1.

D
[1]

2. C
[1]

¼;3. (a) the area under the curve; 1

(b) (i) arrows as shown, with up arrow shorter; 1

(ii) drawing of tangent to curve at t = 2.0 s;

calculation of slope of tangent in range 3.5–4.5 m s–2; 2
Award [0] for calculations without a tangent but do not
be particular about size of triangle.

(iii) calculation of F = ma = 0.50 × 4 = 2N

R(= mg – F = mg – ma = 0.50 × 9.81 – 2) ≈ 3N; 2

(iv) the acceleration is decreasing;

and so R is greater;
or
air resistance forces increase with speed;
since speed at 5.0 s is greater so is resistance force; 2

(c) (i) loss of potential energy is mg∆h = 0.50 × 9.81 × 190 = 932 J;
gain in kinetic energy is mv2 = 0.50 × 252 = 156 J;
loss of mechanical energy is 932–156;
≈ 780J 3
 (ii) mc∆θ = 780 J;
∆θ = ≈ 3K / 3 °C; 2

(iii) all the lost energy went into heating just the ball / no energy
transferred to surroundings / the ball was heated uniformly; 1
[14]

4. C
[1]

5. (a) (i)

identification of normal reaction/N and weight/W;

identification of friction and driving force;
correct directions of all four forces; 4
correct relative lengths; (friction = driving force and N W but
N must not be longer than W) (judge by eye)

(ii) zero; 1

(b) input power =

= 200 kW; 2
Award [2] for a bald correct answer.

(c) height gained in 1 s = (6.2 sin 6 =) 0.648 (m);

rate of change of PE = 8.5 × 103 × 9.81 × 0.648;
= 5.4 × 104 W; 3

(d) power used to overcome friction = (7 × 104 – 5.4 × 104 =) 1.6 × 104 (W);
(allow ECF from (c)) 4
F=;
= 2.6 kN; 3

(e) (i) component of weight down slope = 8.5 × 103 × 9.81 sin 6;
net force = 2.6 × 103 + 8.5 × 103 × 9.81 sin 6
= 11 kN; 2
Watch for ECF from (d).

(ii) air resistance decreases as speed drops;

so net force decreases; 2
[17]
6. B
[1]

7. (a) F cos 25 = 470;

520 N; 2

(b) (i) work done – 470 × 2500;

1.2 MJ;
Award [1 max] for power of 10 error. 2

(ii) ;
270 W; 2
Allow correct solution from power = F × v.

(c) work still done against friction ;

work done raising load vertically / increase in gravitational potential energy; 2
[8]

8. (a) attempt to equate gpe and ke;

v=; 2
11 m s–1
Award [0] for use of v2 = 2as. Allow use of g = 10 N kg1

(b) F=;
40 N ; 2

(c) (i) ball accelerates towards centre of circular path / OWTTE;

therefore force towards centre / upwards;
that adds to tension; 3

(ii) F = 8.9 N;
weight = (mg = 0.55 × 0.98) = 5.4N;
total = 14N; 3
Allow use of g = 10 N kg–1.
[10]

9. B
[1]

10. D
[1]
11. B
[1]

12. D
[1]

13. B
[1]

14. D
[1]
15. (a) average speed is the distance travelled divided by the time taken;
instantaneous speed is the rate of change of distance at a given instant (in time); 2

(b) find the area under the graph between t = 0 and t = t1;
this equals the distance travelled (by the ball);
average speed = ; 3
Award [0] for or

(c) acceleration = k;
application of Newton 2 e.g. net force on ball = Mg – F = kM;
F = M(g – k); 3

(d) net force=Mg – F;

acceleration is zero therefore net force is zero;
frictional force equals the weight/Mg; 3
[11]

16. A
[1]

17. (a) equation is for constant acceleration;

force varies and so acceleration changes; 2

(b) (i) average force = 2100 N;

acceleration = = 6.6 × 104 m s–2 2

(ii) uses area under the line;

1 square is equivalent to 0.125Ns;
area is 68 → 72 squares;
(to give momentum change 8.5 → 9.0Ns) 3

(c) (i) use of ∆p = m∆v;

v = 280 m s–1; 2
Allow value for momentum change from (b)(ii).

(ii) use of power = ;

change in kinetic energy = × 0.032 × 2802;
= power = 0.26 MW; 3
or
use of E = ;
;
power = 0.24 MW;
Award [0] for solution from P = Fv.
 (d) N3 states that action and reaction are equal and opposite;
so force on gun and force on bullet are action and reaction pair;
so force on gun is opposite direction to bullet/backwards; 3
[15]

18. B
[1]

19. (a) (i) zero; 1

 (ii)

correct position and labelling of

weight/gravity force/mg;
two reactions drawn as shown;
force downwards on pedals; 2 max
Ignore any other vertical forces and all horizontal forces.
The total upward vector lengths should approximately
equal the downward vector lengths.

(iii) drag force = thrust/forward force/driving force;

net force=zero therefore acceleration is zero; 2

(b) 320W ; 1

(c) (i) acceleration =

= 0.57 m s–2; 2

(ii) use of F∆s = mv2;

56m; 2
or
v2 = u2 + 2as equivalent seen and substituted correctly;
56m;
 (iii) sensible physical reason e.g. air resistance / bearing friction/
brakes’ effectiveness varies with speed;
attempt at explanation:
e.g. air resistance drops as speed drops, underestimate /
distance travelled will be further; 2
[12]

20. Mechanical power

(a) the rate of working / work ÷ time; 1
If equation is given, then symbols must be defined.

(b)
therefore, 2

(c) (i)
= 2
(ii) W = mgh = 1.2 × 104 × 300 = 3.6 × 106 J; 1
(iii) work done against friction = 4.8 × 103 × 5.0 × 102;
total work done = 2.4 × 106 + 3.6 × 106;
total work done = P × t = 6.0 × 106;
to give 4
 (d) (i) sinθ =
weight down the plane = W sinθ = 1.2 × 104 × 0.047 = 5.6 × 102 N;
net force on car F = 5.6 × 102 − 5.0 × 102 = 60 N;

5
(ii) v2 = 2as = 2 × 5.0 × 10−2 × 6.4 × 103;
to give v = 25 m s−1; 2

(e) 5.6 × 102 N; 1

[18]

21. B
[1]

22. Mechanical power

(a) (i)
= 2
(ii) W = mgh = 1.2 × 104 × 300 = 3.6 × 106 J; 1
(iii) work done against friction = 4.8 × 103 × 5.0 × 102;
total work done = 2.4 × 106 + 3.6 × 106;
total work done = P × t = 6.0 × 106;
to give 4
(d) (i) sinθ =
weight down the plane = W sinθ = 1.2 × 104 × 0.047 = 5.6 × 102 N;
net force on car F = 5.6 × 102 − 5.0 × 102 = 60 N;

5
(ii) v2 = 2as = 2 × 5.0 × 10−2 × 6.4 × 103;
to give v = 25 m s−1; 2

(e) 5.6 × 102 N; 1

[15]