Momentum

Ans:
i) Impulse: Impulse is defined as the product of force and time
ii) Momentum: Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity.

8. State law of conservation of momentum

Ans: conservation of Momentum: It states that “total momentum before impact is equals to
total momentum after impact”.
9. Define Dealamboards principle?
Sol: Dealamboards principle: The algebraic differences b/n external force and inertia force is
equals to zero

Fexternal - Fi = zero
 UNIT-V

FRAMES & MECHANICAL VIBRASIONS

1. What is a Truss?
Ans:
Truss: A truss is a pin jointed frame, is a structure made of slender (cross-sectional
dimensions quite small compared to length) members pin connected at ends and capable of
taking load at joints.

2. What are assumptions made in analysis of truss?

Ans: Assumptions:
The following assumptions are made in the analysis of pin jointed trusses:
 The ends of the members are pin jointed (hinged).
 The loads act only at the joints.
 Self weight of the members is negligible.

3. What is a frame? Give types of frames

Ans:
Frame: A frame may be defined as a structure, made up of several bars, riveted or
welded together.
Types:
i) Perfect frame: A perfect frame is that, which is made up of members
just sufficient to keep it in equilibrium, when loaded, without any change in its shape. The no.
of members, in a perfect frame, may also be expressed by the relation :
n = (2j – 3)
n = No. of members, & j = No. of joints.
Ex: triangular frame

ii) Imperfect frame: An imperfect frame is that, which is made up of

members just sufficient to keep it in equilibrium, when loaded, without any change in its
shape.
For imperfect frame, n =/ (2j – 3)
4. Define
a) Time period b) frequency c) oscillation d) Beat