Pahiyas Festival" by Manuel Baldemor

1 Can you identify and distinguish the element of art used in the painting How did the
artist achieve the festive effect?
2. In your opinion, how does color affect a work of art?

Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected
back to the eye. It has three properties namely hue, intensity, and value.
Hue refers to the name we give to a color, just like red, yellow, and blue among others.
Intensity is the strength and vividness of color. When a hue is bright and strong, it is
called "high in intensity." When a color is dull, we refer to it as "low in intensity'
Value refers to the lightness or darkness of color. The terms shade and tint are in
reference to value changes in colors.
Color harmony refers to the property of color that makes certain color combinations
aesthetically pleasant and creates harmonious contrasts. These types of color
combinations can be or complementary colors, split-complementary colors, color triads,
or analogous colors.

1. Complementary
Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are called
complementary colors. They look especially lively when they are used together,
making each color more noticeable. Examples of this are blue and orange.

2. Split-Complementary

The split-complementary color scheme isavariation of the complementary

Color scheme. Aside from the base color chosen, fwo colors that are adjacenton

fhe color wheel are used as ifs complement. Compared fo the complementary

Color scheme, splt-complemenfary has lesS fension and is less harsh.

3.

Triad

The friadic color scheme is named as such because it uses three col olors
that are eveniy spaced arournd the color wheel. The three colors are linked
a straighf line and form an equilateral trlangle. The most commonly used in
are the primary colors. From these prlmary colors are the secondary color
4 Analogous

Analogous color schemes use colors thaf are next to each ofher on the
color wheel. If is the simplest and most sfable harmony and forms the basis
for a color scheme. Choose one color that will dominate the scheme and a
second one to support it. The third color is used together with black, white, or
gray, as an accent. Many oft the color schemes arOund us are a combinafion
of analogous and complemenfary harmonles. Ihey are offen pleasing to the
eyes and are found in nature. Keep in mind fo have enough confrast when
choosing an analogous color scheme.

1. What do you notice In the painting?

2. Do you see the images in the distance?

Perspectfive is an arf fechnique thaf creates an illusion of space on a fwo-

dimensional (flat) surface. Simplyput, perspective is the approximate representation

of an image on a fiat surface as it is seen by the eye. Artists that make perspective
drawings assume that the viewer is at a certain distance away from the drawing
Objects are scaled relafive fo the viewer.

Perspective drawings have horizontal lines known as orthogonal lines. These

lines are the visual rays that point to the vanishing points on the horizon line. They
are also known as the lines of convergence." These lines are used to help give an
acCurate rendering of three-dimensional objects and scenes.

The fwO characteristics of perspective drawings include objects becoming

smaller as their disfance goes farther from the viewer, and objects becoming bigger
as their disfance comes Closer fo the viewer

Similar rules of perspective apply fo all subjects drawn whether in a landscappe

or seascape painfing, still life, or portrait or figure drawing. Perspective in art is what
gives it form and distance, making it look realistic.

ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE

A one-point perspective drawing has a single vanishing point that is often

directly opposite the viewer's eye and usually set on the horizon line. The horizon
line, also referred to as "eye level, is an imaginary line that goes horizontal through
your drawing.

In a one-poinf perspecfive drawing. the front plane of the object is directly

Tacing the viewer and all lines of perspective meef af a single vanishing point on
Tne horizon line. A vanishing poinf is the point placed on a horizon line where objects
Degin to disappear because of disfance. A good Way fo think of fhe vanishing
point is by picturing yourself standing on a carnival park. Looking at both directions,
you can see endlessly down the park. At some point, people at the park walking
Oway from you will become increasingly smaller until they completely disappear
ron vieW on the horizon line. Drawings with buildings, hallways, roads, and rallway
rdcks in them often use one vanishing point.

In the painting in the previous page, if can be observed that the suggestive
parallel lines created by the carriages and the side streers appear to meet on a
single vanishing point at the blurred part of the painting. Notice how the road goes
narrower as it gets farther away, as do the sides of the road.

Two-Point Perspective

A two-point perspective drawing has two vanishing points on the horizon line,
and two sets of parallel lines moving away from the viewer. The pair of horizontal
lines representing the top and bottom edge of a building or stfructure will recede
towards the left or right vanishing point, while the remaining set of parallel lines,
which are the vertical lines, will remain straight up and down.

In this type of perspective, the viewer sees the object or scene at one coner,
with two sets of parallel lines moving away from him or her. Ihese fwo points do not
necessarily have to be within the same picture plane, but they both should be found
on the same horizon line which goes on of the picture plane in both directions. A
two-point perspective is commonly used for drawing inferiors or exteriors of buildings
and structures. This point ocOuld be the corner of a structure

In fhe painting abOve, you can see from the corner of the church one point
representing a set of parallel lines, and the other point representing the other side of
the church. Parallel vertical lines are drawn to show where the building or structure ends