Chapter 3) DATUM FEATURES - FUNCTIONAL AND MANUFACTURING . Introduction Wnilst it is not the prerogative of the designer to decide the details Of the machining, for a component, it is often possible to foretell the SEQUENCE of some of. the machining processes involved. From knowing this sequence the designer can identify the manufacturing datua face, }and fron this, the recuires manufacturing dimensions. Ff the manufacturing detum face is different from the functional detum face then a certain procedure is involved - to substitute a functional dinension by a hanufacturing dimension, and in the interests Of accuracy this re-dinensfoning is the duty of the designer. 3.1 Functional Datum | datum feature is an important feature - a locating or a positioning fe can be a face (a surface) or the centre line feature. A datum feate of a hole. nal “datum feature is a face, or a hole, in a component ‘portance to the function of the’ component in the machine. Sparation of a component detail drawing from the assen- bly drawing, it is necessary to identify functional datum Eaces and holes - thove faces and holes which are critical ta the fonction of the component. “These features will have small tolerance aimensions, for example in fiy.J.J there.ara four functional features. tne 23:3/5 mm Limits indicate that this diameter is, to be @ running fit in a mating component (from B.5.4500) « 15-627 The 15.00 dard 8 dimension (B.S.4500). x nsions, 33°3 ana 15°00 unctiona p > he, tuo Linear dimensions, 1515 and 7195 are functional, Ainen Limits indicate an important internal feature - a stan-oy rnc ‘wnouanne—F ov J E J AAO oNtanLovanNyn Benzene omeny ae Od (99N] NOISNMNG 0 sworsoute wa BHOTWE-SWENE” aoa mowva cesar f \ 53. nnavo of agra sa0ve ie 328 rave OL cst7H S203 08. CE & OTWA-SIN-ONIS siamo.47 sions in that they indicate that the bottom face of ‘the groove is functionally important, both to the right-hand end face and the right~ hand face of the 60 mn’diameter; therefore, the bottom of the groove 9900:000 4s a functional datum face (Fiz.3.2). In Fig.3.2 the hole is a @atum feature ~ a functional datum feature ~ because each end face of the pin is important (a small tol- @rance dimension) in relation to the hole centre (Fig. 3.4). A component detail drawing must present information in a form that is suitable for manufacture, that is it must show the required manufacturing dimensions. 2.9 me Machining Sequence Consider the stud (Pi7.3.1) with regard to the machining processes required. There are two types of machining processes: turning, for. the two diameters and the end faces, and machining the ofoove. The details of the turning process need not be knowns whether the stud is processed on a centre lathe, capstan, or automatic bar machine is of no consequence. Similariy, the groove may be processed by milling, planing, shaping, slotting or broaching. ‘The SEQUENCE of the two processes is certain; turning is the first, cutting the groove is, Second. Ilence, for the turning operation a direct dimension: (with appropriate limits) is reqaired for the length of the 39 madiameter. These limits can not be obtained by adding e 35-3 15+00 he 3510 and jgrgs Limits, 3.3 Manufacturing Datum he manubaetar iy eitum face forthe tarning operation (Fy.t.1) ts the right tat cn face of Uwe enmpchent = a change ol tine datum tar, nthe datum face is changed ther, is, inevitably, a reduction in tolerance in one, or more, dimensions, l Further, dimensions must never be duplicated. This means that in showing the new dimension: for the ym 08-39 mm diameter, one of the two chain dimensions, (33°3 ana 13°00) must be omitted from the drawing. 35.9290 eas, : In the interests\of ebtaining the largest tolerance possible for Gus the dimensions involved, the dimension having the largest tolerance will be omittea, viz. the 38:3 dimension, because the tolerance of the onitted dtmension is the total: tolerance for the renaining, controlling, , Sinension Ula fees 3.4 Changing the Datum the procedure to be followed when changing the datum face may be summarized thus , (2) decide the required manufacturing datum face. ) (2) Decide the required manufacturing dimension(s) [which also involves deciding the omi:ted dimension (s) . (3), Determine the tolerance for each of the (new) manufacturing dimensions.