Types of Microscope Stand vertical support for the microscope

Based on the Number of Lens System

• Simple (e.g. magnifying glass, film Objective Lenses produces intermediate
projector) image
• Compound has eyepiece and objectives
1. Dry objectives
Based on the Number Of Eye Piece
• Scanner (red band, 4x)
• Monocular has one ocular • LPO (yellow band, 10x)
• Binocular has two oculars • HPO (blue band, 40x)
2. Wet objective
Parts of the Microscope • OIO (oil immersion objective) increase
refractive index, better resolution, uses
Eyepiece/Ocular
cedarwood lens
• magnifies intermidiate image formed in the ⎯ white band, 100x
objectives by 10x
• limit the viewing field to focus on a particular
area of the slide
Total magnification of lens depends on the
magnification power (MP) of the lenses of the
eyepiece and objectives
= ocularMP x objectiveMP

Interpupillary Control
• structure in the middle of eyepiece, common
in compound microscope
• lateral adjustment of eyepiece
Numerical Aperture (NA)
• angle of light captured
• light gathering ability of lens in the
objective
• higher NA, better resolution
Resolution ability to differentiate differences
between two closely situated objects
Working Distance distance between lens of
objective and coverslip

✓ NA and resolution has direct proportion

Optical Tube
• where the intermediate image is formed
• length [of 160 mm] corresponds to the
distance of the eyepiece and objectives
Neck or Arm provides mechanical site of
attachment for the revolving nosepiece
Revolving Nosepiece
• holds the objectives
• facilitates shifting/changing objectives
✓ Magnification power is inversely related to
viewing field.
✓ Scanner has higher viewing field.
✓ HPO has lower viewing field.
Stage supports specimen slide
Stage Clip secures specimen slide onto the
stage
Stage Control Knob or X and Y navigate
specimen slide vertical and horizontal
Focus controls (focus control knob)
Coarse adjustment knob biggermove
clockwise in integrated type, initial focus
Fine adjustment knob usually on the middle of
coarse, move counterclockwise in integrated
type, final focus, contrast/resolution
Condenser gathers, concentrates light, and
direct light to specimen
Iris Diaphragm/Aperture Diaphragm
• regulates "amount" of light
• below the condenser
• lever regulating angle of light entering the
condenser
• balance between contrast and resolution
• wider, higher resolution or narrow, higher
contrast
• contrast ability to enhance specific details in
the cell

Rheostat regulates "intensity" of light

Light Source
• provides light
• LED is ideal as it is efficient compared to
halogen

OIO (oil immersion objective) usually used for

magnifying blood

Types of OIO
• Type A low viscosity oil (dark, fluorescent
microscopy)
• Type B high viscosity oil (usually used,
bright light microscopy)
• Type C very high (inclined microscopy)

Refractive Index velocity of light travelling air

over velocity of light travelling specimen
Cedarwood Oil direct light to objective