8/1/22

Lonmputer Netuiockiaq

Ha did it started
ARPA NET
MIL ShansardL Using TCP IP
baasmissian
(MGLA LUtab Contro Peodocel

The reguloions ace caatralled hy Taternet Society

(Briel Eomple
response
g00qle Lom- Senuer

renes
client

I Proocals i Rules deiaed hy nterne So.ciey

A
1) TCP (Tansaisaioa andeel Pratacal2
Lill ensure hat dhe data aill eerch ití
destiac hon and it uail not be cocnupted-iia
the u00

2 UDP: User Dotagra Protocol

N
ALL _data a y ao reach the cecepient
E Videa Conferencing

3) HTTP: (Hper Taxt Teansfer Peatacal

Used y Meh Secueng+ Cient requests
 / -

I P Addreas X. XX X-
LO-255
Command do check aon P

Cur configme -S

Pocts
2 65,O0O
HTIP 7 0 O-l023 Reseved Ports
Mongo 0B 2702 0244152 Applicadions
SOi 1433 Kemaiaings Can be used.

I@Topalogics
i Bus RING ii STAR iv) TREE MESH

Structure o the Nauaark

OSTModel Open ystemslater connechon Made

Application
Presenta:tion
Session
ransport egments
Nehworck -Packeis
Data Liok frames
Physica
 /

TCp IP Model
Applicatian
ransport
Nehwork
Data Link
Phyaical
LApplicatia
Layae Client SeruerArchitectuee
Heguest
client Server
Hesponse

) Peer to Peer Architechure (P2P)

Fnyone Ca be
Severclient

Netuarkinq Deuices

Hepeater Hub Bridae Suottch Router

Gcate way Brouter
 //-

Pratocols
#Web Peatocoks:
TCP 1P 1 HTTP
2) DHCP
3) ETP
4) SMTP
S)POP3 and IMAP
6)SSH
3 VNC

Tdaet facd-23
UDP Stateless (onnections

FSample Applicatian
Praanacom.
Whatsapr
Pracess Send a meSsage Recocd a uideo

Thcead Se-up -Hae page Qpencamera

Socket Tntecface betuwe.en ProceSsesand indernet

Ports
Ephemeral Parts_Healicadians assiqns
Hself rondomporI- numbaecs
 -//

HTP: i s a client-server pratocal which

fells us houo ulenequest data t a ae Secue
and hau seruersends Hhe response to clients

HITP uses TCP HITPisi Stateless

EHIIP Methods

GET
POST
PUT
DELETE

#Status Codes

1xx Lnformationa
2 Xx Success
3Xx Redicecting
4xX dient error
Sxx Server error

Cockies Uaique
ueSteiag Siored in my brouoser
(3 How Email orks

for sendingSMIP
For ecieuing POP3

Command to check IP of SMIP servers

ns lookup -type = mx gmall.com

 DNS (Domain Nlame Syatem

for Secopd-level Domain

nailgo0qle
d

Suh- Donain Top- Level Damain.

Raof DNS Servers

Com O Orq edu.in

These are mainiained by ICANN

Llranspoaci
Layer
eSsages
messages
ockett
SaketIronsportH
filss Laye Demuliplexer les
MulHplexer
VC= VC

Datotrauels ia packets
ransport layer uilatach these Socketport nunbers
conqes.tionLontrol
ransport layerr also takes Care of
TCP.
Conqestion coatral alqorithms are built in

Check sum A Small siaed black of data deriued C

droa anaher black o data dar the
purpose ot dle te.ctinq errors fhat may
haue been intra ducedduriaqihs
transmissionorStorage
Timers Retransmis.sion Timer)
To retransimi lost seqments Ldatapackets,-
the tiner starts and stops henthe acknoukedqe=
mentis recieved-

UDP:(user Dataarom Protocol)

Data may on may not be delivered
Data may chanqs
Data maynot be in order
ConnectionlessPratocal
uses checksums

EUDP Packet

Source Port noLength_af Dataqram

-bytes 2-bytes Header
c8- bytes )
Destination lort no ChecksLuM
2-bytes 2- bytes

DATA

lotal packet size is 2

Lommand to track packets

Sudo tepelump - 5
 -L
TCP:(Transaisaion CantrolPratacol

ranspant layer protacol

1 seqments he data received romApplizakiaa
laer
Congestinn coatral
Tahea care of when dato oloeanot arive
maiatains he order ef data

Connection Oriented
Full-Duplex
E 3-way Hondshake
Client Server

Sync. Flag
eq. ho,
-

32
(random

Jync. +lag
Aknowledaeme ot
Seq no.-cale on 32)-> 56
Ack. no. 33.

Ackno ulledaemeat-
Seq, no,35
Ack. no.- 57
LNetuork| Herewe ulock uidh routers-
Layer
Hopby b HopEoruacding
Hopinqrouters 4a routecs
until f reaches he
Lorreci router
Checks Faruzacding and
Rautin dables tar his
task

EControl Plane
Uses to build taese routiaq-
Router Nodes tahles.
Links Edae

Stadi Routing(Manual
ii Dynami Rauting Evolues accardingy

1P Iaiernet PratncolL
#TPy 4 7 3 hits 4-words
5. 6. 9. 14
006no101
2-bits Chosses of IP Address-

A O.O0.0 122255 155 255

B 128 o.0.o 19,25S 255 255
C 92,0.0O 22325.S.255255
D 224 o0O-2,39,2552552555
240 0 0 o 255 25S,2SL25
 IE assiqns the IP Addresses

O Packeis Header is af 20 byle

T consish of IP, length, 1dentilication
nuaber flags pratocals,checksum
addreases TIL ete

IPv6 128 bits

Cons Not Backuward Compatible
ISPnced toshift, which is a lat af aarh

Hex&decimalLl6bit)

Middle box
#Firedall Global Iaternet
Your tnsted netuwack

Filters_out LP Packets basedon uaious rules

Address
Madify Packeis
Part no.s-
Flags
-Prntocals

o types i Stateless Firewall

Shtetul Eireuwall more Efficient)
 NAT (Netuaork Address Teoanslation
Slos dauan the consumption of TP Aldresses

Dato- Link
Layer )DHCP: (Dynamic Hast Confiquration ratacal)

Ne device connects DHCP server laich assigns-

TP address to the device
n dada link layer device3 communicate uih
data-link layer address [MAC AJdress)

Here e lork Ath rames

ARP Cache helps to eninq the addeess

Addres Resoludion Pratacal

E The physical layer is associated uaith Hardua re Ond

Electronies

This ishou Internet uochs