NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

3 More about Graphs of Functions

Exercise 3A (§3.1 Graphs of Some Functions)

Basic Questions

1. Consider the graphs of the functions y = 2 and y = −2x + 3.

T1 (a) Write down the domain of each function.

(b) Which function(s) has/have maximum/minimum value(s)? Write down the corresponding
maximum/minimum value(s) of the function(s).

2. Consider the graph of the function y = 2(x – 2)2 + 1.

(a) Write down the domain of the function.
(b) Does the graph have maximum/minimum point(s)? If it has,
write down the coordinates of each maximum/minimum
point.
T2 (c) Does the graph have reflectional symmetry? If it has, state
its axis of symmetry.

3. Consider the graphs of the functions y = sin x and y = tan x.

(a) Write down the domain of each function.

T3 (b) Which function(s) is/are periodic? State the period of each periodic function.
(c) Which function(s) has/have maximum/minimum value(s)? Write down the corresponding
maximum/minimum value(s) of the function(s).

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

Nf 4. Consider the graphs of the functions y = 2x and y = log3 x.

(a) Write down the domain of each function.

(b) Do the graphs have maximum/minimum point(s)?
(c) Write down the number of x-intercepts of each graph.

5. Consider the linear function y = −4x − 2.

(a) Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of its graph.
(b) Sketch its graph.

6. (a) For the graph of the function y = −(x − 1)2 + 2, state its
(i) axis of symmetry, (ii) coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) direction of opening, (iv) y-intercept.
(b) Hence, sketch the graph of y = −(x − 1) + 2. 2

Nf 7. Sketch the graphs of the following exponential functions.

x
1
(a) y = 3x (b) y = 
2

Nf 8. Sketch the graphs of the following logarithmic functions.

(a) y = log5 x (b) y = log 1 x
2

Further Questions

Nf 9. The figures below show the graphs of three different functions.

Figure (1) Figure (2)

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

Figure (3)

(a) In Figure (3), sketch the graph of y = cos x for −180° ≤ x ≤ 90°.
(b) Which function(s) has maximum/minimum value(s)? Write down the corresponding
maximum/minimum value(s) of the function(s).
(c) Which graph(s) has/have reflectional symmetry? State the axis of symmetry of each symmetric
graph.

10. The figure shows the graph of y = x − 1.

(a) Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph.
(b) Sketch the graphs of the following functions.
(i) y = −1
(ii) y = −x − 1

11. In the figure, A(−1, 0) and B(1, 0) are two points on the x-axis.
(a) Show that A and B lie on the graph of y = −x2 + 1.
(b) Sketch the graph of y = −x2 + 1 on the figure.

Nf 12. The figure shows the graph of y = 4x.

x
1
(a) Sketch the graph of y =   on the given coordinate plane.
4
x
1
(b) Are the graphs of y = 4x and y =   symmetric about a line? If
4
yes, state the axis of symmetry.

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

Exercise 3B (§3.2 Solving Equations Using the Graphical Method)

Basic Questions

1. Solve the following equations using the given graphs.

(a) f(x) = 0 (b) f(x) = 1

2. The figure shows the graph of y = −2x2 + 5x + 3. Solve the

following equations by drawing suitable straight lines on the
graph.
(a) −2x2 + 5x + 3 = 4
(b) −2x2 + 5x + 3 = −0.6

Nf 3. The figure shows the graph of y = 2x. Solve the following

equations by drawing suitable straight lines on the graph.
(a) 2x = 0.5
(b) 2x = 3

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

Nf 4. The figure shows the graph of y = log 1 x , where x > 0. Solve

3

the following equations by drawing suitable straight lines on

the graph.
(a) log 1 x = −1
3

(b) log 1 x = 1.2

3

5. The figure shows the graph of y = tan x for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.

Solve the following equations for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° by
drawing suitable straight lines on the graph.
3
(a) tan x =
2
(b) tan x = −2

6. The figure shows the graph of y = −x3 − 2x2 + x + 1. Solve

the following equations by drawing suitable straight lines on
the graph.
5
(a) −x3 − 2x2 + x + 1 = −
2
(b) −x3 − 2x2 + x + 1 = 1

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

7. The figure shows the graph of y = f (x).

(a) Rewrite 2f (x) = 5 into the form f (x) = k,
where k is a constant.
(b) Hence, solve 2f (x) = 5 by drawing a
suitable straight line on the graph.

8. The figure shows the graph of y = cos 2x for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.

(a) Rewrite cos 2x + 0.6 = 0 into the form cos 2x = k,
where k is a constant.
(b) Hence, solve cos 2x + 0.6 = 0 for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° by
drawing a suitable straight line on the graph.

Further Questions

T4 9. The figure shows the graph of y = 0.5 x . Solve the following

equations graphically.
Nf
(a) 0.5x = 0.8
(b) 0.5x − 1.5 = 0

10. The figure shows the graph of y = 2(x + 1)2. Solve the following
equations graphically.
(a) 2(x + 1)2 = −0.5
(b) 4(x + 1)2 = 1

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

11. The figure shows the graph of y = x 3. Solve the following

equations graphically.
(a) x 3 − 2.2 = 0
(b) 10 x 3 + 7 = 0

12. The figure shows the graph of y = 2 sin x for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.

Solve the following equations for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° graphically.
(a) sin x = 0.7
(b) 10 sin x + 3 = 0

Exercise 3C (§3.3 Solving Inequalities Using the Graphical Method)

Basic Questions

Solve the following inequalities using the given graphs. (1 − 2)

1. (a) f (x) > 0 (b) f (x) ≤ 0

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

1
2. (a) f ( x) ≥ for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° (b) f (x) < 1
2

3. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 − 4x − 3. Solve

the following inequalities by drawing suitable straight
lines on the graph.
(a) x2 − 4x − 3 < −3
(b) x2 − 4x − 3 ≥ 2

Nf 4. The figure shows the graph of y = 4x. Solve the following

inequalities by drawing suitable straight lines on the graph.
(a) 4x > 1
(b) 4x < 2

Nf 5. The figure shows the graph of y = −log x, where x > 0.

Solve the following inequalities by drawing suitable straight
lines on the graph.
(a) −log x ≤ 0.7
(b) −log x > −0.4

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

6. The figure shows the graph of y = sin (x + 45°) for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.

Solve the following inequalities for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° by drawing
suitable straight lines on the graph.
(a) sin (x + 45°) ≤ 0.3
(b) sin (x + 45°) > −0.8

1 3
7. The figure shows the graph of y = − x + 2x 2 − x .
2
Solve the following inequalities by drawing suitable
straight lines on the graph.
1 3
(a) − x + 2 x 2 − x < −1
2
1 3
(b) − x + 2x 2 − x < 1
2

8. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x).

(a) Rewrite the inequality f(x) + 2 ≥ 0 into the form
f(x) ≥ k, where k is a constant.
(b) Hence, solve the inequality f(x) + 2 ≥ 0 by drawing
a suitable straight line on the graph.

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

Nf 9. The figure shows the graph of y = log 3 x , where x > 0.

4

(a) Rewrite the inequality 5 log 3 x < 3 into the form

4

log 3 x < k , where k is a constant.

4

(b) Hence, solve the inequality 5 log 3 x < 3 , where x > 0, by

4

drawing a suitable straight line on the graph.

x
10. The figure shows the graph of y = tan for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.
2
x
(a) Rewrite the inequality − 4 tan ≤ 3 into the form
2
x
tan ≥ k , where k is a constant.
2
x
(b) Hence, solve the inequality − 4 tan ≤ 3 for
2
0° ≤ x ≤ 360° by drawing a suitable straight line on the
graph.

Further Questions

11. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x).

(a) Solve the inequality f(x) < 2 graphically.
(b) Determine whether the following values of x satisfy the
inequality in (a).
(i) x=2
(ii) x = −1.5

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

x
12. The figure shows the graph of y = − cos for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.
3

Solve the following inequalities for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° graphically.

x
(a) − cos ≥1
3
x 1
(b) − cos − ≤0
3 2

x( x + 1)
13. The figure shows the graph of y = .
2
Solve the following inequalities graphically.
x( x + 1)
(a) <3
2
(b) x( x + 1) ≥ 1

Nf 14. The figure shows the graph of y = 2 log 3 x , where

x > 0. Solve the following inequalities graphically.
(a) − log 3 x ≤ 1
(b) 10 log 3 x + 6 > 0

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

15. The figure shows the graph of y = 3x − 2.

(a) Solve the inequality 3x − 1 ≥ 1 graphically.
(b) (i) Solve the inequality 5(3x) − 10 > 7 graphically.
(ii) Find the smallest integer x such that 5(3x) − 10 > 7.

Exercise 3D (§3.4 Transformations of Functions)

Nf

Basic Questions

T5 1. In each of the following figures, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained after a certain transformation on the
graph of y = f(x). Q is the image of a point P on the graph of y = f(x). Describe the transformation
involved.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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 NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

In each of the following, base on the relationship between g(x) and f(x), describe the transformation on the
graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = g(x). (2 − 5)
2. (a) g(x) = f(x + 1) (b) g(x) = f(x) − 1

3. (a) g(x) = f(−x) (b) g(x) = −f(x)

1 
4. (a) g ( x) = f  x  (b) g(x) = 2f(x)
2 

1
5. (a) g(x) = f(3x) (b) g ( x) = f ( x)
3

T6 In each of the following, the graph of y = x3 undergoes the given transformation to give the graph of
y = g(x). Write down the algebraic representation of g(x). (6 − 8)

T7 6. (a) Translate upwards by 4 units (b) Translate rightwards by 4 units

T8 7. (a) Reflect about the y-axis (b) Enlarge along the y-axis to 2 times the original

T9 1
8. (a) Reduce along the x-axis to times the original (b) Enlarge along the x-axis to 2 times the original
2

9. The following shows the tabular representation of a function f(x).

x −3 −1 0 4 6
f(x) −6 −2 1 2 6

If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by reflecting the graph of y = f(x) about the x-axis,
(a) express the relationship between g(x) and f(x),
(b) complete the tabular representation of g(x).

x −3 −1 0 4 6
g(x)

10. The following shows the tabular representation of a function f(x).

x −2 −1 0 1 2
f(x) −8 −2 0 2 8

If the graph of y = h(x) is obtained by reducing the graph of y = f(x) along the y-axis to 0.5 times the
original,
(a) express the relationship between h(x) and f(x),
(b) complete the tabular representation of h(x).

x −2 −1 0 1 2
h(x)

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

11. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by reflecting the

graph of y = f(x) about the x-axis. B is the image of A(10, 1).
(a) Express the relationship between g(x) and f(x).
(b) Find the coordinates of B.

12. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by

enlarging the graph of y = f(x) along the x-axis to 2 times
the original. B is the image of A(1, 1).
(a) Express the relationship between g(x) and f(x).
(b) Find the coordinates of B.

13. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x). The graph of y = g(x) is
obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) downwards by
2 units.
(a) Express the relationship between g(x) and f(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) on the same coordinate plane.

14. The figure shows the graph of y = tan x. The graph of y = g(x)
is obtained by reflecting the graph of y = tan x along the
y-axis.
(a) Find the algebraic representation of g(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) on the same coordinate
plane.

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

15. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x). It is given that g(x) = f(x + 4).
(a) Base on the relationship between g(x) and f(x), describe the
transformation on the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = g(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) on the same coordinate plane.

16. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x). It is given that g(x) = f(2x).
(a) Base on the relationship between g(x) and f(x), describe the
transformation on the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = g(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) on the same coordinate plane.

Further Questions

In each of the following, observe the relationship between g(x) and f(x) and describe the transformation on
the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = g(x). (17 − 19)
17. (a) f(x) = x2, g(x) = x2 + 5 (b) f(x) = x2, g(x) = (x − 1)2

18. (a) f(x) = 3x + 1, g(x) = −3x − 1 (b) f(x) = x2 − x + 1, g(x) = x2 + x + 1

19. (a) f(x) = tan x, g(x) = tan 3x (b) f(x) = 2 cos x, g(x) = cos x

20. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x), where f(x) = cos x. It is given that
g(x) = −cos x.
(a) Observe the relationship between g(x) and f(x), and describe the
transformation on the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = g(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) on the same coordinate plane.

21. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x), where f(x) = 2x − 4. It is given that
g(x) = x − 4.
(a) Observe the relationship between g(x) and f(x), and describe the
transformation on the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = g(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) on the same coordinate plane.

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

22. (a) Find the period of the function y = cos x.

(b) (i) Describe the transformation on the graph of y = cos x to get the graph of y = cos 2x.
(ii) Find the period of y = cos 2x.

23. Find the period of each of the following trigonometric functions.

(a) y = −cos x (b) y = sin 3x
x
(c) y = 2 sin x (d) y = tan
2

In each of the following, base on the relationships among h(x), g(x) and f(x), describe the transformations on
the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph of y = h(x). (24 − 25)
24. (a) g(x) = f(x − 1), h(x) = g(−x) (b) g(x) = f(x) + 1, h(x) = 2g(x)

1 
25. (a) h(x) = f(x + 1) − 1 (b) h( x ) = − f  x 
2 

26. In each of the following, the graph of y = x2 undergoes the given transformations to give the graph of
y = g(x). Write down the algebraic representation of g(x).
(a) First translate upwards by 4 units, and then translate leftwards by 3 units.
(b) First reflect about the y-axis, and then enlarge 5 times along the y-axis.
(c) First reduce along the x-axis to 0.5 times the original, and then translate rightwards by 1 unit.

27. The following shows the tabular representations of u(x) and v(x):

x −2 −1 0 1 2
u(x) 4 1 0 1 4
v(x) 5 2 1 2 5

(a) The graph of y = v(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = u(x) in the direction of the y-axis.
Describe the corresponding transformation.
(b) If the graph of y = w(x) is obtained by reflecting the graph of y = v(x) about the x-axis, complete
the following table.

x −2 −1 0 1 2
w(x)

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

28. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x). It is given that

g(x) = f(x + 1) and h(x) = g(−x).
(a) Base on the relationships among h(x), g(x) and f(x), describe
the transformations on the graph of y = f(x) to get the graph
of y = h(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = h(x) on the same coordinate plane.

29. In the figure, the graph of y = x 2 − 2 x + 5 undergoes two

transformations to give the graph of y = g(x). Describe the two
transformations involved.

30. In the figure, the graph of y = sin x undergoes two

transformations to give the graph of y = g(x).
(a) Describe the two transformations involved.
(b) Find the algebraic representation of g(x).

T1 Write down the domain of each function.

寫出各函數的定義域。
T2 Does the graph have reflectional symmetry? If it has, state its axis of symmetry.
該圖像是否具有反射對稱性質？若有，試寫出它的對稱軸。
T3 Which function(s) is/are periodic? State the period of each periodic function.
哪個(些)函數是週期函數？寫出各週期函數的週期。
T4 Solve the following equations graphically.
利用圖解法解下列各方程。

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NSS Mathematics in Action Supplementary Exercises 6A 3 More about Graphs of Functions

T5 In each of the following figures, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained after a certain transformation on the
graph of y = f(x). Q is the image of a point P on the graph of y = f(x). Describe the transformation
involved.
在下列各圖中，y = f(x) 的圖像經變換後得出 y = g(x) 的圖像，而點 Q 是 y = f(x) 的圖像上
點 P 的影像。試描述所涉及的變換。
T6 Write down the algebraic representation of g(x).
試以代數形式表示 g(x)。
T7 Translate upwards by 4 units
向上方平移 4 單位
T8 (a) Reflect about the y-axis (b) Enlarge along the y-axis to 2 times the original
(a) 沿 y 軸反射 (b) 沿 y 軸放大至原來的 2 倍
1
T9 Reduce along the x-axis to times the original
2
1
沿 x 軸縮小至原來的 倍
2

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