Geucrhon f Hy bo Ate wedv 4 te Hages 2 b + ~ Trausfiemors Le qpuersting gh ater ned, es Lo Hages Wray lave one 2nd of He Wah Vo Hoge. Winding earthed , Fatty ise ded winding s ae Pesuiredl only ie Specioh applientims (€.9. cascade ) ' Crreits Sige Shege dest tous frrmer 5 Siugle - pole iGo ladedt ‘ === P= Zz (ear | r ] ~ | Ht Wigh wolage witiding Bo! excitadion winding Fo: iron Cove La LED Z ! Dy i sobted 17= enero vo beuges above a few Nundeed KV 5 Sitgle Stage sronctormors ce woo rely Used. — for economical and technical tearms , % Sevres of high ve lage wirelings of several trmsformers ts employed inclead . EB: exdter Winding _ He high vellage wind re a Ks Gmpter winding 1 Ve 4 leeaare ! eae ~ Te coupling and exdher windings of the lower stages have te Franownt higher power than those t the Upper Ones ound accord ma ly have to be designed for higher loadin s .Fapivetouck Creat 4 Carcorte Trausformer ~ Tre tobe hort ciresiot impedance 4 a Cascoded Arausformer foi dota for tndividuat Sages can be obtamed . - oO AWOs Ze \Ke Ne ZX Ze eh 7 q On< mh wale Ne. Nk a) Th” Ne Eapeavelewt Crrertt of One > ~The impedence s CZe, Zy Zk) are deform nnd either from Calewtaded oF @Xper! derived resutls of Huee Shert-circust tects betocon any choo windings taten oct a time. — The eqprivotout Clreut + a 8 Stage trans rmear Ts chown below ~ “Tie jndicaded Cunencts and the dached heactance s } tafer fo the number of tume Nu of the respective high voltage winsling .~ To Petar Simpy the eqwedo Creu , we tan teduce bo Creat to one teactanw » Xree. ~ The reeuttivg Shor] ~ Creu reactance Kree ie Sbtetrad. om che Condition fled fhe. Peer rat ee bon Greit be the Jame . " (30° Xt Xm + CALS Xe + QD Xe t GX, t GD Xe + (YX, + Xm 1 0 Tut Xres => Xng 7 XE + SXy 4 SKE Costumivg thot The three tramsfiemors cre Ielemthcad >) ~ Sbeecvetion: |Xns # ZOE tXy+ x) |Reactive Rwer sation ~ The Capacitance H tha test objects Trou Charge constdrably _&£ g° post /Sus pension insuloder busting potentiad tanec lopF loo = looop F 200 — acai Cl paper Vmpreg rede Coble 2.50pF /m ~ “Therefne , IP rated voltage is avetloble ah pha Ordos dermi nals Of the est ‘haus former aud a test eject C Copacitive load) ts Ceunecte! across hs serninadc , the Vo lage acres the load becomes higher Han {re rote! Velage ag the load rewe kencting Cane Y \ ~ Bis necessary to regutete He input voltage to Hae fest Neo eee vo Het he, Vo tase acwss the lead , whic TS Vanable romaine the roded Volae . ~ bvethor possibility Ys thet a Variable “wluctor ehould be Guneekd acer the Supply ag Chowan “Wn fiyuie helms 90 that the beactve pewer Supplied by the load Is absorbed by the \nductye | pape a so vaUsivg Vo Lege vider Rus , be ze“ = GJx) Rom MN = aXe XL- Xe ~ Cre vy = vY " al Vv, we a(h We vi w* lc I we we -t wie = 1 . \-wuc Tk c= 2500pF and L = 2401 and { = sth Wle- " w vy Sv. = Lona TE Ws 250kV » Hen VU = 2C5.F4RVGerieg Recover Cirenit ~ The eeprvatowl circuit of a sivgle Gage tect tromcfs emer elong with its Capacitive load ts ghown ™ Riguee below . Lo arciting duce of the tourstormer Ho wductance of the bansfirmer prwvony fh Inductance, of tbe. deaorner Setevelany ~ Normally , inductance Lis hes) brge Soe patel te brawl Ly and hen “ts ghubting effect com be Meglecded | Uonadtty the lood Copacitante is Variable and Hs posvible thik for Certin Roeding » rerenans Mey Occur in He Ciraith Suddent SAI Hen eniy be OL He Cra The, Volage across tho tert Specimen may go Bp az high os 20 to 4o times the dected Valuc . ont the Ginette Unite by He Peseta ce,~ ly the Witte Gages , “tht wos dbffieutt to Wanutacture Comtimuons ly Variable high Voltage oust Wigh Volar Yeactom to be Used W the Genes Orth, indirect methods to achieve thie objective were, Puuployed. . Moi reve ferme Reactor l : 4H Nic the tronsformetion fotio and Lb is the inductance on the lao Volag side of the trauchrmer, then We reflected with N*L yale on the load side a te treme tremor, fer Carlet Setting of He react , the inductive Tractance meu equad The Capacitive: reactive. Feactance of He Craik » hence resemance Wel take place ~ Thus, feactive Power ire Mou of Heo. Supply be comes Zero avd ‘he “haved ato Cony Hee RW Rocet Coment on the lug Vo Hage Sde. Thr is a disadvantage ef tha Weld . ~ The feed annie Unjects tho locges & yo. Cireit only.~ Tn Me wodern Set-up, nial, vo Hage Cowtinucns ly Votable Fades oo RVAr per wait Uslyg a Kad Fectnicgus with oplit Won Core is Weed. Variable « Reactors | - «7 Lonel R+ (wr we) ame WL = > Ve . Ae output vel de > Wo wagnitate a ck ng Vv Dee. % Q vanes behweor ov Ao oud &o. Ve * “CCut) ve. Where Groth » inducteeTe iowings ae tho adlvartages 4 Sener vesovarck Creudt ao power Peep wdrenweust in kw ob tuo feed Greuit is very Swati Phe kw = =e whore & is Usvalliy greater Han 40. WW Te Serer reporerct Greuit Suppreares harmonics Ald “Werference to a lavge exteck. “The wear Sinuscrdad. waveform holpe acurvade. ates discharge Wcaguremenc . WD Ia case of a Pashover er breakdown of O ect Specmen dung texting on igh volage Sides tHe Tesovard Cent is detuned auc the esr voltage Golapses Immedtade ly . W) Nb Geparede Compersecting reacturg axe requibest . Ths reguite tn a lower overrth hetabt . WY Grieg or Mos Connection g fq BeyoraS winks Ts vot att otk a problem, Any Number - watts Caw be Connected tn Sones Wout bothering for TWrpedan te problem whi Is fevernly ace ocaded With a Carcaded tect tranefinmnerHigh Voliage Engineering: Fundamentals Figure 2.19 2.2 MV series resonant circuit (Hitachi Research Laboratory, supplied by Hipotronix, Brewster, USA) weight for oil-insulated continuously variable b.y. reactors can be reduced to about 3 to 6kg/KVA for a power freaency af 60 He3°500KV Series-resonant transformer (Jiangsu Shenghua Electrical Co.) *@RMIT Universiry swe ne-dovaseedThe first hitting the p tions. The ar as every strc more into the waves, whos. of the overty at its origin which may e lated by the « Too high vol insulation anv steeper wave hy. equipmer different kind: fore lightni the transmissi ‘The second always relatec impedances of voltage rise is be very danger insulation in tt Both types c ors of a series resonant circuit with variable Where they ar switches or y test of very long polymeric cables (courtesy FKHL, systems, Here Figure 2.22 Modular reac frequency during an on-site Zurich, Switzerland) as they can rea that the testing need today.2) cables with a length of about 7 km. tests’, which w Although the OOKVIG A each as used during on-site a.c. voltage tests of ILOKV XLPE IL used less in h.v. laboratories than testing i sonant circuits have often been applied became nece for voltages in the MV range.“ ee for testi Whereas s.r. circuits are still transformers, especially designed re in eoninnarion with X-ray sets evenExam ge A lorkva aspv/sookv Red taastrmer bas restrance and rea chance of 1% and S% respectively. “This Transfrmer Is used ty tect a cable at tooky at SoHy The Cable totes a Cherging cancut of OFA at 4ovkv Determine ho Series Trductance Paguices. Assume '% Tesittame A Ae Inductr. Also slelermine “Unputt: Vo Hage to he sheuncformer , Neglect Uelechic lor a he Cable . OSA TO 4okv Resistance aut reactance of We teem 2eok) R= ais x Bed * 4En ees Cook) Ken Tee > Se F BORN ard Risechn = tk and E. = Hoe . © 0-5 Book Tor tesovane XL = Xe Sine X= Sonn the oddittored reactnie Pequbed =(8co ~ 90)k. = to kn aS r “wed therefne the “wductance requeed. =X = BIOS -aaee 4 Total tecistance of tue Creut = °E ss Vo # = OBxRE = FEV => Seconda = 4bx 28 2. by oe = buwaw volmaceGomoracton of Irpulve Ve tages De R ristion ck lapse Vollage - An impulse voltage ie an unidirectrel Yoltage whic Mees ropidiy to a Maximum Value and folds ogi ty to tere as Shoum in Rare below . 1 1 1 [eo { ' 1 te G ~The warimum Value is Cotbed Meo. oe Valuas. + The Dmputse oud Hee Imputee Voltage we specified by dh value. — Qual orcitations are tolereted » provided thet their amptihde is less thon 5% of the peak Vales of dhe Dwpulre volage . ~ Han tnputse voltage dese ops withens Causing ashover CF punchue 5 Fis cabled a Rul Wpulse voltage. Hf Poshover cxears , Gausing 1 Sudden collapse of the ‘pulse voltage , i Is Covad o Che ppest Meapule, \ollage. Chopped wave,— A Rus impure Uollage Is Cerackrised by Hs peak value and is two iWervad , The wane Pont aud wave fait time “iwlervals . ~ The waye Pot we tb Specified as bes Ct ~%t1) whore ti. is the Hae Fer the wove fo ready ths 90% Ch Ate peak Value and t, is the. fae to reac 10% oF We peak Value . ~ Saco Ca- t) represents obut 8O% of He wane Pest Hie, A iy mubh pled hy as to give Tolat wore Pract ime. Note: The pont wohore fla line CB indersects the Te axis is referral to be He vominat Starting powd of the wane CVirkuat origin ) ~ The vomial ware dail te 1s Wearted betweon Hee. Pomivad Sarting point te and ts whore tho Voltage. is box of tho peak Value. Wave tail fe is expressed as (tz - te) wore font time ty = bas(t-t) = Ups t bo“ Wave eit Fyne ty + (ti-%) = Sous t 30% — A Standart wae & a /50 pas Wave, be. @ nave Front of us ond a Wave toil of Bos .l mpulse Geverater Groutt Ri a dec. ae : ie, ®). L.. Simplified 2 WValevct Creat Horage Co.pacitor Tot Lead Capacitance hewe Lorct Tesistor Wowe sail resistor Sphere Qep The Tmpulre Capacitor is Charged thinygh a charging Vesichuw to a de. Ve Hage Ve and Hen discheuge by Hashing over the Pwitebivg gy with & pube of Stable yaline . The desired Tw putse ve Hoge appears ecress the Load Capacitance C., “The Vales of tle Cruut -elomcicts dedermtne, the Shape of the oud put Nmpetre Vo texge .ict) — 1 eo 4) = le) A) = cays be I) = sc vey -¢ Wo) J sammy Oe IO + YO) se ve = Ie Ved 7. Ves) = TG) sy + by Ss ee) k ar = Lo TS 7 ve p Me) - ay swe dower aWhe cgi vatoust ctraclinm Mpedance ae Seen behwecr points AB otter the ger q Ploshar over , Acs) Ly zoos dy ROR +96) ee, (Rt etge rt Ri tte) +t 1CRiR, + Pa SCR Qt Ser = Rte TPE SCRA t Re ce SOR + SG RL + SL (E) = RQTRATE? SQ RR. TORE (s ae -) CUR T SQGAaRs t Cy = SRG tORG TI t SCR Rt SOR. Sack t Saar, + 8c, = (ROtRAtTGRIS HRRGGIS? tI SCCSCR, FSGR. t HDECs) S CRGTRG 4 CRs tCRRGG IS 1 Acs) Ts) * @ “ to Cy f ves) —— Vherefne YC) = ie) Where ys) = 6s Ia) Rt a ta 3 RC ts) > vw * Key Sco Rt Rt Te IG) ~GE) = Rs — — 1 serCRr t+ Rt | : Subcttuse Tes) iw the eqpotion vos) = Be Ve | Sea HGR +) SOCRHART TH S (Rear RCs tGR SE + (RR IS 41 Rearmye the eqpaction I Yo. [sc Creer tse, Re Veo “Py CRAB TI ERGOT RG ECR IS Fe GG = MSGR, ¢ RRAGSACRATEGtRads + | Dividing “he Mumeradee ond devemiuede by RRA Gy Covey = te a ao ; , cot ReGia Baty : etc Bore ets + RiRcres - &- [ses Boe | - RO | te tag Bad’ * BREE “Tha raots of the. zeprestion Th Hee devomitadhir oe co abe IF Hae. Sa i > - Cate, ct R aoe Ra) as (Reet Re He) - RRC a a = Ha deta a p> 4 as -* RE) Rea co Se => VOa>= Ra | (sth= eocs* oie L| cee - Cure] Ve -G-pt _ [ vee) eel oe cer | | VO JSpRe %wolure > ve ie ~tL, | Re, RC, Re - ee 4 % RS r [4a mae | oR Arproriwade Values of wie feud one unre tek times Can also be obtained a8 Lo lows : The approxiwede cirait dardse, Cherg vg of load Capacttance by te. gemerdor Gapacdance is ag Sollee» R, Here Ra Ts Regleeted aut he Hwa Taken fe Orerajng, ho Vetus Is approxwedely 2 Hwos(2.4¢) Hho +e tates a he hace 3 . AG tp = AAR, aaa Durke, dir charge G and G are iw prralleh aust & aud [Rees covers tee OBCR TR JCC tc.) SZ OFR Cat) vce Ror R,Erawmpte Noveslage cea a/ SOps Wor. Waputge Volleage [GokVC peak) Woy. Cred Every, . 2kWs Wage affivenry MK Load Capacitance : looopF Coleulede The valur of Rat eR, Tee eR, Stee c ta Need Ue Catre t Cy A)= zd CQ Ve" And We Fo/, vy, = 1eEVY 2 aevky Se ae a = Oak aa Given Te => 246 RP, Cite, > KR, = 409.452. Te = OFR RC UFO) SDR = ON DSFeugie : Wayeshope : ha [v8 Wor lwpwse Votlege [Gov Cpear) Mens Fok Bueryy DEW s = LET Vo Venge Eyyeey . eX Load Copec tenes. a looo rt Colualede he vad of Ry at Ry. Gren Kets Tp = 2.7% & 3 1 na Need He Valve Ac Cre We = te, Vv ound oO oO we &o/, we aly = ye = ICR. sooty ee Gey. Dog = SMe . axe? Ver (20 k)* os c = OV mE ye =3 Gre & 2 2-46 R, 10a Cyt => Bt 404 aS Sima Te > O93 Ra Cer + — RB = GaneMust, lmputse Genorector~ - In order -y obtain bighor uct higher Tmaputse Vo Heise.» ® Svgle Sage reat Ig inconvenient Re the Fovouiryy Teovone : a «Hoa phytieal eve. +t Abe Cirait Cevroucks becomes vey large high dec. Charging Ve Vage Ts Pequied Suppression, of Cormna discherges a Stuctue and leads during the Cherayvg pred ic APB | " Seoibclhing of vary high Ve Hage with Spark Ops is chew — Ta 1428 E. Mary Suggested a rout plier cireuitt which ts Commonly used +o e@btain Tmpuise Ve Hages youth ag Irgh a peak Volue as possible ke a given de Charging Ve Hage .= The tm capacitors C, are Charged to the charging voltage Ve Paroush He high Chery ing Yesitter Re Ww paral. ~ Wolon alt Ave gaps G break down , the Ci! CapacHantes are tomnected ih Senet 25 Heat Cr is Chorged through Hho. gers Connection of aU wave fruit vertices Ry ~ Frralty ahi Gland GQ wl) dircharge tarough Has restttor Ri and Ri © Re > RD Rd — lw order “Heck Marx Great Operates towsizteadtty tt is essentral cho oxyust Ho isting between Varrong plore Gaps Sucl Alek the Brot ap Gon slighty less thon Wat of G. and So on, ———— »