withstands both shearing and impact forces well. Its abrasion resistance is high, allowing it to wear down only slowly, an important property as enamel can undergo neither repair nor replacement Although enamel has a low tensile strength and is brittle, it has a high modulus of elasticity and this, together with the flexible support of the underlying dentine, minimises the possibility of fracture. Enamel has a high specific gravity (~3). Enamel is a complex, bioccramic composite in which the hydroxyapatite crystal vastly predominates.