Pengantar

Infrastruktur
Air Minum TLI 559
(Kuliah 2) Perencanaan Infrastruktur Permukiman

Prodi Magister Teknik Lingkungan

Universitas Andalas
Pendahuluan
PERAN AIR
▪ Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat
- 80% tubuh manusia terdiri atas air
- Air media bagi perkembangan vektor penyakit-penyakit bawaan air (water borne deseases): disentri,
kolera, dll
▪ Terhadap Kepentingan Ekonomis
Air penting bagi kelangsungan industri dan pertanian (menaikkan perekonomian)
▪ Terhadap Kepentingan Perkotaan
- Prasarana, sarana, utilitas
- rekreasi
- Dll
▪ Air yang bagaimana? Ketersediaan AM menjamin kesehatan? Kebiasaan tidak sehat!
▪ Peran institusi PAM?
Joko, 2020
Joko, 2020
Joko, 2020
 Utilitas Air Minum
▪ Utilitas Air Minum Perumahan/Permukiman, tanggung jawab siapa?
▪ UU No. 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Perumahan dan Kawasan Pemukiman, Pasal 1 angka
2, pengertian perumahan adalah: “...kumpulan rumah sebagai bagian dari
permukiman, baik perkotaan maupun perdesaan, yang dilengkapi dengan prasarana,
sarana, dan utilitas umum sebagai hasil upaya pemenuhan rumah yang layak huni.”

▪ Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 9 Tahun 2009 tentang Penyerahan Prasarana
Lingkungan, Sarana Umum dan Sarana Sosial Perumahan kepada Pemerintah
Daerah, Pasal 11 ayat (1): “…pemerintah daerah meminta pengembang untuk
menyerahkan prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas perumahan dan pemukiman
sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 8, Pasal 9, dan Pasal 10 yang dibangun oleh
pengembang.”
Utilitas Air Minum
▪ Pasal 134 UU 1/2011: Pihak pengembang (developer) dilarang menyelenggarakan
pembangunan perumahan, yang tidak membangun perumahan sesuai dengan
kriteria, spesifikasi, persyaratan, prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas umum yang
diperjanjikan

▪ Jika tidak terpenuhi, Pasal 150 ayat (2) UU 1/2011: sanksi administratif (teguran,
pembekuan/pencabutan imb, pembukaan/pencabutan izin usaha, penutupan lokasi
dll). Selain itu, pihak pengembang yang bersangkutan juga dapat dijerat pidana
berdasarkan Pasal 151 UU 1/2011 (denda Rp. 5M, tambahan: membangun kembali
sesuai kriteria yg disyarakatkan).
Source: USAID, IUWASH PLUS
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01. Surface Water/No Services (‘Tidak ada Akses’)

Source of drinking water directly from

surface water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs,
ponds, irrigation) without
treatment/protection at all

9/18/2021 Source: USAID, IUWASH PLUS 11

 Dr.Eng Denny Helard, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universitas Andalas, INDONESIA

02. Unimproved Water (‘Tidak Layak’)

▪ Concept and definition of water supply (drinking water)
▪ Current situation
▪ Issues

▪ Future challenges
▪ Assigment

Sources of drinking water originating from

unprotected water sources, i.e.: (i) unprotected
wells; (ii) unprotected springs Source: USAID, IUWASH PLUS
9/18/2021 12
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03/04. Limited/Basic Access

(Improved Water Supply*)
‘Akses Layak’,
87.7% (2018)
* Sources of drinking water come
from (i) piped-water (individual
taps); (ii) retail pipe; (iii) public
faucet / public hydrant; (iv) water
terminal; (v) retail seller; (vi)
shelter rainwater (PAH); (vii)
protected springs; (viii) wells
protected; and (ix) boreholes or
9/18/2021 pump wells. 13
Source: USAID, IUWASH PLUS
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06. Safely Managed* (‘Akses Aman’)

* Proper source of drinking water, location on premises, available at any time/needed, and quality according
9/18/2021 14

to standards
 Achievement of access to adequate drinking water and piping

NAT ION A L AC H IEVEMEN T OF S A FE DRINKING WAT E R PROXY, 2018

100%

90% 87,8%

80%

70%

60%

50% 46,2% 44,3% 42,2%

40%

30%

20%

10%
8,5% 6,8%
0%
Akses Layak Kases Layak on Premises Akses Layak On Premises Akses Layak on premises, Akses Layak on premises, Akses Layak on premises,
Limited and Safely Manage: dan Safely Manage:
tersedian Safely Manage:
setiap tahun ketersediaan Safely Manage:
dan Kualitas ketersediaan Safely Manage:
dan Kualitas ketersediaan dan Kualitas
Basic Ladder 1 Ladder 2 Ladder
(Hanya Kualitas3Fisik) Ladder 4, DIY)
biologi (SKA DIY) Ladder
Fisik 4, National)
dan Biologi (Proxy
Access SKA Nasional)
(Improved
water Ministry of National Development Planning/
supply) National Development Planning Agency, 2019
 Achievement of access to improved drinking water and piping
Achievement of access to improved drinking water and Distribution of achievement of improved drinking
piping source water access in Indonesia
Source : Bappenas, Susenas BPS (2019) Source: Bappenas, Susenas BPS (2019)
100%
86,96% 86,44% 87,54% 87,75%
90% 82,14% 82,79% 82,89% 84,06%
80%
70%
Achievement

60%
50%

20,14%
19,79%
15,73%
15,72%

40% 15,71%

15,25%
15,10%
14,97%

30%
20%
10%
There are 20 Provinces (from 34)
0% Above average (>87.75%) with access achievements below
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Below average (<87.75%) the national average
Year
Ministry of National Development Planning/
Akses Layak
Limited/basic Piped/piping
Akses Pipa National Development Planning Agency, 201

Achievement of access Achievement of access Meaning of ‘Limited/basic Access’(Improved) What about ‘Safely Manage Access’
to improved drinking to piped drinking “Akses Layak”? “Akses Air Minum Aman?”
water, 2018 water, 2018 Households use drinking water sources that come from protected drinking Estimated access to safe drinking water nationally has
water sources, such as piped-water, retail piped, public faucets/public

87.75 % 20.14 %
only reached 6.8% *
hydrants, water terminals, protected springs, boreholes/pump wells,
*) Based on the results of the 2015 Water Quality
protected wells.
Survey in DIY Province
Distribution
Dr.Eng Capacity,
Denny Helard, L/sof
Department Production
EnvironmentalCapacity,
Engineering,L/sInstalled
Faculty of Capacity, L/s
Engineering, Universitas Andalas, INDONESIA

374
PDAM

*PDAM = Local Government Water Utility

9/18/2021 20
 Covered Access of Water Supply with Piping Network
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Covered Access of Water Supply with Non-Piping Network

9/18/2021 21
Joko, 2020
Target

9/18/2021 23
Ministry of National Development Planning/
National Development Planning Agency, 2019
Joko, 2020
Tugas Review
Buat resume 3-4 halaman terkait dengan kondisi dan pengembangan infrastruktur air
minum skala Permukiman, sekurang-kurangnya dapat menjawab pertanyaan berikut:
▪ Apa tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia dalam mengembangkan infrastruktur air
minum di kawasan Permukiman
▪ Bagaimana tantangan pengembangan infrastruktur air minum ini dikaitkan dengan
pencapaian target SDG 6.1