International Journal of Advanced Research in Computers,
Electrical & Electronics
A Framework of IRIS Analysis and Prediction in Real Time
Security system
A Mamatha1, M Chiranjeevi2
1,
PG Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering
2
Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Avanthi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Tamaram (V), Visakhapatnam (Dist)., AP, India
Abstract— Iris recognition is the process of recognizing a
person by analyzing the apparent pattern of hisor her iris.
There is a strong scientific demand for the proliferation of
systems, concepts andalgorithms for iris recognition and
identification. This is mostly because of the comparativelyshort
time that iris recognition systems have been around. In
comparison to face, fingerprintand other biometric traits there
is still a great need for substantial mathematical and
computervision research and insight into iris recognition. One
evidence for this is the total lack ofpublicly available adequate
datasets of iris images. The program converts a photo of an eye
toan 'unrolled' depiction of the subject's iris and matches the
eye to the agent's memory. If amatch is found, it outputs a best
match. The current functionality matches that proposed in
theoriginal requirements.
Index Terms— iris recognition, biometric identification,
pattern recognition, segmentation
I. INTRODUCTION
A biometric device allows a person to be recognised automatically
based on a specific feature or characteristic. Fingerprints, facial
features, expression, hand geometry, handwriting, the retina, and
the iris, which is the subject of this study, have all been used to
create biometric systems.
Biometric systems begin by capturing a sample of the application,
such as capturing a digital sound signal for voice recognition or a
digital colour image for face recognition. The sample is then
converted into a biometric prototype using a mathematical
function. The biometric template will provide a normalised,
effective, and highly discriminating representation of the function
that can be objectively compared to other templates to determine
identity. The majority of biometric systems have two modes of
operation. There is an enrolment mode for adding templates to a
database, and an identification mode for creating a template for a
person and then looking for a match in the database of pre-enrolled
templates.
A good biometric is defined by the use of a feature that is highly
specific, secure, and easy to capture, with a low probability of two
individuals sharing the same characteristic. In addition, the
function does not shift over time. To make the user's life easier and
avoid misrepresentation of the function.
ADVANTAGESOFUSINGBIOMETRICS:
 Easierfrauddetection
 Betterthanpassword/PINorsmartcards
 Noneedtomemorizepasswords
 Requiresphysicalpresenceofthepersontobeidentified
 Uniquephysicalorbehavioralcharacteristic
 Cannotbeborrowed,stolen,orforgotten
 Cannotleaveitathome
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
• Preparation and testing are the key two steps of architecture,
according to E. Elfakhrany and Ben Bella S. Tawfik [1]. The key
phases of the system's development, personal identification via iris,
are implemented, with each step described in detail. Authors use
moment variants as a recognition feature. These are four features
that can be found in the features region. For classification, two
separate classifiers are used (minimum distance using Euclidean
distance and Mahalanobis distance). Preprocessing, feature
extraction, and classification are the three stages of the system.
They've taken 180 raw images for details (three sets). For training
and research, two sets of 120 iris images are used. The images are
first prepared for feature extraction in this process. After that, each
person's four features are calculated, and their mean value is
calculated and placed in the features space. The recognition rate
for Mahalanobis distance is 100 percent. This paper emphasises the
significance of the preprocessing stage in achieving high detection
rates. The traditional invariant moments with only three features
will achieve high recognition success, according to experimental
results. The author concluded that the Iris rectangular image has
unique characteristics, one of which is the small pixel intensity
variance. Since it is based on the statistics of the entire data, the
Mahalanobis distance classifier is the best in iris recognition.
• Radman and colleagues [2] Centered on Daugman's integro
differential operator IDO, a new iris segmentation algorithm was
proposed. This algorithm consists of three major modules:
reflections elimination, iris and pupil detection with a quick IDO,
and live-wire eyelid detection. To eliminate reflections, the iris
image is complemented, and the holes are filled in (holes are a
series of dark pixels surrounded by brighter pixels that cannot be
reached from the image's edge), after which the resulting image is
complemented once more. To complete the segmentation, the IDO
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searches parameters of the circular iris and pupil boundaries across
the entire image, and then uses a complex parabolic model to
localise eyelid boundaries. The author compared this segmentation
algorithm's recognition performance to that of state-of-the-art iris
segmentation methods. The author's method and all other methods
were used to segment each iris image, and the segmented irises
were then processed using the same normalisation, encoding, and
matching techniques. The proposed iris segmentation system had
the highest discriminating capabilities, which means it had the
highest GARs with the lowest EERs for both UBIRIS.v1 iris
pictures, according to the recognition efficiency results. In
addition, the proposed algorithm improved iris recognition
efficiency by speeding up the iris segmentation process and
increasing discriminating abilities.circumstances For pupil and iris
localization, a 2-D toroidal filter based on the 1-D Petrou-Kittler
edge filter was used. The properties and characteristics of the pupil
and the iris, as well as their relationship to one another, are
factored into this model. On a large dataset of non-ideal images
from WVU, high performance is achieved.
• Kong [7] created an algorithm based on the geometric properties
of a convex polyhedral cone that does not need any prior
knowledge (e.g., iris images). We may conclude from this paper
that an Iris Code or its variants prototype is a convex polyhedral
cone in hyperspace. A simple algorithm that can be implemented
in one MATLAB command line can compute its central ray, which
is a rough representation of the original biometric signal. The
central ray of an objective function on a group of distributions is
both an estimated and an ideal ray. The algorithms were tested
using two iris databases, the UBIRIS.v1 and West Virginia
University (WVU) iris databases, as well as one palm print
database. They evaluated only the red portion of colour images
because the iris texture is clearer in this component. The palm print
database has 7,500 photos from 250 people's right and left palms.
The central sections of palm prints were extracted. The central rays
of Ordinal Code used Iris Code as a tester. Iris Code is used to
align the central rays of Ordinal Code and the original images.
Cross-matching of all original images was done first in each set of
experiments, and the resulting genuine and imposter distributions
were estimated. After that, central rays were compared to their
parent8 images as well as all other iris images from the same eye.
Finally, this paper reconstructs high-quality images from models
while also providing a deeper understanding of the geometric
structures of Iris Code and its variants and investigating the risk
posed by this geometric detail.
• D. Sanchez and colleagues [8] suggested a new model of a Multi-
Objective Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm (MOHGA) for Modular
Neural Networks (MNNs) optimization based on the Micro
Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. The data is automatically
divided into granules or sub modules, and data for the training and
testing phases is selected automatically. They started by creating a
random population. There are two sections of this: a non-
replaceable component and a replaceable portion. The Institute of
Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences provided the
human Iris database.
III. PROBLEM STATEMENT
In comparison to other biometric identifiers, the majority of
currently deployed commercial iris recognition algorithms have a
very low false acceptance rate. Replay attacks are an issue for
certain biometric signatures, such as fingerprints. The liveness of
the eye can be used to search for replay attacks using the iris
biometric. As light is reflected into the eye, the pupil expands. This
improvement in pupil size can be measured using the algorithms
[2]. The iris image capture procedure is painless. Iris images can
be machine matched more accurately than face images, and iris
detection is said to be more reliable than any other biometric
technique [8], but there are some reservations about enrollment
failure rates (capturing the initial iris image to be used as a
template for comparing with other images). The rate at which a
biometric device fails to enrol a subject's biometric sample is
called the failure to enrol rate (FTE). The process of enrolling for
the first time in a subject necessitates some instruction.
IV. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Fig 1:-Architecture of IRIS identification
IMAGEPRE-PROCESSING
To get a better recognition result, some processing must be
performed before feature extraction.There are two stages of pre-
processing.To begin, locate the iris and delete the ―unuseful‖
sections of the original image (e.g. eyelid, pupil, etc.). The iris'
outer edge is detected in this design using histogram analysis first,
then a Hough transform to validate it accurately.Second, normalize
the localized iris to achieve invariance to changes in pupil size as
well as distance and angle of the image acquisition framework.
FEATUREEXTRACTIONANDCODING
Irises have a lot of texture, which contains a lot of useful material.
It's difficult to identify and locate semantically meaningful features
in an iris image, unlike other texture-based biometric identification
technologies. The feature extraction from the iris image is done
with a 2-D Gabor filter. D.Gabor invented the Gabor filter in 1946.
In 1980, J.Daugman extended it into 2-D form, and in 1985, he
further developed its character. J.Daugman pointed out that when
space localised, a 2-D Gabor filter could achieve frequency and
direction selectivity at the same time. Texture analysis is very easy
with such characters. The iris image is segmented into several
blocks, and the frequency and direction information for each sub-
block is obtained using a 2-D Gabor filter. Then, based on this
information, code the function information.
FEATUREMATCHING
In this design, the Hamming distance between their feature codes
is used to balance the object iris image and the regular iris image.
The Hamming distance is the number of different values on two
codes' corresponding Ds. The greater the Hamming distance
between two codes, the greater their difference. We decided on a
Hamming distance threshold value. If the Hamming distance is less
than this threshold, the two iris images should be from the same
person; however, they are from different people.
V. EXISTING APPROACH
In the existing system most of the technologies uses
biometrics for identity authenticationsuch as
• FingerprintRecognition
• VoiceRecognition
IJARCEE l ISSN:2394-2864 l Vol. 10l No. 3 l March 2021
 • SignatureRecognition that gives a binary 1ifthebits atpositionjin
CAandCBaredifferentand 0iftheyare similar.
• FaceRecognition
• PalmRecognition
VI. PROPOSED APPROACH
Iris recognition is the most powerful biometric
technology for authentication. Nothing
elsecomesclose.Itis

• Mostaccurate
Fig 2:-iris identification
• Scalable
• Opt-in VII. Results Analysis

• Non-contact
• Interoperablecameras
Depending on the type of camera, an iris recognition
camera takes a black and white image from a distance of 5
to 24 inches. The camera employs non-intrusive near-
infrared illumination (similar to a TV remote control) that
is barely visible and extremely protected. The Iris Code
template created from a live image is compared to
previously enrolled ones in less than a few seconds, even
on a database with millions of records. And when a large
number of Iris Code models are compared with the live Fig 3 :- Home page
one, the decision threshold is automatically modified for
the size of the search database to ensure that no false
matches occur.

• Any of the bits in an Iris Code template indicate if any

data is skewed (for example, due to reflections or contact
lens boundaries), so that the method is not influenced and
only correct data is compared. The matching operation
compensates for any tilt of the iris, and decision thresholds
take into account the amount of visible iris data.

Iris recognition has the advantage of being able to conduct

identification using a one-to-all database search, with no
restriction on the number of Iris Code records and no
Fig 4:-Browse the file to check
requirement for a user to first assert an identity, such as
for a passport.

. VII. ALGORITHM
This test enables the comparison of two iris patterns.
This test is based onthe idea that the greater the
Hamming distance between two feature vectors, the
greaterthe difference between them. Two similar irises
will fail this test since the distancebetween them will
be small. In fact, any two different irises are
statistically ―guaranteed‖to pass this test as already
proven. The Hamming distance (HD) between two
Booleanvectorsisdefinedasfollows: Fig 5:-Image selected for identity

Where, CA and CB are the coefficients of two iris

images and N is the size of the featurevector (in our
case N = 702). The is the known Boolean operator

IJARCEE l ISSN:2394-2864 l Vol. 10l No. 3 l March 2021

 10mac.2013,KualaLumpur,Malaysia
2) A. Radman, K. Jumari, N. Zainal,‘ Fast and reliable
irissegmentation algorithm‘, IET Image
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Fig6:- Testing the image for recognisation by using the code Intelligence, Vol. 35,No.4,Pp-784-796,April 2013.
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FevrierValdez,‗ModularGranularNeuralNetworks
OptimizationWith Multi-Objective Hierarchical Genetic
Algorithm For Human Recognition Based On Iris Biometric‘
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Fig9:- Accuracy of the image at the code 1 is 100%

VIII. CONCLUSION

We've successfully created a new iris recognition device that can

compare two digital eye images. This identification system is
relatively simple, requiring only a few components, and it is
efficient enough to be incorporated into security systems that
require identity verification. The errors that occurred can easily be
avoided by using reliable equipment. We may expect iris
recognition systems to become the leading technology in identity
authentication, based on the distinctness of the iris patterns.

REFERENCES

1) E.Elfakhrany,BenBellaS.Tawfik‗IRISRecognitionusing
Conventional Approach‘ IEEE 9th internationalcolloquium
on signal processing and its applications,pp-89-94,8-

IJARCEE l ISSN:2394-2864 l Vol. 10l No. 3 l March 2021