International Phonetic Alphabet

The IPA is a universally established and standardized set of codes or system that can be used to
represent the sounds of human speech. It can be employed in transcribing the speech sounds of any
language. There are varied phonemes in a language: vowels, consonants, diphthongs, triphthongs,
pauses or junctures, stress, and intonation.
1. Vowel Phonemes are the sounds produced by the articulation of the mouth without any oral
impediment.
2. Diphthongs and Triphthongs --- Diphthongs are two vowel phonemes combined to0 produce
the correct sound of a syllable while a triphthong is a monosyllable that contains three vowel phonemes.
Diphthongs are present in some of the local languages; however, triphthongs are apparently not part of
Philippine languages.

The Morphological System

The second component of language is the morpheme. The morphological system studies the
smallest unit of meaning called morphemes. There is a free morpheme which functions independently
and is considered as the root word, e.g. pencil, rain, study. Another kind is the bound morpheme which
must be used with other morphemes such as affixes or