M Njnondjti

M
Njnondjti jm
Kîtmgm pdrd omkièdr gm zirm

Ëjgnoi
ËJGNOI ........................................................... ............................................................ ...................................................3
AN_WßSND GM WIOBDGM
WIOBDGM I _NJWIWNVDGMS ...................................................
......................................................................................................?
...................................................?
NJNONDÈÏM DM WIOBDGM ...................................................... ........................................................... ......................8
DOMSGI_ I _YD _NKCMBMHND ...................................................... ........................................................... ..........49
NJWISPDBM_.............................................................................................................................................................40
\DSWNWYSD, @NHYSD_ MY PDBMSI_

PDBMSI_ ..................................................... ........................................................... 41
GYSDÈÏM ..................................................... ............................................................ .................................................3?
JMWD_ GI KINM WIK\M.......................................................................................................................................30
BNHDGYSD .................................................... ............................................................ .................................................38
\MJWM GI DYKIJWM I GNKNJYNÈÏM..............................................................................................................31
_N_WIKD GI JMWDÈÏM YJNPIS_DB.................................................................................................................?<
OMK\D__M_..............................................................................................................................................................?3
DJGDKIJWM KY_NODB.........................................................................................................................................?0
I_WYGM_ GD_ I_ODBD_........................................................................................................................................?0
@MSKDÈÏM GI DOMSGI_ JM WIOBDGM ....................................................... .................................................?>
WMODJGM OMK D_ GYD_ KÏM_.........................................................................................................................7?
DOMSGI_ KDNMSI_ I KIJMSI_.......................................................................................................................70
DOMSGI_ OMK CDNQM IK MYWSD JMWD........................................................................................................93
D NK\MSWÃJOND GM IJOMSI JM WIOBDGM .......................................................... .......................................97
@YJÈÙI_ GM WIOBDGM ......................................................... ........................................................... ....................90
ITYN\DKIJWM_ \DSD WSDCDBADS

WSDCDBADS OMK M WIOBDGM
WIOBDGM ........................................................ ....................91
GNOD_ @YJGDKIJWDN_ \DSD _IY D\SIJGNVDGM......................................................................................9>
WDCIBD_ GM_ DOMSGI_

DOMSGI_ KDN_ Y_DGM_ ......................................................... .................................................03
BNHDJGM _IY WIOBDGM

WIOBDGM JM OMK\YWDGMS .......................................................... .......................................00
4< \ISHYJWD_ I SI_\M_WD_

SI_\M_WD_ _MCSI M WIOBDGM
WIOBDGM ........................................................ ..............................08
Y_DJGM _YD
_YD WÎOJNOD
WÎOJNOD JM WIOBDGM ...................................................
..............................................................................................................
........................................................... 0>
KÎWMGM SÄ\NGM I @ÄONB \DSD _DNS WMODJGM

WMODJGM ......................................................... ..............................84
KÖ_NOD_ ON@SDGD_ \DSD WIOBDGM ...................................................

..............................................................................................................
........................................................... 8?
3
OMJOBY_ÏM .......................................................... ............................................................ .....................................4<7
Anstÿrnd gm Wiobdgm i _njtitnzdgmr
Djtis gi omkièdrkms d dcmrgdr tmgms ms dssujtms

dss ujtms riìrijtis dm Wiobdgm, vdkms
`dz ukd dcmrgdhik njtrmgutÿrnd smcri d anstÿrnd gibi, pdrd qui vmoæs dkdjtis,
gm tiobdgm ibitr÷jnom, pmssdk omjaioir kdns d ùjgm m njstrukijtm qui nrä
prigmknjdr ik sius istugms.
M tiobdgm î uk gms njstrukijtms kdns utnbnzdgms dtudbkijti, pmr odusd gd sud

hrdjgi `bixncnbngdgi i gnvirsds `njdbngdgis jm kujgm gd kösnod. Omk uk
snkpbis tiobdgm pmgi-si gnspijsdr m domkpdjadkijtm cäsnom gi mutrms
omkpmjijtis gi uk hrupm kusnodb (cdtirnstd, huntdrrnstd, omjtrdcdnxnstd,
o mjtrdcdnxnstd, ito.)
M tiobdgm î gnvngngm ik 7 tnpms6 _njtitnzdgmris, Wiobdgms omk domkpdjadkijtm

dutmkätnom, Xmrestdtnmjs, \ndjms gnhntdns i Omjtrmbdgmris.
Ms _njtitnzdgmris sïm ms kdns usdgms dtudbkijti. Î uk njstrukijtm qui

pmssun värnms tnkcris (smjs) qui jd qudb pmgik sir igntdgms (dbtirdèïm gi
`riqòæjonds, kmgubdèïm, iìntms, ito.), omk nssm orndjgm jmvms tnkcris (smjs).
Ms Wiobdgms omk domkpdjadkijtm dutmkätnom, _ïm tiobdgms qui pmssuik

värnms istnbms kusnodns (pmp, fdzz, rmoe, cdbdgd, sdkcd, cmssd jmvd, gdjoi, i
kuntms mutrms), mjgi pmgi-si orndr i kmgn`nodr mutrms istnbms, domkpdjadgms
pmr pdrti rëtknod (cdtirnd), cdnxm, strnjhs, omrgds (vnmbïm, huntdrrd), kitdns
(trmkpiti, trmkcmji, ito.), cik omkm dnjgd pmgi-si snjtitnzdr istis tnkcris
(smjs).
Ms Xmrestdtnmjs, sïm tiobdgms kdns omkpbixms, qui ijvmbvi sëjtisi gi smjs i

siquijondgmris pdrd omkpmsnèïm, drrdjfms gi pdrtis kusnodns mu pièds
kusnodns omkpbitds, i dnjgd pmssuik d odpdongdgi gi sëjtisi gi tnkcris
(smjs).
Ms \ndjms gnhntdns, _ïm tiobdgms omk värnds tiobds (80,11), qui pmssuik värnms
tnkcris gi pndjm, hrdj pndjm, pndjm ibîtrnom, ordvm, ito..
Ms Omjtrmbdgmris sïm tiobdgms omk värnds tiobds (80,11), jd kdnmrnd gds vizis
jïm pmssuik tnkcris, qui tik d `njdbngdgi gi omjtrmbdr mutrms njstrukijtms
gnhntdns dtrdvîs gi KNGN (omkujnodèïm ijtri njstrukijtms gnhntdns), omjtrmbd
ukd cdtirnd ibitr÷jnod, omkputdgmris, kÿgubms gi smk, ito..
?
Omkm fä gnssikms, m tnpm gi tiobdgm kdns usdgm ijtri ms kösnoms jm kmkijtm
î m snjtitnzdgmr. Pdkms si cdsidr jibi pdrd qui vmoæ `nqui pmr gijtrm smcri sud
anstÿrnd. Yk cmk snjtitnzdgmr
snjtitnzdgmr pmgi nkntdr smjs gd jdturizd tdns omkm m odjtm
gi pässdrms, vijtm, trmvùis, ito5 nkntdr tmgms ms njstrukijtms kusnodns
doöstnoms i ibîtrnoms omkm ms gi ukd mrquistrd snj`÷jnod (mu kiskd gi ukd
huntdrrd ibîtrnod) i pmgi snkubdr smjs gi aibnoÿptirms , odrrms, ruëgms,
vnrtudbkijti qudsi qudbquir smk.
Mcvndkijti m snjtitnzdgmr gi`njntnvdkijti prmpmronmjmu ì kösnod uk ij`mqui

orndtnvm kuntm hrdjgi pmns kuntms kösnoms i tîojnoms gisijvmbvirdk smjs
jmvms dtî ijtïm, dbîk gd nkdhnjdèïm.
\mgi-si gnzir qui ? pissmds `mrdk rispmjsävins pibd pmpubdrngdgi gisti

njstrukijtm 6
Smcirt D. Kmmh - pmgi-si gnzir qui `mn m njvijtmr gm

snjtitnzdgmr . @ujgmu d Kmmh Kusno Njo. jm `njdb gms
djms 0< , `dcrnodjti gms snjtitnzdgmris Kmmh.
Xijgy Odrbms - `mn rispmjsävib pibd prnkinrd mcrd kusnodb

- tmtdbkijti ixioutdgd ik uk snjtitnzdgmr Kmmh - d mctir
suoissm omkirondb omk m Bp ··_wntoaig mj Cdoa (4>01).
Wrdznd mcrds gi Fmadjj _icdstndj Cdoa i `mn dobdkdgm
pibd orëtnod i pöcbnom, njobusnvi pibm omjtrmvirtngm pndjnstd
Hbijj Hmubg. Xijgy Odrbms prmourmu jïm nkntdr qudbquir
njstrukijtm gi mrquistrd. Si`mrkubmu tmgms ms tnkcris.
\mstirnmrkijti `mn rispmjsävib pibd trnbad smjmrd gms
`nbkis "D Bdrdjfd Kioãjnod" i "M Nbuknjdgm", dkcms gi
_tdjbiy Eucrnoe.
Einta Ikirsmj - Njtihrdjti gm hrupm gi rmoe prmhrissnvm

njhbæs "Ikirsmj , Bdei & \dbkir". @mn m prnkinrm d usdr m
"Kmmh" jm rmoe , njobusnvi dm vnvm , jms pdboms. M prÿprnm
njvijtmr, Smcirt Kmmh, m gisdomjsibamu givngm d
njstdcnbngdgi jd d`njdèïm gm njstrukijtm i d gn`noubgdgi
gi si kugdr rdpngdkijti ms tnkcris.
7
Ms Kmmh kdns sm`nstnodgms irdk
ms "kmgubdris". Ms kÿgubms gi
orndèïm gi smjs pmgndk sir
dgqunrngms omj`mrki d
jioissngdgi, omjtugm m prièm ird
kuntm dbtm, donkd gms Y$
4<.<<<,<< , i kuntm omkpbnodgm
gi si mpirdr. \mgndk oaihdr dm
tdkdjam gi ukd pdrigi i ms
kÿgubms irdk njtirbnhdgms omk
odcms , omkm ms gi ukd
tibi`mjnstd.
D Kmmh Kusno rismbviu bdjèdr uk

snjtitnzdgmr kdns cdrdtm i `äonb gi si mpirdr ,
oirtdkijti sdorn`nodjgm sud `bixncnbngdgi.
_urhnd m "Knjnkmmh" qui `mn prmvdvibkijti m
snjtitnzdgmr kdns nkpmrtdjti pibd sud
pmpubdrngdgi.
Jd ridbngdgi m snjtitnzdgmr `mn orndgm ik 4>99

pibd SOD (Sdgnm Omrpmrdtnmj m` Dkirnod). Dpisdr gi tir hdjam m \ræknm Jmcib
jissi djm, isti snjtitnzdgmr ird uk njstrukijtm qui smkijti pmgnd sir mpirdgm
pmr tîojnoms. Ijhijainrms ispiondbnzdgms prionsdvdk gi amrds pdrd orndr dbhuk
smk ötnb. Omjaiongm omkm SOD KeNN, tnjad kdns gi 3 kitrms gi dbturd i 9
kitrms gi omkprnkijtm. Oustdvd Y$ 489.<<<,<<.
Ms pmuoms kösnoms
odpdzis gi mpirä-bm irdk
mcrnhdgms d rivizdr-si ik
turjms i `dzir ukd risirvd
jm istögnm gd
Yjnvirsngdgi gi
Ombukcnd/\rnjoitmj ik
Jmvd ^mre.
Smcirt Kmmh, pmr sir
kösnom (tivi dubds gi
pndjm pmr 43 djms), dbîk
gi ijhijainrm i `ësnom, tivi
uk dpprmdoa gnìrijti,
gisijvmbvijgm uk
njstrukijtm kdns doissëvib
i mrnijtdgm pdrd kösnoms,
i jïm pdrd tîojnoms. @mn omk d sud njvijèïm qui m snjtitnzdgmr omkièmu d si
pmpubdrnzdr. \mr issi kmtnvm iibi î omjsngirdgm m "\dn gm _njtitnzdgmr".
9
Dtudbkijti Cmc Kmmh jïm trdcdbad kdns jd ikprisd qui tik m siu jmki
(Kmmh Kusno). @ujgmu d "Cnh Ik 4>03, 4>03, Smcirt Kmmh dprisijtmu m siu
snjtitnzdgmr. _iu prnkinrm omkprdgmr `mn Dbwnj Jnembdns, uk `dkmsm omriÿhrd`m.
_iu sihujgm `mn Irno
Irno _ngdy, uk omkpmsntmr gi omkirondns (fnjhbis). Advnd
gnjainrm m cdstdjti pdrd kdjtir-si jm jihÿonm, kds jïm ixnstndk kuntms
omkprdgmris, gi `dtm sÿ si muvnd smjs gi snjtitnzdgmr ik fnjhbis.
Kmmh prmourmu ijomjtrdr-si omk m kdnmr jukirm gi kösnoms qui pmgnd pdrd
gnvubhdr m snjtitnzdgmr. Gijtri ibis omjaioiu d Xijgy
Xijgy Odrbms, qui omk m
äbcuk "_wntoaig-Mj Cdoa" gnvubhmu m njstrukijtm pdrd m kujgm. Odrbms
oaihmu d ombdcmrdr omk Smcirt Kmmh jm dpirìnèmdkijtm gm
njstrukijtm. Crndr", mjgi prmguz gnspmsntnvms pdrd sius djtnhms njstrukijtms i
tairiknjs (uk njstrukijtm kusnodb ibitr÷jnom qui î ixioutdgm kmvijgm-si ds
kïms pirtm gi ukd djtijd - kuntm usdgm ik `nbkis gi `noèïm onijtë`nod i
amrrmr). Wdbviz pmr sir uk onijtnstd, i jïm
jïm uk jihmondgmr, vijgiu ms gnrintms
gnrintms
gm siu jmki i orndèïm, nrmjnodkijti pirgijgm m gnrintm gi usdr siu prÿprnm
jmki.
Jm `njdb gms djms >< vmbtmu ì këgnd, ik omkikmrdèïm gms ?< djms gm
snjtitnzdgmr Kmmh, fujtdkijti omk m kösnom Einta Ikirsmj. M njhbæs Einta
Ikirsmj (jdsongm ik <3/jmv/4>77) pmgi sir omjsngirdgm uk gms kdns
nkpmrtdjtis tiobdgnstds gm rmoe, si jïm `mr m kdns nkpmrtdjti. \ndjnstd,
mrhdjnstd, samw kdj, Ikirsmj ìz pibms tiobdgms m qui Fnkky Aijgrnx ìz pibd
huntdrrd6 ixncnèùis vnrtumsëstnods, gistrunèïm gi njstrukijtms, utnbnzdjgm
njobusnvi ibikijtms pnrmtîojnoms. D iìrvisoæjond gds suds dprisijtdèùis pirgnd
smkijti pdrd d sud kusnodbngdgi. Ikirsmj omjsihunu bivdr d kösnod obässnod
dm rmoe, sijgm tdkcîk uk gms pdns gm rmoe prmhrissnvm. Omkièmu omk m hrupm
"tai Jnoi" i pmstirnmrkijti omjsdhrmu-si omk m trnm "Ikirsmj, Bdei & \dbkir"
(IB\), dbik gi omkpmr gnvirsds trnbads smjmrds pdrd `nbkis. @mn m prnkinrm d
usdr uk snjtitnzdgmr juk pdbom , dm vnvm.
M snjtitnzdgmr `mn gisomcirtm pmr Ikirsmj ik 4>01, dtrdvîs gm äbcuk

"_wntoaig-Mj Cdoa" gi Xijgy Odrbms. @nomu `dsonjdgm pibm dspiotm gm
njstrukijtm qui omjstdvd jd odpd, cik omkm d sud smjmrngdgi. Jd îpmod
gisomcrnu qui ik tmgd d Njhbdtirrd advnd dpijds uk gistis njstrukijtms, m
qudb omjsihunu ikpristdgm pdrd uk gms sius samws (dnjgd omk m "tai Jnoi").
M pöcbnom `nomu njtrnhdgm omk m smk

istrdjam i jïm omjsihund omkpriijgir
m qui istdvd `dzijgm dquibi smk.
Giongnu omkprdr uk Kmmh kmgubdr, m
qudb pdhmu 4?.<<< bncrds (oirod gi Y_$
34.<<< gÿbdris). Wivi kuntm trdcdbam
omk m snjtitnzdgmr jm njëonm6 rioiciu-m
giskmjtdgm ik gnvirsds odnxds, jïm
advnd qudbquir kdjudb (kmjtdhik mu
mpirdèïm) i sikpri gisd`njdvd jds
turjæs
Ikirsmj ijtrmu ik omjtdtm omk
Smcirt Kmmh i vndfmu dtî m siu oijtrm
gi gisijvmbvnkijtm ik Jmvd ^mre.
0
D prnjonpnm m Gr. Kmmh pmr dorigntdr qui sud njvijèïm givirnd sir usdgd
smkijti ik istögnms, gisdomjsibamu Ikirsmj d usdr m njstrukijtm dm vnvm,
juk pdbom. Ikirsmj omjsihunu omjvijoir
Smcirt Kmmh gm omjträrnm, qui dodcmu
dpirìnèmdjgm m snjtitnzdgmr i
pmstirnmrkijti gisijvmbviu jmvms
njstrukijtms ( omkm m Knjnkmmh), pdrd
dprisijtdèùis dm vnvm. Oirtdkijti
Ikirsmj nj`buijonmu d `mrkd ik qui
ivmbunu m snjtitnzdgmr. Cmc Kmmh i Ikirsmj
si riijomjtrdrdk ik 4>>>, ik Bms Djhibis,
omkikmrdjgm ms ?< djms gd kösnod
ibitr÷jnod.
Omk m dpdrionkijtm gm äbcuk "_wntoaig-mj Cdoa" ik

4>01, Xijgy Odrbms tmrjmu-si njstdjtdjidkijti ukd
oibicrngdgi i m äbcuk tmrjmu-si uk gms kdnmris cist-
sibbirs obässnoms gi tmgms ms tikpms. Gisgi m njëonm gi sud
fuvijtugi, Xijgy Odrbms (jdsongd ik \dwtuoeit, Samgi
Nsbdjg, I.Y.D. - 4>?>) gikmjstrmu uk `mrti njtirissi ik
kösnod i tiojmbmhnd onijtë`nod. \riomoikijti, dms 4< djms
gi ngdgi ibd omkp÷s uk Wrnm pdrd Obdrnjiti, Domrgiïm i
\ndjm, i qudtrm djms kdns tdrgi omjstrunu uk piquijm
omkputdgmr. Tudjgm tnjad 48 djms gi ngdgi kmjtmu uk
istögnm gi kösnod ibitr÷jnod i prmguznu sud prnkinrd
omkpmsnèïm d qudb utnbnzdvd smjs orndgms i kdjnpubdgms ik hrdvdgmris gi rmbm.
Istugmu kösnod i `ësnod.
Ik 4>09 Xijgy Odrbms, jd îpmod ijhijainrd gi smk gm istögnm Hmtadk

Siomrgnjh (Jmvd ^mre), omkprmu ukd gds käqunjds gi Smcirt Kmmh i ik 4>00
ibd omjstrunu siu prÿprnm istögnm gi hrdvdèïm (1 pnstds) ik odsd. Dnjgd ik
4>00 ibd njnonmu d hrdvdèïm gm amfi bijgärnm "_wntoaig-mj Cdoa" mjgi Odrbms
ixioutdvd jm snjtitnzdgmr Kmmh mcrds gi F._.Cdoa ( amuvi uk oungdgm
kusnombÿhnom gi sud pdrti omk ribdèïm dm istnbm cdrrmom), hrdvdjgm odgd tnkcri
pnstd pmr pnstd, pmns m njstrukijtm ird kmjm`÷jnom (ikntnd smkijti ukd jmtd
pmr viz). Yk trdcdbam njsdjm qui `mn omjsdhrdgm omkm m prnkinrm äbcuk
obässnom d rioicir m "gnsom gi pbdtnjd".
Dpÿs dpirìnèmdr sud tîojnod jm äbcuk "Wai

Xibb-Wikpirig _yjtaisnzir", Xijgy
dprisijtmu m usm gm vmomgir (prmoissdgmr gi
vmz - `dcrnodgm pmr Kmmh) pdrd vmodbnzdèùis
snjtitnzdgds pdrd d trnbad smjmrd gm `nbki "D
Bdrdjfd Kioãjnod" gm gnritmr _tdjbiy Eucrnoe,
gistd viz usdjgm cdsnodkijti mcrds gi
Ciitamvij i omkpmsnèùis prÿprnds. _ud mcrd
sihunjti, "_mjno _idsmjnjhs", dprisijtmu m
qui omjaioikms amfi omkm m istnbm Jiw-Dhi ,
8
utnbnzdjgm m snjtitnzdgmr Kmmh pdrd snkubdr smjs gd jdturizd, tdns omkm
oauvds, vijtms, pässdrms, bmcms unvdjgm, ito. Omkp÷s trnbads pdrd ms `nbkis "M
Nbuknjdgm" ( tdkcîk gi Eucrnoe) i "Wrmj" (gms istögnms Gnsjiy)
Dpÿs m suoissm gm snjtitnzdgmr Kmmh,

omkièdrdk d surhnr gnvirsms mutrms
`dcrnodjtis gi snjtitnzdgmris 6 Drp
(prmvdvibkijti m omjomrrijti prnjonpdb gd
Kmmh Kusno jm njnonm), I-ku, Emrh,
Mciraink, Smbdjg, gijtri mutrms.
D tijgæjond jdturdb `mn prmguznr

snjtitnzdgmris odgd viz kdns vmbtdgms pdrd
pir`mrkdjois dm vnvm6 kdns istävins (qui
jïm gisd`njdssik kuntm omk m pdssdr gm
DS\ 39<<
tikpm), kijmris i omk prièm kdns
doissëvib.
Dbhujs djms gipmns ms snjtitnzdgmris pdssdrdk d sir pmbn`÷jnoms, mu sifd,

pmgndk ixioutdr värnds jmtds snkubtdjidkijti, pmssncnbntdjgm tmodr domrgis.
Jd kdnmr pdrti gd vizis, tîojnodkijti `dbdjgm, istis jmvms njstrukijtms jdgd
kdns irdk gm qui värnms snjtitnzdgmris dompbdgms ik uk öjnom njstrukijtm.
\mr ixikpbm6 uk snjtitnzdgmr omk d pmbn`mjnd gi 7 jmtds, jdgd kdns ird gm qui
uk njstrukijtm omkpmstm pmr qudtrm snjtitnzdgmris.
Dnjgd advnd uk hrdjgi prmcbikd. \drd dbtirdr m smk gm njstrukijtm pmr

ixikpbm, kugdr m smk gi ukd `bdutd, pdrd m smk gi uk vnmbnjm, m kösnom ird
mcrnhdgm d dbtirdr gnvirsms pdrãkitrms, jms omjtrmbis/cmtùis gm njstrukijtm.
Nssm riquirnd
riquirnd omjaionkijtm tîojnom i tikpm. Dbhujs kösnoms, utnbnzdvdk
gnvirsms snjtitnzdgmris i qudjgm jioissntdvdk kugdr gi smk, tnjadk qui
kugdr gi njstrukijtm. D smbuèïm vinm omk m dgvijtm gd kikÿrnd. \mr
njtirkîgnm gi cmtùis kikmrnzdvdk-si ms smjs orndgms (snstikd qui î usdgm dtî
amfi), dbhm kuntm sikibadjti dm qui si fä ijomjtrdvd jms ÿrhïms.
Dtudbkijti ixnstik njökirds kdrods gi tiobdgms (snjtitnzdgmris), qui vïm gms

kdns snkpbis dms kdns sm`nstnodgms omk hrdjgi pmssncnbngdgi gi sëjtisi gi smjs
i drrdjfms kusnodns. Ds kdrods kdns omjaiongds sïm Odssnm, ^dkdad, Edwdn,
Smbdjg, Emrh , Dbisns, Wioanjnos, _mbtmj, Ijsmknq, \idvy, Hijirdb Kusno
(HIK), Knjdkn, Eurzwibb, OOI i I-ku .
1
Odpëtubm 4 ‟ NJNONDÈÏM DM WIOBDGM
D kibamr `mrkd gi omkièdrkms d dprijgir qudbquir njstrukijtm î omjaioijgm

uk pmuom gi timrnd kusnodb, qui î d cdsi mjgi istä dbnoirèdgd tmgd i qudbquir
ixiouèïm prätnod omjsonijti.
- D pdutd (mu pijtdhrdkd)
D pdutd (mu pijtdhrdkd) î smcri mjgi isorivikms ds jmtds kusnodns
Jibd, isorivikms ds jmtds smcri ds bnjads i jms ispdèms ijtri ibds6
Gipijgijgm gd sud pmsnèïm smcri d pdutd î qui sdcikms qudb d jmtd kusnodb istä
riprisijtdgd.
JMWD6 D pdbdvrd pijtdhrdkd î gi mrnhik hrihd6 pijtd snhjn`nod onjom i hrdkd isorntd.
- OBDPI_
_ïm ds `nhurds kusnodns qui gïm jmki ìs jmtds. Odgd ukd gibds î isorntd
(riprisijtdgd) jm njëonm gd pdutd. Ixnstik värnds obdvis, pmrîk ds kdns
utnbnzdgds sïm ds obdvis gi @ä i gi _mb.
Wrdcdbadkms jm tiobdgm dpijds d obdvi gi smb pmns d obdvi gi `ä (qui jm pndjm î
ixioutdgd pibd kïm isquirgd) jÿs sucstntunrikms pibds on`rds. D obdvi gi smb î
utnbnzdgd pmr njstrukijtms dhugms omkm vnmbnjm, `bdutd, trmkpiti, vnmbïm,
sdxm`mjis ito... D obdvi gi `ä pmr sud viz î utnbnzdgd pmr njstrukijtms hrdvis
omkm omjtrdcdnxm, trmkcmji, `dhmti, oibbm ito...
Obdvi gi @ä
kïm isquirgd - domkpdjadkijtm
Obdvi gi _mb
kïm gnrintd - kibmgnd
>
- JMWD_ KY_NODN_
Djtis gi dprijgirkms omkm isorivir ds jmtds jd pdutd, virikms ms sius jmkis i d

sud mrgik .Omkm qudbquir njstrukijtm kusnodb ds jmtds cäsnods (mu jdturdns) sïm6
gÿ rî kn `ä smb bä sn
Pdkms dhmrd ijtijgir omkm ds 8 jmtds kusnodns Gm, Si, Kn, @d, _mb, Bd, _n si
ijomjtrdk gnspmstds jm tiobdgm mbadjgm d `nhurd dcdnxm6
D siqòæjond Gÿ, Si, Kn, @d, _mb, Bd, _n î ripitngd värnds vizis jm tiobdgm. Odgd
viz qui si ripiti d kiskd jmtd jd siqòæjond, ix6 gi Gÿ d Gÿ issd ripitnèïm î
oadkdgd gi Mntdvd, pmrtdjtm uk Wiobdgm gi 04 tiobds pmssun 9 Mntdvds, qui
omkièdk omk smjs Hrdvis i tirknjdk omk smjs Dhugms.
Jms tiobdgms drrdjfdgmris ds 3 prnkinrds mntdvds sïm gistnjdgds pdrd usm gms
_tybis, i ds gikdns ? mntdvds sïm gistnjdgds pdrd m usm gms _mjhs, nssm si m
iqunpdkijtm istnvir mpirdjgm jm kmgm _njhbi mu @njhirig (Omjsubti m kdjudb
gm siu tiobdgm pdrd kdnmris nj`mrkdèùis).
Ixnstik guds kdjinrds gi ngijtn`nodrkms ds tiobds. Ykd î tmkdjgm omkm cdsi
ds tiobds \ritds, mu dongijtis. Dm mbadrkms ds tiobds pritds nrikms ngijtn`nodr
qui ibds pmssuik uk njtirvdbm gi 3 i ? tiobds.
Dssnk, m Gÿ sirä sikpri d tiobd crdjod qui vik djtis gm Njtirvdbm gi 3 \ritds,
m crdjod qui vik djtis gm Njtirvdbm gi 3 \ritds, m Sî vdn sir d tiobd crdjod
bmodbnzdgd ijtri m njtirvdbm gi 3 pritds i m Kn d tiobd crdjod bmodbnzdgd dpÿs m
njtirvdbm gi 3 pristds. \rmjtm, fä ngijtn`nodkms ? jmtds Gm, Si i Kn. Dhmrd
vdkms ds gikdns.
IQ Gÿ6
p ritds sikpri sirä d jmtd gÿ.

D prnkinrd tiobd crdjod djtis gds guds tiobds pritds
4<
M @ä sirä d tiobd crdjod bmodbnzdgd djtis gm njtirvdbm gi ? tiobds pritds, m _mb i
Bä istdrïm ijtri m njtirvdbm gi ? tiobds pritds, ik sud mrgik rispiotnvd i m _n
istdrä dpÿs m njtirvdbm gi ? tiobds pritds.
IQ @ä6
j mtd `ä.
D prnkinrd tiobd crdjod djtis gds træs tiobds pritds sikpri sirä d jmtd
Dssnk dprijgikms d bmodbnzdr tmgds ds jmtds, kds ixnsti mutrd kdjinrd dnjgd,
pibm `mrkdtm gds tiobds, dtijtik ì `nhurd dcdnxm.
M Si, _mb i Bä pmssuik `mrkds gnìrijondgds. Fä m Gÿ i m @ä, pmssuik `mrkds

nhudns, sikibadjtis d uk B. I m Kn i _n, tdkcîk, kds omkm si `mssi uk B
njvirtngm.
Dhmrd qui fä sdcikms ngijtn`nodr ds tiobds vdkms jukirdr ms gigms gi jmssd

kïm pdrd `dzirkms uk ixiroëonm.
Wdjtm jd kïm isquirgd qudjtm jd gnrintd ms gigms tirïm dtrncuëgds d sihunjti

jukirdèïm6
\mbihdr ; 4
Njgnodgmr ; 3
Kîgnm ; ?
44
Djibdr ; 7
Këjnkm ; 9
MC_6 Ds kïms givik trdcdbadr omkm si `mssik omjoads, sijgm qui m qui tmod
d tiobd î d pmjtd i jïm d "cdrrnhd" gms gigms, me=
 Ixiroëonms
Pdkms ridbnzdr dhmrd uk ixiroëonm pdrd qui vmoæ prdtnqui tugm qui dcmrgdkms
d onkd, omkcnjdgm=
Ombmqui siu gigm Këjnkm (9) gd kïm isquirgd jm prnkinrm Gÿ gm tiobdgm. Pä

omk sud kïm gnrintd dtî m ? ¶ Gÿ gm tiobdgm, qui sirä oadkdgm Gÿ Oijtrdb i
ombmqui smcri istd tiobd m \mbihdr (4) gd kïm gnrintd, omj`mrki d `nhurd
ngijtn`nodgd dcdnxm6
Dhmrd ixiouti m ixiroëonm omj`mrki ixikpbn`nodgm jd `nhurd dcdnxm ,usdjgm m

gigm gitirknjdgm pdrd d tiobd ispion`nodgd, omj`mrki d `nhurd dcdnxm.
43
\rmouri `dzir prnkinrm d kïm isquirgd, gipmns d kïm gnrintd, i pmr `nk fujtdr
ds guds. @dèd bijtdkijti i omj`mrki `mr hdjadjgm `nrkizd jms gigms vä
dukijtm d vibmongdgi gm ixiroëonm hrdgdtnvdkijti.
Dm `dzir m ixiroëonm kdjtijad ms gigms bivikijti gmcrdgms, smcri ds tiobds i m

pubsm irhungm. Î nkpmrtdjti tdkcîk ixioutd-bm gndrndkijti. Da, i pdrd sijtnr
kibamr m ixiroëonm suhnrm qui m `dèd omk m tiobdgm mpirdjgm jm kmgm Jmrkdb i
usdjgm m _mjh \ndjm, qui jmrkdbkijti î m << mu <4.
- NJWISPDBM_
_ihujgm Drnstÿfijis, `nbÿsm`m hrihm gnsoëpubm gi Drnstÿtibis Njtirvdbm î

î d
gnstãjond ijtri gmns smjs gi gnìrijtis tijsùis. Issds ‒gnstdjonds‛ sïm kigngds
dtrdvîs gi tmjs i sikntmjs.
M snstikd gi d`njdèïm tikpirdgd gnvngi iquntdtnvdkijti ukd mntdvd ik 43
smjs. D gnstãjond ijtri odgd
o dgd uk gissis smjs î oadkdgd
oa dkdgd gi sikntmk. Jm tiobdgm
î gi uk sikntmk d gnstãjond ijtri guds tiobds omjtëhuds.
Yk tmk iqunvdbi d 3 sikntmjs. Wmgds ds tiobds crdjods gm tiobdgm sipdrdgds

pmr ukd tiobd pritd pmssuik m njtirvdbm gi uk tmk. Ds qui jïm tik d tiobd
pritd ijtri ibds pmssuik uk njtirvdbm gi uk sikntmk ijtri ibds6
• DONGIJWI
Ds tiobds pritds gm tiobdgm riprisijtdk ukd dbtirdèïm jms smjs gds tiobds
crdjods, dukijtm mu gnknjunjgm sud tmjdbngdgi. Ms snjdns gi dbtirdèùis kdns
omkujs sïm6 Ciqudgrm, _ustijngm i Cikmb .
4?
- Ciqudgrm
M Ciqudgrm î uk dongijti qui sirvi pdrd ibnknjdr sustijngms i cikÿns.
- _ustijngm
#
Î m jmki qui gdkms qudjgm quirikms riprisijtdr ukd jmtd dorisongd gi

kinm tmk, ixikpbm6 Wikms d jmtd Gÿ i quirikms riprisijtdr (jd Isodbd
Ormkätnod) d prÿxnkd jmtd qui vik gipmns gibd, ijtïm issd prÿxnkd jmtd
oadkdr-si-ä Gÿ# mu Gÿ sustijngm, pmrqui istä ijtri Gÿ i Sî.
Issd omjvijèïm `mn orndgd pmrqui jmssm muvngm odptd dpijds gitirknjdgms
njtirvdbms, qui î d isodbd ormkätnod.
Hirdbkijti sustijngm î m jmki qui gdkms ìs tiobds pritds gm tiobdgm, qudjgm

istdkms ixioutdjgm ukd siqòæjond dsoijgijti (qui smci). Ixikpbm kdns
prätnom - mbadjgm jm tiobdgm.
Ixikpbm6
Dukijtdjgm d jmtd ik kinm (4/3) tmk (gd isquirgd pdrd d gnrintd)

gnrin td)
gÿ gÿ#
47
Cikmb
Gnknjun d jmtd ik kinm (4/3) tmk, (gd gnrintd pdrd d isquirgd).
smb smb c
MC_6 Oadkd-si smb cikmb (jmtd smb gnknjuëgd kinm (4/3) tmk).
Omk ds gikdns jmtds ripiti-si m kiskm prmoissm6

`ä dukijtdjgm kinm (4/3) tmk ; `ä# (`ä sustijngm)
bä dukijtdjgm kinm (4/3) tmk ; bä# (bä sustijngm)
rî gnknjunjgm kinm (4/3) tmk ; rîc (rî cikmb)
bä gnknjunjgm kinm (4/3) tmk ; bäc (bä cikmb)
Omkm vmoæ p÷gi jmtdr, ixnstik jmtds omk m kiskm smk, kds omk jmkis
gnìrijtis omkm, pmr ixikpbm, jissi odsm mjgi gÿ# ; rîc (gÿ sustijngm î nhudb
d rî cikmb) Nstm momrri pmrqui dukijtdjgm kinm (4/3) gi gÿ sirä nhudb d
gnknjunrkms kinm (4/3) tmk gi rî.
Jmtd6 @uturdkijti istugdrikms d Obdssn`nodèïm gms njtirvdbms.
49
Odpëtubm 3 ‟ _N_WIKD GI ON@SD_
Dssnk omkm fä `mn `dbdgm jds dpmstnbds gi vnmbïm i huntdrrd, tikms qui, djtis gi
tugm, bikcrdrkms gi uk dssujtm gi vntdb nkpmrtãjond pdrd jmssm dprijgnzdgm6
M snstikd gi on`rds.
_nstikd gi on`rds, kuntm omjaiongm omkm snstikd kusnodb dkirnodjm, î uk

snstikd ujnvirsdb, jm qudb ds siti prnkinrds bitrds gm db`dcitm, dssmondgds d
snjdns, riprisijtd jïm sÿ ds jmtds kusnodns omkm tdkcîk ms domrgis.
Ixnstik siti jmtds kusnodns6 Gÿ Sî Kn @ä _mb Bä i _n, qui riprisijtdgds jm

snstikd gi on`rds dpdrioik gistd `mrkd6
D ; Bä -: Dk ; Bä kijmr
C ; _n -: G# ; Sî sustijngm
O ; Gÿ -: Hc ; _mb cikmb
G ; Sî -: C8 ; _n omk sîtnkd
I ; Kn -: O#k ; Gÿ sustijngm kijmr
@ ; @ä -: @8 ; @ä omk sîtnkd
H ; _mb -: Oduk8 ; Gÿ dukijtdgm omk sîtnkd
k ; Kijmr -: Ognk8 ; Gÿ gnknjutm omk sîtnkd
c ; Cikmb -: Cc ; _n cikmb
# ; _ustijngm -: D8 ; Bä omk sîtnkd
8 ; Omk sîtnkd -: Hck ; _mb cikmb kijmr
+ mu Duk ; dukijtdgm -: D8+ ; Bä omk sîtnkd dukijtdgd
- mu Gnk ; gnknjutm -: O8- ; Gÿ omk sîtnkd gnknjutd
Sismbvikms gistdodr nssm, dpisdr gi piquijm, juk öjnom odpëtubm, pdrd qui
vmoæ `nxi kdns ik sud kijti issi dssujtm. Jm giomrrir gi jmssd dpmstnbd,
nrikms dcmrgdr kuntms omjointms i istd bnèïm sirvnrä omkm cdsi prnkmrgndb ik
jmssm dprijgnzdgm.
Odpëtubm ? ‟ DOMSGI_ I _YD _NKCMBMHND
Jisti odpëtubm vdkms pmsnonmjdr d vmoæ, qui istä dprijgijgm d drti gds tiobds,
tugm smcri d njtirpritdèïm gms domrgis. Î nkpmrtdjti vmoæ gmknjdr issi
dssujtm pdrd qui jïm tmrji sius istugms kdns omkpbnodgms.
40
Ms domrgis jdgd kdns sïm qui d omkcnjdèïm gi jmtds gi ukd gitirknjdgd
isodbd, gnvngngd ik hrdus, ikpnbadgds ik njtirvdbms gi ?¶ i 9¶ hrdus. Wikms
cdsnodkijti træs tnpms gi domrgis, qui sïm6
 Wrëdgis6 Domrgis `mrkdgms pmr træs jmtds. Ijtri istis istïm ms domrgis
cäsnoms, Gm ‟ Si ‟ Kn ‟ @ä ‟ _mb ‟ Bd ‟ _n, tdjtm Kdnmris, omkm Kijmris i
tdkcîk _ustijngms (#) i Cikmns (c), dbîk
dbî k gms Gnknjutms.
 Wîtrdgis6 Domrgis `mrkdgms pmr qudtrm jmtds. Ijtri istis istïm tmgds ds

trëdgis, dorisongds gi uk 7 jmtd, qui pmgi sir pmr ixikpbm _îtnkd (8),
Jmjd (>), _îtnkd Kdnmr (+8) i ukd nj`njngdgi, qui tdkcîk dcmrgdrikms
jm ùturm.
 Wîtrdgis Dorisoijtdgds6 Domrgis `mrkdgms pmr onjom mu kdns jmtds.

Ijtris istis istïm tmgds ds tîtrdgis, dorisongds gi ukd mu kdns jmtds,
omkm pmr ixikpbm, _îtnkd Kdnmr i Jmjd, `nodrnd +8, >.
Ms domrgis pmssuik ukd jmkijobdturd gnìrijti gds jmtds, mjgi pdrd

riprisijtd-bms sïm usdgds bitrds gm db`dcitm. D `nhurd dcdnxm ixikpbn`nod d
jmkijobdturd gms 8 prnkinrms domrgis qui nrikms dprijgir.
@nqui dtijtm pdrd m qudgrm dcdnxm i ginxi ibi cik prisijti ik sud kijti6
\drd qui istd bnèïm `nqui cik ixpbnodgd, vdkms gi`njnr ms Domrgis Kdnmris,
Kijmris i Gnknjutms qui vmoæs fä givik tir muvngm `dbdr6
Kdnmris - Yk domrgi sirä kdnmr qudjgm d gnstãjond ijtri m 4¶ hrdu i m ?¶ hrdu

Kdnmris -
`mr nhudb ì gmns tmjs (Gÿ+Gÿ#+Sî+Sî#+Kn) i d gnstãjond ijtri m ?¶ i 9¶ hrdu `mr
uk tmk i kinm (Kn+@ä+@ä#+_mb)5
Kijmris - Yk domrgi sirä kijmr qudjgm d gnstãjond ijtri m 4¶ hrdu i m ?¶

Kijmris
hrdu `mr nhudb ì 4 tmk i kinm (Gÿ+Gÿ#+Sî+Sî#) i d gnstãjond ijtri m ?¶ i 9¶
hrdu `mr gmns tmjs (Kn+@ä+@ä#+_mb)5
Gnknjutms - Yk domrgi sirä gnknjutm qudjgm d gnstãjond ijtri m 4¶ hrdu i m ?¶

Gnknjutms -
hrdu `mr nhudb ì 4 tmk i kinm i d gnstãjond ijtri m ?¶ i 9¶ hrdu `mr uk tmk i
kinm (Gÿ+Gÿ#+Sî+Sî#)5
48
Odpëtubm 7 ‟ NJWISPDBM_
Njtirvdbm jdgd kdns î qui î d gnstãjond gi `riqòæjond smjmrd qui ixnsti ijtri
guds jmtds. M kijmr njtirvdbm pmssëvib ijtri guds jmtds î gi kinm tmk (uk
sikntmk). \mr ixikpbm6 m njtirvdbm ijtri ds jmtds O i G î gi 4 tmk, mu 3
sikntmjs.
Wnpms gi Njtirvdbm
 Njtirvdbm kibÿgnom6 `mrkdgm pmr jmtds suoissnvds.

 Njtirvdbm adrk÷jnom6 `mrkdgm pmr jmtds snkubtãjids.
 Njtirvdbm dsoijgijti(mu supirnmr)6 D prnkinrd jmtd î kdns hrdvi gm qui d
sihujgd.
 Njtirvdbm gisoijgijti(mu njìrnmr)6 D prnkinrd jmtd î kdns dhugd gm qui d
sihujgd.
MC_6 d obdssn`nodèïm gi njtirvdbms dsoijgijti mu gisoijgijti sÿ `dz sijtngm

pdrd njtirvdbms kibÿgnoms.
 Njtirvdbm omjfujtm6 `mrkdgm pmr jmtds omjsioutnvds.

 Njtirvdbm gnsfujtm6 `mrkdgm pmr jmtds jïm omjsioutnvds.
 Njtirvdbm snkpbis6 `mrkdgm pmr jmtds qui si ijomjtrdk gijtrm gm bnknti gi
mntm jmtds suoissnvds.(ukd mntdvd)
 Njtirvdbm omkpmstm6 `mrkdgm pmr jmtds qui ubtrdpdssdk m bnknti gi mntm
jmtds suoissnvds.
D obdssn`nodèïm gi njtirvdbms î ìntd sihujgm m jökirm gi jmtds omjtngds jm

njtirvdbm.
Ix6 Njtirvdbm gi prnkinrd omjtîk ukd jmtd.

Njtirvdbm gi qudrtd omjtîk qudtrm jmtds6
gi gÿ d `ä pmr ixikpbm5 gÿ,rî,kn,`ä.
D qudbn`nodèïm gi njtirvdbms î ìntd sihujgm m jökirm gi tmjs i sikntmjs

omjtngms juk gitirknjdgm njtirvdbm. Aä gmns tnpms gi njtirvdbms6 fustms (mu
purms, mu pirìntms) i ms kdnmris i kijmris.
Ms fustms sïm6 4ª, 7ª, 9ª i 1ª

Ms kdnmris mu kijmris sïm6 3ª, ?ª, 0ª i 8ª
Omkm njtirvdbm ik kösnod î d gnìrijèd ijtri guds jmtds, pdrd omkpriijgi-bms

cdstd sdcir qudjtms
qudjtms tmjs i (mu) sikn-tmjs si ijomjtrdk ijtri odgd uk gibis.
41
Ms kiskms ixikpbms pmgik sir usdgms jd `mrkd gisoijgijti tdkcîk. Jd
`rijti gi odgd ixikpbm `mn ombmodgm omkm issis domrgis hirdbkijti vik
on`rdgms jms kîtmgms kdns omkujs. Pdbi bikcrdr qui ibis pmgik dpdrioir gi
mutrds `mrkds, i omk m kiskm iìntm, nstm oadkdkms gi ijdrkmjnd, mu sifd,
guds jmtds omk m kiskm smk, kds jmkis gnìrijtis.
4¶ Fustd6 Omkpriijgi gmns smjs gi kiskd dbturd i kiskm jmki.

Ix6 4¶ F gi GÐ;GÐ. M kiskm Gð jm kiskm buhdr. Hirdbkijti jïm si on`rd
domrgis omk prnkinrd fustd, vnstm qui ibd fä istä jm domrgi jmrkdb.
3¶ Kijmr6 gnìrijèd gi » tmk ijtri

i jtri ukd jmtd i mutrd.
Ix6 3¶k gi SÎ;SÅ# On`rd6 G3- mu G3c
3¶ Kdnmr6 gnìrijèd gi uk tmk.
Ix6 3¶K gi _MB;BÄ On`rd6 H3
?¶ Kijmr6 gnìrijèd gi uk tmk i kinm

Ix6 ?¶k gi BÄ;Gß. D tirèd gitirknjd si m domrgi î kdnmr mu kijmr pmrtdjtm
tdkcîk jïm î on`rdgm. Mu m domrgi î kdnmr (tik d tirèd kdnmr) mu î kijms
(tirèd kijmr)
?¶ Kdnmr6 gnìrijèd gi gmns tmjs

Ix6 ?¶K gi Gß;KN
7¶ Fustd6 gnìrijèd gi gmns tmjs i kinm

Ix6 7¶ F gi @Ä;_Nc On`rd6 @7
9¶ Gnknjutd6 gnìrijèd gi træs tmjs

Ix6 9¶G gi _N;@Ä On`rd6 C9- mu C9c
9¶ Fustd6 gnìrijèd gi træs tmjs i kinm

Ix6 9¶F gi KN;_N Pirikms qui tmgm domrgi î omjstntuëgm gi N NNN i P , ijtïm d
qunjtd fä `dz pdrti gm domrgi, qudjgm on`rd-si uk domrgi omk qunjtd, omkm I9,
hirdbkijti î pmr qui pigi-si m domrgi sik d tirèd, smkijti W÷jnod i qunjtd,
oadkdgm domrgi pisdgm ik huntdrrd.
9¶ Dukijtdgd6 gnìrijèd gi qudtrm tmjs

Ix6 9¶D gi _MB#;KN On`rd6 H#9+ mu H#9#
0¶ Kdnmr6 gnìrijèd gi qudtrm tmjs i kinm

Ix6 0¶K gi @Ä#;SÎ# On`rd6 @#0
8¶ Kijmr6 gnìrijèd gi onjom tmjs

Ix6 8¶k gi SÎ;Gß On`rd6 G8 mu G8knjmr
8¶ Kdnmr6 gnìrijèd gi onjom tmjs i kinm

Ix6 8¶K gi Gß;_N On`rd6 O8+ mu O8K mu O8kdfmr
1¶ Fustd6 gnìrijèd gi sins tmjs

4>
Ix6 1¶F gi _MB;_MB ukd mntdvd donkd. Jïm î omkuk on`rdr
on `rdr mntdvd tdkcîk.
Odpëtubm 9 ‟ \DSWNWYSD, @NHYSD_ MY PDBMSI_
\drd qui pmssdkms `dbdr kdns smcri ds `nhurds i vdbmris usdgd jukd pdrtnturd
î jioissärnm qui vmoæ `nqui kdns pmr gijtrm gm qui ibd ridbkijti î i
riprisijtd.
D pdrtnturd sirvi pdrd trdjsìrnrkms ukd kösnod pdrd m pdpib. Ik mutrds

pdbdvrds, pmgikms tmodr ukd kösnod, sik jujod tir muvngm-d, dpijds omk d
sud pdrtnturd. Nssm pmrqui jd pdrtnturd istïm isorntms ms smbms i ms domrgis.
D pdrtnturd jdgd kdns î qui m omjfujtm gi snjdns usdgms pdrd snkcmbnzdr ms

smjs qudjtm ì tixturd, gurdèïm, kmgm, tnkcri, ito... Ibd î omkpmstd pmr6
\ijtdhrdkd, Omkpdssm, Sntkm, Obdvis i mutrms doissÿrnms.
Cmk, vnstm nssm vdkms dhmrd `dbdr smcri @nhurds mu Pdbmris. Jik tmgds ds jmtds
tik d kiskd gurdèïm.
\drd riprisijtdr ds värnds gurdèùis gms smjs kusnodns ds jmtds sïm isorntds
smc `mrkds gnìrijtis. Issds gnvirsds `mrkdgds gds jmtds î qui sïm oadkdgds
`nhurds mu vdbmris.
\drd riprisijtdr ms smjs i d gurdèïm gibis, usdkms `nhurds i pdrd odgd vdbmr
tikms ukd `nhurd kusnodb. M vdbmr käxnkm gi ukd jmtd î gi 7 tikpms (qudtrm
cdtngds omk nhudb vdbmr gi gnstãjond ijtri sn) i m kijmr vdbmr î 4/40 (gizissins
dvms, mu 4 tikpm gnvngngm ik gizissins pdrtis nhudns).
Dcdnxm, bnstdrikms ds `nhurds kdns usdgds jds pdrtnturds omk sius rispiotnvms
vdbmris. \risti cdstdjti dtijèïm, pmns qudjgm vmoæ si gipdrdr omk ukd
pdrtnturd sirä kuntm omkuk prisijondr issis sëkcmbms.
@nh 3
3<
MC_6 Issds `nhurds riprisijtdk ms smjs5 sïm oadkdgds vdbmris mu dnjgd,
`nhurds gi smk.
* \DY_D_
Fä ds pdusds sïm `nhurds qui njgnodk gurdèïm gi snbæjonm ijtri

i jtri ms smjs. Dbhujs
tiobdgnstds gïm ìs pdusds d gijmknjdèïm gi `nhurds jihdtnvds mu vdbmris
jihdtnvms, kds iu gi`njntnvdkijti jïm omjomrgm.
Ds pdusds tæk ùjèïm rëtknod i ùjèïm istîtnod gi`njngds jm sijtngm kusnodb.

Bmhm, jïm pmgik sir omjsngirdgds omkm `nhurds jihdtnvds, m qui vik gdr
sijtngm gi dusæjond gi vdbmr. D `nhurd gd pdusd î, jd omjstruèïm kusnodb, tïm
nkpmrtdjti i snhjn`nodtnvd qudjtm d `nhurd gm smk.
Dcdnxm pmgikms vir uk ixikpbm gi \dusd. Issd sirnd omjsngirdgd ukd hrdjgi
pdusd fä qui dpdrioik omjtdhijs jd pdrtnturd, iqunvdbijtis d uk tikpm.
* _ikn Crivi
34
* Këjnkd
* _ikëjnkd
* Omboaind
* _ikn-omboaind
* @usd
* _ikn-ùsd
MC_6 Bikcri-si qui odgd `nhurd gi smk tik sud rispiotnvd pdusd qui bai
omrrispmjgi dm tikpm gi gurdèïm.
Pdbi bikcrdr qui m qui gitirknjd d kîtrnod (`ÿrkubd gi gnvnsïm) gds jmtds
isorntds ik uk pijtdhrdkd î m Sntkm, qui pmgi sir6
- Tudtirjärnm - qudjgm si gnvngi m tikpm ik gi 7 ik 7 oîbubds.
Ixikpbm6
| * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | ito...
- Wirjärnm - qudjgm si gnvngi m tikpm ik gi ? ik ? oîbubds.
Ixikpbm6
33
| * * * | * * * | * * * | * * * | * * * | * * * | * * * | * * * | ito...
- Cnjärnm - qudjgm si gnvngi m tikpm ik gi 3 ik 3 oîbubds.
Ixikpbm6
| * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | * * | ito...
M rntkm pmr sud viz î rihngm pmr uk njstrukijtm oadkdgm KIWS×JMKM,

qui msonbd gi tikpm ik tikpm sik vdrndèùis, mu sifd, siu kmvnkijtm î
sikpri omjtëjum i jïm kugd. Kuntms tiobdgms fä tæk issd ùjèïm.
M kitr÷jmkm pmgi sir rihubdgm pdrd ixioutdr ukd qudjtngdgi ispioë`nod gi

cdtngds pmr knjutm.
\drd ixikpbn`nodr, vifd dcdnxm m qui tijtdkms gnzir6

Ysdjgm m omkpdssm 7/7 i ukd kîtrnod gi 11 jmtds pmr knjutm.
* BNHDGYSD
Ourvd qui pmgi bnhdr guds mu kdns jmtds jd kiskd dbturd. Wmod-si d 4ª i
sihurd dtî omkpbitdr m tikpm gds gikdns.
* @SD_IDGM
Ourvd qui pmgi bnhdr guds mu kdns jmtds ik dbturds gnìrijtis. Wmod-si d 4ª i
sihurd sÿ smbtdjgm qudjgm tmodr d öbtnkd.
* @ISKDWD
@nhurd qui gmcrd m vdbmr gd `nhurd kusnodb.
3?
* WISONJD_
Î uk hrupm gi træs jmtds domkpdjadgds pmr ukd bnhdgurd i jm siu njtirnmr, m

jm ?
Ixikpbm46 Wræs jmtds gi kinm tikpm tik vdbmr gi 4 tikpm
Wmod-si, ijtïm, ds træs jmtds ik kdns mu kijms 4 sihujgm
Ixikpbm3 6 Wræs jmtds gi uk tikpm tik m vdbmr gi 3 tikpms.
Wmod-si ds træs jmtds ik kdns mu kijms 3 sihujgms.
Odpëtubm 0 ‟ GYSDÈÏM
37
Jm odpëtubm donkd `dbdkms gds `nhurds, gms vdbmris, pmrîk jïm dprmùjgdkms
smcri uk ntik gi sukd nkpmrtãjond i qui ijvmbvi issis dssujtms6 D gurdèïm.
D gurdèïm jdgd kdns î gm qui uk njtirvdbm gi tikpm. Î m tikpm ijtri m njëonm

i m `njdb gm ivijtm smjmrm. \mgirëdkms kignr issi tikpm ik tirkms gi
sihujgms. Yk kdistrm pmgirnd gnzir dm prnkinrm vnmbnjm6 tmqui uk _n pmr 7.90
sihujgms. Issd jïm î, jm ijtdjtm, d kdjinrd pibd qudb ms kösnoms riprisijtdk
d gurdèïm gi uk ivijtm smjmrm.
D gurdèïm gi ukd jmtd î riprisijtdgd, ik ukd pdrtnturd, pmr kinm gi ukd

omjvijèïm gi snjdns qui fä gurd dbhujs sîoubms. Jissi tnpm gi jmtdèïm usudb,
jïm si ispion`nod d gurdèïm ik tirkms dcsmbutms. Ms sëkcmbms omjtngms ik
ukd pdrtnturd fdkdns gnzik pdrd uk kösnom6 "tmqui ukd jmtd tdb gurdjti
tdjtms sihujgms". Ykd pdrtnturd gnz dm kösnom6 "tmqui ukd jmtd bmjhd" mu
"tmqui ukd jmtd omk gurdèïm nhudb d kitdgi gd gurdèïm gi ukd jmtd bmjhd"
mu "uk qudrtm gd gurdèïm" i dssnk pmr gndjti. Ms sëkcmbms i ds gurdèùis
riprisijtdgds pmr ibis istïm jd @nhurd 4.3 jm odpëtubm djtirnmr.
Jmti qui istd jmtdèïm riprisijtd d gurdèïm ribdtnvd ijtri ds jmtds. D pdrtnr gd
tdcibd gd @nhurd 4.3 pmgikms giguznr jïm sÿ ds ribdèùis ijtri d sikncrivi i ds
mutrds `nhurds kds ijtri ds `nhurds ijtri sn. \mr ixikpbm6 qudb d ribdèïm ijtri d
gurdèïm gd omboaind i d gd këjnkd= Mrd, si ds guds këjnkds iqònvdbik d ukd
sikncrivi i mntm omboainds iqònvdbik d ukd sikncrivi, ijtïm qudtrm omboainds
iqònvdbik d ukd këjnkd.
M qui î nkpmrtdjti î qui jd jmtdèïm trdgnonmjdb gd pdrtnturd, jïm si ixprnki

tikpm dcsmbutm kds tikpm ribdtnvm . Odgd `nhurd ixprnki uk tikpm qui jïm
tik sijtngm nsmbdgm kds smkijti ik omjfujtm omk ds mutrds. \mr nssm ukd
pdrtnturd pmgi sir tmodgd kdns bijtd mu kdns rdpngdkijti. Tudjgm ukd
pdrtnturd î tmodgd ik ukd vibmongdgi gnìrijti, d ribdèïm ijtri
ijtri ds gurdèùis gds
jmtds jïm kugd.
D jmtdèïm gi gurdèïm î omjaiongd adcntudbkijti pibms kösnoms omkm jmtdèïm
rëtknod. Ykd omkcnjdèïm gi gnvirsds jmtds gi gnìrijtis gurdèùis sikpri
gijmtd uk rntkm mu pdgrïm rëtknom.
rëtknom.
\mgikms riprisijtdr uk pdgrïm rëtknom omkcnjdjgm värnms sëkcmbms gi

gurdèïm. Pifd m pdgrïm rëtknom gd @nhurd 4.3, pmr ixikpbm. Jibd istïm qudtrm
`nhurds rëtknods6 ukd sikncrivi sihungd gi guds sikëjnkds i ukd këjnkd.
Tudb d gurdèïm qui odgd ukd gissds qudtrm `nhurds riprisijtd=
39
Ik tirkms gi gurdèïm ribdtnvd ì sikncrivi, ds sikëjnkds vdbik uk qudrtm gd
gurdèïm gistd i d këjnkd vdbi kitdgi.
Pdkms supmr qui d prnkinrd `nhurd (d sikncrivi) gurdssi uk sihujgm. D

sihujgd `nhurd (d sikëjnkds) gurdrnd uk qudrtm gi sihujgm, pmns ibd vdbi
sikpri uk qudrtm gm qui vdbi d sikncrivi. D tiroinrd `nhurd tdkcîk gurdrnd
ukd qudrtm gi sihujgm. D qudrtd (d këjnkd) gurdrnd kinm sihujgm, pmns
sikpri vdbi d kitdgi gd sikncrivi.
Nkdhnji, pmr mutrm bdgm, qui rismbvæssikms `dzir d sikncrivi gurdr gmns
sihujgms. D gurdèïm gds mutrds træs `nhurds sirnd, rispiotnvdkijti6 kinm
sihujgm, kinm sihujgm i uk sihujgm.
Î obdrm qui uk kösnom, pdrd tmodr, jïm `nod pijsdjgm jm vdbmr gds gurdèùis
ik tirkms gi sihujgms. M qui ibi pmgi `dzir î, pmr ixikpbm, cdtir omk m pî
ukd kdrodèïm `nxd gi tikpm i pijsdr6 m "WMO-WMO-WMO" gm kiu pî istä
tmodjgm ukd pmrèïm gi sikëjnkds, ukd dpÿs d mutrd.
Wijgm ukd kdrodèïm rëtknod `nxd jm pî, ibi pmgi cdtir omk d kïm m pdgrïm
rëtknom, usdjgm m pî (ds sikëjnkds omjstdjtis) omkm hund.
Pdkms supmr qui m kösnom tijad gi tmodr ukd sikncrivi omk d kïm. Ibi sdci
qui odgd sikncrivi tik ukd gurdèïm nhudb ì gurdèïm gi qudtrm sikëjnkds. _i
ibi istä cdtijgm omk m pî ukd pmrèïm gi sikëjnkds i d sikncrivi vdbi qudtrm
sikëjnkds, ibi sdci qui, pdrd tmodr ukd sikncrivi omk d kïm, tirä gi tmodr
gurdjti uk tikpm nhudb d qudtrm cdtngds gm siu pî (ds
( ds sikëjnkds).
Isorivir d gnvnsïm rëtknod gi ukd gdgd kibmgnd jd jmtdèïm adcntudb gi

pdrtnturds jïm î ukd tdri`d trnvndb. Wdkcîk jïm î trnvndb m omjtrdrnm, mu sifd,
bir ukd gdgd gnvnsïm rëtknod jukd pdrtnturd i tmoä-bd omk prionsïm. Issds
tdri`ds sïm oadkdgds, rispiotnvdkijti, gi "Gntdgm Sëtknom" i "_mbìfm Sëtknom".
Ibds tmkdk cmd pdrti gm tikpm gi istugm gm kösnom. Omkm gnznd
djtirnmrkijti, d pdrtnturd ixprnki d ribdèïm gi gurdèïm ijtri ds gnvirsds jmtds
i jïm ds gurdèùis dcsmbutds.
_upmjadkms qui adfd oijtijds gi jmtds ik ukd pdrtnturd. Ds gurdèùis

ribdtnvds gi tmgds ibds fä istïm ispion`nodgds i cdstd qui dpijds YKD gds
gurdèùis dcsmbutds gds `nhurds sifd ispion`nodgd pdrd qui tmgds ds mutrds
tdkcîk m sifdk.
Jukd pdrtnturd trdgnonmjdb, m vdbmr dcsmbutm gd gurdèïm gi ukd `nhurd î

njgnodgm ombmodjgm-si jm dbtm gd pdrtnturd ukd kdrodèïm omkm d gd `nhurd
donkd. D `nhurd kmstrd ukd sikëjnkd sijgm nhudbdgd dm jökirm 0<. Nstm
snhjn`nod qui, jistd pdrtnturd, d sikëjnkd vdbi "4/0< gi knjutm"mu uk
sihujgm. _i m jökirm `mssi nhudb d 1<, d sikëjnkd vdbirnd 4/1< gi knjutm mu
<,89 sihujgms.
Istd kdrodèïm î omjaiongd omkm kdrodèïm gi tikpm mu

mu djgdkijtm.
30
Mrd, si d sikëjnkd vdbi uk sihujgm, pmgikms giguznr qudjtm vdbik tmgds ds
mutrds `nhurds rëtknods6 d sikncrivi vdbirä 7 sihujgms (d sikëjnkd vdbi sikpri
uk qudrtm gibd), d këjnkd vdbirä 3 sihujgms ito.
Jd virgdgi, istd kdrodèïm, qui dpdrioi jm dbtm gds pdrtnturds, jmrkdbkijti î

usdgd ik omjfujtm omk uk dpdribam oadkdgm Kitr÷jmkm. Isti dpdribam î
ukd ispîoni gi "pî dutmkätnom". Ibi `dz ukd pmrèïm gi ruëgms sikibadjtis d
istdbngms, nhudbkijti ispdèdgms. D gurdèïm gm njtirvdbm ijtri ms istdbms î
rihubävib pmr uk kdrodgmr.
_mc m kdrodgmr ixnstik jökirms isorntms. _i m njstrukijtnstd vdn njnondr m

istugm gi ukd pièd qui tik ukd kdrodèïm gi tikpm omkm d dprisijtdgd jd
`nhurd djtirnmr, ibi rihubd m kitr÷jmkm pdrd m jökirm omrrispmjgijti ì
kdrodèïm gd pdrtnturd. Ibi sdci qui ds cdtngds gm dpdribam sirïm `nhurds nhudns
ì `nhurd qui istä sijgm nhudbdgd dm jökirm. Jm ixikpbm gd `nhurd, m
njstrukijtnstd rihubdrnd m kitr÷jmkm pdrd 0< i sdcirnd qui odgd cdtngd gisti
istdrnd riprisijtdjgm ukd sikëjnkd.
_i ibi qunsissi tmodr ukd sikëjnkd, cdstdrnd ibi tmodr ukd gurdèïm nhudb ì
cdtngd gm kitr÷jmkm. _i qunsissi tmodr ukd këjnkd, tmodrnd ukd gurdèïm
nhudb d guds cdtngds gm kitr÷jmkm ito.
Odpëtubm 8 ‟ JMWD_ GI KINM WIK\M
Jisti odpëtubm gdrikms ukd pnjoibdgd räpngd jm qui si riìri ìs Jmtds gi Kinm
Wikpm.
Tudjgm amuvir ukd siqòæjond gi guds mu kdns jmtds gi kinm tikpm, ds

kiskds sirïm bnhdgds pmr uk trdèm amrnzmjtdb, kdns mu kijms gissd kdjinrd6
38
Ds jmtds gi kinm tikpm nsmbdgds tirïm ukd cdjginrmbd donkd gd adsti omkm jm
hrä`nom dcdnxm6
Givikms bikcrdr tdkcîk qui jioissntdkms gi guds jmtds gi kinm tikpm pdrd
nhudbdr omk ukd jmtd gi uk tikpm, mu sifd, guds jmtds gi kinm tikpm
ixioutdgds ik kdns m kijms uk sihujgm.
Ixikpbm6
31
Odpëtubm 1 ‟ BNHDGYSD
D bnhdgurd î ukd bnjad siknonroubdr qui smkd ms vdbmris gms pmjtms bnhdgms.
Wrdtd-si gi ukd bnjad ourvd, qui si istnvir ombmodgd
omb modgd smcri mu smc gmns mu kdns
smjs gd kiskd ijtmjdèïm, njgnod qui ms smjs bnhdgms jïm givik sir ripitngms.
Nstm î, smkijti m prnkinrm smk î ikntngm, ms gikdns sirïm dpijds ukd
prmbmjhdèïm gm prnkinrm. Istd prmbmjhdèïm tirä d gurdèïm gds `nhurds bnhdgds.
Pifd m qui î ukd bnhdgurd6
Pifd uk ixikpbm gi riprisijtdèïm gibd i d smkd gms vdbmris6
MC_6 Tudjgm d bnhdgurd vik ombmodgd pmr onkd mu pmr cdnxm gi smjs gi
ijtmdèïm gnìrijti, siu iìntm î kirdkijti gi ixiouèïm njstrukijtdb mu vmodb,
gitirknjdjgm qui ijtri m prnkinrm i m öbtnkm smk omkpriijgngms gijtrm gd
3>
bnhdgurd jïm givi advir njtirrupèïm i snk, qui tdns smjs si ixioutdk
bnhdgdkijti.
Odpëtubm > ‟ \MJWM GI DYKIJWM & \MJWM GI GNKNJYNÈÏM
Guds gi`njnèùis gi sukd nkpmrtãjond jm qui gnz rispintm ì pdrtnturd ! Pdkms d

ibds6
M pmjtm gi dukijtm jdgd kdns î qui uk pmjtm ombmodgm ì gnrintd gi ukd

`nhurd i qui sirvi pdrd dukijtdr d kitdgi gm vdbmr gi gurdèïm gibd.
Pifd uk ixikpbm dcdnxm6
Gmns mu kdns pmjtms pmgik sir ombmodgms ì gnrintd gd jmtd mu gd pdusd, tijgm
jisti odsm, m prnkinrm, m vdbmr fä omjaiongm i ms sihunjtis, odgd qudb d kitdgi
gm vdbmr djtioigijti6 Pifd dcdnxm6
?<
Omjobusïm6 M pmjtm gi dukijtm î m snjdb ombmodgm dm bdgm gi ukd jmtd mu
pdusd pdrd njgnodr m dukijtm gd kitdgi ik sud gurdèïm6
||
Istd jmtd GM vdbi 3 tikpms
||.
\mjtudgd6 GM, vdbi 3 tikpms kdns 4 tikpm gm pmjtm ; ? tikpms
|
Istd jmtd6 GM, vdbi 4 tikpm
|.
\mjtudgd6 GM, vdbi 4 tikpm, kdns kinm tikpm gm pmjtm ; 4 tikpm i kinm
Mcsirvi qui m pmjtm dukijtd d kitdgi gm vdbmr gd jmtd qui djtioigi6
||||.
GM ; 0 Wikpms
||.
GM ; ? Wikpms
|.
GM ; 4 Wikpm i kinm
|l.
GM ; » tikpm + ² gi tikpm gm pmjtm.
?4
Fä m pmjtm gi gnknjunèïm vik ombmodgm donkd mu dcdnxm gd jmtd. \mr issd
rdzïm, m omkpdssm qudrtijärnm si trdjs`mrkd ik cnjärnm. M sëkcmbm gm
omkpdssm tdkcîk kugd.
Ds omboainds, siknomboainds, ùsds i siknùsds tik siu sëkcmbm bnhinrdkijti

kmgn`nodgm, pmr istdrik prÿxnkds ukd gds mutrds.
Pifd uk ixikpbm, dcdnxm pdrd nbustrdr m qui gnssikms6
Odpëtubm 4< ‟ _N_WIKD GI JMWDÈÏM YJNPIS_DB
Djtis gi ijtrdrkms ispion`nodkijti jm dssujtm bnhdgm d binturd gds pdrtnturds i

d ngijtn`nodèïm gi sius sëkcmbms vdkms `dbdr smcri d \dutd Kusnodb, pmns sik
ibd jïm sirnd pmssëvib d ixiouèïm gds kösnods.
\rnkinrdkijti vdkms jms bikcrdr gms jmkis gd _iti jmtds kusnodns. _ïm ibds,
Gÿ, Sî, Kn, @ä, _mb, Bä i _n.
Njnondbkijti pmgikms gnzir qui pdutd kusnodb î m omjfujtm gi bnjads qui î

usdgm pdrd si trdjsorivir ds jmtds kusnodns. Pifd d pdutd kusnodb pdgrïm
dcdnxm.
Omkm vnkms d \dutd mu \ijtdhrdkd î uk omjfujtm gi 9 bnjads i 7 ispdèms

dhrupdgds, pmgijgm vnr d tir bnjads supbikijtdris dgnonmjdgds. Ikcmrd jd
riprisijtdèïm donkd adfdk dpijds 9 bnjads supbikijtdris njìrnmris i
supirnmris, issi jökirm pmgi sir kdnmr, vnstm d \dutd mu \ijtdhrdkd jïm tir
njnonm jik `nk.
Wdkcîk sirïm ijomjtrdgds gnvnsùis jd \dutd. Istis sïm oadkdgms

Omkpdssms.
Pdkms djdbnsdr dhmrd omkm ds _iti jmtds kusnodns istïm gnspmstds jd \dutd mu
\ijtdhrdkd. Dtijti omkm jm njnonm gd \dutd mu \ijtdhrdkd ixnsti uk sëkcmbm,
?3
î d Obdvi gi _mb, ixnstik mutrds Obdvis, sïm ibds qui gitirknjdk d pmsnèïm gds
jmtds jd \dutd mu \ijtdhrdkd. Jm jmssm istugm djdbnsdrikms d Obdvi gi _mb.
Pdkms njnondr ijtïm dprijgijgm m snstikd gi jmtdèïm kusnodb jd Obdvi gi _mb.
Jmti qui d Obdvi omkièd jd 3 ¶ Bnjad, î dbn qui istä d jmtd _mb, si gisifdr
omjtnjudr ds jmtds î sÿ sihunr d mrgik.
Pdkms dhmrd ijtïm ixioutdr ukd kösnod, pdrd qui vmoæ omkioi d ixirontdr
sius gigms. Wrdtd-si gd odjèïm Jmjd _nj`mjnd. Pirn`nqui ds jmtds gd kusnod jd
pdutd kusnodb. Tudbquir guvngd mbai jd `nhurd donkd i virn`nqui d jmtd omrritd.
Ms jökirms qui si ijomjtrdrïm dcdnxm gd jmtd riìrik-si dms gigms gd kïm
gnrintd qui givirïm sir usdgms.
Jïm si primoupi omk m `dtm gi qui dbhukds jmtds istïm pritds, mutrds crdjods,
dbhukds tik dstis bnhdgds, mutrds jïm. Nssm istä ribdonmjdgm omk ukd kdtîrnd
dnjgd d sir dcmrgdgd.
M qui nkpmrtd î d pmsnèïm gibds jd \dutd, mu sifd, qudb î d jmtd qui givi sir
tmodgd.
??
M \mjtm gi pdrtngd sirä m ? ¶ Kn gm Wiobdgm.
Odpëtubm 44 ‟ OMK\D__M_
Donkd ombmodkms uk omkpdssm, kds vmoæ pmgi pirhujtdr6 M qui î nstm si dtî
dhmrd jïm muvn `dbdr. \mns cik, jisti odpëtubm vdkms ixpbmrdr kdns isti
dssujtm, pmns î kdns uk gms sëkcmbms qui vmoæ virä jukd pdrtnturd.
Ds `nhurds qui riprisijtdk m vdbmr gds jmtds tæk gurdèïm njgitirknjdgd, nstm
î, jïm tik vdbmr `nxm. \drd qui ds `nhurds tijadk uk vdbmr gitirknjdgm jd
gurdèïm gm smk issi vdbmr î privndkijti omjvijonmjdgm, i î d issi ispdèm gi
gurdèïm qui si gä m jmki gi tikpm.
Dssnk, si istdcibioirkms qui d sikëjnkd tik d gurdèïm gi 4 tikpm, virikms

qui d këjnkd vdbirä 3 tikpms, vnstm m siu vdbmr sir m gmcrm gm gd sikëjnkd5 d
sikncrivi vdbirä 7 tikpms, ukd viz qui prionsdkms gi qudtrm sikëjnkds pdrd
`mrkdr ukd sikncrivi5 d omboaind vdbirä dpijds kinm tikpm, pmns sïm prionsds
guds omboainds pdrd d `mrkdèïm gi ukd sikëjnkd i dssnk pmr gndjti.
\mgikms gnzir omk nssm qui ms tikpms sïm dhrupdgms ik pmrèùis nhudns, gi
gmns ik gmns, gi træs ik træs mu gi qudtrm ik qudtrm, omjstntunjgm ujngdgis
kîtrnods ds qudns si gä m jmki gi omkpdssm.
Ms omkpdssms gi 3 tikpms sïm oadkdgms cnjärnms
Ms omkpdssms gi ? tikpms sïm oadkdgms tirjärnms
Ms omkpdssms gi 7 tikpms sïm oadkdgms qudrtijärnms
Odgd hrupm gi tikpms, nstm î, odgd omkpdssm, î sipdrdgm gm sihunjti pmr ukd
bnjad virtnodb trdvissïm.
?7
Jd tirknjdèïm gi uk trioam kusnodb usd-si ombmodr gmns trdvissùis
gijmknjdgms6 trdvissïm gupbm (mu trdvissïm gmcrdgm) mu pdusd `njdb (si d
tirknjdèïm `mr dcsmbutd, nstm î jd `njdbnzdèïm
`n jdbnzdèïm gm trioam)
Ik qudbquir omkpdssm d `nhurd qui priijoai uk tikpm oadkd-si ujngdgi

gi tikpm i d `nhurd qui priijoai uk omkpdssm oadkd-si ujngdgi gi
omkpdssm.
Ms omkpdssms si gnvngik ik guds odtihmrnds6 snkpbis i omkpmstms. _ïm

riprisijtdgms pmr ukd `rdèïm mrgnjärnd ombmodgd jm prnjoëpnm gd pdutd,
gipmns gd obdvi.
- Omkpdssms _nkpbis
Omkpdssms _nkpbis sïm dquibis oufd ujngdgi gi tikpm î riprisijtdgd pmr

ukd `nhurd gnvnsëvib pmr 3.
Wdns `nhurds sïm oadkdgds snkpbis, nstm î, sïm `nhurds jïm pmjtudgds.
Pifdkms pmr ixikpbm, uk omkpdssm qudbquir (cnjärnm, tirjärnm mu

qudrtijärnm) jm qudb d ujngdgi gi tikpm sifd sikëjnkd mu d omboaind.
D sikëjnkd vdbi 3 omboainds, i d omboaind vdbi 3 siknomboainds, bmhm dkcds sïm

gnvnsëvins pmr 3. \mr omjsihunjti ms omkpdssms qui tnvirik d sikëjnkd mu d
omboaind omkm ujngdgi gi tikpm sirïm omkpdssms snkpbis.
Pdkms djdbnsdr dhmrd ms tirkms gds `rdèùis qui riprisijtdk ms omkpdssms

snkpbis
M jukirdgmr gitirknjd m jökirm gi tikpms gm omkpdssm. Ms dbhdrnskms qui

sirvik pdrd jukirdgmr gms omkpdssms snkpbis sïm6 3 (pdrd cnjärnm), ? (pdrd m
tirjärnm) i 7 (pdrd m qudrtijärnm).
M gijmknjdgmr njgnod d `nhurd qui riprisijtd d ujngdgi gm tikpm.

?9
Ms jökirms qui sirvik omkm gijmknjdgmr sïm ms sihunjtis6
4 - riprisijtdjgm d sikncrivi (omjsngirdgd

(omjsn girdgd omkm ujngdgi)
3 - riprisijtdjgm d këjnkd (kitdgi gd sikncrivi)
7 - riprisijtdjgm d sikëjnkd (qudrtd pdrti gd sikncrivi)
1 - riprisijtdjgm d omboaind (mntdvd pdrti gd sikncrivi)
40 - riprisijtdjgm d siknomboaind (gîonkd sixtd

s ixtd pdrti gd sikncrivi)
?3 - riprisijtdjgm d ùsd (trnhîsnkd sihujgd pdrti gd sikncrivi)
07 - riprisijtdjgm d siknùsd (sixdhîsnkd qudrtd pdrti gd sikncrivi)

s ikncrivi)
TYDGSM GI WMGM_ M_ OMK\D__M_ _NK\BI_

OMK _YD_ YJNGDGI_ GI WIK\M I OMK\D__M
CNJÄSNM_
?0
WISJÄSNM_
TYDSWISJÄSNM_
?8
Odpëtubm 43 ‟ DJGDKIJWM KY_NODB
Fä `dbdkms gi tmgms ms dongijtis i `nhurds i vdbmris ik jmssm istugm, pmrîk

jms isquioikms gi njtrmguznr uk dssujtm,
dss ujtm, qui dpisdr gi piquijm, î gi sukd
nkpmrtãjond pdrd dprijgnzdhik gm tiobdgm6 m djgdkijtm kusnodb.
Djgdkijtm kusnodb î d kdjinrd gd kösnod sir ixioutdgd (tmodgd).
Pifd dcdnxm, ms snjdns gi djgdkijtm riprisijtdgms jd pdutd.
Bijtms6 Bdrhms i dgähnm.
Kîgnms6 Kmgirdttm i djgdjti.
Säpngms6 Dbbihrm i pristm.
_njdns gi njtijsngdgi
.`6 @mrti.
k`6 Kinm `mrti.
``6 @mrtëssnkm.
26 Dukijtdjgm.
:6 Gnknjunjgm.
_njdns gi ripitnèïm
//6 - Sntmrjibbm, njgnod m trioam gd kösnod d sir ripitngm.
% - snhjn`nod qui givirä si ripitnr jm omkpdssm ik qui ibi istnvir m kiskm

domrgi djtirnmr.
Dg bncntuk6 _nhjn`nod qui d ixiouèïm kusnodb `nodrä d odrhm gm ixioutdjti5
`drikms jmssd prÿprnd njtijsngdgi i jmssm
jmss m prÿprnm djgdkijtm.
_uspijsïm6 Î m usm gd ìrkdtd jd pdusd (gmcrd m vdbmr gd pdusd).
Odpëtubm 4? ‟ I_WYGM GD_ I_ODBD_
Djtis gi ijtrdrkms gi`njntnvdkijti jm qui si riìri ì `mrkdèïm gms domrgis, î

jioissärnm qui vmoæ `nqui onijti gi qudns jmtds nrïm `dzir pdrti gissd `mrkdèïm.
I isti omjfujtm gi jmtds qui nrïm `dzir pdrti jd `mrkdèïm gms domrgis î m qui
oadkdkms gi Isodbd.
Jÿs dqun jïm vdkms jms prijgir d tmgds ds isodbds dtî pmrqui ixnstik nj`njntms
kmgms i dbîk gm kdns d rihrd î ngæjtnod prd qudbquir tnpm gi njstrukijtm sifd,
vnmbïm, huntdrrd ito.
Wmkikms, omkm ixikpbm, d isodbd gi gÿ. Pifd6
gÿ rî kn `ä smb bä sn
Jisti omjfujtm gi jmtds nrikms `mrkdr

` mrkdr ms domrgis gd tmjdbngdgi gi gÿ kdnmr.
?1
 Isodbd kdnmr
D isodbd kdnmr î `mrkdgd pmr6
Isodbd gi gÿ kdnmr6
jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gÿ
3 tmjs rî, kn
4 sikn tmk (4/3 tmk) `ä
? tmjs smb, bd, sn
4 sikn tmk (4/3 tmk) gÿ
Isodbd gi smb kdnmr6
jmtd ùjgdkijtdb smb

3 tmjs bä, sn
? tmjs rî, kn, `ä#
4 sikn tmk (4/3 tmk) smb
 Isodbd kijmr
D isodbd kijmr î `mrkdgd pmr6
Isodbd gi bd kijmr6
jmtd ùjgdkijtdb bä
4 tmk sn
3 tmjs rî, kn
4 sikn tmk (4/3 tmk) `ä
3 tmjs smb, bä
Isodbd gi kn kijmr6
jmtd ùjgdkijtdb kn
4 tmk `ä#
4 sikn tmk (4/3 tmk) smb
3 tmjs bä, sn
3 tmjs rî, kn
_i mcsirvdrkms omk dtijèïm jmtdrikms qui ds kiskds jmtds qui `mrkdk d

isodbd gi gÿ kdnmr sïm ds kiskds qui `mrkdk d isodbd gi bä kijmr, cik omkm
ds jmtds gd isodbd gi smb kdnmr sïm ds kiskds gd isodbd gi kn kijmr. Nssm
momrri pmns sïm tmjs ribdtnvms .
_ïm tmjs ribdtnvms6

?>
gÿ kdnmr i bä kijmr
gÿ# kdnmr i bä# kijmr
rî kdnmr i sn kijmr
rî# kdnmr i gÿ kijmr
kn kdnmr i gÿ# kijmr
`ä kdnmr i rî kijmr
`ä# kdnmr i rî# kijmr
smb kdnmr i kn kijmr
smb# kdnmr i `ä kijmr
bä kdnmr i @ä# kijmr
bä# kdnmr i smb kijmr
sn kdnmr i smb# kijmr
Î nkpmrtdjti `rnsdr qui tmgd tmjdbngdgi kdnmr tik omkm siu tmk ribdtnvm ukd
tmjdbngdgi kijmr, i tmgd tmjdbngdgi kijmr tik omk siu tmk ribdtnvm ukd
tmjdbngdgi kdnmr.
 Isodbd Ormkätnod
M omjfujtm gi ukd mntdvd omk ds jmtds crdjods i pritds î oadkdgm gi Isodbd
Ormkätnod. Ik mutrds pdbdvrds pmgikms
pmgikms gnzir qui d isodbd ormkätnod jdgd
kdns î gm qui ukd vdrrigurd gi tmgds ds jmtds ixnstijtis jm snstikd gi
kösnod mongijtdb dtî qui si piromrrd ukd mntdvd. Ykd mntdvd omjsnsti juk
njtirvdbm ijtri ukd jmtd i d kiskd jmtd sÿ qui kdns dhugd mu kdns hrdvi. Jm
odsm gi ukd jmtd kdns dhugd tik-si m gmcrm gd `riqòæjond gd djtirnmr. Jm
gisijam dcdnxm `nod `äonb vnsudbnzdr qudns ds jmtds ixnstijtis jd isodbd
ormkätnod.
D isodbd ormkätnod, gnìrijtikijti gd jdturdb, gnvngi ukd mntdvd ik gmzi smjs.

\drd nssm sïm dgnonmjdgms sikntmjs ijtri ds jmtds qui gnstdk uk tmk ijtri sn.
\mrtdjtm ijtri gÿ i rî5 rî i kn5 `ä i smb5 smb i bä5 bä i sn, sirä dgnonmjdgm uk smk.
Issis jmvms smjs sirïm riprisijtdgms pmr kinm gms snjdns gi dbtirdèïm, qui fä
vnkms jms odpëtubms djtirnmris.
\mrtdjtm d isodbd ormkätnod tirä tmgds ds gnstãjonds ijtri ds jmtds nhudns d uk

sikntmk. Pifd jd `nhurd dcdnxm d isodbd ormkätnod jd dsoijgijti isorntd omk
7<
sustijngms i jd gisoijgijti isorntd omk cikÿns. Sipdrik qui ds dbtirdèùis
sïm isorntds ì isquirgd gd jmtd6
Odpëtubm 47 ‟ @MSKDÈÏM GI DOMSGI_ JM WIOBDGM
Dqun vdkms omkièdr d ijtrdr juk dssujtm gi vntdb nkpmrtãjond pdrd ms jmssms
istugms6 d `mrkdèïm gms domrgis jm tiobdgm. Djtis gi kdns jdgd `nxi cik d
nj`mrkdèïm dcdnxm pdrd qui pmssdkms omkièdr d ijtrdr jm dssujtm omk
ixikpbms omjoritms6
Gÿ - Sî - Kn - @ä - _mb - Bä - _n - Gÿ
Hrdus ;: 4¶ -- 3¶ -- ?¶ - 7¶ -- 9¶ - 0¶ - -8¶- -1¶
-1¶
Cmk, vdkms tijtdr dhmrd dhrupdr, pdrd gikmjstrdr prd vmoæs, tmgds ds jmtds
gd Isodbd gi Gÿ (smkijti jmtds qui pirtijoik ì isodbd gi Gÿ)
_iqòæjond Kdnmr jdturdb gi Gÿ
N NN NNN NP P PN PNN PNNN

Omkièdjgm pibm 4¶ hrdu - Gÿ - Sî - Kn - @ä - _mb - Bä - _n - Gÿ
Omkièdjgm pibm ?¶ hrdu - Kn - @ä - _mb - Bä - _n - Gÿ - Sî - Kn
Omkièdjgm pibm 9¶ hrdu - _mb - Bä - _n - Gÿ - Sî - Kn - @ä ‟ _mb
HSDY_ 4¶ 3¶ ?¶ 7¶ 9¶ 0¶ 8¶
I_ODBD Gÿ Sî Kn @ä _mb Bä _n
JMKI W÷jnod _ihujgd Wirèd Tudrtd Tudrtd _ixtd _îtnkd
Kdnmr Kdnmr Kdnmr Kdnmr Fustd Kdnmr
74
Wikms d siqòæjond6 N - NN - NNN - NP - P - PN - PNN - PNNN, qui î usdgd pdrd
riprisijtdr ms hrdus adrk÷jnoms. Issd siqòæjond î oadkdgd tdkcîk F×JNM -
qui î ukd isodbd hrihd.
Jissi dhrupdkijtm adrk÷jnom tikms ijtïm6
N - Domrgi Kdnmr - W÷jnod gd Adrkmjnd5

NN - Domrgi kijmr5
NNN - Domrgi kijmr5
NP - Domrgi Kdnmr5
P - Domrgi Kdnmr5
PN - Domrgi kijmr Sibdtnvm5
PNN - Domrgi kijmr omk 9¶ hrdu gnknjutm5
PNNN - Sipitnèïm gd W÷jnod.
Pdkms `donbntdr ds omnsds. \risti dtijèïm jissd rihrnjad cäsnod6 W-k-k-K-K-r-

d, mjgi6
W - W÷jnod5
k - kijmr5
K - Kdnmr5
r - ribdtnvd5
d - dbtirdgd.
M qui pmgikms jmtdr jm ixikpbm donkd î qui6

- Î ribdtnvd pmrqui î d adrkmjnd qui kdns si dprmxnkd gd W÷jnod,
Ix6 Dk î Sibdtnvd gi Gÿ kdnmr, pmrqui6
O ; Gÿ - Kn - _mb
Dk ; Bä - Kn ‟ Gÿ
- Î dbtirdgd pmrqui î uk domrgi (kdnmr mu kijmr), oufd istruturd `mn dbtirdgd,

kds qui omjtnjud omk m kiskm jmki pmr odusd gd W÷jnod.
Ix6
Ck9- (mu Ck9kifmr) - _n kijmr omk Tunjtd Kijmr.

C ; _n - Sî# - @ä#
Ck ; _n - Sî - @ä#
Ck9- ; _n - Sî ‟ @ä
\mr nssm, pmgikms gnzir qui tikms ijtïm m prnkinrm dhrupdkijtm (F×JNM) gi
Gÿ Kdnmr. Pifd omkm `nomu6
N ‟ O (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr N - î uk domrgi kdnmr)

NN ‟ Gk (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr NN - î uk domrgi kijmr)
NNN ‟ Ik (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr NNN - î uk domrgi kijmr)
NP ‟ @ (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr NP - î uk domrgi kdnmr)
73
P ‟ H (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr P - î uk domrgi kdnmr)
PN ‟ Dk (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr PN - î uk domrgi kijmr)
PNN - Ck9- (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr PNN - î uk domrgi gnknjutm)
PNNN - O (M dhrupdkijtm gi`njngm pmr PNNN î ukd ripitnèïm gm N)
_i vmoæ jïm ijtijgiu m qui ombmodkms donkd, pristi dtijèïm jissd ixpbnodèïm
kdns gitdbadgd6
Yk domrgi î ukd omkcnjdèïm gi jmtds. Jïm pmgikms omjstrunr uk domrgi

snkpbiskijti fujtdjgm qudnsquir jmtds i ispirdjgm qui sdnd dbhm
adrkmjnmsm. Î prionsm omjaioir qudns i qudjtds jmtds givikms fujtdr. _ikpri
qui `nzirkms uk domrgi, ibi omjstdrä hirdbkijti gi ? jmtds tmkdgds gd isodbd
gndt÷jnod mu ormkätnod. Ixnstik ms domrgis kdnmris, ms kijmris i ms
gnssmjdjtis.
_upmjad qui quinrdkms `dzir m domrgi gi O kdnmr (mu sÿ O). Wmgm domrgi kdnmr
î omkpmstm gd 4d , ?d i 9d jmtd gd isodbd gndt÷jnod gd jmtd qui quirikms
`dzir m domrgi. Dssnk m domrgi gi O givirä tir O (4d), I(?d) i H(9d).
Ms domrgis kdnmris usdk smkijti d isodbd gndt÷jnod gd jmtd. Ykd
odrdotirëstnod njtirissdjti gms domrgis kdnmris i qui ibis tæk uk "smk dbihri".
Ix.6 Domrgi gi H -: 4 d H ?d C 9d G D -: D, O# I
Domrgis kijmris
Ms domrgis kijmris sïm omkpmstms gd 4d ,9d i gd ?d c (?d kinm tmk

dcdnxm).\drd "trdjs`mrkdrkms" uk domrgi kdnmr ik kijmr, cdstd dcdnxdrkms
kinm tmk jd tirèd (mu tiroinrd). Dm omjträrnm gms domrgis kdnmris, ms kijmris
tæk uk "smk trnsti". Siprisijtdkms uk domrgi kijmr ombmodjgm d bitrd ¹k„
knjösoubd jd `rijti. M domrgi gi Gk tirnd istds jmtds6 G(4d ), D(9d )i @(?d c).
\ibd isodbd gi G m @ givirnd sir sustijngm, kds omkm si givi dcdnxdr kinm tmk
jd tirèd m @ `nod jdturdb.
Ix.6 Hk -: H, Cc, G Dk -: D, O, I
Domrgis njvirtngms
Yk domrgi njvirtngm î m kiskm domrgi mrnhnjdb kds omk ds jmtds tmkdgds ik

mrgijs gnìrijtis. Yk domrgi ik mutrd njvirsïm hird, bmhnodkijti, ukd pmsnèïm
gnìrijti. _irnd, d hrmssm kmgm, uk "mutrm fintm" gi si `dzir m kiskm domrgi.
Ix.6 \drd O pmgikms pihdr O I H O I H, O I H O I H mu O I H O I H
\mgikms dnjgd, dbîk gnssm, `dzir uk domrgi omk kdns gi ? jmtds, dgnonmjdjgm
d kiskd jmtd kdns gi ukd viz.
Ix.6 O I H O I H mu O I H O I H
Dssnk pmgikms tir m kiskm domrgi gi njnkdhnjävins kdjinrds. Nssm î kuntm

väbngm jm vnmbïm mjgi jik sikpri î pmssëvib tirkms ds jmtds pdrd d `mrkdèïm
gm domrgi jd siqòæjond 4d, ?d i 9d.
7?
Domrgis ribdtnvms
Ms domrgis ribdtnvms jïm tæk jdgd gi ispiondb ik tirkms gi omjstruèïm. _ïm ms

kiskms domrgis kdnmris i kijmris fä vnstms. Omkm m jmki fä gnz, sïm domrgis
qui ribdèïm uk omk mutrm. Dssnk, qudjgm istugdkms domrgis ribdtnvms,
istdkms istugdjgm ukd oirtd ribdèïm ijtri domrgis kdnmris i kijmris.
Sibdtnvms kijmris
Pdkms omjstrunr ms domrgis gi O i gi Dk pdrd istugdrkms d ribdèïm ijtri ibis6
O -: 4d ?d 9d -: O I H
Dk -: 4d ?d c 9d -: D O I
Pifd qui gds træs jmtds, guds sïm nhudns. Gnzikms qui uk oirtm domrgi kijmr î
ribdtnvm kijmr gi
gi mutrm domrgi kdnmr qudjgm guds gi suds jmtds sïm nhudns.
Ykd kdjinrd prätnod gi si doadr m ribdtnvm(d)* kijmr gi uk domrgi kdnmr î d
sihunjti6
Tudb m domrgi qui vmoæ quir doadr d ribdtnvd kijmr=
Omjti d jmtd 4 tmk i 4/3 dcdnxm.

D jmtd doadgd omrrispmjgi dm domrgi ribdtnvm kijmr gd jmtd prmourdgd.
Ix.6 Doadr d ribdtnvd kijmr gi O.
O -: Cc -: D
tmk sikntmk
S.6 M domrgi ribdtnvm kijmr gi O î Dk.
* Ikcmrd sifd m domrgi, pdbdvrd kdsoubnjd, oadkdkms tdkcîk gi ribdtnvd m

domrgi ribdtnvm kijmr. Dtijèïm, pmns jïm ixnsti jmtd ribdtnvd, i snk domrgi
ribdtnvm. Dcdnxm tikms ukd tdcibd omk ds ribdtnvds kdns usdgds.
O G I H D C
Dk Ck O#k Ik @#k H#k
Sibdtnvms kdnmris
Ykd viz ijtijgngm d ribdtnvd kijmr tmrjd-si

tmrjd-si `äonb ijtijgir m(d) ribdtnvm(d) kdnmr .
Gnzikms qui m domrgi ribdtnvm kdnmr gi uk kijmr î m domrgi qui tik m domrgi
kijmr omkm sud ribdtnvd. Gnrëdkms qui m ribdtnvm kdnmr î d djtn-ribdtnvd .
M prmoissm prätnom pdrd si doadr d ribdtnvd kdnmr î m kiskm gd ribdtnvd kijmr,

sÿ qui dm njvîs gi omjtdrkms 4 tmk i 4/3 pdrd cdnxm, omjtdkms pdrd onkd.
77
Ix.6 Sibdtnvd kdnmr gi Gk.
G -: I -: @
S6 M domrgi î @.
Odpëtubm 49 ‟WMODJGM OMK D_ GYD_ KÏM_
Pmoæ fä givi tir ripdrdgm dbhujs odjtmris si dprisijtdjgm tmodjgm i odjtdjgm

tiobdgm omk ds guds kïms omkm juk pndjm jî kiskm= Nssm î pmssëvib snk i
vdkms ti ijsnjdr omkm prmoigir pdrd qui vmoæ pmssd `dzir m kiskm.
Bmhnodkijti î ùjgdkijtdb gistdodr qui d kdnmrnd gds pissmds usd m tiobdgm

dpijds pdrd tmodr ukd kibmgnd omk d kïm isquirgd i omk d kïm gnrintd `dzir
ms domrgis, kds vmoæ tdkcîk pmgi `dzir m domrgi omk ds guds kïms.
_ihunjgm issd rihrd, jujod si isquièd qui6
Jd kïm isquirgd tmqui omk domrgis dcirtms

Jd kïm gnrintd tmqui omk domrgis jd 4d njvirsïm.
- Kïm Isquirgd (domrgi dcirtm)
Yk domrgi dcirtm î jioissärnm jd kïm isquirgd pmns omk istd kïm hirdbkijti
tmod-si ms smjs kdns hrdvis, omjsiquijtikijti, si tmodrkms m domrgi jd sud
pmsnèïm ùjgdkijtdb smdrä gi kdjinrd mùsodgd.
Tudjtm kdns hrdvi `mr uk domrgi, kdns dcirtm givirä sir sud `mrkdèïm
Yk domrgi dcirtm dcrdjhi ukd mntdvd, jm odsm gi O dtî O6
î `mrkdgm pmr6
d) Jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi O5

c) Tunjtd H5
o) Jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi ukd
u kd mntdvd donkd O5
Domrgi gi O6
79
O H O
I nstm sirvi pdrd tmgms ms gikdns domrgi gd isodbd i tdkcîk pdrd mutrds
isodbds
- Kïm Gnrintd (domrgi jd 4 d njvirsïm)
D kïm gnrintd tmodrä m kiskm domrgi, jm odsm O, jd prnkinrd njvirsïm, drpifdgm

mu cdtngm.
d) _ihujgd jmtd gm domrgi (I)

c) Wiroinrd jmtd gm domrgi (H)
o) Jmtd ùjgdkijtdb ukd mntdvd donkd (O)
I H O
Omjobusïm
(Pifd m hrä`nom dcdnxm i djdbnsi omkm `nomu m qui ixpbnodkms donkd)
Ix6
Domrgi O
kïm isquirgd kïm gnrintd
70
O H O I H O
Domrgi dcirtm Domrgi jmrkdb
 Njvirsïm gi Domrgis (Mcsirvdèïm)
Jm prisijti odpëtubm dcmrgdrkms dbhm ribdonmjdgm ì njvirsïm gi uk domrgi,

kds jïm ixikpbn`nodkms cik. \drd qui jïm risti gövngds, vdkms tijtdr sir
kdns mcfitnvm i kmstrdrkms jd prätnod omkm ùjonmjd ukd njvirsïm.
Cmk, ms domrgis vnstms donkd istïm ik sud pmsnèïm ùjgdkijtdb, mu sifd, istïm
`mrkdgms d pdrtnr jd jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi (4d jmtd gd isodbd). Kds ibis
jïm prionsdk sihunr issd rihrd. \mgikms tdkcîk omkièdr d `mrkdr ms domrgis
d pdrtnr gd sihujgd jmtd (?d) mu gd tiroinrd jmtd gm domrgi (9d). I î dë qui
ijtrd m snstikd gd njvirsïm gms domrgis.
Wmkdkms pmr ixikpbm m domrgi gi O.
\msnèïm ùjgdkijtdb
O I H
* \rnkinrd njvirsïm
I, H O
* _ihujgd njvirsïm
H O I
78
Odpëtubm 40 ‟DOMSGI_ KDNMSI_ I KIJMSI_
Gipmns gi `dzirkms ukd dcmrgdhik smcri ms domrgis vdkms pmsnonmjdr vmoæ

kdns pmr gijtrm gm kujgm gibis. Jisti odpëtubm ixpbnodrikms smcri ms tnpms
kdns nkpmrtdjtis gi domrgis6 Domrgis Kdnmris, Domrgis Kijmris, Domrgi
_ustijngm Kdnmr, Domrgi Cikmb Kdnmr, Domrgi Kdnmr Omk _îtnkd, Domrgi
Kijmr Omk _îtnkd, Domrgis Omk _îtnkd Kdnmr, Domrgis Omk
O mk Jmjd Kdnmr.
 Domrgi Kdnmr
Wmkdjgm omk ixikpbm d isodbd gi O6
Wikms6 O G I @ H D C O
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
Yk domrgi kdnmr, jm odsm, gÿ kdnmr, tmkdkms ds sihunjtis jmtds6
d) D jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi qui jd qudb bivd m jmki gm domrgi (O jm

odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd (I)
o) Ykd qunjtd (H)
4d ?d 9d mu O I H
Omjsiquijtikijti m domrgi gi O6
O (gÿ kdnmr)
O I H
I nssm sirvi pdrd tmgds ms gikdns domrgis, pmr ixikpbm m domrgi gi @6
Wikms6 @ H D C O G I @
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
71
Omjsiquijtikijti m domrgi gi @ î `mrkdgm6
4d ?d 9d mu @ D O
@ (`ä kdnmr)
@ D O
 Domrgi Kijmr (k)
M domrgi kijmr î riprisijtdgm pibd bitrd ‒k‛ knjösoubd (Ixikpbm Ok, Gk,

Ik, Ck, i kuntms mutrms).
Wmkdkms omk ixikpbm d isodbd gi O6
O G I @ H D C O
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
Yk domrgi kdnmr, jm odsm Ok (gÿ kijmr),tmkdkms ds sihunjtis jmtds6
d) D jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi (4d) qui jd qudb bivd m jmki gm domrgi (O jm
odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd kijmr (Ic), gnknjunjgm kinm (4/3) tmk gi I
o) Ykd qunjtd (H)
Ok (gÿ kijmr)
O Ic H
Gm kiskm kmgm domjtioi omk m domrgi gi Hk (smb kijmr)6
H D C O G I @ H
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
7>
d) D jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi (4d) qui jd qudb bivd m jmki gm domrgi (H jm
odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd kijmr (Cc), gnknjunjgm kinm (4/3) tmk gi C
o) Ykd qunjtd (G)
Hk (smb kijmr)
H Cc G
 Domrgi Kdnmr Omk _îtnkd (8)
Î dpijds m dorîsonkm gi ukd qudrtd jmtd jm domrgi.
Wmkdjgm pmr ixikpbm d isodbd gi O6
O G I @ H D C O
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
Yk domrgi gi O8 (gÿ omk sîtnkd) tmkdkms ds sihunjtis jmtds6

odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd (I),
o) Ykd qunjtd (H)
g) Ykd sîtnkd (Cc), d sîtnkd jmtd gnknjunjgm kinm tmk.
O8 (gÿ omk sîtnkd)
O I H Cc
Istd jmtd
(Cc)
 Domrgi Kijmr Omk _îtnkd (k8)
Î dpijds m dorîsonkm gi ukd qudrtd jmtd jm domrgi kijmr.
Wmkdjgm pmr ixikpbm d isodbd gi O6
O G I @ H D C O
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
9<
Yk domrgi gi Ok8 (gÿ kijmr omk sîtnkd) tmkdkms ds sihunjtis jmtds6
odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd kijmr (Ic), gnknjunjgm kinm tmk gd tirèd.
o) Ykd qunjtd (H)
g) Ykd sîtnkd (Cc), d sîtnkd jmtd gnknjunjgm kinm tmk.
Ok8 (gÿ kijmr omk sîtnkd)
Istd jmtd
(Cc) î d
O Ic H Cc
sîtnkd
d
M qui gnìrijond uk domrgi kdnmr gi uk domrgi kijmr î d tirèd (? jmtd gm
domrgi), jm domrgi kijmr ibd î gnknjuëgd kinm tmk.
 Domrgi _ustijngm Kdnmr (#) i Domrgi Cikmb Kdnmr (c)
Domrgi _ustijngm
Î uk domrgi jmrkdb dpijds ibivdjgm-si kinm (4/3) tmk gi odgd jmtd gm

domrgi.
O (gÿ jdturdb) O# (gÿ sustijngm)
O I H O# @ H#
@ (`ä jdturdb) @# (`ä sustijngm)
@ D O @# Cc O#
94
Domrgi Cikmb
Î uk domrgi jmrkdb dpijds gnknjunjgm-si kinm (4/3) tmk gi odgd jmtd gm

domrgi.
H (smb jdturdb) Hc (smb cikmb)
H C G Hc Cc Gc
D (bä jdturdb) Dc (bä cikmb)
D O# I Dc O Ic
 Domrgis Omk _îtnkd Kdnmr (8K)
D sîtnkd kdnmr (8K mu kdf8) î d sîtnkd jmtd gd isodbd, gnstdjti gd mntdvd jmtd
dpijds uk sikntmk6
Wikms6 O G I @ H D C O
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d
_ud `mrkdèïm
d) D jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi qui jd qudb bivd m jmki gm domrgi (O jm odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd (I)
o) Ykd qunjtd (H)
g) Ykd sîtnkd kdnmr (C)
4d ?d 9d 8d mu O I H C
O8K (gÿ kdnmr omk sîtnkd kdnmr)
93
_îtnkd
kdnmr (C)
D sîtnkd kdnmr (8K) givi sir prdtnodgm ik tmgds ds jmtds.
 Domrgis Omk Jmjd Kdnmr (>)
Dssnk omk d sîtnkd kdnmr (8K), m domrgi omk jmjd kdnmr (>) î m dorîsonkm gd
jmjd jmtd gd isodbd dm domrgi.
Wikms6 O G I @ H D C O G
4d 3d ?d 7d 9d 0d 8d 1d >d
_ud `mrkdèïm
d) D jmtd ùjgdkijtdb gm domrgi qui jd qudb bivd m jmki gm domrgi (O jm odsm)
c) Ykd tirèd (I)
o) Ykd qunjtd (H)
g) Ykd jmjd kdnmr (G)
4d ?d 9d >d mu O I H G
O> (gÿ kdnmr omk jmjd kdnmr)
Jmjd
I H O G kdnmr (G)
d
Domrgi jd 4 njvirsïm
Odpëtubm 48 ‟ DOMSGI_ OMK CDNQM IK MYWSD JMWD
Tudjgm vmoæ si gipdrd omk uk domrgi tnpm Dk/H, pmr ixikpbm, bmhm vik d
pirhujtd6 qui domrgi odcibugm î issi= Omkm `dzir= I dhmrd= Wmom m prnkinrm
mu m sihujgm domrgi= Odbkd pissmdb ! Issis domrgis sïm jdgd kdns jdgd
kijms oadkdgms gi gnssmjdjtis mu jd bnjhudhik tiÿrnod, Domrgis omk cdnxm
ik mutrd jmtd.
Wrdtdk-si gi domrgis tmodgms jd kïm gnrintd ik sud pmsnèïm ùjgdkijtdb mu

njvirtngms, i omk d kïm isquirgd dpijds d 4d i d 1d jmtd gm domrgi.
9?
Yk ixikpbm, oadkdkms gi6 ‒gÿ omk cdnxm ik kn‛
Domrgi gi Domrgi gi
O jd sud
pmsnèïm
ùjgdkijtd
O/I I, dcirtm,
smkijti d
4d i d 1d
I I O I H
d
Domrgi dcirtm Domrgi jmrkdb mu jd 4 njvirsïm
Mutrm ixikpbm6 oadkdkms gi ‒smb omk cdnxm ik sn‛
Domrgi gi Domrgi gi
H jd sud
H/C
C, dcirtm,
pmsnèïm smkijti d
ùjgdkijtd 4d i d 1d
C C H C G
d
I dnjgd gijtri kuntms mutrms ‒bä omk cdnxm ik gÿ sustijngm‛
Domrgi gi
D jd sud Domrgi gi
O#, dcirtm,
pmsnèïm
ùjgdkijtd D/O# smkijti d
4d i d 1d
97
O# O# D O# I
d
Cik omkm kuntms mutrms6
G/I rî omk cdnxm ik kn

I/H# kn omk cdnxm ik smb sustijngm
G/@# rî omk cdnxm ik `ä sustijngm
Dk/H bä kijmr omk cdnxm ik smb
H/D smb omk cdnxm ik bä
O/H gÿ omk cdnxm ik smb
Cc/G sn cikmb omk cdnxm ik rî
@/D `ä omk cdnxm ik bä
Gk/@ rî kijmr omk cdnxm ik `ä
G/D rî omk cdnxm ik bä
O/H gÿ omk cdnxm ik smb
@#k/I `ä sustijngm kijmr omk cdnxm ik kn
Odpëtubm 41 ‟ D NK\MSWÃJOND GM IJOMSI JM WIOBDGM
M Ijomri, sik gövngd dbhukd, î uk gms kibamris igntmris gi pdrtnturds qui

omjaièm jd Njtirjit. Aä quik priìrnrd m @njdbi, pmrîk î jm Ijomri qui
ijomjtrm mpèùis omkpbitds pdrd igntdr knjads pdrtnturds, sifd gi vnmbïm,
huntdrrd, cdtirnd, tiobdgm i pmr dë vdn.
M Ijomri î uk gms prmhrdkds gi jmtdèïm kdns njtirissdjtis. Ibi dtijgi

`donbkijti ìs jmssds jioissngdgis5 Dqun vdn dbhukds gnods cäsnods qui
`donbntdk d utnbnzdèïm gm Ijomri.
Pmoæ pmgi utnbnzdr omkdjgms gi tiobdgm ik dbhukds ùjèùis cäsnods

ispioë`nods, sik d mcrnhdèïm gi utnbnzdr ms kijus. _i vmoæ jïm omjaioi m
Ijomri dprmvinti pdrd omjaioir dbhujs prmoignkijtms cäsnoms, dbîk gi
dprijgir d usdr m tiobdgm.
 Mctir pdrtnturd d pdrtnr gi uk drqunvm KNGN.
Pmoi givi usdr uk siquijondgmr pdrd hrdvdr suds siqòæjonds prignbitds.

\rnkinrm î jioissärnm siquijondr (hrdvdr)d kösnod omk siu tiobdgm omjiotdgm
ik sud njtir`doi KNGN usdjgm m ODEIXDBE \SM@I__NMJDB pdrd Xnjgmws.
99
Gipmns gi sdbvdr jd ixtijsïm gm Odeiwdbe (*.wre), sdbvd-si m drqunvm ik *.kng
(_tdjgdrg Kngn @nbi,qui d kdnmrnd gms prmhrdkds dointdk)jm gnritÿrnm gm
IJOMSI.
Dpÿs isti prmoignkijtm, ìoai m Odeiwdbe i dcrd m Ijomri. Ik sihungd isombad

@NBI/M\IJ pdrd dcrnr m drqunvm qui `mn sdbvm ik *.kng jm Odeiwdbe. D
utnbnzdèïm gi oirtms omkdjgms gi tiobdgm `donbntdk jd rdpngiz gd ignèïm cäsnod
gds suds omkpmsnèùis
omkpmsnèùis jm Ijomri jm qui si riìri dm doissm gi dbhujs
omkdjgms utnbnzdgms.Omk nssm jïm î prionsm tnrdr ds kïms jm tiobdgm, sik
prionsdr odèdr tdjtms omkdjgms jms kijus.
 Gnod Nkpmrtdjti
Gipmns gi dbtirdr dbhukd jmtd, sifd d dbturd, gurdèïm, ito pièd Otrb+D
(sibionmjdr tugm) i gipmns Otrb+F-Kidsuris/Dbnhj _pdonjh (Dbnjadr ds jmtds
qudjtm ì sud pmsnèïm, Tudjtnzi dm hrä`nom gm Ijomri). Gipmns usi gi jmvm
Otrb+F (sibionmjdr tugm) i m omkdjgm Kidsuris/Dbnhj \bdycdoe (Tudjtnzi
smjmrm) pdrd qui d riprmguèïm mcigièd dms jmvms orntîrnms dgmtdgms.
 Dtdbams kdns Ysdgms
Dbtirdèïm gd d dbturd i gurdèïm gds jmtds.
4;Crivi
3;_ikncrivi
?;Këjnkd
7;_ikëjnkd
9;Omboaind
0;_iknomboaind
8;@usd
1;_iknùsd
Ombmodèïm i ibnknjdèïm gi snjdns gi dbtirdèïm omkm sustijngms, cikmns,

ciqudgrms ,jmtds pmjtudgds.
_; _ustijngm
@; Cikmb
J; Ciqudgrm
_oan`t+_; Gmcrdgm _ustijngm
_oan`t+@; Gmcrdgm Cikmb
_oan`t+J; Ciqudgrm
G; \mjtm
_oan`t+G; Gupbm \mjtm
W; Tunäbtird
Wrdjs`mrkdèïm gi jmtds ik pdusd i vnoi virsd.
S
90
Njvirsïm gds adstis(pdrd onkd mu pdrd cdnxm)
Otrb+Y; \drd onkd

Otrb+G; \drd cdnxm
Ombmodèïm gi Bnhdgurds(Wni)i `rdzidgms(_bur)
Otrb+W; Bnhdr jmtds nhudns(dukijtdjgm sud gurdèïm)

Otrb+B; @rdzidgms(bnhdr jmtds gnìrijtis)
Yjnr cdjginrmbds
Otrb+K; Yji ds cdjginrmbds gds jmtds

Otrb+C; Yji ds cdjginrmbds gds jmtds pmr tikpm
Igntdr jökirm gi vmzis (pmbn`mjnd)
Otrb+4;Pmnoi 4
Otrb+3;Pmnoi 3
Otrb+?;Pmnoi ?
Otrb+7;Pmnoi 7
Otrb+9;Pmnoi 9
Otrb+0;Pmnoi 0
Otrb+8;Pmnoi 8
Otrb+1;Pmnoi 1
Dfusti gm ispdèm ijtri ds jmtds(Kidsuris/Dbnhj _pdonjh-Tudjtnzi hrä`nom)
Otrb+F
_ibionmjdr tugm(Ignt/_ibiot dbb)
Otrb+D
Cmrrdoad
_itd
98
MC_6 Istis sïm ms dtdbams kdns usdgms pdrd si orndr pdrtnturds jm Ijomri.
Bÿhnom qui ixnstik kuntms mutrms, pmrîk vdkms si dtir dqun smkijti d issis,
pmns ms gikdns sïm gisjioissärnms i kijms usdgms. Odsm vmoæ quinrd kdns
nj`mrkdèùis î sÿ omjsubtdr kdjudns i nr dm Aibp gm Ijomri.
Odpëtubm 4> ‟ @YJÈÙI_ GM WIOBDGM
Jms odpëtubms djtirnmris pmgikms omjaioir m tiobdgm timrnodkijti cik omkm

tmgds ds jmèùis usdgds jds pdrtnturds. Dhmrd, dtî pdrd gdr ukd ribdxdgd jm
dssujtm, vdkms ti ombmodr d pdr gds vdrndgds ùjèùis i utnbnzdèùis gm tiobdgm
ibitr÷jnom. Kuntds pissmds ki ijvndk i-kdnb pirhujtdjgm m qui snhjn`nod
dbhujs tirkms, ik njhbæs, gi siu njstrukijtm gi trdcdbam. Kuntds vizis d
pissmd tik m tiobdgm, kds jik sdci qui, tik uk njstrukijtm pmtijti i omk
kuntds judjois pmsntnvds.
Wmgm tiobdgm ibitr÷jnom, cdsnodkijti ms gi bnjad risngijondb sïm oainms gi

ùjèùis qui sirvik pdrd dcrnbadjtdr d ixiouèïm gd kibmgnd. Ixnstik värnms
`dcrnodjtis i värnms kmgibms, m qui pmgi vdrndr kuntm ik tirkm gi ùjèïm gi
uk njstrukijtm pdrd mutrm. Ms kdns omjaiongms i utnbnzdgms sïm ms gds kdrods
^dkdad, Odsnm, Wioajnos, Smbdjg i Edwdn. Pifd dcdnxm, d bnstd gds ùjèùis pmr
ibis, gisikpijadgds.
- @ujèùis
Pmyoi6 _ïm ms njstrukijtms gnspmjëvins pdrd m ixioutdjti isombair (Mrhïm,

_trnjhs, ito.)
_tybi6 _ïm ms värnms rëtnkms utnbnzdgms pdrd d ixiouèïm kusnodb (Pdbsd, _dkcd,

ito.)
Wikpm6 Sihubd d vibmongdgi omk qui d kösnod vdn sir ixioutdgd
Wrdjspmsi6 Ysd-si pdrd trdjspmsnèïm kusnodb (si m tmk gd kusnod î Gÿ, i vmoæ

usd trdjspmsi + 4, kugmu m tmk pdrd Gÿ#, kiskm d kibmgnd sijgm ixioutdgd
ik Gÿ).
Doomkpdjjnkijt6 Domkpdjadkijtm dutmkätnom, î ibi quik gä vngd d

ixiouèïm, dorisoijtdgm d mrquistrd qudjgm gd kmgubdèïm gms domrgis (usm gd
kïm isquirgd), tdkcîk pmgi dpdrioir omkm @NJHISIG, _NJHBI@NJHIS mu
OD_NMOAMSG.
@njhirig6 M kiskm qui Doomkpdjjnkijt.
_njhbi`njhir6 Domkpdjadkijtm omk uk gigm sÿ. D jmtd qui `mr tmodgd pmr
dpijds uk gigm `mrkdrä m domrgi smbnontdgm (kdjinrd jïm omjvijonmjdb
utnbnzdgd jms tiobdgms gi kdrod ^dkdad).
Odsnmoamrg6 M kiskm qui snjhbi`bnjhir sÿ qui pdrd tiobdgms gi kdrod Odsnm.
91
@nbb-nj6 Tudjgm dpirtdgm `dz m omjtrd-tikpm, kuntm omjaiongm omkm ripnqui.
Njtrm/ijgnjh6 Tudjgm donmjdgm jm njëonm gd kusnod, ixioutd ukd njtrmguèïm

prî-prmhrdkdgd pibm `dcrnodjti, qudjgm donmjdgd gurdjti mu dm `njdb gi ukd
ixiouèïm kusnodb `dz ukd `njdbnzdèïm.
_tdrt/_tmp6 Njnond mu pdrd m doomkpdjnkijt.
_yjo6 _njormjnskm, snhjn`nod qui dm donmjdr m snjormjnskm dutmkätnom m

domkpdjadkijtm sÿ vdn ijtrdr qudjgm `mr donmjdgm uk domrgi qudbquir.
Sio6 Donmji pdrd hrdvdèïm gi domkpdjadkijtm, kibmgnd mu kibmgnd +

domkpdjadkijtm.
Kubtn pdg6 Ixioutd smjs prî prmhrdkdgms pibm `dcrnodjti (cuznjd, tibi`mji,
ito).
_mjh/gikm6 Ixioutd kibmgnds gi gikmjstrdèïm gm njstrukijtm.
Mji tmuoa sittnjh6 Tudjgm donmjdgm pùi ik ixiouèïm vmnoi i stybi prî
prmhrdkdgms pibm `dcrnodjti.
Gnvngnkms m tiobdgm ik guds pdrtis qui oadkdkms gi Yppir i bmwir.

Bmwir6 Wiobdgm njìrnmr, mu sifd d pdrti ik qui usdkms pdrd drkdr ms domrgis
(bdgm isquirgm).
Yppir6 Wiobdgm supirnmr, usdkms pdrd ixioutdr d kibmgnd.

kib mgnd.
\mjtm gi spbnt6 Njgnod ik qui jmtd gm tiobdgm dodcd d gnvnsïm gi domrgis.
_pbnt vmnoi6 _irvi pdrd prmhrdkdr m njstrukijtm qui nrä tmodr fujtm omk m
domrgi (bdgm isquirgm).
Gudb vmnoi6 Knsturd guds vmzis gurdjti d ixiouèïm kusnodb (bdgm gnrintm).
Gi pmssi gistds nj`mrkdèùis, fä tikms omjgnèïm gi omjaioir ds `nhurds
kusnodns i omkm ibds sïm riprisijtdgds jd pdutd.
Odpëtubm 3< ‟ ITYN\DKIJWM_ \DSD WSDCDBADS OMK M WIOBDGM
Jm prisijti odpëtubm nrikms pmsnonmjdr vmoæ d rispintm gms iqunpdkijtms

jioissärnms pdrd domkpdjadr m Wiobdgm gurdjti ds dprisijtdèùis ik pöcbnom.
Pdbi bikcrdr qui d kdnmrnd gms tiobdgms snjtitnzdgmris pmssuik dkpbn`nodèïm

prÿprnd. _ius dutm-`dbdjtis trdcdbadk omk ukd pmtæjond gi sdëgd ik tmrjm gi
4< d 49 wdtts SK_, iqunvdbijti dm smk gi ukd WP gi 47". Istd pmtæjond gi
sdëgd î njsu`nonijti pdrd dkcnijtis kdnmris, mjgi si ijomjtrdk uk hrdjgi
jökirm gi pissmds riujngds6 ìstds, cdnbis, samws, odsdkijtms, ito..
9>
\mrtdjtm d gnod î qui si dukijti m vmbuki gm smk gm tiobdgm dtrdvîs gi odnxds
dkpbn`nodgds mu dkpbn`nodgmris gi äugnm, ms oadkdgms \.D.- pmtæjonds gi smk i
odnxds doöstnods.
Odsm vmoæ quinrd dkpbn`nodr siu tiobdgm, aä guds kdjinrds6
- Ytnbnzdjgm guds odnxds dkpbn`nodgds kmjm6
Omjiotd-si m odjdb gi sdëgd (mut) gnrintd ik gds odnxds i m odjdb gd isquirgd

jd mutrd. Ms jëvins gi vmbuki, hrdvi, kîgnm i dhugm gi dkcds ds odnxds
dkpbn`nodgds givik sir nhudns, odsm omjträrnm, m smk gm tiobdgm dkpbn`nodgm jïm
`nod cdbdjoidgm `nibkijti.
Ytnbnzdjgm uk snstikd gi dkpbn`nodèïm gi äugnm 6
Yk snstikd cäsnom gi smk istîrim î omkpmstm gi6 knxir mu kisd gi smk

pmtæjond gi smk (\D) i iqudbnzdgmr.
Knxir mu kisd gi smk6 Iqunpdkijtm qui sirvi pdrd rioicir, ik gnìrijtis

ijtrdgds (odjdns), ms snjdns gi äugnm jïm dkpbn`nodgms gi värnms njstrukijtms
ibitr÷jnoms i knorm`mjis, kisobd-bms, trdjs`mrkdjgm ik gmns odjdns gi sdëgd
istirim`÷jnod pdrd dkpbn`nodèïm.
Wikms jm kirodgm, kisds gi 7, 1, 40, ?3, ito., odjdns gi ijtrdgd, jdonmjdns

jdon mjdns i
nkpmrtdgds gi ixoibijti qudbngdgi.
Aä, pdrd odgd odjdb gi ijtrdgd, omjtrmbis njgipijgijtis gi vmbuki, hrdvi,
kîgnm, i dhugm.
\mtæjond gi smk6 D ùjèïm gisti iqunpdkijtm î dkpbn`nodr m snjdb gi äugnm

qui rioici gnritm gd kisd gi smk mu iqudbnzdgmr. Ykd odrdotirëstnod
nkpmrtdjti gisti iqunpdkijtm î sud pmtæjond gi sdëgd kigngd ik SK_. Ds
pmtæjonds prm`nssnmjdns vdrndk gi 3<< d 43<< wdtts.
Iqudbnzdgmr6 Isti dpdribam rioici ms snjdns gi äugnm qui sdik gd kisd gi

smk i , pmssncnbntd d rihubdhik gds gnìrijtis `riqòæjonds, gm kdns hrdvi dm
kdns dhugm. Î ùjgdkijtdb jms istögnms gi hrdvdèïm. _i vmoæ pmssunr ukd
kisd gi qudbngdgi, isti iqunpdkijtm pmgi sir gnspijsävib.
gnspijsävi b.
Odnxds Doöstnods i m Wiobdgm
\drd domkpdjadr m tiobdgm î jioissärnm odnxds doöstnods gi hrdjgi pmtæjond.

D ùjèïm gds odnxds doöstnods î dtrdvîs gms dutm-`dbdjtis, trdjs`mrkdr ms
snjdns gi äugnm dkpbn`nodgms ik vncrdèùis smjmrds. Hirdbkijti, ds odnxds
doöstnods pmssuik uk gnstrncuëgms gi `riqòæjond i træs dbtm-`dbdjtis6
wmmìr6 41, 49 mu 43 pmbihdgds - riprmguzik ms hrdvis.

bmug grnvi6 - riprmguzik ms kîgnms
twiitir6 - riprmguzik ms dhugms.
0<
D odpdongdgi (ik wdtts) gds odnxds doöstnods tik qui sir, mcrnhdtmrndkijti
nhudb mu kdnmr qui d pmtæjond gi sdëgd gd \D.
_i vmoæ tik omkm mcfitnvm si dprisijtdr ik ìstds pdrd 3<</?<< pissmds, ukd
kisd gi smk omk 0 odjdns, \D gi 3<<w SK_ pmr odjdb i odnxds doöstnods
tdkcîk gi 3<<w, î su`nonijti.
Odpëtubm 34 ‟ GNOD_ @YJGDKIJWDN_ \DSD _IY D\SIJGNVDGM
Dhmrd, qui istdkms oaihdjgm fä dm `njdb gi jmssd dpmstnbd, istä jd amrd gi vmoæ
`nodr pmr gijtrm gds prnjonpdns gnods qui ti vïm ti duxnbndr ik tmgm siu
dprijgnzdgm i sirvnrä pdrd qui vmoæ tijad ukd cmd njtirdèïm omk m tiobdgm.
Nrin gnvngnr ik tÿpnoms, pdrd qui `nqui kdns `äonb gi vmoæ bir i njtirpritdr tugm
qui vdkms isorivir dqun. Bikcri-si qui jïm smkms m gmjm gd virgdgi, pmrîk
sihunjgm issds gnods vmoæ tirä kinm odknjam djgdgm. Bind omk cdstdjti
dtijèïm kiskm. Pmoæ pmgi dtî doadr qui î ukd omnsd snkpbis, kds jm ùjgm
jm ùjgm ombairä `rutms omk nssm jm ùturm.
* \rnjonpdns ibikijtms jd amrd gi tmodr6
Ms prnjonpdns sïm6
- _ir odpdz gi tmodr m kdtirndb isombangm

isomb angm omk `donbngdgi
- _ir odpdz gi tmodr m kdtirndb isombangm omk piroipèïm, njtirpritdèïm i
sijtnkijtm.
- _ir odpdz gi tmodr (qudjgm riqunsntdgm) gi kdjinrd d si njtihrdr omk mutrms
kösnoms, njstrukijtms i smjs jd kiskd pièd kusnodb.
MC_6 Î pmssëvib tmodr omk "sijtnkijtm" dm nr dprnkmrdjgm d tîojnod jioissärnd

pdrd tmodr ukd kösnod. Tudjgm vmoæ istnvir `dknbndrnzdgm omk d pdrtnturd i
pugir tmoä-bd `donbkijti, vmoæ pmgirä si omjoijtrdr ik tmoä-bd omk pirìnèïm i
ixprissnvngdgi.
Î pmssëvib dprijgir pdrtnturds qui gikdjgik ukd hrdjgi ixprissnvngdgi gi

sijtnkijtms i qui dm kiskm tikpm jïm riquirik tdjtd adcnbngdgi tîojnod.
D öjnod kdjinrd gi sir cmk tmodjgm omk mutrms, î tmodjgm omk mutrms.
Tudjgm `nzir nssm, dssihuri-si gi muvnr m qui ms mutrms istïm tmodjgm i ì
kösnod omkm uk tmgm. Jïm omjoijtri-si sÿ jd sud pdrti !
* M omkièm gi tugm
\drd tmodr cik uk njstrukijtm, î nkpmrtdjti omkièdr d dprijgir omk ukd

tîojnod omrritd. Nssm ijvmbvirä pmsturd, i, gi domrgm omk m njstrukijtm, dbhujs
ntijs omkm pmsnèïm gds kïms, rispnrdèïm, ourvdturd gm drom, ito.
\mr ixikpbm, si vmoæ quir tmodr tiobdgms, vmoæ givi tir omjaionkijtm gi omkm
pmsnonmjdr suds kïms i prissnmjdr ds tiobds5 si vmoæ quir tmodr huntdrrd vmoæ
givi sdcir omkm ms gigms givik sir pmsnonmjdgms jm crdèm i ds kdjinrds gi
prissnmjdr ds omrgds.
04
\mr nstm vmoæ givi tir uk cmk prmìssmr. _i vmoæ omkièdr gd kdjinrd omrritd,
jïm tirä qui omrrnhnr kdus aäcntms mu tmodr kdns ixdustnvdkijti gm qui m
jioissärnm. Dbîk gnssm, si vmoæ fä tnvir dprijgngm omrritdkijti uk njstrukijtm
kusnodb, vmoæ doadrä kdns `äonb dprijgir uk sihujgm, uk tiroinrm i, dssnk pmr
gndjti.
Tudjtm ì kibamr amrd pdrd omkièdr, gd orndjèd ì tiroinrd ngdgi, d kösnod

prmpmronmjdrä njökirds vdjtdhijs6 gm istëkubm ì njtibnhæjond, orndtnvngdgi i
ridbnzdèïm pissmdb jm odsm gi orndjèds, dtî m usm gd kösnod omkm tirdpnd jds
pissmds gd tiroinrd ngdgi.
* Omkprdjgm uk Wiobdgm
Î nkpmrtdjti omkprdr uk njstrukijtm gm jëvib i qudbngdgi gi domrgm omk suds
jioissngdgis. _i vmoæ î njnondjti, jïm givi hdstdr knbadris gi ridns ik uk
njstrukijtm "tmp gi bnjad", qui vmoæ dnjgd jïm sdci tmodr. D jïm sir qui vmoæ
tijad dcsmbutd oirtizd gi sihunr dgndjti omk m istugm.
\mr mutrm bdgm, vmoæ tdkcîk jïm givi isombair m kdns cdrdtm mu m gi pnmr
qudbngdgi. Nssm pmgi gnknjunr m siu prdzir gi tmodr.
Kuntds pissmds priìrik omkprdr uk njstrukijtm kdns cdrdtm prnkinrm. Ykd
viz dssihurdgm qui hmstdk gm njstrukijtm i pmgik omjsihunr tmodr cik m
su`nonijti pdrd si ciji`nondrik gi uk njstrukijtm kibamr, dgqunrik uk mutrm.
Domjsibam tiobdgms gd kdrod ^dkdad i Smbdjg. Issis, sik gövngd dbhukd, sïm
ms kibamris i kdns ötins pdrd siu dprijgnzdgm, vnstm qui, pmr pmssuërik
gnvirsms tnpms, aä d pmssncnbngdgi gi vmoæ ijomjtrdr uk qui `dèd fus ìs suds
odrdotirëstnods.
* Omkm prdtnodr6
\rnkinrm, vmoæ givi dprijgir d tmodr omk pirìnèïm, givdhdr. Ivnti tmodr
giprissd jds prnkinrds vizis.
Dprijgd ripitnjgm ds tîojnods i ixiroëonms jm njstrukijtm. \mr ixikpbm6 omkm

tmodr ukd isodbd, kmvir sudvikijti gi uk domrgi pdrd mutrm, ito.
Sipitnr d tîojnod, dukijtdjgm d vibmongdgi gi domrgm omk m qui vmoæ

omjsihunr, tmodjgm omrritdkijti. Dukijti bijtdkijti d vibmongdgi dtî qui
vmoæ `nqui omj`mrtävib omk d vibmongdgi riquirngd pibd kösnod.
Wrdcdbai d tîojnod omrritd ik odsd kösnod, tmodjgm odgd tiobd, ukd

sipdrdgdkijti i givdhdr.
Fujti ds jmtds, tmodjgm givdhdr i trinji ds pdrtis gi ujnïm ijtri ibds.
\rdtnqui tmgd d kösnod, gm njëonm dm `nk, qudjtds vizis `mrik jioissärnds.

Bikcri-si6 \donæjond ik prnkinrm buhdr !
* M qui jïm `dzir
03
- Jïm njsnstd ik tmodr ik uk njstrukijtm qui istifd ik käs omjgnèùis gi
ùjonmjdkijtm.
- Jïm quinrd sir prm`nssnmjdb gd jmnti pdrd m gnd. M istugm gd kösnod

gikdjgd `mrèd gi vmjtdgi i pdonæjond. Kuntd odbkd jissd amrd !
- Jïm gisnstd jd prnkinrd tijtdtnvd. Ìs vizis, dbhm qui pdrioi gn`ëonb, dpÿs
dbhukds amrds gi trinjm `nodk kdns `äoins gm qui pmgikms nkdhnjdr.
- Jïm ginxi gi trinji cdstdjti d kïm isquirgd (kïm gms domrgis) pdrd qui
vmoæ pmssd tmodr ukd kösnod sik prionsdr `nodr mbadjgm d tmgm kmkijtm
pdrd d isquirgd, qudjgm `nzir uk domrgi.
- Jïm quinrd sdnr tmodjgm ukd pdrtnturd sik djtis istugdr cik m qui
riprisijtd odgd sëkcmbm.
- Jïm quinrd sdcir ukd pdrtnturd gi ukd amrd prd mutrd. Wmqui kösnods d
pdrtnr gm kîtmgm qui istdkms ixpmjgm dqun, pmns dodcd sijgm, njobusnvi,
uk trinjdkijtm pdrd qui vmoæ dgqunrd dhnbngdgi jds kïms i gigms.
Odpëtubm 33 ‟ WDCIBD GM_ DOMSGI_ KDN_ Y_DGM_
Djtis gi vmoæ omkièdr d gdr sius prnkinrms tmquis jm Wiobdgm i ixioutdr sud
odjèïm `dvmrntd, nrikms ijukirdr dqun ukd bnstd gms domrgis kdns usdgms ik
jmssds kösnods qui vmoæ pmgirä vir jm odpëtubm ?<.
Pdbi bikcrdr qui issis sïm ms prnjonpdns domrgis usdgms ik dbhukds odjèùis,
pmrîk î cmk ginxdr obdrm qui jïm vdkms ombmodr dqun tmgms qui ixnstik dtî
pmrqui aä nj`njntms i jmssd dpmstnbd sirvi cdsnodkijti pdrd qui vmoæ pmssd
dprijgir smcri m njstrukijtm ik sn. Pir `nhurds gms domrgis iu riomkijgm qui
omkprd-si dbhuk bnvrm ispioë`nom pdrd issis `njs me= Bnvrm issi qui pmgi sir
doadgm ik qudbquir odsd gi njstrukijtms kusnodns.
Pdkms d ibis6
0?
07
- Domrgis Gÿ i girnvdgms
O Ok
O8 Ok8
09
O# mu Gc O#k mu Gck
- Domrgis Sî i girnvdgms
G Gk
G8 Gk8
G# mu Ic G#k mu Ick
- Domrgis Kn i girnvdgms
I Ik
I8 Ik8
00
- Domrgis @ä i girnvdgms
@ @k
@8 @k8
@# mu Hc @#k mu Hck
- Domrgis _mb i girnvdgms

H Hk
H8 Hk8
08
H# mu Dc H#k mu Dck
- Domrgis Bä i girnvdgms
D Dk
D8 Dk8
D# mu Cc D#k mu Cck
- Domrgis _n i girnvdgms
C Ck
C8 Ck8
01
Odpëtubm 3? ‟ BNHDJGM _IY WIOBDGM JM OMK\YWDGMS
\rmjtm ! Oaihdkms dm odpëtubm mjgi kuntms tæk ournmsngdgis. Dë vik ds

`dkmsds pirhujtds6 \mssm bnhdr kiu tiobdgm jm omkputdgmr= Wik omkm `dzir
nssm= Omkm= Dmjgi bnhm= Odbkd ! Pdkms gisorivir dqun pdssm d pdssm m
prmoignkijtm omrritm pdrd d bnhdèïm gm tiobdgm omk siu omkputdgmr. Ykd omnsd
î oirtd6 omk d dfugd gm omkputdgmr i gi uk sm`twdri dgiqudgm, issi
njstrukijtm pmgi dfugä-bm d omkpmr kösnods i drrdjfms, isorivir pdrtnturds i
hirdr drqunvms KNGN omk ds suds orndèùis.
Cmk, d omjixïm gm tiobdgm dm \O î cdstdjti snkpbis. \drd ixioutä-bd, vmoæ

prionsd tir uk knorm kubtnkëgnd omk pbdod gi smk _mujg Cbdstir mu
omkpdtëvib i tmgds ds omj`nhurdèùis KNGN ùjonmjdjgm jmrkdbkijti. M tiobdgm,
jdturdbkijti, givi trdzir ijtrdgd i sdëgd gi omkujnodèïm KNGN. Jistd
omjixïm, pmgirëdkms usdr, pmr ixikpbm, m kmgibm ^dkdad \_S-97<, uk
tiobdgm oufm prièm sntud-si ik tmrjm gi 3 knb ridns. Jm ijtdjtm, värnds mutrds
kdrods i kmgibms tdkcîk pmgirndk sir utnbnzdgms, sik kugdjèd gi
prmoignkijtms.
\drd bnhdr m tiobdgm dm knorm, usdkms uk odcm KNGN pdrd pbdod gi smk. Wrdtd-
si gi uk doissÿrnm qui pmgi sir dgqunrngm ik bmfds gi njstrukijtms kusnodns
ibitr÷jnoms, dm prièm dprmxnkdgm gi 8< ridns.
Jm bdgm qui givi sir bnhdgm dm tiobdgm, m odcm KNGN si cnùrod ik gmns
omjiotmris, kdrodgms omk ds njsornèùis KNGN Nj i KNGN Mut. Ms ijodnxis givik
sir trmodgms6 M pbuh Nj vdn pdrd d pmrtd Mut gm tiobdgm, i vnoi-virsd.
vnoi -virsd.
Jm knorm, dompbi d mutrd ixtrikngdgi gm omjiotmr ì ijtrdgd gi fmystnoe gd

pbdod gi smk. Mcsirvi qui smcrd dnjgd uk omjiotmr, fä qui d sihujgd
ixtrikngdgi gm odcm tdkcîk î cnpdrtngd. M pbuh dgnonmjdb pdssd d sir d
ijtrdgd gi fmystnoe, pdrd m odsm gi vmoæ kdjtir omjiotdgms, dm kiskm tikpm, m
omkdjgm gi fmhms i m tiobdgm kusnodb.
D njstdbdèïm istä omkpbitd. \drd mpirdr m tiobdgm omk m \O, î jioissärnm tir uk
sm`twdri qui rioicd d nj`mrkdèïm gnhntdb prmguzngd pibm tiobdgm i trdcdbai omk
ibd jm knorm. Aä kuntms prmhrdkds qui `dzik nssm. Pirsùis kdns rioijtis gd
pbdod _mujg Cbdstir trdzik uk gibis, m Odeiwdbe Ixpriss.
Mutrms sïm m Cdjg-nj-d-Cmx i m @njdbi. Wrdtd-si gi prmhrdkds omk mcfitnvms

gnìrijtis, kds tmgms hirdk pdrtnturds i hrdvdk siqòæjonds prmguzngds pibm
tiobdgm.
0>
Odpëtubm 37 ‟ 4< \ISHYJWD_ I SI_\M_WD_ _MCSI M WIOBDGM
Dhmrd oaihmu d amrd gds 4< pirhujtds kdns pigngds pibms dbujms. Cmk,
sibionmjin ds kdns smbnontdgds i pritijgm rispmjgir dqun omk tmgd obdrizd
pmssëvib. Bÿhnom qui jik tmgms vïm `nodr sdtnsìntms, kds jmssm mcfitnvm dqun î
ngijtn`nodr ds gövngds kdns oruîns !
Pdkms d ibds6
4) Tudns ds prnjonpdns gnìrijèds ijtri m \ndjm i m Wiobdgm =
Dpisdr gi sir uk njstrukijtm ngæjtnom dm pndjm, d tîojnod î tmtdbkijti

gnìrijti. Jm pndjm
pndjm trdcdbadkms
trdcdbadkms ms domrgis jd pmsnèïm ùjgdkijtdb
ùjgdkijtdb i jm
tiobdgm jds njvirsùis. Mutrd omnsd qui givi-si mcsirvdr î qui jm pndjm, m
tikpm î gntdgm pibd `nhurd kusnodb ik ùjèïm gm kitr÷jmkm, dm pdssm qui jm
tiobdgm tikms m domkpdjadkijtm dutmkätnom (`njhirig) qui gnrä m tikpm gd
ixiouèïm ik ùjèïm gd `nhurd kusnodb.
3) Omkm givm tmodr= Ik pî mu sijtdgm=
Iu pdrtnoubdrkijti pri`nrm tmodr ik pî, pmns tikms kdns omjtrmbi smcri m

njstrukijtm. Jmssds kïms `nodk kdns ähins i jmssm pmgir gi gisbmodèïm i vnsïm
î cik kibamr. Nssm jïm quir gnzir qui tmodr sijtdgm jïm î cmk. Dorigntm qui
gipijgi kuntm gd pissmd i gi mjgi ibd kibamr si dgdptdr.
?) Tudb prmoignkijtm givm dgmtdr pdrd hudrgdr ms domrgis jd odcièd=
Cmk, nssm riquir cdstdjti trinjdkijtm omk d kïm isquirgd. Djtis gi tmodr
ukd kösnod, si omjoijtri smkijti jd kïm isquirgd. Pä tmodjgm ms domrgis
fujtdkijti omk m rntkm i isquièd d kïm gnrintd pmr ijqudjtm, me= Omk uk
tikpm vmoæ jik vdn kdns prionsdr riomrrir d llombnjadll.
7) Jm tiobdgm ixnsti Mntdvd. M qui î nssm =

\drd rispmjgir d istd pirhujtd, omjoijtri-si jd `nhurd gm tiobdgm. Ibi omkièd
omk ukd jmtd @ä. Ijtïm si omjtdrkms @ä, _mb, Bä, _n, Gÿ, Sî, Kn, @ä, istdkms
ngijtn`nodjgm ukd mntdvd (jm odsm d prnkinrd), gistd `mrkd kignkms m tdkdjam
gm tiobdgm (jökirm gi mntdvds) qui jisti odsm pmssun træs mntdvds i kind.
8<
9) Tudjgm î qui omkièdkms d ixioutdr ds kibmgnds=
D pdrtnr gm Gÿ Oijtrdb î qui omkièdkms d ixioutdr ds kibmgnds (kïm gnrintd) i

dcdnxm gibi, ijomjtrd-si d mntdvd gi domkpdjadkijtm (kïm isquirgd).
0) M qui prionsd sir ìntm pdrd iu sir uk cmk tiobdgnstd=
\drd sir uk cmk tiobdgnstd vmoæ prionsd, donkd gi tugm, kuntd prätnod. Bind
odgd bnèïm gissd dpmstnbd,
dpmstnbd, gms bnvrms, qui pmr vijturd tnvir ik odsd, i prdtnqui
sikpri qui pugir! D prissd î njnknhd gd pirìnèïm. Jïm tijti sir dprissdgnjam,
pmns vmoæ pmgi omkpbnodr tugm i doadr m Wiobdgm, uk cnoam gi 8 odcièds. Ìs
vizis d omkpbnodèïm istä jd pissmd, i jïm jm njstrukijtm.
8) Ik qudjtm tikpm pmgi-si omjsngirdr qui ukd pissmd fä istä tmodjgm

cik Wiobdgm =
Issd î ukd pirhujtd uk pmuom gn`ëonb gi rispmjgir, pmns trdcdbadkms ik onkd

gi privnsùis. \ibd knjad ixpirnæjond, pmssm drrnsodr qui, si ukd pissmd
prdtnodr, gndrndkijti, pibm kijms gurdjti 3 amrds, pmgi-si sdnr tmodjgm
Wiobdgm gi `mrkd sdtns`dtÿrnd ik 3 d ? kisis. Kds nssm jïm î pdrd qudbquir uk
! Î jioissärnm vmoæ prdtnodr kuntm, kds kuntm kiskm. Odsm omjträrnm, vmoæ
isquioi ms domrgis, pirgi d dhnbngdgi gds kïms i gigms i sius istugms vïm pmr
ähud dcdnxm!
1) Tudns oungdgms qui givm tir omk kiu Wiobdgm =
Bikcri-si qui tugm qui vmoæ tik smc siu pmgir givi sir trdtdgm omk tmgm
odrnjam d `nk gi pirkdjioir kuntm tikpm omk ibi ik pirìntm istdgm. D gnod
qui gmu î qui gndrndkijti pdssi ukd `bdjibd (siod) jds Wiobds pdrd qui jïm ds
tmrji ikpminrdgds i bmhm ik sihungd uk pdjm (uk pmuom ökngm) jm omrpm gi
siu Wiobdgm, vnstm qui kuntds sufinrds si doukubdk dbn omk m tikpm. Ivnti
pdssdr prmgutms omkm bnkpd-kÿvins i njobusnvi äbommb, pmns ixnstik kdtirndns
(Wiobdgms)qui kdjoadk omk dbhukd gissds `ÿrkubds. Tudjgm tirknjdr gi
tmodr siu njstrukijtm, oucrd-m omk uk pbästnom mu ukd odpd prmtitmrd qui
pmgi sir dgqunrngd ik qudbquir bmfd gm rdkm.
>) Omjvîk usdr ms iìntms

iìntms gm Wiobdgm,
Wiobdgm, gurdjti ds kösnods qui iu vnir d
tmodr =
Ysi, kds sÿ qudjgm istnvir cdstdjti ijtrmsdgm omk siu njstrukijtm.
Domjsibam vmoæ jïm nr `dzijgm issds `nrubds pmr ijqudjtm i smkijti si
omjoijtrdr ik siu dprijgnzdgm pdrd qui vmoæ pmssd dgqunrnr kdns dhnbngdgi. Ms
iìntms gms Wiobdgms sïm cdstdjti njtirissdjti, pmrîk vmoæ tik qui sdcir d
amrd i m kmkijtm oirtm gi usä-bms. _i vmoæ usä-bms qudjgm dnjgd istnvir virgi,
84
pmgi si dtrdpdbadr tmgm i pdhdr llknomll jds dprisijtdèùis dm pöcbnom. Jïm
quinrd pdssdr pmr nssm!
4<) Dbhukd gnod d kdns pdrd iu pmgir ijomjtrdr uk ijtrmsdkijtm pirìntm
omk m Wiobdgm =
Obdrm ! Dprmvinti m siu muvngm pdrd trinjä-bm i nr tnrdjgm kösnods omk ibi. Wijti
nr tnrdjgm kösnods smkijti omk d kïm gnrintd. Isquièd d isquirgd, dtî pmrqui
ik jmssm snti fä ixnstik ds on`rds ! Nssm î uk ÿtnkm trinjdkijtm pdrd vmoæ
pmgir nkprmvnsdr ik onkd gi oirtds dprisijtdèùis dm vnvm. \mrtdjtm pihui ds
on`rds jm KPA\, dprmvinti-ds i tnri qudjtds kösnods qunsir jm Wiobdgm. Yk
njstrukijtm dfugd dm mutrm. Omk uk tikpm vmoæ vdn jmtdr qui jïm pmgi ginxdr
gi dprijgir Pnmbïm i jik Wiobdgm. Ibis sirïm ùjgdkijtdns pdrd siu
dprijgnzdgm kusnodb.
Odpëtubm 30 ‟ Y_DJGM _YD WÎOJNOD JM WIOBDGM
Dcmrgdrikms dqun uk omjfujtm gi gnods i tîojnods pdrd ukd cmd snjormjnd

omk siu tiobdgm. _i vmoæ usd d tîojnod omrritd, dutmkdtnodkijti vmoæ istä
iomjmknzdjgm värnms kmvnkijtms qui sïm gisjioissärnms, hdjadjgm dssnk ik
vibmongdgi, bnkpizd smjmrd, tirä ukd "pihdgd" kdns omrritd i mcvndkijti si
odjsdrä kijms.
M prmcbikd î qui d kdnmrnd gms kösnoms dutmgngdtds gisomjaioik d

prnkmrgndb jioissngdgi gi ukd tîojnod dpurdgd i kuntms si kitik d gdr dubd
sik oungdgms jissd ärid tmjdjgm-si ijtïm `dzigmris gi kösnoms giìntumsms.
Jïm sifd uk gibis. Djtis gi dssuknr dbhuk omkprmknssm, vifd si istä dptm
kiskm !
Yk dbujm qui jïm tik uk dbnoiroi gi tîojnod gikmrd kuntm kdns pdrd `dzir
prmizds ik siu njstrukijtm, ijqudjtm qui m dbujm primoupdgm ik gisijvmbvir
i kdjtir ukd tîojnod dpurdgd bmhm sirä uk vnrtumsm. \mr nssm î omkuk vir
dbhuîk qui `dz dubd aä uk djm tmodr kibamr gm qui mutrm qui `dz dubd aä gmns.
• TYDB D WÎOJNOD OMSSIWD =
Ms jmssms gigms sïm pmr jdturizd gispripdrdgms i sik d ommrgijdèïm kmtmrd

jioissärnd, pmr nssm sïm gismcignijtis dm omkdjgm gm oîricrm. \mr ixikpbm6
gitirknjdgm ixiroëonm pmgi pignr qui vmoæ kmvnkijti dpijds uk gigm
kdjtijgm ms gikdns `nxms ik mutrds pmsnèùis kds vmoæ jïm omjsihui `dzir omk
qui ibis mcigièdk dpisdr gi tir ijtijgngm omkm `dzæ-bm.
\drd omrrnhnr issd `dbad ixnstik ixiroëonms ispiondns qui sÿ tirïm vdbngdgi si
sihungms ì rnsod, sïm ms oadkdgms ixiroëonms gi gnhntdèïm. Jibis jïm nkpmrtd d
kibmgnd i snk ms kmvnkijtms, pmrtdjtm jïm sïm pdrd `dzir kösnod i snk pdrd
`dzir uk cmk kösnom.
Nkdhnji qui vmoæ sifd uk ikprisärnm qui istä prionsdjgm gi ukd sioritärnd i
dpdrièdk guds odjgngdtds dm odrhm6 ukd sdci gdtnbmhrd`dr omk gistrizd,
83
usdjgm tmgms ms gigms i ukd snjormjnd pirìntd. Fä d mutrd, gispripdrdgd, sÿ
sdci cdtir ì käqunjd omk gmns gigms, `nod prmourdjgm d bitrd jm tiobdgm i
gikmrd ukd itirjngdgi pdrd dodcdr omk m tixtm, pmns cik, qudb gds guds vmoæ
ikprihdrnd=
Ds guds sdcik isorivir, kds m qui ìz d gnìrijèd= D tîojnod! Dssnk tdkcîk î
omk ms kösnoms. \drd tir ukd tîojnod omrritd î jioissärnm
• GN_ON\BNJD6
Kdns vdbi kind amrd dm gnd prdtnodjgm gm qui sÿ pihdr jm njstrukijtm jm

gmknjhm i pdssdr m gnd njtinrm. M këjnkm ngidb sirnd gi guds amrds pmr gnd qui
pmgik sir gnvngngms pibm giomrrir gm kiskm. Pmoæ givirä istdr ribdxdgm, dtijtm
dpijds pdrd m siu istugm, bnvri gi njtirrupèùis, jukd pmsturd omrritd i
omj`mrtävib.
\iroicd si vmoæ tmod ijourvdjgm-si smcri m njstrukijtm, oungdgm omk sud

ombujd! _ifd orëtnom i ixnhijti omk vmoæ kiskm, sÿ kugi pdrd m prÿxnkm
ixiroëonm dpÿs gmknjdr m djtirnmr i pristi dtijèïm jms gitdbais i jds kdjnds
irrdgds qui givik sir tnrdgds.
Ginxi gi bdgm tmgd prihunèd, `dèd gissds amrds ukd mcrnhdèïm, dprijgd d sijtnr
`dbtd gi prdtnodr. @dèd ms ixiroëonms ixdtdkijti omkm î pigngm, jïm gæ
"fintnjams" pdrd `donbntä-bms, smkijti d prätnod omjstdjti nrä `donbntdr d tmrjdr
kijms odjsdtnvm qudbquir ixiroëonm.
• KIWS×JMKM6
Issi givi sir siu omkpdjainrm njsipdrävib! M kitr÷jmkm, dbîk gi kignr siu
gisikpijam vdn bai kdjtir gijtrm gm djgdkijtm omrritm. Omk m kitr÷jmkm
vmoæ dgqunrnrä omj`ndjèd i sihurdjèd i nrä omjaioir sius bnkntis gi vibmongdgi
pdrd ijtïm supirä-bms. Kds jïm si d`mci! Dprijgd d tmodr bijtdkijti,
"pndjëssnkm", sijtnjgm odgd jmtd, d vncrdèïm, d gurdèïm, ds pdusds, ito. Tuik
prdtnod omk kitr÷jmkm vdn bmjhi...
• DTYIONKIJWM6
Omkm qudbquir mutrd dtnvngdgi `ësnod d prätnod jm njstrukijtm givi sir

prioigngd gi ukd dquionkijtm. _dnr fä tmodjgm d`mcdgdkijti, omk d kïm "`rnd"
sÿ `drä kdb pdrd ms sius tijgùis i pmgirä trdzir prmcbikds dgndjti.
8?
Odpëtubm 38 ‟ KÎWMGM SÄ\NGM I @ÄONB \DSD _DNS WMODJGM
Odbkd pissmdb ! Ds kösnods on`rdgds fä istïm oaihdjgm, pmrîk vmoæ sÿ nrä tmoä-
bds si bir isti odpëtubm omk cdstdjti dtijèïm. _i vmoæ jïm ijtijgi jdgd gi
pdrtnturds, sëkcmbms, `nhurds, vdbmris i pmr dë vdn, si cdsini jissd bnèïm pdrd
tmodr suds odjèùis priìrngds d ourtm prdzm. (Bmhnodkijti jujod ginxdjgm gi
pirgir m tisïm pibds pdrtnturds me= Jïm ginxi gi dprijgæ-bds, sijïm vmoæ
jujod sirä uk kösnom gi virgdgi!)
Cmk, ijtïm vdkms bä. Jissi kîtmgm nrikms jms cdsidr jds jmtds kusnodns (Gm
Sî Kn @ä _mb Bä _n ) jissis kiskms `mrkdtms. Ixdtdkijti omkm vmoæ pmgi vir
jd `nhurd dcdnxm6
D pdrtnr gdë, sirä jioissärnm vmoæ kikmrnzdr odgd tiobd pdrd qui jm kmkijtm
gi sir ìntm m domrgi omk m domkpdjadkijtm
domkpdjadkijtm ds omnsds `nquik `donbntdgds.
Odsm vmoæ quinrd, vmoæ pmgi orndr dtrdvîs gm omkputdgmr issds jmtds kusnodns
i gipmns nkprnkn-bds i riomrtdr ukd d ukd i bmhm ik sihungd, djixdr ìs Wiobds
gm siu njstrukijtm. (Nssm si vmoæ jïm omjsihunu kikmrnzdr gi prnkinrd, me =)
D istruturd gissi kîtmgm vdn si cdsidr jissi ixikpbm dcdnxm gi uk trioam gd

prnkinrd pdrti gd kösnod îstirgdy, gms Cidtbis qui vmoæ pmgirä tmoä-bd jd
ëjtihrd jm prÿxnkm odpëtubm
Pifd6
@ D8 Gk O8
_mb @d @d | Ik Bd _n | Gm# Si Kn @d | Kn Si Si| Cc Si Si | Gm Bd# Bd _mb |
@ O Gk H8 Cc @
Bd# Bd Bd | _mb @d | Bd | _mb Si | @d | Bd Bd ||
Wijti tmodr dhmrd jm siu Wiobdgm prd vir si vmoæ ijtijgiu gnrintnjam, pmns
tmgds ds kösnods qui vik jm odpëtubm sihunjti sirïm gissd kdjinrd. Issi î uk
kîtmgm räpngm, `äonb i gnjãknom, qui `dz omk qui tmgds ds pissmds gi vdrndgds
ngdgis sdndk tmodjgm siu njstrukijtm d tmgm vdpmr.
Kds î bÿhnom qui givikms `rnsdr qui vmoæ jïm pmgi si hundr pdrd m ristm gd vngd
jissi kîtmgm. Omjvîk vmoæ si dprmùjgdr kdns, d `nk gi gmknjdr tmgds ds
87
tîojnods. \mrîk, si vmoæ tik uk cmk muvngm, sdci usdr m tikpm oirtm ik odgd
odjèïm i tik ukd cmd snjormjnd omk ds kïms, vmoæ pmgi tnrdr cdstdjti prmvintm
gissi kîtmgm i tmodr omkm jnjhuîk !
Isti kîtmgm î kuntm njtirissdjti, pmns dfugd vmoæ d gisijvmbvir smznjam d

dptngïm gm tikpm i gd pdusd. Î uk ixiroëonm ÿtnkm. Jd virgdgi ds on`rds
ombmodgds dqun jïm sirvik sÿ pdrd gnvirsïm i snk pdrd trinjdkijtm gissds
ùjèùis. Issi qui î m virgdginrm trinjdkijtm gi muvngm i gi njtrmguèïm ì
pdrtnturd. Gissd kdjinrd î qui `mrdk ombmodgds kösnods omjaiongds i `äoins.
Omk uk tikpm vmoæ si dpirìnèmdrä omkm jnjhuîk!
MC_6 Ds on`rds dcdnxm gnspmjncnbnzdgds sirvik tdkcîk omkm uk ixiroëonm pdrd

qui vmoæs pmssdk `dzir d kdrodèïm gm tikpm, pdusd i m pmsnonmjdkijtm gds
jmtds kusnodns qui `dzik pdrti gd kösnod. Gipmns gi nkprissds , `dèd issi
pmsnonmjdkijtm isorivijgm dm bdgm gi odgd jmtd, odsm jioissnti, ukd sitd prd
cdnxm i prd onkd pdrd gikmjstrdr qudb tiobd omrrispmjgijti vmoæ prionsd tmodr.
--------------------------------------------------------------- // ---------------------------------------------------------------
Pifd jd prÿxnkd pähnjd ukd sibièïm gi ?< kösnods on`rdgds.

_ïm ds odjèùis kdns njtirissdjtis pdrd si tmodr jm Wiobdgm i
`mrdk isombangds d gigm tdkcîk pibm hrdu gi nkpmrtãjond
nkpmrtãjond jm
oijärnm kusnodb jdonmjdb i njtirjdonmjdb.
Fä tikms ì vijgd jm snti, kdns mutrds ?4 kösnods on`rdgds pdrd
tiobdgm, sijgm dbhukds dtudns i mutrds qui kdrodrdk îpmod i
istïm prisijtis dtî ms gnds gi amfi !
Dprmvinti i prdtnqui cdstdjti !
KÖ_NOD_ ON@SDGD_ \DSD WIOBDGM
89
KÖ_NOD 46 WAIKI @SMK G^NJH ^MYJH
DSWN_WD6 EIJJ^ H
HÆJISM6 NJ_WSYKIJWDB
WMK6 Cc
Cc @8 Cc @8
NJWSMGYÈÏM6 Bd# @d | Gm Bd# Bd _mb @d | Bd# @d | @d Gm @d |
\DSWI 4
Cc @8 Cc Hk G8
Bd# @d @d | @d Gm @d @d | Bd _mb @d | Si# Si Si# @d | _mb Si Si | _mb Bd Si Si
Ic @8
| Bd# Bd _mb @d | Si# Si Gm ||
\DSWI 3
Cc @8 Cc Hk G8
Bd# @d @d | @d Gm @d @d | Bd Bd# Gm Bd @d | _mb Si Si | _mb Bd Si Si |
Ic @8 Cc Ic @8
Bd# Bd _mb @d | Si Si# @d | Si# Si Gm | @d @d | Si Si# @d | Si# Si Gm |
Hk Ic @8 Cc
Bd# Gm Si | Bd# Gm Si | Gm Si Si# | Si Gm Bd# Gm | _mb Si @d | _mb Si @d |
Ic @8 Cc Hk Ic @8 Cc
Si Si# @d | Si# Si Gm | Bd# Gm Si | _mb @d | Si Gm Bd# | Gm Si Gm | Bd# Bd Bd# |
@8
_mb _mb @d ||
\DSWI ?
Cc @8 Cc Hk
Bd# @d @d | @d Gm @d @d | Bd Bd# Bd | _mb Si @d | Si Si# @d Si Bd# | _mb Si Si |
G8 Ic @8 Cc Ic
| Si _mb Bd | Si Si Bd# Bd _mb @d | _mb Bd# Gm | Si Si# @d | Si Si# @d | Si Si# @d |
@8 Hk Ic @8 Cc
| Si# Si Gm | Bd# Gm Si | Bd# Gm Si | Gm Si Si# | Si Gm Bd# Gm | _mb Si @d |
Ic @8 Hk Ic @8
| _mb Si @d | Si Si# @d | Si# Si Gm | Bd# Gm Si | _mb @d | Si Gm Bd# | Gm Si Gm ||
80
\DSWI 7
Ic Cc Ic Cc
Si @d Si _mb | Bd Bd# | _mb _mb Si @d | Si @d Si _mb | Bd Bd# Gm | Bd# _mb @d | Si @d |
O# Dc @8
| Bd# Gm# Si# @d | _mb _mb# Bd# | _mb# Bd# _mb# | Si# Gm# Si# Gm | Si Gm @d |
| Gm Si Gm Bd# ||
KÖ_NOD 36 BMPI N_ CBYI

DSWN_WD6 \DYB KDYSNDW
WMK6 IK
\DSWI 4
Ik D8 G H Ik O G H Ik D8 G
_n | Bd _mb | @d# Kn | Si | Kn _mb @d# | _mb Kn | Si Kn Si | _n | _n | Bd _mb | @d# Kn |
H Ik O C8 Ik
| Si | Kn _mb @d# | _mb Kn | Si# Gm# Si# | Kn ||
\DSWI 3
I @#k I D I H#k D C8 I
_mb# Bd | _n | _mb# Kn | Kn Gm# | _n | _mb# _n | @d# _mb# Bd | Bd Si# | Kn ||
OMKM WMODS WIOBDGM attp6//obnohrdtns.cbmhspmt.omk/ 88

KÖ_NOD ?6 ODJlW WDEI K^ IÎ_ MYW M@ ^MY
DSWN_WD6 @SDJE PDBBN
HÆJISM6 @BD_A CDOE
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O O8+ O8
_mb _mb _mb | Bd _mb Kn _mb | _mb _mb _mb | Bd _mb Kn _mb | _mb _mb _mb | Bd _mb Kn _mb |
@ @k O
| _mb _mb _mb | _mb @d Kn @d | @d @d @d | _mb @d Kn @d | @d @d @d | @d Kn Si# Kn | D8
G8 O
| Kn Kn Kn | Kn Si Gm# Si | @k | Si Si Si | Si Gm _n Gm | H8
O O8+ O8
_mb _mb _mb | Bd _mb Kn _mb | _mb _mb _mb | Bd _mb Kn _mb | _mb _mb _mb | Bd _mb Kn _mb |
@ @k O
| _mb _mb _mb | _mb @d Kn @d | @d @d @d | _mb @d Kn @d | @d @d @d | @d Kn Si# Kn | D8
G8 O
| Kn Kn Kn | Kn Si Gm# Si | @k | Si Si Si | Si Gm _n Gm |
\DSWI 3
Gk H8 O Gk
_mb# Bd | _mb# Bd | _mb# Bd Gm _n Bd | _mb# Bd | _mb# Bd | _m# Bd Gm _n Bd | _mb# Bd
H8 O D8
| _mb# Bd | _m# Bd Gm _n Bd | _mb# Bd | _mb# Bd | Kn | Kn Kn Kn ||
\DSWI ?
Gk H8 Ik Dk Gk
Kn Bd _n Gm Si | Kn Kn Si Gm _n Gm | Si _mb Bd _n Gm | Si Si Gm _n Bd _n | Gm @d |
Gk H8 Ik Dk
D8 Kn Kn Kn | Kn Bd _n Gm Si | Kn Kn Si Gm _n Gm | Si _mb Bd _n Gm | Si Si Gm _n
Gk Cc
Bd _n | Gm Si Bd _n Gm Bd | Gm Si ||
MC_6 O8+ ; _n _mb Kn Gm
81
KÖ_NOD 76 JÏM TYISM GNJAINSM
DSWN_WD6 WNK KDND
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 D
\DSWI 4
@#k @#k I8
D Kn Kn | Kn Gm# Kn | _n Bd Bd | D Kn Kn | Kn Gm# Kn | _n Bd
Bd Bd | @d# Bd | Bd Bd |
D
| Gm _n Bd _n | Bd ||
@#k @#k I8
D Kn Kn | Kn Gm# Kn | _n Bd Bd | D Kn Kn | Kn Gm# Kn | _n Bd
Bd Bd | @d# Bd | Bd Bd |
Gk I8
| @d# Bd | Bd Bd | @d# Bd Bd _n Bd | Kn ||
\DSWI 3
G I O#k
D8 Bd Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd Bd Bd _n |
@#k Ck I8 D
| Bd @d# | Bd Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd _n Bd |
| @d# Bd _n Bd || D8
G I O#k
Bd Bd Bd _n | Bd @d# | Bd Bd Bd _n | Gm# _n | Bd @d# Bd _n | Gm# _n | Bd @d# Bd _n |
@#k Ck I D
| Gm# _n | Bd @d# Bd _n | Gm# _n Bd @d# Bd _n | Gm# _n | Bd @d# Bd _n | Bd || I8
\DSWI ?
@#k @#k
D Kn Kn Gm# Kn Gm# | _n Bd Bd _n Bd | D Kn Kn Gm# Kn Gm | _n Bd Bd _n Bd |
I8 D
| @d# @d# Bd | Bd Bd | Gm _n Bd _n | Bd || I8
@#k @#k
D Kn Kn Gm# Kn Gm# | _n Bd Bd _n Bd | D Kn Kn Gm# Kn Gm | _n Bd Bd _n Bd |
Gk I8
@d# @d# Bd | Bd Bd | @d# Bd Bd | _n Bd | Kn ||
8>
KÖ_NOD 96 CIJ
DSWN_WD6 FDOE_MJl_ @NPI
HÆJISM6 NJWISJDONMJDB
WMK6 @
\DSWI 4
@ O @ O @8+
Gm | Si Gm _n Gm Si | Gm _mb _mb | Gm Si Gm _n Gm Si | Gm Bd# Bd# | Bd Bd# Bd
Ik D8 Ic8 G8 O#8 O8
_mb# Bd Bd# | Bd bd# | Bd _mb# Bd Bd# | Bd Bd# | Bd _mb# Bd Bd#
Bd# | _mb Bd | _mb @d#
@
_mb _mb Bd | Bd _mb @d ||
\DSWI 3
@k O @k O @
Gm | Gm# Gm _n Gm Gm# | Gm _mb
_mb _mb | Gm Gm# Gm _n Gm Gm# | Gm Bd# Bd# | Bd
Bd Bd#
Ik D8 G8 O#8 O8
Bd _mb# Bd Bd# | Bd | Bd# | Bd _mb# Bd Bd# | Bd Bd# Bd _mb# Bd Bd# | _mb Bd | _mb @d#
@
_mb @d# _mb Bd | Bd _mb @d ||
\DSWI ?
Hk @ Hk @
@d | _mb Gm Gm | O8 Kn Bd Bd | Si _mb _mb | O8 Gm @d @d || } 3Q
MC_6 @8+ ; Kn Gm Bd @d
1<
KÖ_NOD 06 IKMÈÙI_
DSWN_WD6 SMCISWM ODSBM_
HÆJISM6 K\C/FMPIK HYDSGD
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O Ik H8
Si# | Kn Si# Kn Si# Kn Si# | Si Gm Si Gm | Si Bd Gm Bd Gm# Gm | _n Gm# |
Gk H8 O
| Si Gm# Si Gm# Gm | Bd Gm Bd _n _mb | _n _mb | _n Bd | Kn _mb Kn _mb Kn _mb Kn |
Ik Icm Gk Gk
| _mb Bd _n _mb _n _mb _n Bd# | Bd Gm# Gm _n | H8 Si @d Si @d Si @d Si | @d Bd @d Bd
H8 O
@d Bd _n | _n Si _n _mb |
\DSWI 3
O Ik Icm Gk Gk
| Si# Kn Si# Kn Si# Kn | Si# Si Gm Si Gm Si Bd | Gm Bd | H8 Gm# | Si Gm# Si Gm#
H8 O8 @ Cc8
Gm | Bd Gm Bd _n _mb _n Kn | Kn Kn | Bd# Bd _mb | Gm Kn Si Kn Si | Gm Si Kn Si Kn
O Cc8 D8 G8 H8
Si _mb | @d Kn @d | Kn Si# Kn | @d Kn @d Kn | Bd _n Gm Bd Gm Bd Gm | Gm Si Kn Si#
O
Kn Si# Kn Kn Kn | Kn Gm ||
MC_6 Icm ; Gm Bd @d# Si#
14
KÖ_NOD 86 DTYDSIBD CSD_NBINSD
DSWN_WD6 DS^ CDSSM_M
HÆJISM6 CM__D JMPD
WMK6 G
\DSWI 4
G G
Bd _n | G ? x | Bd _n Gm# _n Bd _n | G ? x | Bd _n Gm# _n Bd _n | G ? x | Bd _n | Gm# Si
C8
Kn @d# | _mb @d# ||
\DSWI 3
D8 Ik D8 Ik D8
Ik Bd @d# Bd | @d# Kn Gm# | _n | Bd @d# Bd | @d# Kn Gm# | _n | Bd @d# Bd | @d# Kn
Ik D8 G Ik G Ik G
Gm# | _n | Bd @d# Bd | @d# Kn Si | @d# Gm# _n | Gm# @d# | Gm# _n Gm# @d# | @d# @d Kn
\DSWI ?
@#k @#k C8 @#k C8
Bd | C8 | Bd Bd _mb# | _mb @d# @d @d# | Bd Bd | C8 | @#k Bd Bd _mb# | _mb @d# @d @d#
@#k C8 Ik
| Bd Bd | C8 | @#k Bd Bd _mb# | _mb @d# Kn @d# | _mb |
@#k @#k C8 @#k C8

Bd | C8 | Bd Bd _mb# | _mb @d# @d @d# | Bd Bd | C8 | @#k Bd Bd _mb# | _mb @d# @d @d#
@#k C8 Ik
| Bd Bd | C8 | @#k Bd Bd _mb# | _mb @d# Kn @d# | _mb |
\DSWI 7
H Hk @#k @#k I8
| _mb _mb | _mb _mb @d# | @d# Kn Si Gm# | Kn Kn | G Si Kn @d# Bd @d# Si | Si Si Ik
D8 G Ik G Ik G
Kn Kn Kn | Kn Kn Si | @d# @d# | Gm# _n | Gm# @d# | Gm# _n | Gm# | @d# ||
13
KÖ_NOD 16 K^ DXD^
DSWN_WD6 @SDJE _NJDWSD
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O Ik Hk D8 Gk
_mb Kn | _mb Kn Si | Kn _mb Kn Si | Kn Si Kn Si | Si Gm# Bd | @d Bd @d Kn | @d Bd
H8 O O8 @ @k
@d Kn | @d _mb Si S@ | @d Kn @d# _mb | @d# _mb Bd | _mb Bd Kn _mb | @d @d @d Kn | _mb
O H8 @ O
@d @d | Kn _mb @d Kn | Si _n Gm Si | Si | Gm ||
O Ik Hk D8 Gk
_mb Kn | _mb Kn Si | Kn _mb Kn Si | Kn Si Kn Si | Si Gm# Bd | @d Bd @d Kn | @d Bd
H8 O O8 @ @k
@d Kn | @d _mb Si Si | @d Kn @d# _mb | @d# _mb Bd | _mb Bd Kn _mb | @d @d @d Kn | _mb
O H8 @ O
@d @d | Kn _mb @d Kn | Si _n Gm Si | Si | Gm ||
\DSWI 3
O8 @ Gk
Kn @d _mb _mb | Bd _mb @d# | _mb @d# _mb Bd | Bd _mb _mb Bd | _mb Bd Bd _n | Gm Gm Bd
H8 O Ik Hk D8
Gm | Bd _n _n _n Gm Si Si | Gm _mb Kn _mb Kn Si | Kn _mb Kn Si | Kn Si Kn Si | Si
O H8 O
Gm# Bd | @d Bd @d Kn | @d bd @d Kn | @d _mb Si | @d Kn @d# _mb | @d# _mb Bd _mb | Bd
@ @k O H8 @ O
Kn _mb | @d @d Kn _mb @d @d Kn | _mb @d Kn Si _n Gm Si Si Gm Kn Kn @d _mb | _mb Bd
O8 @ Gk H8 Ik
_mb @d# _mb | @d# _mb Bd Bd | _mb Bd _mb Bd | Bd _n Gm | Gm Bd Gm Bd | _n _n Gm | Si Si
Dk Gk H8 @ O
Kn _n | Si Gm Bd | _n Gm Gm Bd | Gm Bd _n _n | Gm Si Si Gm ||
1?
KÖ_NOD >6 CIK TYI _I TYN_
DSWN_WD6 KDSN_D KMJWI
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 @
\DSWI 4
@ Cc @ Cc
Gm @d _mb | Bd Gm Bd Gm | Bd# Bd _mb @d Si# | Gm Gm Bd Gm | Bd# Bd _mb @d Bd _mb |
Gk Ok @8 Cc Dk G8 Hk
| @d Bd @d Bd | _mb @d Si# Si | Gm _mb | _mb @d Si Kn @d | @d Kn Si | Gm Bd
Bd Gm | Bd#
@ Cc @ Cc
Gm @d _mb | Bd Gm Bd Gm | Bd# Bd _mb @d Si# | Gm Gm Bd Gm | Bd# Bd _mb @d Bd _mb |
Gk Ok @8 Cc Dk G8 Hk
| @d Bd @d Bd | _mb @d Si# Si | Gm _mb | _mb @d Si Kn @d | @d Kn Si | Gm Bd
Bd Gm | Bd#
\DSWI 3
@ Ok @8 Cc Dk Hk
Gm Si Gm | Bd Gm Gm Kn | @d Si @d | _mb @d _mb @d | Bd | _mb _mb _mb _mb @d | @d @d @d
@# @ Ok @8 Cc
| @d Gm Gm Gm Si Gm | Bd Gm Gm Kn | @d Gm Gm Gm | Bd @d @d _mb @d | Bd _mb _mb @d
Dk Hk @# @
| @d Kn | @d @d @d | @d @d @d | @d ||
17
KÖ_NOD 4<6 WYGM TYI _I TYIS
DSWN_WD6 PIS×JNOD _DCNJM & IKËBNM _DJWNDHM
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O O8+ Gk Cc
Si Gm Si Kn | _mb _mb | Kn Si Gm Si Kn | _mb Bd Kn _mb @d Kn | _mb Si Kn | @d _mb
H8
@d Kn | _mb Si ||
O O8+ Gk Cc
Si Gm Si Kn | _mb _mb | Kn Si Gm Si Kn | _mb Bd Kn _mb @d Kn | _mb Si Kn | @d _mb
H8
@d Kn | _mb Si ||
\DSWI 3
O Dk Gk H8 O Dk Gk
_ n Bd _mb | Gm Kn | _mb Kn _mb | H8
Si Si | Si Gm Kn _mb | Bd Bd | Bd _n | Gm _n
O Dk Gk H8 O @
Si Si | Si Gm | Kn _mb | Bd Bd | Bd _n | Gm _n Bd _mb | Gm Kn _mb Kn | _mb | H8
O
Si Kn _mb Kn Si | Gm ||
19
KÖ_NOD 446 WXN_W DJG _AMYW
DSWN_WD6 WAI CIDWBI_
WMK6 G
NJWSMGYÈÏM
G H D G H D
Bd _n Gm# | Si Si _mb _mb | Bd | Bd Bd Bd Bd Bd _n Gm# | Si Si | _mb _mb | Bd ||
\DSWI 4
G H D G H D
_mb _mb _mb _mb | Bd @d# Si | Si Si Si | Kn Kn | _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si | Kn | _mb _mb
G H D G H D
_mb _mb | Bd @d# Si | Si Si | Kn Kn | _mb _mb _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si Si | Kn |
G H D G H D
| _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si Si | Kn | _mb _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si | Kn | _mb _mb
G H D G H D
_mb _mb _mb | @d# | Kn Si | Si Si | Kn | @d @d @d @d Kn Si | Si Bd Bd | Si Si | Kn |
G H D G H D
_mb _mb _mb _mb | Bd @d# Si | Si Si Si | Kn Kn | _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si | Kn | _mb _mb
G H D G H D
_mb _mb | Bd @d# Si | Si Si | Kn Kn | _mb _mb _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si Si | Kn |
G H D G H D
| _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si Si | Kn | _mb _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# | Si Si | Kn | _mb _mb
G H D G H D
_mb _mb _mb | @d# | Kn Si | Si Si | Kn | @d @d @d @d Kn Si | Si Bd Bd | Si Si | Kn |
_MBM
G H D H
Si | Si | _n Si | Gm# | Kn _mb | @d# (? Q)
D8
Bd Gm# Kn _mb Bd
* Sipitnr \drti 4, kdns ukd viz
10
KÖ_NOD 436 SMKDSND
DSWN_WD6 SIJDWM WINQINSD
HÆJISM6 _ISWDJIFM
WMK6 @
\DSWI 4
@ Gk @ Gk @
@d _mb | Bd _mb @d | @d Si | @d _mb | Bd _mb @d | @d Si | @d _mb | Bd Si Gm Bd _mb @d |
Gk Ik Gk Hm @ Hk
@d Si @d Si @d Si | _mb Bd | D Si Kn | @d Kn Si | _mb @d _mb | Bd _mb @d | _mb @d Kn |
Gk D8 Gk
| @d Kn Si | Kn Si Gm# | Si ||
\DSWI 3
Hk O8 @ D Gk
G8 _mb Bd | Bd# Bd# Bd _mb _mb @d | Kn Gm | Si Gm Bd# | Bd Bd# Bd _mb | @d Si | _mb
Hk O8 @
Bd | Bd# Bd# Bd _mb _mb Kn | Kn Kn Kn Kn @d _mb | Bd Bd ||
Hk O8 @ D Gk
G8 _mb Bd | Bd# Bd# Bd _mb _mb @d | Kn Gm | Si Gm Bd# | Bd Bd# Bd _mb | @d Si | _mb
Hk O8 @
Bd | Bd# Bd# Bd _mb _mb Kn | Kn Kn Kn Kn @d _mb @d @d
18
KÖ_NOD 4?6 ÖBWNKM SMKÃJWNOM
DSWN_WD6 BYBY _DJWM_
HÆJISM6 \M\/SMOE
WMK6 I
\DSWI 4
I H#8 O#k I
_n _n | _mb# _mb# _mb# _mb# | @d# @d# @d# _mb# | @d# Kn Gm# | H#k _n | _mb# _mb# _mb#
H#8 O#k Ck @#k

_mb# | @d# _mb# Bd _n | _mb# | Kn | I8 Gm# | Bd Bd Bd Bd | _mb# _mb# | _mb# Bd _mb# @d#
G
Gm# | Bd @d# @d# | Gm# Bd Bd Bd Bd | Bd Bd Bd Bd | Bd Bd _mb# @d# | H#8 _mb# @d# |
I
_mb# | Kn || Dk I
I H#8 O#k I
_n _n | _mb# _mb# _mb# _mb# | @d# @d# @d# _mb# | @d# Kn Gm# | H#k _n | _mb# _mb# _mb#
H#8 O#k Ck @#k

_mb# | @d# _mb# Bd _n | _mb# | Kn | I8 Gm# | Bd Bd Bd Bd | _mb# _mb# | _mb# Bd _mb# @d#
G
Gm# | Bd @d# @d# | Gm# Bd Bd Bd Bd | Bd Bd Bd Bd | Bd Bd _mb# @d# | H#8 _mb# @d# |
I
_mb# | Kn || Dk I
\DSWI 3
O#k @#8
@d# | Kn Kn @d# _mb# Kn | Kn Kn Gm# Si# Kn Si# | Gm# _mb# | @#k Gm# Gm# Si#
H#k H#8 @#k C8

Gm# _mb# @d# | Gm# Si# Gm# | Bd Bd Bd Bd _n | _mb# @d#
@d# _mb# @d# | Bd _mb# | @d# Kn
I H# D H#8 O#k
@d# Kn | _mb# @d# Kn | @#k Gm# Si# | Gm# _mb# @d# @d# | _mb# @d# Kn Kn | Kn @d @d
C8 H#8 D
| O#8 @d# _mb# | @#k Bd _mb# | @d# @d# Kn | _mb# @d# | Kn @d#
11
KÖ_NOD 476 JÏM MBAI D__NK
DSWN_WD6 BIDJGSM & BIMJDSGM
HÆJISM6 _ISWDJIFM
WMK6 H
\DSWI 4
H Ck O G8 H Ck
_n _n _n | _n Gm Si | Kn Si | Kn Kn Kn Kn | Kn @d# _mb | Bd | _n _n _n | _n Gm Si | Kn
G8
Si | Kn Kn Kn Kn | Kn Kn @d# _mb | Bd ||
\DSWI 3
Ik Ck O H
_mb _mb _mb _mb | _n _n | @d# @d# @d# @d# | _n | Kn Kn Kn Kn _mb _mb | _n | C8 | _n
Ik Ck O G8
_mb _mb _mb _mb | _n _n | @d# @d# @d# @d# | _n | Kn Kn Kn Kn | Kn @d# _mb | Bd ||
\DSWI ?
H Ck H
Si _mb @d# | _mb _n | Ik _mb Bd _n | _n Bd _mb @d# | O Kn @d# _mb | Si Si Si Si | Si
G8 H
Kn @d# | Gm Gm Gm Gm _n Bd | _n || G8
H Ck H
Si _mb @d# | _mb _n | Ik _mb Bd _n | _n Bd _mb @d# | O Kn @d# _mb | Si Si Si Si | Si
G8 H
Kn @d# | Gm Gm Gm Gm _n Bd | _mb ||
1>
KÖ_NOD 496 _DNHMJ
DSWN_WD6 IKËBNM _DJWNDHM
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 H
\DSWI 4
H H0 Ck I8
_n Gm Si | Gm _n | H9+ _n Gm Si | Gm _n | H9+ _n Gm Si _n | Si _n _mb @d | Kn Si Si Gm
Dk G8 H
| Si Gm Gm Gm | Gm Kn Kn | Si Si Gm Gm | _n || G8
H H0 Ck I8
_n Gm Si | Gm _n | H9+ _n Gm Si | Gm _n | H9+ _n Gm Si _n | Si _n _mb @d | Kn Si Si Gm
Dk G8 C8
| Si Gm Gm Gm | Gm Kn Kn | Si Si Gm Gm | _n || H8
\DSWI 3
Ok @8 Cc Ic G8 Dk
Si | Si# Si# _mb _mb | @d Si# Si# Si | @d | Si | Si Si# Si Gm Bd# | Gm | Gm Gm Gm |
G8 H Ok @8 Cc Ic Dk
Gm _n | Si | H8 Si | Si# Si# _mb _mb | @d Si# Si# Si | @d Si | Si# Si Gm Bd# | Gm |
G8 H
| Gm Gm Gm Gm _n | Si ||
\DSWI ?
H Dk Ck O O#k @#8 @ I8
_n | Gm | Si | Kn | Kn Kn Kn _mb _mb | @d# Kn Kn Si Kn | Si | Si Si Si @d @d | Kn Si
Dk O Dk H
Gm | _n _mb _mb | Si Gm _n Bd _mb | Bd | G8 Kn _mb | _n ||
MC_ 46 H9+ ; Si# _n _mb
MC_ 36 H0 ; Kn _n _mb
><
KÖ_NOD 406 D_ WNKI HMI_ C^
DSWN_WD6 GMMBI^ XNB_MJ
WMK6 GK
\DSWI 4
Gk H8 Gk H8 O Gk @#m O
Kn | @d Kn Si Gm | Si Kn | _mb @d Kn Si | @d _mb | Gm _n Bd _mb | Bd | Kn _n Si Bd | _n
G8 H8 O
Si Gm _n Bd _n Gm | _mb _mb Gm Si | Kn | Dk Gk H8 |
Gk H8 Gk H8 O Gk @#m O
Kn | @d Kn Si Gm | Si Kn | _mb @d Kn Si | @d _mb | Gm _n Bd _mb | Bd | Kn _n Si Bd | _n
G8 H8 O
Si Gm _n Bd _n Gm | _mb _mb Gm Si Gm
\DSWI 3
@ D8 Gk @#m Dk
Gm Si Gm | Bd Bd | Bd Bd# Bd _mb# Bd | Si Kn Si Bd Bd | Bd _n Bd _mb# Bd | Kn @d Kn
G8 H8 Hm Gk
Gm Gm | Gm _n Gm _n | Si _n | Bd Bd | Kn Kn | _mb | H8 ||
MC_6 Hm; Kn Gm# Bd# _mb

@#m ; Si# Gm Bd @d#
>4
KÖ_NOD 486 \DSDCÎJ_ GD QYQD
DSWN_WD6 QYQD
HÆJISM6 NJ@DJWNB
WMK6 @
\DSWI 4
@ D8 Gk Cc O8
Bd @d Bd | _mb Kn _mb | @d Si | @d @d @d @d | @d | @d @d | _mb _mb _mb _mb Bd _mb |
@ D8 Gk Cc O8
Bd @d Bd | _mb Kn _mb | @d Si | @d @d @d @d | @d | @d @d | _mb _mb _mb _mb Bd _mb |
\DSWI 3
Cc O8 @ Hk O8
Bd# Bd# Bd# Bd | _mb _mb @d _mb | Bd Bd Bd _mb @d | @d | _mb _mb _mb @d | Kn Kn @d _mb |
@ Cc O8 @ Hk
Bd Bd Bd _mb | @d | Bd# Bd# Bd# Bd | _mb _mb @d _mb | Bd Bd Bd _mb @d | _mb _mb Bd |
O8 @
Bd# _mb Kn _mb | @d ||
\DSWI ?
@ Cc Hk O8
Gm Bd @d | Si Bd# _mb | Bd# Bd# Bd# Bd# | Bd# _mb Bd# | Gm Gm Gm Gm Si Gm ||
@ Cc Hk O8
Gm Bd @d | Si Bd# _mb | Bd# Bd# Bd# Bd# | Bd# _mb Bd# | Gm Gm Gm Gm Si Gm ||
>3
KÖ_NOD 416 \BDJIWD ÄHYD
DSWN_WD6 HYNBAISKI DSDJWI_
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O Dk Gk H8 O
_mb _mb _mb | _mb @d Kn | Kn Kn Kn | Bd _mb @d | @d @d @d | @d Kn Si | Si Gm Si | Kn |
_mb _mb _mb |
O Dk Gk H8 O
_mb _mb _mb | _mb @d Kn | Kn Kn Kn | Bd _mb @d | @d @d @d | @d Kn Si | Si Gm Si | Kn |
Dk I8 H8 @
Bd Bd Bd | Bd _mb Kn | Kn Si Si | Si Kn @d | _mb _mb _mb | _mb @d Kn Gm
\DSWI 3
O Gk H8 O I8
Gm Gm Gm | Gm Si Kn | Si Si Si | Si Gm _n | _n _n _n | _n Gm Si | Gm | _n _n _n | _n Gm
Dk @ @ O H8 @
Si | Gm Bd Bd | Bd _mb Kn | Si | H8 Bd | Bd _mb Kn | Si | Gm | Gm _n _n Bd _mb | Bd |
O H8 @ O
| _mb | Gm _n | Bd _mb Kn | Si | Gm ||
>?
KÖ_NOD 4>6 KI BIPD
DSWN_WD6 DHI\Æ
HÆJISM6 _DKCD & \DHMGI
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
H8 I8
O Kn Kn @d _mb _mb Bd _mb | _mb Si | Dk Gm Gm Si Kn @d Kn | Kn | @ Bd Bd _n Gm Gm
O H8
Si Gm | Gm _mb | G8 Bd Bd _n Gm Bd Si Gm | _mb ||
H8 I8
O Kn Kn @d _mb _mb Bd _mb | _mb Si | Dk Gm Gm Si Kn @d Kn | Kn | @ Bd Bd _n Gm Gm
O H8
Si Gm | Gm _mb | G8 Bd Bd _n Gm Bd Si Gm | _mb ||
\DSWI 3
O O
@ Bd Bd _n gm Gm Si Gm | Kn _mb | H8 Si Si Kn @d Kn Si Bd _mb | _mb | O8 | @ Bd Bd
O O
_n Gm Gm Si Gm | Kn _mb | H8 Si Si Kn @d Si Bd _mb | Gm || H8
\DSWI ?
O I8 Dk
Kn | Kn Gm _mb | Kn KN | Kn Kn Kn Si Gm | Si _n _mb# | Gm | Gm Bd Kn | Gm Gm | Gm
I8 @ H8 Ik D8
Gm Gm _n Bd | _n _mb# Kn | @d @d @d | Bd Gm | Kn Si | Kn | Kn Kn Kn Kn Si Gm | Bd
G8 H8 O
Bd | Kn Si Gm | Kn Si Gm | Kn Si Gm | Kn Si Gm | Gm ||
>7
KÖ_NOD 3<6 GI PMBWD \SM DOMJOAIHM
DSWN_WD6 IBCD SDKDBAM
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 H
\DSWI 4
H Dk Ck H G I8 Dk
_n | _mb _mb _n Bd _mb | @d# Kn _n | Si Si | G _n | _mb _mb _mb _n Bd _mb | @d# Kn | _n | Kn
Dk I8 Dk I8 Dk
Kn | I8 _n Bd Bd Bd Gm _n Bd | _mb# @d Kn | Bd Bd Bd Gm _n Bd | _mb# @d | Kn Kn Bd
G H
Gm _n Bd | @d# Kn Si | Si Si || G
H Dk Ck H H8 O
_n | _mb _mb _n Bd _mb | @d# Kn _n | Si Si | G _n | _mb _mb _mb _n Bd _mb | @d Si _n | _mb
Dk G Ck Ik Dk
| I8 _n | Bd Bd Gm _n Bd | @d# Kn Si | _n _n Si _n Bd _mb | @d# Kn Si | Bd Bd @d# Bd
G Ik
@d# Si | Gm Bd _n | _mb | I8 ||
\DSWI 3
Dk G Ck Dk @#k C8 Ik
_n | Bd Bd Bd Kn Kn Kn | Si Si Gm | _n _n _n | Bd Bd Bd Kn Kn Kn | Si# Gm | Bd | _n |
Dk G H H8 O
I8 _n | Bd Bd Bd Kn Kn Kn | Si Si @d# | _mb _mb _n _n _n | Bd Bd _mb | _mb _mb Gm Gm
I8 D8 Ck I8 D8 Ck O @8
Gm | _n _mb# @d | Kn | G Gm _n Bd | Si | Gm _n | Kn | G _n Bd @d# | Si | Si Gm | Si | I8
D8 Dk H D8 G H
Gm _n Kn | Bd | _n Bd Si | _mb | Hk Bd _mb Kn | _mb @d# | Kn @d# | _mb ||
>9
KÖ_NOD 346 JMWYSJM M\ > J ¼ 3
DSWN_WD6 OAM\NJ
HÆJISM6 OBÄ__NOD
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O O D8 Gk H I8
_mb | Kn | @k Si Kn | Si Gm _mb | Kn Bd Bd# Bd _mb# Bd Bd Kn | _mb | @d Kn | Si | Kn
Dk Om O H8 O @k O
_n | Gm | Bd | _mb _n Bd | _mb @d Kn @d Bd _n | Gm _mb | Kn | Si Kn Si Gm# Si Kn | Si
D8 Gk H
Gm | Si Gm _n Gm Si | Kn _mb# Bd Bd# Bd Si Gm# @d Kn Bd# Bd Kn | _mb | @d Kn | Si
I8 Dk Om O H8 O
Kn Si Gm# Si | Kn Kn _n | Gm | Bd | _mb _n Bd | _mb @d Kn @d Bd _n | Gm ||
\DSWI 3
H G @ @k O D8 G Ik
_n Gm | Si Kn Si | Si Bd | Gm Gm Gm | Gm _n Gm Si Gm | Gm _mb | _mb @d# Kn | Si | _n |
Dk G8 H8 O @k
Gm | _n Bd _n | _mb _mb# _mb# _mb# Bd Bd _n | Kn _mb | Kn @d# _mb | _mb# _mb Bd# _n Kn
O D8 Gk
Si | Si Gm Si Gm _n Gm Si | Kn _mb# Bd Bd# Bd Si | Gm# @d Kn Bd# Bd Kn | _mb @d
H I8 Dk Om O H8 O
Kn | Si Kn Si Gm# Si | Kn Kn Kn _n | Gm Bd | _mb _n bd | _mb @d Kn @d Bd _n | Gm ||
@NJDB
@k O @k O
Gm Si Gm Si | Kn | Gm | Si Gm Si Gm Si | Kn | Gm _mb Kn Gm _mb Kn | Gm _mb Kn Gm
_mb Kn | Gm ||
MC_6 Om ; Bd @d# Si# Gm
>0
KÖ_NOD 336 BYD I @BMS
DSWN_WD6 M_XDBGM KMJWIJIHSM
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 O
NJWSM
O
_mb _n Gm# Bd | _n | _mb @d# | _mb
\DSWI 4
G D H O G
@ä _mb | Bd _n Bd _n Bd _n Bd _n | Bd | _mb @d# | _mb @d# Si Si | _mb @d# Si Si | _mb
Ck D8
@d# Si | G9+ Si Kn | @d# _mb @d# _mb @d# _mb @d# _mb | @d# Kn | @d# _mb @d# Kn Si
G
Kn | _mb @d# @d# | D8
\DSWI 3
G Dk H Hk
@d# _mb | Bd _n Bd _n Bd _n Bd _n | Bd | G8 Si Si | Si Kn Si Kn Si Kn Si Kn | Si Bd#
G Ck Ik D8 H G
Bd# | Bd Bd Bd _n | Bd _n Bd _n | _mb _mb _mb _mb | @d# Kn Si Kn | _mb @d# | Si ||
MC_6 G9+ ; Si Bd# @d#
>8
KÖ_NOD 3?6 SÄGNM \NSDWD
DSWN_WD6 S\K
HÆJISM6 \M\/SMOE
WMK6 C
NJWSM
C I
Si# _n || 1 Q Kn _n || 1 Q { Sipitnr ? Q Wugm
\DSWI 4
C I C I
@d# _n _n | Si# Si# Gm# _n | _n _mb# | @d# _n _n | _n _n | Si# Si# Gm# _n | _n _mb#
@# I @#
| _n | _n Gm# Gm# | Si# Kn Si# Gm# | Gm# _n | _n | _n Gm# Gm# Gm# Gm# Si# Kn Si#
I
Gm# | _n ||
NJWSM
C I
Si# _n || 1 Q Kn _n || 1 Q { Sipitnr 3 Q Wugm
C I C I @#
@d# _n _n | Si# Si# Gm# _n | _mb# | @d# _n _n _n _n _n | Si# Si# Gm# _n | _mb# _n | _n
I @#
Gm# Gm# | Gm# Si# Kn Si# Gm# | Gm# _n | _n | _n Gm# Gm# Gm# Gm# | Si# Kn Si#
I
Gm# | Gm# _n ||
\DSWI 3
C I C I
Si# _n | Si | @d# Kn Si# _n | Si# _n | Si | @d# Kn Si# _n
@# I C
_n | _n Gm# Gm# | Si# Kn Si# Gm# | Gm# _n | Si# Si# Gm# Si Gm# | _n ||
OMSM
C I
Si# _n | @d# Kn Si# | Kn _n | CN_
CN_ ;: Wmodr Si`rïm / \drti 4 / \drti 3 (3Q)
@NJDB
C I C I
Si# _n | Si | @d# Kn Si# _n | Si# _n | Si | @d# Kn Si# _n
@# I C
@d# | @d# @d# @d# | _mb# @d# @d# @d# | @d# Kn | CN_ _mb# (0 Q) @d# | _n ||
>1
KÖ_NOD 376 BMPI M@ K^
K ^ BN@I
DSWN_WD6 TYIIJ
WMK6 CK
NJWSM
G Ck H G I8
Gm {7 Q _n {7Q Bd { 0 Q Si Gm# Si @d# | Si Gm# Si @d# | Si | _n Bd Si | _n Bd Si ||
\DSWI 4
D @#k Ck I8 D8
Bd _mb# Bd Kn | Bd _mb# @d# | Si Gm# Si @d# | Kn Kn | Kn Kn Si | Gm# _n Bd @d# |
G Ck @#k H G Ck
| Kn @d# @d# | Si Gm# Si | Si _n Gm# | Gm# Si Gm# _n _n | Bd @d# Kn | Si | Bd Si @d#
Ik D8 G
Kn | _n Bd _n | Si Si ||
D @#k Ck I8 D8
Bd _mb# Bd Kn | Bd _mb# @d# | Si Gm# Si @d# | Kn Kn | Kn Kn Si | Gm# _n Bd @d# |
G Ck @#k H G Ck
| Kn @d# @d# | Si Gm# Si | Si _n Gm# | Gm# Si Gm# _n _n | Bd @d# Kn | Si | Bd Si @d#
Ik D8 G
\DSWI 3
Ck @#k H G Ck
Si Si Si Si Si | Si Gm# Gm# @d# Gm# Bd | _mb Bd _n Si Si @d# | Si Si Si Si @d#
@#k Dm Ik D8 G
Gm# Gm# Gm# Gm# _n Bd Gm# _n Bd Gm _n | Bd _mb Kn Kn | Kn @d# _mb Kn @d# ||
Ck @#k H G Ck
| Si Gm# Si | Si _n Gm# | Gm# Si Gm# _n _n | Bd @d# Kn | Si | Bd Si @d#
Ik D8 G
@NJDB
Ck @#k H G
Si Gm# _n Si | Gm# _n Bd Gm# | Si | @d# Kn Si ||
MC_6 Dm ; @d# Si# Gm Bd
>>
KÖ_NOD 396 XI DSI WAI OADK\NMJ_
DSWN_WD6 TYIIJ
WMK6 O#K
\DSWI 4
O#k O#k O#k
_mb# _n Gm# | Gm# | H#k _mb# _n Gm# | Gm# | H#k _mb# _n Gm# | Gm# | H#k _mb# _mb#
O#k I I I H#k
Si# Gm# _n | Gm# | H#k _n Si# Kn | Kn | D _n Si# Kn | Kn | D _n Si# Kn | Kn | @d#
O#k @#8 C O#
_mb# | _mb# | Bd# | _n | _n | _n Gm# Si# @d# _mb# Gm# _n | Gm# _n Gm# _n | Gm# ||
\DSWI 3
@# Cck Ick @# Cck

@d# @d @d# | @d Gm# | Bd# | Si# Bd# | C O# Gm# | @d# _mb# Bd# | Gm# Bd# | Si# @d |
C H#k O# C Cm @# @#8
Si# | Hm | Si# Gm# Si# | Gm# _n | _n Bd# _n | Bd# _mb# | Bd# @d# _n | Bd# @d# | _n |
C8 @#
Bd @d# | _n Bd @d# | Kn Gm# | @d# ||
MC_ 46 Cm ; Si _n _mb# @d
MC_ 36 Hm ; Kn Gm# Bd# _mb
4<<
KÖ_NOD 306 KIJWNSD_
K IJWNSD_
DSWN_WD6 DGSNDJD ODBODJAMWM
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 D
\DSWI 4
D8+ G8+
D Bd _n Gm# | Si Gm# _n _n | _n | G | Bd Bd _n Gm# | Si Gm# Bd _n Gm# Bd | D | Bd
D8+ Gk I
Bd _n Gm# | Si Gm# _n _n Bd | G Bd Bd _n Gm# Si Bd Bd Bd _mb# ||
D8+ G8+
D Bd _n Gm# | Si Gm# _n _n | _n | G | Bd Bd _n Gm# | Si Gm# Bd _n Gm# Bd | D | Bd
D8+ Gk I
Bd _n Gm# | Si Gm# _n _n Bd | G Bd Bd _n Gm# Si Bd Bd Bd _mb# || D ‟ D8+
\DSWI 3
Gk D
G Bd @d# Kn Si Gm# | Si Gm# | _n Bd _n | Bd _n Bd | Gm# Si Gm# | G Bd @d# Kn Si
Gk
Si Gm# | _n Gm# | Bd Bd | Gm# Kn _mb# _n |
MC_ 46 D8+ ; _mb# Kn Gm# Bd
MC_ 36 G8+ ; Gm# Bd @d# Si
4<4
KÖ_NOD 386 GI_BNVI_
DSWN_WD6 @ÄHJIS
HÆJISM6 K\C
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O H Dk Hk O8
Kn _mb Kn | _mb Kn _mb Kn | _mb Kn _mb Kn | _mb _mb _mb _mb | Si Gm Gm _mb | Si Gm
@ Gk D8 Gk H8
Gm _mb | Bd | @d Kn @d | Bd @d Kn @d | Bd @d @d @d | Bd @d @d @d | Gm _n _n Bd | Gm
O O
_n _mb | Kn | H8 | _mb Bd _n | Bd _mb ||
O H Dk Hk O8
Kn _mb Kn | _mb Kn _mb Kn | _mb Kn _mb Kn | _mb _mb _mb _mb | Si Gm Gm _mb | Si Gm
@ Gk D8 Gk H8 O
Gm _mb | Bd | @d Kn @d | Bd @d Kn @d | Bd @d @d @d | Bd @d @d @d | Gm _n Si | _mb _mb
\DSWI 3
@ H8 Dk @
O8 Gm Si Kn | Si Gm Si Kn | Si Gm _n Gm | Kn _mb | O8 | Gm Si Kn | Si Gm Si Kn |
H8 Dk @ H8 Dk
Si Gm _n Gm | Kn | O8 | Gm Si Kn | Si Gm Si Kn | Si Gm _n Gm | Kn _mb | O8 | _mb Gm
Gk H8 O
_mb | Bd Bd Gm Gm | _n _n Kn | Si Gm ||
4<3
KÖ_NOD 316 _MKIXAISI NJ WNKI (WIKD GM @NBKI IK DBHYK BYHDS GM \D__DGM)
DSWN_WD6 FMAJ CDSS^
WMK6 O
\DSWI 4
O @ Gk H8 O
Gm Si Kn | _n | Dk Gm _nb _mb | Si Kn | Bd _n Gm | Si Kn Si Kn | Si Bd _n | _mb | @d
@ Dk I C8 H8
_mb | Bd | Si Gm _n | Gm _mb | @ Gm _n Bd | _n _mb# | _n @d# @d# _mb# Bd | _n ||
\DSWI 3
Dk Gk Dk Gk
Kn Si _mb | Kn | @ Kn @d Kn | Si | H8 Si Kn Si Gm | Bd Gm Bd | Gm Si | Si _n Bd |
I H8 O @ O O
_n | @d Gm Si Kn _n | Dk Gm _n _mb | Si Kn | H8 @d @d Kn | _mb | Cc8 _mb _mb | _mb
4<?
KÖ_NOD 3>6 YJ@MSHIWDCBI
DSWN_WD6 JDW ENJH OMBI
WMK6 @
NJWSM
@ Hk Dk H#m Hk O8
Gm Si Si Kn | Si Kn Kn @d @d | Kn @d @d _mb | Si Kn Kn @d | Bd# Gm Gm Si | _mb
\DSWI 4
H#m Hk H8 Hk
@ Gm Si Si Kn Kn | Gm Si @d | Kn | @d _mb _mb Bd Bd | @d _mb Bd# | Bd | Bd# Gm Gm
Ick Cc H8 O8
Bd# | Bd# Gm Gm# Gm Bd# | @d _mb _mb @d | @d _mb Bd _mb @d | Si Si _mb Si | Si# Kn
Kn Bd Kn ||
H#m Hk H8 Hk
@ Gm Si Si Kn Kn | Gm Si @d | Kn | @d _mb _mb Bd Bd | @d _mb Bd# | Bd | Bd# Gm Gm
Ick Cc H8 O8 @8
Bd# | Bd# Gm Gm# Gm Bd# | @d _mb _mb @d | @d _mb Bd _mb @d Gm Si Si Gm | Gm Si @d
Cc
Si Gm | Bd# | O8
4<7
KÖ_NOD ?<6 DKNHM_ \DSD _NIK\SI (@SNIJG_
( @SNIJG_ @MS BN@I)
DSWN_WD6 FM_Î ODSSISD_5 BYONDJM \DPDSMWWN5 \BÄONGM GMKNJHM_
WMK6 I
NJWSM
I @#k
_mb# | @d# _mb# Bd | _n _mb# @d# Kn | _n || CN_
\DSWI 4
I @#k
_mb# | @d# _mb# Bd _n _mb# @d# Kn _mb# | @d# _mb# Bd _n _mb# @d# Kn | @d# @d# @d#
Dk I
_mb# Gm# | @d# @d# @d# _mb# | Gm Gm Gm | _n _mb#
I @#k
_mb# | @d# _mb# Bd _n _mb# @d# Kn _mb# | @d# _mb# Bd _n _mb# @d# Kn | @d# @d# @d#
Dk I
_mb# Gm# | @d# @d# @d# _mb# | Gm Gm Gm | _n _mb#
\DSWI 3
D C I
Kn Kn Kn Kn Kn | Kn Si# Si# Gm# Gm# _n _n Bd | Gm# | Kn Kn Kn | Kn _n _n | Bd Bd
O#k @#k C
_mb# _mb# @d# | _mb# | Gm# Gm# Gm# | Gm# _n _n Bd Bd _mb# _mb# @d# | Bd | @d# @d#
D
@d# @d# _mb# | @d# Kn | I ||
Sipitnr \DSWI 3 I \DSWI 4
4<9
KÖ_NOD ?46 Î_WISGD^ (ON@SD C×JY_)
DSWN_WD6 WAI CIDWBI_
WMK6 @
\DSWI 4
@ D8 Gk O8
@ O Gk H8 Cc @
@ D8 Gk O8
@ O Gk H8 Cc @
\DSWI 3
Ik D8 Gk Cc Hk O8 @ Ik D8 Gk Cc Hk
Bd Bd | Si Kn | @d | Kn Si | Kn Si | Gm Si | Bd | Bd Bd | Si Kn
Kn | @d | Kn Si | Kn
O8 @
Si Gm Kn | @d | Gm Bd# Bd
Sipitnr \DSWI 4
4<0

M Njnondjti

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M

Kîtmgm pdrd omkièdr gm zirm

NJNONDÈÏM DM WIOBDGM ...................................................... ........................................................... ......................8

DOMSGI_ I _YD _NKCMBMHND ...................................................... ........................................................... ..........49

\DSWNWYSD, @NHYSD_ MY PDBMSI_

GYSDÈÏM ..................................................... ............................................................ .................................................3?

JMWD_ GI KINM WIK\M.......................................................................................................................................30

BNHDGYSD .................................................... ............................................................ .................................................38

\MJWM GI DYKIJWM I GNKNJYNÈÏM..............................................................................................................31

_N_WIKD GI JMWDÈÏM YJNPIS_DB.................................................................................................................?<

I_WYGM_ GD_ I_ODBD_........................................................................................................................................?0

@MSKDÈÏM GI DOMSGI_ JM WIOBDGM ....................................................... .................................................?>

WMODJGM OMK D_ GYD_ KÏM_.........................................................................................................................7?

DOMSGI_ KDNMSI_ I KIJMSI_.......................................................................................................................70

DOMSGI_ OMK CDNQM IK MYWSD JMWD........................................................................................................93

D NK\MSWÃJOND GM IJOMSI JM WIOBDGM .......................................................... .......................................97

@YJÈÙI_ GM WIOBDGM ......................................................... ........................................................... ....................90

ITYN\DKIJWM_ \DSD WSDCDBADS

GNOD_ @YJGDKIJWDN_ \DSD _IY D\SIJGNVDGM......................................................................................9>

WDCIBD_ GM_ DOMSGI_

BNHDJGM _IY WIOBDGM

4< \ISHYJWD_ I SI_\M_WD_

KÎWMGM SÄ\NGM I @ÄONB \DSD _DNS WMODJGM

KÖ_NOD_ ON@SDGD_ \DSD WIOBDGM ...................................................

Anstÿrnd gm Wiobdgm i _njtitnzdgmr

Djtis gi omkièdrkms d dcmrgdr tmgms ms dssujtms

M tiobdgm î uk gms njstrukijtms kdns utnbnzdgms dtudbkijti, pmr odusd gd sud

M tiobdgm î gnvngngm ik 7 tnpms6 _njtitnzdgmris, Wiobdgms omk domkpdjadkijtm

Ms _njtitnzdgmris sïm ms kdns usdgms dtudbkijti. Î uk njstrukijtm qui

Ms Wiobdgms omk domkpdjadkijtm dutmkätnom, _ïm tiobdgms qui pmssuik

Ms Xmrestdtnmjs, sïm tiobdgms kdns omkpbixms, qui ijvmbvi sëjtisi gi smjs i

Mcvndkijti m snjtitnzdgmr gi`njntnvdkijti prmpmronmjmu ì kösnod uk ij`mqui

\mgi-si gnzir qui ? pissmds `mrdk rispmjsävins pibd pmpubdrngdgi gisti

Smcirt D. Kmmh - pmgi-si gnzir qui `mn m njvijtmr gm

Xijgy Odrbms - `mn rispmjsävib pibd prnkinrd mcrd kusnodb

Einta Ikirsmj - Njtihrdjti gm hrupm gi rmoe prmhrissnvm

D Kmmh Kusno rismbviu bdjèdr uk

Jd ridbngdgi m snjtitnzdgmr `mn orndgm ik 4>99

M snjtitnzdgmr `mn gisomcirtm pmr Ikirsmj ik 4>01, dtrdvîs gm äbcuk

M pöcbnom `nomu njtrnhdgm omk m smk

Omk m dpdrionkijtm gm äbcuk "_wntoaig-mj Cdoa" ik

Ik 4>09 Xijgy Odrbms, jd îpmod ijhijainrd gi smk gm istögnm Hmtadk

Dpÿs dpir`inèmdr sud tîojnod jm äbcuk "Wai

Dpÿs m suoissm gm snjtitnzdgmr Kmmh,

D tijgæjond jdturdb `mn prmguznr

Dbhujs djms gipmns ms snjtitnzdgmris pdssdrdk d sir pmbn`÷jnoms, mu sifd,

Dnjgd advnd uk hrdjgi prmcbikd. \drd dbtirdr m smk gm njstrukijtm pmr

Dtudbkijti ixnstik njökirds kdrods gi tiobdgms (snjtitnzdgmris), qui vïm gms

D kibamr `mrkd gi omkièdrkms d dprijgir qudbquir njstrukijtm î omjaioijgm

- D pdutd (mu pijtdhrdkd)

D pdutd (mu pijtdhrdkd) î smcri mjgi isorivikms ds jmtds kusnodns

Jibd, isorivikms ds jmtds smcri ds bnjads i jms ispdèms ijtri ibds6

JMWD6 D pdbdvrd pijtdhrdkd î gi mrnhik hrihd6 pijtd snhjn`nod onjom i hrdkd isorntd.

kïm isquirgd - domkpdjadkijtm

kïm gnrintd - kibmgnd

Djtis gi dprijgirkms omkm isorivir ds jmtds jd pdutd, virikms ms sius jmkis i d

p ritds sikpri sirä d jmtd gÿ.

M Si, _mb i Bä pmssuik `mrkds gn`irijondgds. Fä m Gÿ i m @ä, pmssuik `mrkds

Dhmrd qui fä sdcikms ngijtn`nodr ds tiobds vdkms jukirdr ms gigms gi jmssd

Wdjtm jd kïm isquirgd qudjtm jd gnrintd ms gigms tirïm dtrncuëgds d sihunjti

Ombmqui siu gigm Këjnkm (9) gd kïm isquirgd jm prnkinrm Gÿ gm tiobdgm. Pä

Dhmrd ixiouti m ixiroëonm omj`mrki ixikpbn`nodgm jd `nhurd dcdnxm ,usdjgm m

Dm `dzir m ixiroëonm kdjtijad ms gigms bivikijti gmcrdgms, smcri ds tiobds i m