Experiment – Identification of functional group

Aim : To identify the functional groups present in an organic compound

Functional Experiment Observation Inference

group
1. Test for Bromine water test: Dissolve 0.1 g or Colour of bromine unsaturation in organic
unsaturation 5 drops of organic compound in 2 mL of water decolourizes compound is present
carbon tetrachloride in a test tube and
add 2% solution of bromine in carbon
tetrachloride or bromine water drop by
drop with continuous shaking
Test for Cerric ammonium nitrate test : Take 1 Appearance of red shows the presence of
alcoholic OH mL solution of organic compound .Add colour alcoholic – OH group
group a few drops of cerric ammonium
nitrate solution.
Test for Ferric chloride test : Take 2 mL of Appearance of a blue, indicates the presence
phenolic -OH aqueous or alcoholic solution of the green, violet or red of phenolic –OH group
group organic compound in a test tube, add colour
neutral ferric chloride solution
dropwise and note the colour change.
Test for 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine test (2,4- Appearance of yellow, confirms the presence
Carbonyl (-CO- DNP test) Take 2-3 drops of the liquid orange or orange-red of carbonyl group
)Group compound in a test tube or in case of precipitate
solid compound, dissolve a few crystals
of it in 2-3 mL alcohol. Add a few drops
of an alcoholic solution of 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine.
Tests for Tollen’s test - Add Tollens Reagent to Formation of a layer Indicates the presence
aldehydes only an aqueous or an alcoholic solution of of silver metal on the of an aldehyde.
the organic compound. Heat the inner surface of the
reaction mixture of step in a water bath test tube which shines
for about 5 minutes like a mirror
Schiff’s test Take 3-4 drops of the liquid Appearance of pink Indicates the presence
compound or dissolve a few crystals of colour of an aldehyde
organic compound in alcohol and add
2-3 drops of the Schiff’s reagent..
Test for Sodium hydrogencarbonate test : The evolution of brisk Indicates the presence
carboxyl (- Take 2 mL of saturated aqueous effervescence of CO2 of carboxyl group.
COOH ) group solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate
in a clean test tube. Add a few drops of
the liquid compound or a few crystals
of solid compound to it.
Ester test Take about 0.1 g compound Sweet smell of the indicates the presence
in a test tube, add 1 mL ethanol or substance formed of carboxyl functional
methanol and 2-3 drops of group in the
concentrated sulphuric acid. Heat the compound
reaction mixture for 10-15 minutes in a
hot water bath at about 50°C. Pour the
reaction mixture in a beaker containing
 aqueous sodium carbonate solution to
neutralise excess sulphuric acid and
excess carboxylic acid.
Test for Amine Carbylamine test Take 2-3 drops of the A foul smell of primary amino group is
(-NH2) group compound in a test tube and add 2-3 carbylamine is formed present
drops of chloroform followed by
addition of an equal volume of 0.5 M
alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution.
Heat the contents gently.