Period 5 Hyperdoc (1844-1877)

Key Concept 5.1: The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an
expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for
many migrants from other countries.

Key Concept 5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over
slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.

Key Concept 5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested Reconstruction of the
South settled the issues of slavery and secession but left unresolved many questions about
the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.

Introduction Period 5

Watch the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History Video on Period 5

https://vimeo.com/111150889?scrlybrkr=e4663dd1

Topic 5.1 Contextualization

Explain the context in which sectional conflict emerged from 1844 to 1877.

Topic 5.2 Manifest Destiny

Directions: Watch the Khan Academy video

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/civil-war-era/sectional-tension-185
0s/v/manifest-destiny
on Manifest Destiny and answer the questions below.

1. What was discovered in California in January 1848?

2. Who coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny”?
3. What drew people to the West during this period?
4. What path brought people to the Willamette Valley?
5. What tripled between 1800 and 1860?
6. When was the Transcontinental Railroad completed?
7. What did it do to the travel time across the country?
8. What was the Homestead Act?
9. Who was the Homestead Act open to?
10. Who painted American Progress in 1872?
11. What is the message of this painting?
 12. Describe the imagery used in this painting. (symbols of wilderness v. symbols of
‘civilization’?
13.What were the effects of westward expansion?

Topic 5.3 The Mexican-American War

Directions: Watch Crash Course US History # 17 War and Expansion

https://youtu.be/tkdF8pOFUfI
And complete the guided questions below.

1. March 13, 1836, who defeated Americans at the Alamo?

2. How did the US get Texas just days before Polk’s election?
3. Who did the US negotiate a treaty with for the Oregon territory?
4. What did Polk use an excuse to declare war?
5. Who was thrown in jail in defiance of the war?
6. What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?
7. What were the results of the treaty?
8. What was nativism?
9. What was the American Party also known as?
10. What party formed in 1848?

Topic 5.4 The Compromise of 1850

Directions: Watch the video on The Compromise of 1850 https://youtu.be/uvlUqV1vwTc,

the article below
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/civil-war-era/sectional-tension-185
0s/a/compromise-of-1850 and use your notes to complete the chart below.

Piece of Legislation in the Compromise Which side does it benefit?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Topic 5.5 Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences

Directions: Using your Amsco Chapter 13 notes and the Khan Academy Video “Sectional
Conflict: Regional Differences” https://youtu.be/H-EDcke6n9E to complete the chart below
describing the characteristics of each region.
North South

Economy

Population/ Social
Differences

Ideological differences

Key Leaders

Railroads

Factories and
Manufactured Good

Topic 5.6 Failure of Compromise

Directions: Using the articles linked in the statement below, the Khan Academy link
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history/period-5/apush-failure-of-compromise-lesson/
a/the-kansas-nebraska-act, and your notes from your readings, complete the graphic organizer below.

The years before the Civil War saw several different compromises and acts each time new states
would join the union. Congress sought to always keep a balance of Free and Slave states.
Compromise Description Results and
problems

Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850

Kansas-Nebraska Act
Directions: Watch the video on Dred Scott v. Sandford and answer the questions that
follow. https://youtu.be/sWuXMjrv4aA

1. When was the court case decided?

2. Who was Dred Scott?
3. What kind of suit does Dred Scott file and what is his argument?
4. What’s the controversy during the 1850’s center around?
5. How did the Fugitive Slave Act escalate the situation?
6. What is the Supreme Court ruling?
7. What is the impact of this case on the Missouri Compromise?
8. What was Chief Justice Taney’s reasoning?
9. How did Americans respond to this decision?
10. How is this decision a cause of the Civil War?
11. What happened to Dred Scott?

Topic 5.7 Election of 1860 & Secession

Directions: Watch the Crash Course US History #18 The Election of 1860 and the Road to
Disunion https://youtu.be/roNmeOOJCDY
and answer the questions below.

1. What does John Green say caused the Civil War?

2. What was the most controversial aspect of the Compromise of 1850?
3. Why was this law terrifying to free blacks in the North?
4. What did Douglas believe would unite the country?
5. What was the result of the Kansas Nebraska Act?
6. What party formed with the goal of stopping the spread of slavery?
7. What happened in Kansas?
8. When did Kansas join the Union and was it a free or slave state?
9. What did the Supreme Court say in Dred Scott v. Sandford?
10. What happened at Harpers Ferry, Virginia?
11. What proved Lincoln’s eloquence and electability?
12.Who were the candidates in the Election of 1860?
13.What new nation did 7 Southern states form after they seceded?

Topic 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War

Directions: Use your notes and the Khan Academy video links on the Military Conflict in the
Civil War to answer the questions below.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history/period-5/apush-military-conflict
-in-the-civil-wa-lesson/v/strategy-of-the-civil-war

Strategy of the Civil War

1. What is the first “battle” of the Civil War?
2. The Battle of Manassas is also known as?
3. Who wins the battle?
4. What are the advantages for the Confederacy?
5. What are the advantages for the Union?
6. What is the South’s strategy?
7. How much of the world’s cotton supply is the South producing?
8. What’s the North’s strategy called?
9. Describe the Anaconda Plan.
10. What were the 2 major theaters of war?
Early Phases of the Civil War
11. What is the problem with the North?
12. Why does Lincoln feel the first year of the war went to the South?
13.When was the Civil War?
14. Where does Lee go into the North to attack for the first time?
15. What is significant about this battle?
16. When is this battle?
17. Who was the leading photographer of the day?
Significance of the Battle of Antietam
18. Why was it important?
19.What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
20. Where did Great Britain get cotton from?
21.What was the impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
22. What did Antietam make clear?
Battle of Gettysburg
23. How many slave states eventually seceded and formed the Confederate States of
America?
24. Why does Lee try to invade the North again?
25. When do Lee’s forces and Meade’s forces meet?
26. When is the Battle of Gettysburg?
 27. What is the last hurrah of the Southern forces?
28. Who wins the Battle of Gettysburg?
29. What is the result and impact of this Union victory?
30. What happens July 4, 1863?
31.Why is Vicksburg significant?
32. November 1863 what significant event takes place?
Later Stages of the American Civil War 1863
33. Who is the Union commander of the western theater of the war?
34. Grant becomes the General in Chief after the capture of?
Later Stages of the Civil War-- the Election of 1864 and Sherman’s March
35. Where are the Union forces going to attack Lee?
36. What is the plan for total war in the South?
37. Who is the Union leader who leads this plan?
38. When does Sherman take Atlanta?
39. What are some of the concerns from the Republican Party about Lincoln?
40. Who is Lincoln’s running mate?
41.Where is he from?
42. Who is the Democratic candidate?
43. What is the turning point of the election for Lincoln?
44. What is the campaign slogan?
45. December 25, 1864, Sherman offered what Georgia city to Lincoln as a Christmas
present?
Later Stages of the Civil War-- Appomattox and Lincoln’s Assassination
46. Who is the Confederate President?
47. Where is the surrender of Lee and the Confederate Armies?
48. How many Americans have died?
49. What is Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?
50. Who is John Wilkes Booth?
51. What was the original plan?
52. Who else are they planning to kill to cripple the government?
53. How does Booth kill Lincoln?
54. Where is Lincoln killed?
55. Who is wounded badly but not killed?
56. Who becomes President at Lincoln’s assasination?
 57.Why is Johnson’s Presidency problematic?
58. Who dominated Congress at the time?
59. What is the result of the Civil War?

Topic 5.9 Government Policies During the Civil War

Directions: Read the article on the Emancipation Proclamation

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/civil-war-era/slavery-and-the-civil-
war/a/the-emancipation-proclamation

1. What was Lincoln’s message in his first inaugural address?

2. What did more radical members of the Republican party see the secession of the
South as the opportunity to do?
3. What 4 slave states had not seceded from the United States?
4. How were the Union soldiers viewed by enslaved populations in the south?
5. What battle gave Lincoln the decisive victory and the opportunity to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation?
6. What was the Emancipation Proclamation intended to be?
7. How did people receive the message of the proclamation?
8. What opportunity were they given?
9. Who was exempted and why?
10. What expanded the temporary war measure and made it law?
11. What promise did the Emancipation Proclamation make?

Directions: Watch the video below on the Gettysburg Address

https://youtu.be/aXm8y90pQ8Q to answer the questions that follow.

1. When is the Gettysburg address given?

2. How long ago is “four score and seven years ago”?
3. What are the founding principles of our country?
4. What is being tested in less than 100 years?
5. What word is being used more and more?
6. What are the American forces fighting for?
7. What is Lincoln reminding everyone of?
8. What is the real power of the Gettysburg Address?
Topic 5.10 Reconstruction

Directions: Watch the Crash Course US History on Reconstruction

https://youtu.be/nowsS7pMApI , the APUSH Review video on Reconstruction
https://youtu.be/54vjFvxp0sk, and use your textbook notes and readings to answer the
questions below and complete the graphic organizer.

1. What is Reconstruction?

2. What are the Reconstruction Amendments?

3. What is the impact of the 14th and 15th amendments?

4. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

5. What were the short term successes of Reconstruction?

6. What was the biggest success of Reconstruction?

7. What is the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

8. What is sharecropping?

9. Why did Reconstruction fail?

10. What is the Compromise of 1877?

11. What are ways the South resisted Reconstruction and the 14th and 15th

Amendments?

12.What did Plessy v. Ferguson say?

13.What was the Grandfather clause?

14. How are these amendments used in the 20th century?

Lincoln’s 10% Johnson’s Plan Radical Reconstruction

Plan

Time Period

Policy on Southern
States Readmission
to the Union

Reaction to the Plan

Treatment of African
Americans

Views on
Reconstruction
Amendments

Treatment of the
South

Successes and
Failures of the Plan

Topic 5.11 Failure of Reconstruction

Directions: Watch the Khan Academy video on the Failure of Reconstruction

https://youtu.be/FqPozblg-MY
1. What was the 13th Amendment?
2. What was the 14th Amendment?
3. What was the 15th Amendment?
4. In terms of freedom, what were things like before Reconstruction?
5. In terms of freedom, what were things like after Reconstruction?
6. What is sharecropping?
7. What were Black Codes?
8. In terms of citizenship, what were things like before the Civil War?
9. When was the 14th amendment ratified?
10. Who could vote and participate in democracy in the years before the Civil War?
11. How does that change after Reconstruction?
12.What limits were placed on the expansion of democracy?
13.What terrorist group was created?
14.What voter suppression tactics were put in place?
15. How did the Reconstruction Amendments change lives for African Americans?
16.Who were scalawags and carpetbaggers?
17. What did they lay the foundation for?

Topic 5.12 Comparison in Period 5

Watch the Khan Academy Big Takeaways from the Civil War
https://youtu.be/8YAJbAcRnsk and use your notes to answer the following questions.

1. How has the country changed in terms of the views of slavery during the period?
2. How does the Civil War change the view of the United States from a union of states to
a nation? “These United States are versus The United States is”
3. How does the United States change economically?
 4. What challenges does the South face during Reconstruction?
5. What is the impact of the Civil War on women?
6. What was the impact of the Civil War on the nation as a whole?

Skill Practice

Document 1: Senator Robert J. Walker, “The Texas Question,” United States Magazine and
Democratic Review, 1844

“That Texas is to be, sooner or later, included in the Union, we long have… regarded as an event
already indelibly inscribed in the book of future fate and necessity. And as for what may be termed
the antislavery objection, this has no greater force than the other. The question of slavery is not a
federal or national but a local question… It would not, in all probability, be difficult to obtain the
consent of Mexico, or such recognition by her of the independence of Texas.”
Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Purpose: Audience:

Document 2: Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

“And upon full and careful consideration… Dred Scott was not a citizen of Missouri within the
meaning of the Constitution of the United States and not entitled as such to sue in its courts…

“Upon these considerations it is the opinion of the court that the act of Congress which prohibited a
citizen from holding and owning property of this kind in the territory of the United States north of
the line therein mentioned is not warranted by the Constitution and is therefore void…

“That is now firmly settled by the decisions of the highest court in the state that Scott and his family,
upon their return, were not free, but were, by the laws of Missouri, the property of the defendant;
and that the Circuit Court of the United States has no jurisdiction when by the laws of the state, the
plaintiff was a slave and not a citizen.”
Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Purpose: Audience:

Document 3: Henry Clay, Resolution on the Compromise of 1850, 1850

“It being desirable for the peace, concord, and harmony of the Union of these states to
settle and adjust amicably all existing questions of controversy between them arising out of
the institution of slavery upon a fair, equitable, and just basis…
“We are told now… that the Union is threatened with subversion and destruction… If the
Union is to be dissolved for any existing causes, it will be dissolved because slavery is
interdicted or not allowed to be introduced into the ceded territories, because slavery is
threatened to be abolished in the District of Columbia, and because fugitive slaves are not
returned… to their masters…

“I am for staying within the Union and fighting for my rights.”

Historical Context: Author’s Point of Purpose: Audience:

View:

Document 4: J.B. Elliot, 1861, Library of Congress

Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Purpose: Audience:

Document 5: Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863

“Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me
vested as commander in chief… and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said
rebellion do… order and designate as the states and parts of states wherein the people thereof,
respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following…

“I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated states and parts of
states are, and henceforward shall be, free…

“And I further declare… that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed
service of the United States…

“And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon
military necessity.”
Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Purpose: Audience:

Document 6: Frederick Douglass, Speech, September 24, 1883

“Though we have had war, reconstruction, and abolition as a nation, we still linger in the shadow
and blight of an extinct institution. Though the colored man is no longer subject to be bought and
sold, he is still surrounded by an adverse sentiment… In his downward course he meets no
resistance, but his course upward is resented and resisted at every step of his progress…

“If liberty, with us, is yet but a name, our citizenship is but a sham, and our suffrage thus far only a
cruel mockery, we may yet congratulate ourselves upon the fact that the laws and institutions of the
country are sound, just, and liberal. There is hope… But until this nation shall make its practice
accord with its Constitution and righteous laws, it will not do to reproach the colored people of this
country.”
Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Purpose: Audience:

Document 7: Joining of the rails at Promontory Point, photograph by Andrew J. Russell,

May 10, 1869 (Gilder Lehrman Collection)
Historical Context: Author’s Point of Purpose: Audience:
View:

Document 8: Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, Letter to R.L. Sanderson,
1871

“Dear Sir:
So many people ask me what they shall do; so few tell me what they can do. Yet this is the pivot wherein all
must turn. I believe that each of us who has his place to make should go where men are wanted, and where
employment is not bestowed as alms. Of course, I say to all who are in want of work, Go West!

But what can you do? and how can your family help you? Your mother, I infer, is to be counted out as an
effective worker. But what of the rest? And you – can you chop? Can you plow? Can you mow? Can you cut
up Indian corn? I reckon not. And in the west it is hard to find such work as you have been accustomed to.
The conditions of living are very rude there.

On the whole I say, stay where you are; do as well as you can; and devote every spare hour to making
yourself familiar with the conditions and dexterity required for the efficient conservation of out-door
industry in a new country. Having mastered these, gather up your family and Go West!”
Historical Context: Author’s Point of Purpose: Audience:
View:
Document 9: John Gast, American Progress, 1872.
Historical Context: Author’s Point of Purpose: Audience:
View: