AFRICANO KYLA B.

BSPSY1

A. The four major theories of personalities are

1. PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
 Psychoanalytic theory assumes different mechanisms of change, and as
psychoanalytic theory itself evolves and proliferates, various new ways of
conceptualizing the process of change continue to emerge. At its most basic level,
the understanding that change generally involves unconsciousness, as expressed in
Freud's well-cited axiom "Where it was, the ego should be" there is. Change evolves
in different processes of his life, and at the heart of his mature thinking, change first
notices our instinctive impulses and unconscious desires, then mature, rational and
reflexive. The idea was that it meant learning to deal with them in a way.
2. TRAIT AND TYPE THEORY
 Trait is a characteristic behavioural pattern or conscious motivation that can be
evaluated by yourself or your peers. The term type is used to identify a particular
collection of traits that make up a widespread general personality classification.
 Hans Eysenck proposed an organization with higher personality traits in three basic
groups (traits and vice versa). This constitutes a type in his opinion.
-extraversion (as opposed to introversion)
-neuroticism (as opposed to emotional stability)
-psychoticism (as opposed to impulse control)
3. HUMANISTIC THEORY
 Some psychologists at the time disliked psychodynamics and activist personality
explanations. They believed that these theories ignored the properties that make
humans unique in animals, such as self-determination and the pursuit of self-
fulfillment. In the 1950s, some of these psychologists started a school of psychology
called humanism.
 Human psychologists try to see people's lives the same way they see them. You
tend to be optimistic about humanity. They think consciously and rationally, control
biological impulses, and focus on the ability of those to reach their full potential.
From a human perspective, people are responsible for their lives and behaviors and
have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behaviors.
4. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
 Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a theory developed by Albert Bandura at the
interpersonal level, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between people (personal
factors), behavior, and the environment. This interaction is demonstrated by the
composition of mutual determinism.
5. COGNITIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY
 Cognitive theory assumes that thinking is a major determinant of emotions and
behavior. Information processing is a general description of this mental process.
Theorists compare how the human mind works with computers.

B. Why don’t all people react in the same way to the same encounter?
 Know that expressing emotions is healthy, as some people express their emotions
well. But how (and when) emotions are expressed is important. This allows you to be
productive in your situation. Maybe they know they can choose the way they react
instead of letting emotions influence them to do or say things they later regret, They
have a sense of when it's best to speak out and when it's better to wait before acting
on, or reacting to, what they feel or they know that their reaction influences what
happens next including how other people respond to them and the way they feel
about themselves.
C. Do individual differences have power in shaping behaviour?
 Yes, because one factor that influences the perception of others is the current
cognitive accessibility of a particular person's traits. That is, how quickly and easily a
person's traits come to the perceiver. Differences in accessibility mean that different
people care about different aspects of others. Some people are so concerned about
appearance that they first notice how attractive someone is-appearance is an easily
accessible property for them. Some pay more attention to race and religion, while
others pay more attention to height and weight. If you are interested in style and
fashion, you are more likely to notice the clothes of one person first, and the other
person is more likely to notice someone's athletic ability.
D. Give various definition of personality.
 It is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's
distinctive character.
 A characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
 Personality includes mood, attitude, and opinion, and is most clearly expressed in
interaction with others.
 A term used to describe the characteristics that a person consistently displays at
different times and in different situations. Understanding a person's personality can
predict their behavior in a variety of situations. A person's personality can often
indicate inner thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.