CHAPTER 2: BUDGETING

2.1
Đáp án: B

2.2
Đáp án: C
2.3
Đáp án: D
2.4
Đáp án: B
2.5
Đáp án: B
Sales – Cost of sales = Gross profit
2.6
Đáp án: C
Net profit = Gross profit - Expense
2.7
Đáp án: A
Net profit % = Net profit/ sales x 100
2.8
Đáp án: D
Budget production = closing inventory – opening inventory + budgeted sales
= 10%F4 - 10%F3 + F3
= 0,1F4 + 0,9F3
2.9
Đáp án: A
The volume variance per unit = fixed budget – flexed budget
= 126.100 – 130.855 = (4.755)
2.10
Đáp án: D
The expenditure variance = flexed budget – actual results
= 130.855 – 133.580 = (2.725)
2.11
Đáp án: B
The flexed budget profit = actual production and sales x profit per unit
= 6.000 x 12 = 72.000
2.12
Đáp án: A
After an output level of 5000 units, there is a step up in fixed cost of $1000.
The flexed budget profit = output x profit per unit – fixed costs increase
= 6.000 x 8 – 1.000 = 47.000
2.13
Đáp án: A
Contribution = sale revenue – variable production costs
2.14
Đáp án: D
Fixed Flexed budget Actual Variance
budget
Sale / 1.200 1.500 1.500 300
production
units
$ $ $ $
Sale revenue 60.000 75.000 74.000 -1.000
 Direct 21.600 = 75.000-30.000- 24.000 = 27.000-24.000
material 18.000 = 27.000 = 3.000
Direct labour 14.400 18.000 22.000 -4.000
Contribution 24.000 = 17.000+13.000 28.000 =-1.000-
= 30.000 3.000+4.000
=0
Fixed costs 17.000 17.000 16.500 500
Profit 7.000 13.000 11.500 na

Variable costs = sale revenue – contribution

Direct material = variable costs – direct labour
 Direct material = sale revenue – contribution – direct labour
The expenditure variance (Direct material) = flexed budget – actual