MES. College of Engineering, Pune-411001 NAME OF STUDENT :KARAD OMKAR V._CLASS: TEB SEMESTER/YEAR: _ Sth ROLL NO: 69 DATE OF PERFORMANCE: DATE OF SUBMISSION: EXAMINED BY: EXPERIMENT NO: 4 TITLE: Heat Transfer in Natural Convection Apparatus. (CO1, CO3) AIM: Determination of heat transfer coefficient in Natural Convection. OBJECTIVES: 1, To find Local heat transfer coefficient & Average heat transfer coefficient. 2. To find Experimental heat transfer coefficient & Theoretical heat transfer coefficient, 3. To study Thermal boundary layer & velocity boundary layer on vertical cylinder. INTRODUCTION: In contrast to the foreed convection, natural convection phenomenon is due to the temperature difference between surface & liquid and is not created by any external agency such as a blower, pump ete. The present experimental set up is designed & fubricated to study the natural convection phenomenon from a vertical cylinder, THEORY: ‘When a hot body is kept in still atmosphere, heat is transferred to the surrounding fluid by natural convection. In natural convection, ‘Nu’ is a function of Gr & Pr. Nu = C(Gr x Pr)" AL Nu 2 or = PATH Cy pr He Heat Transfer Page 1 SearmedihConSzarnerMES. College of Engineering, Pune-411001 SCHEMATIC SKETCH OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: Heat TransferCollege of Engineering, Pune-411001 C &n : Constants depending on shape & orientation of heat transferring surfaces h —_: Heat transfer coefficient L_: Length of cylinder k ——: Thermal Conductivity of fluid v Kinematics Viscosity of fluid ——_: Dynamic viscosity q B g p 1 Specific heat of fluid at constant pressure : Co-efficient of thermal expansion of fluid : Acceleration due to gravity AT: Overall temperature difference For gases 1 b= Tm Where Tm : Mean film temperature +T eo 2 Tn For vertical cylinder loosing heat by natural convection, the constants C & n have been determined as mentioned in following table & the following empirical correlation can be used. Nu = C(Gr x Pr)" GxPr [C [N 10% 10° | 0.56 | 1/4 108-10" [0.13 [13 All properties of fluid are determined at the mean fluid temperature. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: ‘The apparatus consists of brass tube fitted in a rectangular duct in a vertical fashion. The duct is open at the top & bottom end. One side of duct is made up of glass for visualization. ‘The heater rod is completely fitted along the height of the brass tube. There are eight thermocouples used in the apparatus. The temperature of vertical tube is measured by seven thermocouples. The eight, thermocouple is open in the duct to measure the temperature of air. These thermocouples are connected to a digital temperature indicator. The heat input to the heater rod is measured by an ammeter & voltmeter and is varied using a dimmer stat. The air layers in contact with hot body gets heated & rises up due to decrease in its density & cold air rushes in to the place. The process is continuous & heat transfer takes place due to relative motion of hot & cold air pattern Heat Transfer Page 3 SeamednthConScamerCollege of Engineering, Pune-411001 SPECIFICATIONS: 1, Tube diameter , d : 38mm 2. Total tube length , L : 520mm 3. Position of Thermocouples on tube from the le XL = 10mm x2 = 70mm x3 = 110mm x4 = 210mm XS =310mm x6 10 mm X7 =510mm 4, Temperature Indicator range: 0- 400°C 5. Voltmeter range : 0-500V 6. Ammeter range : O-5A 7. Dimmer stat range : Q-1000W PROCEDURE: 1. Switch on main supply and then the heater switch. 2. Adjust the heater to the predetermined voltage value using the dimmer stat. 3. Wait for steady state to be attained. 4, Note down the temperature readings from the digital temperature indicator and the enclosure air temperature. 5. Also note the current & voltage supplied to the heater rod. 6. Now bring back the dimmer stat back on zero position. 7. Switch off the heater. 8. Then switch off the main supply. ASSUMPTIONS: 1, Assume Constant heat flux along the vertical rod. 2. Assume Laminar flow of fluid. 3. System is in steady state condition 4, Power factor, cos = 1 5. Conduction and radiation losses are neglected. PRECAUTION: 1. Keep the dimmer stat to zero value before start. 2. Increase the voltage slowly 3. Use proper range of volimeter & ammeter. 4, Operate the selector switch of temperature indicator gently. Heat Transfer Page 4 SeamednthConScamerM.ES. College of Engineering, Pune-411001 OBSERVATION TABLE: Sr. | Voltage] Current | ‘Temperature of tube surface @C) | Enclosure air No. |_(V) A) temp @C) Vv I T [hh [le] h Te L 40 0.45, S1_| 52 | 54 | 54 | 58 | 55. 55. 32 2. 44. oas | 54 [54 [56] 57 [58] 57] 55 33 3. a8 052___| 57 [38 [60 [or [o2 [62] 59 34 4. 31 0.56 | a1 [62 [65 | 66 | 67 | 66 | 64 34 5. 55 0.60 65_| 66 | 69 | 70 | 72 | 71 61 34 Heat Transfer Page 5 SeamednthConScamer_|-Coleulations 1) Heot Supplied 2) Experimental Val ye = vIces@ = 43 x0.52x 4 = 24.96 w/ 2) Average Tem peratun: Ts - (H+h +Te +7 +75 + Te Te } F 2 574+58+60+6 1462462459 Eq Ts = 89.85'c" -@ ___|| 3]_ Temperature _dikterence AT = Te-Tm = 59-85-34 AT = 25.35 ; 4) Brea ok Whe _ A= Wd X38 X10 x 500 xlo> 5) _ - gi = 9 24.96 = 402.12 W/na2 A-bbe 0.06207 ~ SeamednthConScamerJe) Average head tronsler_coelh |___ havg_= 9 402.12 = 15.55 _ Ar 2585 —_——_||_b) Theoretical values ” ") Tn = +Te = 59.85+3¢ = 46,.925°%c 2. z B- 2) Cackt ok thermal Expansion ob thuicl t - 1 = 3125x105 Tr +273 46.925+273 %)_ Prot Kies ob aix ct T= 46.9'c 1.103% be Jen3 ~ 17. 640 x Lo-€ mt: = 0.69% = 91.019 X10? wt /hy = booes r Op wicla = 2 3X 1o7> wimk A) Ganshoth No Go = SRAM - ue [= 9.81% 9.125K10% ¥25. 85 XS20 x10 Gr = (17.643 X10") * 13.23 xIo8 SeamednthConScamerGy x py = 13 23x 1px 0.698 = 9.23% 108 Gax Px fies bet lo® 402.J2 = 14.36 w/ my Te -Tx 62-34 blz = q' > 402.12 = 16.08 W/mte ; Te + Teo 59-34 bi TReareticad Value Por_hl, @ = Im, = Ti+Tes = S743 2. 465% e 2 _ B= I \ = 3.03X107 Tm+275 S7+273 fox Tro= 45.5 jo U 17.50 X jg” my pe = 27.49 KF fre | Pr = 0-698 SeamednthConScamerG===0 Gas A pare|e — IBIS OSKIO g2.3x (lex 107) ae (17.58 X 10°) > = 2232.35 = 2222.38 X 0.69 = (SSR.18 Nua tt (568.18 uote? = 1 (156818) ZT A3X 16> Wk = 10.29 wink For hl Tm, = Tattoo = S8¥34 = 46 2 i e- ' - \ = 3.13x [o> Tent 23 464273 “Tens 46'¢ Pr = 0.698 U_= _17-55x 10% mk —— w= 2758 X109 wWieok = thane = G81 K 419 Xio3 x2d.x(7OKI0™) a = Lae tot SeamednthConScamerGa x Pos 82.06X10%x 0,698 = 57.27% tot = Nu =58¢ (67°27Klot hy ovie® = 0.86 (57.27KI0 27.53 x 10> a ae nt “= 6.06 Wintk “Cah \ Tms = Tet Te = 6ot3¢ = 47 2D z B=) = = 3.125 x jo? Trg+2T 474273 ~ 46 (7.85 X_10°S my my, Po = 0.69% u ke 27.73 X108% Wiegk y= 8 Bares! > 9B) x3.125 xIOSK26 x(oxtoSP Li7.65.x1074)* =_ 24.05 xlo$ Dy = BH. OS X1OSKO.6IG = 23-76 K105 0.56 (23.76 X108) ”3) _ ——— oe Wx Maylo® = 0:56 (23.76 4108) 277RX10 . Wyla = S.SS Wimtk Foe ble ye = Tey Te = $1434 = 47-3 rT? = = - p= ~ = 12x10? Teng 273 4754273 Tr = 47.5 u = 17.70% 106 my. Pr = 0.69% = 27.88x10% Wimk “Gar = 435 we InzeKio kets Pea Ore? Ga g Barxe,> ue = FSIXB12x o> ¥o7x (210x109)? (17.76 x10%)* 24.42 108 Gr. Py_= 24.42% 106 x0.698 17.04 x1o# SeamednthConScamerNe = 0.56 (oe xin WxUOLIO? = 9.66 17.04x 105) LUBE YIOF y= 477 WI rede Sea tb e Te= Tat To = €2434 = 48 Zz 2 B= =) = 3.USKIO™ Vmg+273 484273 m= 48 We = 17.75 ¥(9"6 mn) Pr_= 0.69% # = 2798 xX lo Wik Gx = Mena g? = 93153 USK10F ¥24x0310 x03) ae C1775 x to *)D = _$30.9ox 1o* Grr Pr = %0.90x LoS x 0.698 =aSe.4¢ Klo% pxaicuie® = 6Selecagne'y® 2798x107 = A38 SeamednthConScamer— G===0 a iz - _ - Ye= T+ Ts = 62424 = 48 2 vu B= \ —=—_1 = d-lisy¥ Jo Time +273 484278 _ Tm: 48 — e Pa = 0.698 = \7.7S¥ 10S my u = 27.98% 10? wimk Qa = O88T2-3 = 9.81 x3 1isvio® y2a xlaloxie2? ee — (17.75 x10°S)* = ASTI X1o™ Tei nace = exe hxdtoxio?® . 0.56 U13.08x107 4 27.9% X10 = 4.08 Wim2e 7 Fors ht. Ths Gate = 59F84 2 465 a z Pe — = 3129x 10% Tt273 46594973 Seamed ansearne0x oS mils us Ke = 27.68% 16 Wimk Gyr = SBAT eS = 9-21 3.12 9XIo3 v2SM (SIO x10 >)> Ge 17.66 X los )* = 22.86 x (o7 Gy x Po = G2.R6 vIO7 x 0.698 22.93x lo? bx S70V i933 = 0:56(2293x107) 6 27.68 x 10? | \y = 3.74 Wik edn ConScamerMES. College of Engineering, Pune-411001 RESULT TABLE: Si JL TCC) ]Tw« |B x|v = Pr Gr GrPr [Nu | Convective No. | (m) cc) | 10% | 10% Heat Tranfer kK) las Coefficient ) (W/m?°C) Prac __| Theor ‘Average Heat Transfer Coefficient T. [052 [59.85 | 46.92 |3.125 |17.64|27.33 [0.698 | 14.77 | 10.30 [131.28 [13.93 [7.001 X10*8 | X10*8 Local Heat Transfer Coefficient 2. [O01 [57 [455 [3.03 | 17.50 | 27.49 [0.698 1558.18 [3.74 [1748 | 10.29 3. [007 [58 [46 [3.13 [17.55 [27.58 [0.698 3727 | 1540 | 16.755 | 6.06 X10%4 4 foi [60 [47 3.125 | 17.65 | 27.78 | 0.698 23.76 [2198 |1546 [5.55 X10*5 3. [oat [él |47.5 |3.12 [17.70] 27.88 | 0.698 17.04 [35.97 | 1489 [4.77 X10°6 6 Jos! |62 [48 [3.115 |17.75|2798 [0698] 80.90 [5646 [4854 | 1436 |4.38 x10%6 | X10*7 7. [oar fez (48 [3.015 [17.75 | 27.98 [0.698 [18.71 [13.05 [5985 [1436 | 4.08 x10*7_| X10*7 8 [ost [59 [465 |3.129 |17.60| 27.68 [0.698 [32.86 [22.93 | 68.91 | 1608 |3.74 x10*7_| x10*7 Heat Transfer SearmedihConSzarner Page 15M.ES. College of Engineering, Pune-411001 Chart Title 20 v.48 18 1675 16.08 48 15.46 36 14.36 zu Ex 8 10.29 510 fe 2g 4 2 ° 10 70 uo 210 310 210 510 lenght of tube —therotical, practical CONCLUSION: Have found the Local heat transfer coefficient & Average heat transfer coefficient also experimental heat transfer coefficient & Theoretical heat transfer coefficient. We have studied ‘Thermal boundary layer & velocity boundary layer on vertical cylinder Heat Transfer Page 16 SearmedihConSzarner