..

L.2!T -2/EEE Date: 23/01/2021

BANGLADESH UNIVER~ITY OF ENGINEE'3ING ANp TE~~~OLOGY, BUET
L-2!T-2 B.Sc. Engineering Examinations 2019-2020
Sub: ME 267 (Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals)
Full Marks: 180 Time: 2 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Symbols used have their usual meaning and interpretation.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE

1. (a) Depict the actual valve-timing diagram of a four-stroke petrol engine. What is the (10)
purpose of the changes done from the ideal valve-timing diagram?

(b) An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of the. compression
process, air is at 95 kPa and 27'C, and 750 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the (20)
constant-volume heat-addition process. Using specific heat values at room temperature,
determine (a) the pressure and temperature at the end of the heat addition process, (b)
the net work output, (c) the thernial efficiency, arid (d) the mean effective pressure for
the cycle.

[The properties of air at room temperature are cp = 1.005 kJ/kg'K, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg'K, R
= 0.287 kJ/kg.K, and k = 1.4]

2. (a) What are the functions of an air handling unit in central air conditioning system. Illustrate (15)
with necessary schematic diagram.

(b) Describe the working principle of a magnetic refrigeration system with schematic (15)
diagram.

3. (a) Why gas turbines are used in aircraft instead of other internal combustion engines in
(15)
spite of their lower thermal efficiency? Differentiate among Turbojet, Turboprop and
Turbofan Gas Turbines. .

(b) Draw the block diagram and T-s diagram of a gas turbine with two-stage compression
(15) .
with intercooling, three-stage expansion with reheating, and regeneration.

4. (a) Define critical radius of insulation. (5)

Page NO.1

,.
 ••••

(b)
Consider the base plate of a 800-W household iron as shown in Figure for Q. No. 4(b)
=
with a thickness of L 0.6 cm, base area of A =
160 cm2, and thermal conductivity of k (25) =
--------"20.W/m.oC.,-The-inner surface of-the-Base plateis suojectea-to unifOi"fn--heaC"flux---.-----
generated by the resistance heaters inside. When steady operating conditions are
reached, the outer surface temperature of the plate is measured to be 85.C.
Disregarding any heat loss through the upper part of the iron, (a) express the differential
equation and the boundary conditions for steady one-dimensional heat conduction
through the plate, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the base plate
by solving the differential equation, and (c) evaluate the inner surface temperature.

Figure for Q. No. 4(b)

SECTION.B

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE

5. (a) "A heat-engine cycle cannot be completed without rejecting some heat to a low- (20)
temperature sink", explain the term.
(b) Write a short note on de-aeration of condenser.
. (10)

A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure
6. (30)
limits of 15 MPa and 10 KPa. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 12 kg/so
Steam enters both stages of the turbine at 500.C. If the moisture content of the steam at
the exit of the low-pressure turbine is not to exceed 10 percent, determine
(i) the pressure at which reheating takes place
(ii) the total rate of heat input in the boiler
(iii) the thermal efficiency of the cycle .
. Also, show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines.

7. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of Babcock and Wilcox boiler and explain why the water
(20)
tubes are kept inclined in this boiler.

Page NO.2
".
(b) Briefly explain the working principle of steam turbine. (10)

WliafiscavitatiilnTExplainwhyr@ positive suctiOiltieaB avaiialile(NPSHA) musftiave (20)

8. (a)
to be greater than net positive suction head required (NPSHR) for a pump to operate
without cavitation.

(b) Suppose that a fluid is flowing through a 2000m long pipe and the'f1ow is developed. If
(10)
the Reynolds number is 1700 at the inlet of the pipe then find the Reynolds number at
the middle of the pipe.

Page NO.3
L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 07/04/2019

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018

Sub: ME 267 (Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A

There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

Symbols have their usual meanings. Assume reasonable values for any missing data if necessary.
Necessary graphs and tables are attached.

I. (a) Illustrate the effects of the following cases on the efficiency of vapor power cycle with

the help ofT-s diagram. (10)

(i) Superheating of steam
(ii) Change in Condenser pressure
(b) How can we avoid the problem of excessive moisture at the final stage of turbine with

higher boiler pressure? (5)

(c) A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net
power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 550°C and
leaves at 0.8 MPa. Some steam is extracted at this pressure to heat the feed water in an open
feedwater heater. The rest of the steam is reheated to 500°C and is expanded in the low-
pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram, and
determine (i) the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler and (ii) the thermal efficiency of

the cycle. (20)

2. (a) Describe a locomotive boiler with schematic diagram. (15)

(b) Make a comparison between fire tube boiler and water tube boiler. Differentiate between

boiler mountings and accessories with examples. (10)

(c) What are the functions of the following components? (10) .
(i) Safety valve
(ii) Pressure gauge
(iii) Fusible plug
(iv) Feed check valve
(v) Steam stop valve

3. (a) What are the functions of condenser? List the basic elements of a condensing plant.. (7)
(b) Differentiate between jet condenser and surface condenser. Describe the working ofa

high level counter flow jet condenser with schematic diagram. (13)
Contd """"" P/2
ME 483(EEEl
Contd ... O. NO.3

(c) Write short notes on the following (any two) (10)

(i) Fossil fuels
(ii) Pressurized water reactor
(iii) Geothermal energy

(d) What do you mean by the compounding of turbines? (5)

4. (a) What do you understand by thermal contact resistance? What are the factors that affect

thermal contact resistance and how can you Ihinimize it? (10)

(b) Distinguish between free and forced convection heat transfer with necessary examples. (5)
(c) Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.2 m, thermal conductivity k = 1.2 W/moC,
and surface area A = IS mZ• The two sides of the wall are maintained at constant temperature
of T) = 120°C and Tz = 50°C, respectively, as shown in Fig. for Q. No. 4(c). Determine (i)
the variation of temperature within the wall and the value of temperature at x = 0.1 m and (ii)

the rate of heat conduction through the wall under steady conditions . (20)

. Piane:
:~'a1i .
TI
'. :<:~',-<,':.,,/
~:
. ". ::" I T.
".:-:, ~-~~'.:".
//'

I)

Fig. for Q. No. 4(c) 1

,I

SECTION-B

There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

5. Ca) What is "Firing order in IC engine"? Briefly explain the engine operation of 4 Stroke SI

engme. (15)
(b) Explain the following statements: (5)
(i) Exhaust valves are smaller in size.
(ii) Intake and exhaust valves are opened earlier and closed later.
(c) Determine the displacement volume of cylinder, revolution, indicated power and
indicated specific fuel consumption at a Four-stroke Diesel engine where given data are

following: (15)
Contd P/3
•

=3=

ME 267(EEE)
Contd ... Q. No. 5(c)
Number of cylinders: z = 6
Effective mean pressure: Pe = 6.2 bar
Bore: d = 110 mm
Stroke: s = 140 mm
Piston mean velocity: Cm = 8.4 m1s
Mechanical efficiency: llm = 82%
Mass flow rate of fuel: B = 5.53 g/s

6. (a) What is COP? Draw the schematic diagram of Vapor absorption refrigeration system and

explain the process. (15)

(b) Write the industrial name and chemical formula of 3 Halocarbon Refrigerants. What are

the desirable properties for Refrigerants? (8)

(c) What is Split package units in Air conditioning systems? Draw the schematic diagram of

different types of Split package units. (12)

7. (a) What is Back work ratio? Explain the following modifications for gas turbine: (12)
(i) Multistage expansion with reheat
(ii) Multistage compression with intercooling

(b) What is Ram Effect? Briefly explain the Turbojet gas turbine with after-burner. (10)
(c) In a Brayton cycle-based power plant, the air at the inlet is at 27°C, 0.1 MPa. The

pressure ratio is 6.25, the maximum temperature is 800°C and a regenerator of 75%

effectiveness. Find (13)

(i) the compressor work per kg of air
(ii) the turbine work per kg of air
(iii) the heat supplied per kg of air and
(iv) the cycle efficiency.

8. (a) Derive Bernoulli equation along a streamline of a flow field with important validations. (15)
(b) What happens when a centrifugal pump runs dry? What should you do to avoid this

problem? (5)
(c) Write down the considerations you have to make while choosing among fan, blower and
compressor. (3)/J
(d) Through a refinery, fuel ethanol is flowing in a pipe at a velocity of 1 m1s and a pressure
...
of 101300 Pa. The refinery needs the ethanol to be at a pressure of 2 atm (202600 Pa) on a
lower level. How far must the pipe drop in height in order to achieve this pressure? Assume
the velocity does not change. (The density of ethanol is 789 kglm\ Write all the necessary
assumptions. (12)
 .•, Thermodynamic Property Table for Q. No. I(e)

•
TABLE A-5
Saturated water-Pressure table
SpeCIfic ,'o/ume, Interoal energr. Enthalpy. Entrt'PY
~.t.:~(~~. ____k)/kg ~J~kjL __ .__ ~Jik':.K .
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat
Press., temp.. liquid. vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid. Evap., vapor, liquid. Evap.. vapor,

P kPa "_.._~~ ..~~~ . .... v•• .__~_~f_~_~~. ..!!!F_~__ ~ !!.!- !!!.L _~ __~ :~__ _:/;; ~ ~ __
1.0 6.97 0.001000 129.19 29.302 2355.2 2384.5 29.303 2484.4 25137 0.1059 8.8690 8.9749
1.5 13.02 0.001001 87.964 54.686 2338.1 2392.8 54.688 2470.1 2524.7 0.1956 8.6314 8.8270
2.0 17.50 0.001001 66.990 73.431 2325.5 2398.9 73.433 2459.5 2532.9 0.2606 8.4621 8.7227
2.5 21.08 0.001002 54.242 88.422 2315.4 2403.8 88.424 2451.0 2539.4 0.3118 8.3302 8.642 I
3.0 24.08 0.001003 45.654 100.98 2306.9 2407.9 100.98 2443.9 2544.8 0.3543 8.2222 8.5765
4.0 28.96 0.001004 34.791 121.39 2293.1 2414.5 121.39 2432.3 2553.7 0.4224 8.0510 8.4734
5.0 32.87 0.001005 28.185 137.75 2282.1 2419.8 137.75 2423.0 2560.7 0.4762 7.9176 8.3938
7.5 40.29 0.001008 19.233 168.74 2261.1 2429.8 168.75 2405.3 2574.0 0.5763 7.6738 8.2501
10 45.81 0.001010 14.670 191.79 2245.4 2437.2 191.81 2392.1 2583.9 0.6492 7.4996 8.1488
15 53.97 0.001014 10.020 225.93 2222.1 2448.0 225.94 2372.3 2598.3 0.7549 7.2522 8.0071
20 60.06 0.001017 7.6481 251.40 2204.6 2456.0 251.42 2357.5 2608.9 0.8320 7.0752 7.9073
25 64.96 0.001020 6.2034 271.93 2190.4 2462.4 271.96 2345.5 2617.5 0.8932 6.9370 7.8302
30 69.09 0.001022 5.2287 289.24 2178.5 2467.7 289.27 2335.3 2624.6 0.9441 6.8234 7.7675
40 75.86 0.001026 3.9933 317.58 2158.8 2476.3 317.62 2318.4 2636.1 1.0261 6.6430 7.6691
50 81.32 0.001030 3.2403 340.49 2142.7 2483.2 340.54 2304.7 2645.2 1.0912 6.5019 7.5931
800 170.41 0.001115 0.24035 719.97 1856.1 2576.0 720.87 2047.5 2768.3 2.0457 4.6160 6.6616
850 172.94 0.001118 0.22690 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 27708 2.0705 4.5705 66409
900 175.35 0.001121 0.21489 741.55 1838.1 2579.6 742.56 2030.5 2773.0 2.0941 4.5273 6.6213
950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 1829.6 2581.3 752.74 2022.4 2775.2 2.1166 4.4862 6.6027
1000 179.88 0.001127 0.19436 761.39 1821.4 2582.8 762.51 2014.6 2777.1 2.1381 4.4470 6.5850
1100 184.06 0.001133 0.17745 779.78 1805.7 2585.5 781.03 1999.6 2780.7 2.1785 4.3735 6.5520
1200 187.96 0.001138 0.16326 796.96 1790.9 2587.8 798.33 1985.4 2783.8 2.2159 4.3058 6.5217
1300 191.60 0.001144 0.15119 813.10 1776.8 2589.9 814.59 1971.9 2786.5 2.2508 4.2428 6.4936
1400 . 195.04 0.001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4.1840 6.4675
1500 198.29 0.001154 0.13171 842.82 1750.6 2593.4 844.55 1946.4 2791.0 2.3143 4.1287 6.4430
1750 205.72 0.001166 0.11344 876.12 1720.6 2596.7 878.16 1917.1 2795.2 2.3844 4.0033 6.3877
2000 212.38 0.001177 0.099587 906.12 1693.0 2599.1 908.47 1889.8 2798.3 2.4467 3.8923 6.3390
2250 218.41 0.001187 0.088717 933.54 1667.3 2600.9 936.21 1864.3 2800.5 2.5029 3.7926 6.2954
2500 223.95 0.001197 0.079952 958.87 1643.2 2602.1 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 2.5542 3.7016 6.2558
3000 233.85 0.001217 0.066667 1004.6 1598.5 2603.2 1008.3 1794.9 2803.2 2.6454 3.5402 6.1856

Thermodynariiic'Property Table for Q. No. I(c)

!)
\
V,
\
TABLE A-6
Su erheated water
T v u h 5 V u h 5 v u 11 5
.C m'/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K m'/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K m'/kg kJ/kg ...J<J/kg kJikg.K ..

p = 0.50 MPa (151.83'CI P = 0.60 MPa (158.83.CI P = 0.80 MP. (170AI"CI

Sat. 0.37483 2560.7 2748.1 6.8207 0.31560 2566.8 2756.2 6.7593 0.240352576.0 2768.3 6.6616
200 0.42503 2643.3 2855.8 7.0610 0.35212 2639.4 2850.6 6.9683 0.260882631.1 2839.8 6.8177
250 0.47443 2723.8 2961.0 7.2725 0.39390 2721.2 2957.6 7.1833 0.293212715.9 2950.4 7.0402
300 0.52261 2803.3 3064.6 7.4614 0.43442 2801.4 3062.0 7.3740 0.324162797.5 3056.9 7.2345
350 0.57015 2883.0 3168.1 7.6346 0.47428 2881.6 3166.1 7.5481 0.354422878.6 3162.2 7.4107
400 0.61731 2963.7 3272.4 7.7956 0.51374 2962.5 3270.8 7.7097 0.384292960.2 3267.7 7.5735
500 0.71095 3129.0 3484.5 8.0893 0.59200 3128.2 3483.4 8.0041 0.44332 3126.6 3481.3 7.8692
600 0.80409 3300.4 3702.5 8.3544 0.66976 3299.8 3701.7 8.2695 0.501863298.7 3700.1 8.1354
700 0.89696 3478.6 3927.0 8.5978 0.74725 3478.1 3926.4 8.5132 0.56011 3477.2 3925.3 8.3794
800 0.98966 3663.6 4158.4 8.8240 0.82457 3663.2 4157.9 8.7395 0.618203662.5 4157.0 8.6061
900 1.08227 3855.4 4396.6 9.0362 0.90179 3855.1 4396.2 8.9518 0.676193854.5 4395.5 8.8185
1000 1.17480 4054.0 4641.4 9.2364 0.97893 4053.8 4641.1 9.1521 0.734114053.3 4640.5 9.0189
1100 1.26728 4259.0 4892.6 9.4263 1.05603 4258.8 4892.4 9.3420 0.791974258.3 4891.9 9.2090
1200 1.35972 4470.0 5149.8 9.6071 1.13309 4469.8 5149.6 9.5229 0.849804469.4 5149.3 9.3898
1300 1.45214 4686.6 5412.6 9.7797 1.21012 4686.4 5412.5 9.6955 0.90761 4686.1 5412.2 95625

___ ~=JlJl MP. 1~Q.335'C)___ P = 100 MP. 131LOO.C) p ~ 12.5 MPi'l (327.81°Cl
Sat. 0.020489 2558.5 2742.9 5.6791 0.018028 2545.2 2725.5 5.6159 0.013496 2505.6 2674.3 5.4638
325 0.023284 2647.6 2857.1 5.8738 0.019877 2611.6 2810.3 5.7596
350
400
0.0258162725.0 2957.3
0.029960 2849.2 3118.8
6.0380
6.2876
0.022440
0.026436
2699.6
2833.1
2924.0 5.9460 0.016138 2624.9 2826.6 5.7130 ,.
3097.5 6.2141 0.020030 2789.6 3040.0 6.0433
450 0.033524 2956.3 3258.0 6.4872 0.029782 2944.5 3242.4 6.4219 0.023019 2913.7 3201.5 6.2749
500 0.0367933056.3 3387.4 6.6603 0.032811 3047.0 3375.1 6.5995 0.025630 3023.2 3343.6 6.4651
550 0.039885 3153.0 3512.0 6.8164 0.035655 3145.4 3502.0 6.7585 0.028033 3126.1 3476.5 6.6317
600 0.042861 3248.4 3634.1 6.9605 0.038378 3242.0 3625.8 6.9045 0.030306 3225.8 3604.6 6.7828
650 0.0457553343.4 3755.2 7.0954 0.041018 3338.0 3748.1 7.0408 0.032491 3324.1 3730.2 6.9227
700 0.048589 3438.8 3876.1 7.2229 0.043597 3434.0 3870.0 7.1693 0.034612 3422.0 3854.6 7.0540
800 0.0541323632'0 4119.2 7.4606 0.048629 3628.2 4114.5 7.4085 0.038724 3618.8 4102.8 7.2967
900 0.0595623829',6, \4365.7 7.6802 0.053547 3826.5 4362.0 7.6290 0.042720 3818.9 4352.9 7.5195
1000 0.0649194032.4'4616.7 7.8855 0.058391 ,4029.9 4613.8 7.8349 0.046641 4023.5 4606.5 7.7269
1100 0.070224 4240.7 4872.7 8.0791 0.063183 4238.5 4870.3 8.0289 0.050510 4233.1 4864.5 7.9220
1200 0.0754924454.2 5133.6 8.2625 0.067938 4452.4 5131.7 '8.2126 0.054342 4447.7 5127.0 8.1065
1300 0.0807334672.9 5399.5 8.4371 0.072667 4671.3 5398.0 8.3874 0.058147 4667.3 5394.1 8.2819
L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 27/02/2018
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2016-2017

Sub: ME 267 (Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Necessary graphs and ~bl~s are attached.

1. (a) Show that the theoretical pressure head rise across a centrifugal pump is given by- (15)

H = u~ _ u2 Vn2 cot ~2
I g g
The notations have their usual meaning.
(b) A centrifugal water pump rotates at 2500 rpm. The impeller has uniform blade
widths bl = 11 mm, b2 = 5 mm, and radii rl = 21 mm, r2 = 66 mm. The blade angles are
PI = 44°, P2 = 30°. Assuming ideal conditions (frictionless flow, negligible vane
thickness, perfect guidance), with UI = 90° (no pre-rotation), determine (i) the
discharge, theoretical head, required power, and pressure rise across the impe~ler, and
(ii) the theoretical head-discharge curve. Use water as the fluid. (15)
(c) "A pressure relief valve should be mounted at the outlet of a positive displacement
pump as a safety measure", is it true? Briefly explain you answer. (5)

2. (a) "Low density of refrigerant is always preferable", is it true? Briefly explain your
answer. (5)
(b) A vapour compression refrigeration machine of 12 ton of refrigeration capacity has
evaporator and condenser temperatures of -28°C and 26°C. The refrigerant R-12 is
subcooled by 4°C before entering the expansion valve and the vapour is superheated
by 5°C before leaving the evaporator. The compression is isentropic and the expansion
is isenthalpic. The properties ofR-12 are given below: (15)
Sp. volume Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg.K
Sat. Temp, Pressure,
of vapour,
°C bar Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
m3/kg
-28 1.093 0.1475 10.64 175.11 0.0444 0.7153
26 6.697 0.0262 60.67 198.11 0.2271 0.6865

The specific heat of liquid R-12 is 0.963 kJ/kg.K and of vapour R-12 is 0.615 kJ/kg.K.
Determine:
(i) Theoretical power required.
(ii) Mass of refrigerant to be circulated per min.
(iii) The coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle.
Contd P/2
 =2=
ME 267/EEE
Contd ... Q. No.2

(c) The operating temperatures of a lithium bromide-water absorption system are as

follows: (15)
Generator 100°C
Condenser 35°C
Evaporator 5°C
Absorber 30°C
The mass flow rate delivered by the pump is 0.4 kg/so The specific heat of water
vapour is 1.86 kJ/kg.K. Calculate-
(i) The heat supplied to the generator.
(ii) . The heat rejected at the condenser and absorber.
(iii) The cooling produced by the evaporator.
(iv) The coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle.

3. (a) How can the efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle be increased? Describe with the

help of a T-s diagram. (15)

(b) A power plant operates on a regenerative vapor power cycle with one close feed
water heater. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 12 MPa, 520°C and expands to
1 MPa, where some of the steam is extracted and diverted to the close feed water
heater operating at 1 MPa. The remaining steam expands through the second turbine
stage to the condenser pressure of 6 kPa. Assume that the feed water leaves the heater
at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and that the extracted steam
leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the line carrying the feed water.
Show the cycle on a T-s diagram, and determine (i) the thermal efficiency and (ii) the

mass flow rate into the first turbine stage, in kg/h, for a net power output of 330 MW. (20)

4. (a) Show that in a Pelton turbine the power delivered by the fluid to the turbine runner

can be expressed as- (15)

The notations have their usual meaning.

(b) Briefly describe the working principle of an evaporative condenser with neat \. )

sketch. (16)
(c) Neatly sketch a schematic diagram of a steam condensing plant and label it. (10)

Contd P/3
 . "

=3=

ME 267/EEE

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Symbols have their usual meanings.
Assume a reasonable value of any missing data if necessary.

5. (a) Discuss some applications of electronics in a modem internal combustion engine. (5)
(b) With the help of a schematic diagram briefly explain how the engine cooling

system works. (10)

(c) In a Diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15. Compression begins at 0.1 MPa,
40°C. The heat added is 1.675 MJ/kg. Find (i) the maximum temperature in the cycle,
(ii) work done per kg of air, (iii) the cycle efficiency, (iv) the temperature at the end of
the isentropic expansion, (v) the cut-off ratio and (vi) the MEP of the cycle. Take

Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg.K, cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and Ru = 8.314 kJ/kg.mole.K. (20)

6. (a) Show the gas power cycles (Otto, Diesel and Brayton cycle) on the P-v and T-s
diagrams. Also distinguish between them in a table. (Assume all the cycles as air

standard cycle.) (10)

(b) Present a gas turbine with three stage compressors with intercoolers and two stage

turbines with a reheater in a schematic diagram and T-s diagram. (8)

(c) Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. operates their power plant unit GTI using a
gas turbine whose capacity is 56 MW. The following are maintained during the

operation of their gas turbine unit: (17)

Turbine inlet air temperature 27°C
Turbine inlet air pressure 0.1 MPa
Pressure ratio 6.25
Maximum temperature inside the turbine 800°C

Using air standard Brayton cycle analysis, find:

(i) the compressor work per kg of air,
(ii) the turbine work per kg of air,
(iii) the heat supplied per kg of air, and
(iv) the cycle efficiency.
Take Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg.K, cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and Ru = 8.314 kJ/kg.mole.K.

Contd P/4
 .•~

=4=

ME 267/EEE

7. (a) What do you understand by critical radius of insulation? Show necessary

mathematical formulation to obtain a critical radius of insulation for an electric wire

insulated using a plastic covering. (10)

(b) Four identical power transistors with aluminum casing are attached on one side of a
I-cm-thick 20-cm x 20-cm square copper plate (k = 386 W/m.K) by screws that exert
an average pressure of 5 MPa (Fig. for Q. No. 7(b)). The base area of each transistor is
8 cm2, and each transistor is placed at the center of a IO-cm x lO-cm quarter section of
the plate. The interface roughness is estimated to be about 1.5 !-Lm.All transistors are
covered by a thick Plexiglas layer, which is a poor conductor of heat, and thus all the
heat generated at the junction of the transistor must be dissipated to the ambient at
20°C through the back surface of the copper plate. The combined convection/radiation
heat transfer coefficient at the back surface can be taken to be 25 W/m2.K. If the case
temperature of the transistor is not to exceed 70°C, determine the maximum power
each transistor can dissipate safely, and the temperature jump at the case-plate
interface. (Consider the thermal contact conductance of copper-aluminum interface as

he = 42,000 W/m2.K) (15) .

I
I

, 70°C

Fig. for Question no. 7(b)

L----

(c) Mention five major sources of renewable energy. Discuss them in the context of
Bangladesh. In your discussion, construct a table"showing their relative advantages and
disadvantages, their present application status in Bangladesh and whether they are

feasible or not in case of Bangladesh. (10)

Contd PIS
 =5=
ME 267/EEE

8. (a) Classify the following boilers based on working pressure, boiler axis, installation

type and tube containment (water/fire) in a table. (10)

(i) Cochran Boiler,
(ii) Lancashire Boiler,
(iii) Cornish Boiler,
(iv) Locomotive Boiler,
(v) Babcock and Wilcox Boiler.
(b) Identify the following components as boiler mountings or accessories and mention

their two important featllfes. (10)

(i) Steam stop valve,
(ii) Feed water pump,
(iii) Air preheater,
(iv) Economiser.
(c) Show a nuclear power plant III a schematic diagram and mention its major

advantages and disadvantages. (10)

(b) High pressure boilers are normally water tube boilers. Why? (5)
 .- .- .~ _ .•••, •••• j •. -

~.,tv\E 2.6=1IF:. 'tt: -

-6--
,/~

if.,
~~
t
~aturated water-Temperature table
--
'
Q
.
r~,. Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
.m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg . K
,
.1
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
.Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquId, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
TOG Psat kPa v, vg u, U'g ug hf htg hg Sf Sg
Sfg

0.01 0.6117 0.001000 206.00 0.000 2374.9 2374.9 0.001 2500.9 2500.9 0.0000 9.1556 9.1556
5 0.8725 0.001000 147.03 21.019 2360.8 2381.8 21.020 .2489,1 2510.1 0.0763 8.9487 9.0249
10 1.2281 0.001000 106.32 42.020 2346.6 2388.7 42.022 2477.2 2519.2 . 0.1511 . 8.7488 8.8999
15 1;7057 0.001001 77.885 62.980 2332.5 2395.5 62.982 2465;4- 2528.3 0.2245. 8.5559 8;7803
20 2.3392 0.001002 57.762 83.913 2318.4 2402.3 83.915 2453.5 2537.4 0.2965 8.3696 8.6661
25 3.1698 0.001003 43.340 104.83 2304.3 2409.1 104.83 2441.7 2546.5 0.3672 8.1895 8.5567
30 4.2469 0.001004 32;879 125.73 2290.2 2415.9 125.74 2429.8 2555.6 0.4368 8.0152 8.4520.;..
35 5.6291 0.001006 25.205 146.63 2276.0 2422.7 146.64 2417.9 2564.6 0.5051 7.8466 8.35.17
40 7.3851 0.001008 19.515 167.53 2261.9 2429.4 167.53 2406.0 2573.5 0.5724 7.6832 8.2556
45 9.5953 0.001010 15.251 188.43 2247.7 2436.1 188.44 2394.0 2582.4 0.6386 7.5247 8.1633
50 12.352 0.001012 12.026 209.33 2233.4- 2442.7 209.34 2382.0 2591.3 0.7038 7.3710 8.0748
55 15.763 0.001015 9.5639 230.24 2219.1 2449.3 230.26 2369.8 2600.1 0.7680 7.2218 7.9898
60 .19.947 0.001017 7.6670 251.16 2204.7 2455.9 251.18 2357.7 2608.8 0.8313 7.0769 7.9082
65 25.043 0.001020 6.1935 272.09 2190.3 2462.4 272.12 2345.4 2617.5 0.8937 6.9360 7.8296
70 31.202 0.001023 5.0396 293.04 21l5.8 2468.9 293.07 2333.0 2626.1 0.9551 6.7989 7.7540
75 38.597 0.001026 4.1291 313.99 216L3 2475.3 314.03 2320.6 2634.6 1.0158 6.6655 7.6812
80 47.416 0.001029 3.4053 3~4.97 . 2146.6 2481.6 335.02 2308.0 2643.0 1.07~6 6.5355 7.6111
85 . 57.868 0.001032 2.8261 355.96 2131.9 . 2487.8 356.02 2295.3 2651.4 1.1346 6.4089 7.5435
90 70.183 0.001036 2.3593 376:97 2117.0 .2494.0 377.04 2282.5 2659.6 1.1929 6.2853 7.4782
95 84.609 0.001040 1.9808 398.00 2102.0 2500.1 398.09 2269.6 2667.6 1,2504 6.1647 7.415:]:
100 101.42 0.001043 . 1.6720 419.06 2087.0 2506.0 419.17 '2~56.4 2675.6 1.3072 6.0470 7.3542
105 120.90 0.001047 1.4186 440.15 2071:8 2511.9 440.28 2243.1 2683.4 1.3634 5.9319 7.2952
110 143.38 0.001052 1.2094 461.27 205i5.4 2517.7 461.42 2229.7 2691.1 1.4188 5.8193 7.2382
115 169.18 0.001056 1.0360 482.42 2040.9 2523.3 482.59 2216.0 2698.6 1.4737 5.7092 7.1829
120 198.67 0.001060 0.89133 503.60 2025.3 2528,9 503.81 2202.1 2706.0 1.5279 5.6013 7.1292
125 232.23 0.001065 0.77012 524.83 2009.6 2534.3 525.07 2188.1 2713.1 1.5816 5.4956 7.0771
130 270.28 0.00i070 0.66808 546.10 1993.4 2539.5 .546.38 . 2173.7 2720.1 1.6346 5.3919 7.0265
135 313.22 0.001075 0.58179 567.41 1977.3 2544.7 567.75 2159.1 2726.9 1.6872 5.2901 6.9773
140 361.53 0.00.1080 . 0.50850 588.77 1960.9 2549.6 .589.16 2144.3 2733.5 1.7392 5.1901 6.9294
145 415.68 0.001085 .0.44600 610.19 1944.2 2554.4 610.64 2129.2 2739.8 1.7908 5.0919 6.8827
,
150 476.16 0.001091 0.39248 631.66 1927.4 2559.1 632.18 2113.8 2745.9 1.8418 4.9953 6.8371
155 543.49 0.001096 0.34648 653.19 1910.3 2563.5 653.79 2098.0 2751.8 1.8924 4.9002 6.7927.
160 618.23 6.001102 . 0.30680 674.79 1893.0 2567.8 675.47 2082.0. 2757.5 1.9426 4.8066 6.7492
165 700.93 0.001108 0.27244. 696.46 1875.4 2571.9 697.24 2065.6 2762.8 1.9923 4.7143 6.7067
170 792.18 0.001114 0.24260 718.20 1857.5 2575.7 719.08 2048.8 2767.9 2.0417 4.6233 6.6650
.. t'
175 892.60 0.001121 0.21659 740.02 1839.4 2579.4 741.02 2031.7 2772.7 2.0906 4.5335 6.6242
180 1002.8 0.001127 0.19384 761.92 1820.9 2582.8 763.05 2014.2 2777.2 2.1392 4.4448 6.5841
185 1123.5 0.001134 0.17390 783.91 1802.1 2586.0 785.19 1996.2 2781.4 2.1875 4.3572 6.5447
190 1255.2 0:001141 0.15636 806.00 ' 1783.0 2589.0 807.43 1977.9 2785.3. 2.2355 4.2705 6.5059
195 1398.8 0.001149 0.14089 828.18 1763.6 2591.7 829.78 1959.0 2788.8 2.2831 4.1847 6.4678
200 1554.9 0.001157 0.12721 850.46 1743.7 2594.2 852.26 1939.8 2792.0 2.3305 4.099.7 6.4302

rt'ob\e do~ &,N()-02.~)

 .. _~.......•
~- ,,_ '~~.;;- ,.~~

•
. .". "~

~
rt1
£QUA-nONS

I. T = l:~8)(" + .,..l:~A.x' Solutio" temp., .C ~

0"
2. l' = IT _ ~~B)("}/~~A.x" Refrigerant temp., .C

3.\og P=C+Drl + Err'. F =kl'a; r =K l~O

~
4.1'= ~'2E tiT
D+[D2~4E(C - logP}flS
"" = HlO7 55 B. = 124.937 C = 7.05
100
\i1
A, = 0.169 76
", = -3.133 326 E-03
8, = -7.716 49
B, = 0.152286
o = --1596.49
E, = -104 095S
rrr
A, = 1.97668 E-05 B; = -7.950 90 E-04
RANGE: -IS < T < IlO'C I- 50
S< T< 175'-(;
40
'45 < X < 70% LiBr
V:>

f?j
y.
30 ~
•.
g"
20 ""
-a
~
I '(l

I 10 ;9 ,.., I
-U
"
v 17.
'l' •.
?;; "0

'i
v/y/
c-
V> ~ rt'r-,-.
I" 5
a
~
III
"
~ ~ .1_1." . __1- ....• .4__
:I
(/

'/
,..-/Y}
f.-' ,T i
f-
~/./(A -'"-\ -
i i 'I.
-to ~

30 40 SO
+-+-+-.+-!-
I
60
I I I I
.L
70 &0 90
I
100
I
! '

"0 '20
f '30 '40 ISO
ti .60 170 180

Reprinted by pennissioil
FIGURE B3

from ASHRAE, 1997 (page 19.85).

Solution temperau-'re. 'C

Equilibrium chart for aqueous lithium bromide solutions

I
'~:.:~~;~.':.."~~.,..._....,;;:,.,..;,~-~~;~~~;;,.:~~:;;"~;~:::,.;>
..".",~~~ ~;;';'-;~;~~:;:;:"'':;;;':;::;'~;;;:'':;'-';7"~.:;;,~:;:,:;-;..>:::_~~~.;:;;;.;;.:;;.;;:-;.::.:..-;;;:~~~~/;?+;::''''.;{;-::~~-:tc!:.''V:!''£'''~''~~~~';.~'''''~-'';''=~~' __'_~~_'.-".-
 8=
~_ -_.-_'-=--=-~~=~::::::--:--:---
[-:.:-A-p~pe-n-d-iX-'-B-':-,' -Re-fl-'i-ge-'-an-[-':'-P-ro-p-e-r[-;e-S----- __ -_-_'_--_ --~:-,------.---- -_-,-j

!
A -'I
.~
.2o
.,

1.'
!~ :

,.
,Lithium: bromid~ concentration. mass percent
Conce.ntration range Temperature range
Equations
40 < X < 'j()% LlBr 15 <1' < 165°C

h;;" I::A"Xi, + Tr..:B"x" + r r:c"x" in kJlkg. where T = °C and X ,. %LiBr

Bo 18,2829 Co -3.7008214E-2
Ao'.:'7, - 2024.33'
A, <=' 163.309 B, -1.1691757 Cj 2.8877666E~3
~2 -4.8816]" BI 3,24804]E-2 C2 = -8.1313015E-5
'~:i = 6.302948E~2 B3 -4.0341 84E-4 C) 9.9116628E-7
A4:,,:-:2,913705E-4 B. J.8520569E-6 C4 = .;.4.4441207E~9

FIGUREB4 Enthalpy-concentration diagram for waterl1il~ium bromide solutions.

Reprinted by permission from ASHRAE, 1997 (page 19.84).

 -? - -""':.
,

. ..-. - ~.'~"
"
..:~.. -:- '. ".-
: ,.....:.:. ~ " ',. ...•., .
.:...:.~.'_.,..: •••••.:...:.:.:.:..-: .••.••..•~"'>J~

.._ •••••
"

M ••• ,.# ••• __ •••••••

_.~.

..~_:-~-_
..-....
,.:=::~:;:~~"~*:~~~~
.•
'----
...
~
.. . -. . '.

Table C.2b Saturated Water, Pressure Table (Metric Units)

. ..:.-)
5> .
.er
~
(\)

,~

.(,.

SZ>
z
c:>
I

o
(,).
D
~

458.4 2232.0 2690,4 1.4112 .. 5:8360 7.2472

0.14 109.3. 0.001051 1,237 458.2 2517.3
475;3 2221.2 . 2696.5 1:4553 .' 5,7472 .' 7.2025
0:16 113.3 0.001054 1.091 475.2 2521.8 ..
490.7 2211.1 2701:8 1.4948' 5.6683 . 7.1631
116.9 0.001058 0.9775 490.5 2525.9."
0.18

. ~.' , .,;.--,-.-:- .•...-::.., ..

':..:,["
'.
..... .: .... ; -_ .

?7
SL
' .. ~

.~ .

.$2'::>' ..
z
o
1 0.001611
o 0.001711
IN 0.001840
0100203I~
/iY
'C/
'--••• ~'~I~~-.i.MiD-:s~~'t,~!~~J";::'~~~,~.>..~*,,:fr..;:-~.,,:;,::,.;,:::-
-.l ••. .•..
"?.4~~?';~.J:>_;;,~~,:,~.";_~.;,.-..
.••••.
,..,.;>"',"')I~~:t!~j-;""",,,,":';"~.r""""""''''',_~-.''''''''-_M~ n' .,_~.".
T"

Note: Saturated liquid entropies have been adjusted to make the Gibbs functions of the liquid and vapor phases exactly equal. For this.reason, there are some smali'differences.between'values
presented here and the original tables. . . . . . .... ,.. .: .
Sources: Reprinted by permission from Reynolds, W. C., Perkins, H.C. Engineering ThermOdynamics, second ed., 1977, McGraw-Hili, New York. Recalculated frOm'equations.giVen in Keenan, J. H,
Keyes, F. G., Hill, P. G., Moore, J. G. Steam Tables. Wiley, New York, 1969. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . ... . .

..",'.;
'.' o:~. .".
..
 -~~ . u,kJlk;
2564.5 ;~;6.~ 2726.1 ;~:~ ;~~~ ~~~ ;;;;6'.~ 3129.2 ;;1~.~ ;;;'2 .~~~;'.9 ~~.5.;;9 ~I:~W"I$ t~
0.4 143.6
( ) 2752.8
h, kJlkg 2860.5 2964.2 3066.7 3169.6 3273.4 3378.4 3484.9 3592.9 3702.4 3926.5 4157.4 -4395.1 r:~
,;-''',",''. ~
'11
-
('> •.~41""l~~<}~3
:'" r.~!.'\ ~,c _.
5, kJ/(kg.K)
» "'~~ ._
•.•..
6.9307 :7.1714
1. - _ - ~~ - ,':0- ~_ ,'="'~'_~""""'"
$~&~~c.,'t~,~~~.("~"~n~"~~An''>Cl.,<>~'''''';n'"~
7.3797
",.... _...••.•..
JIo••.•.
'~ ••".
7.5670
.•. ~':!e""'''''''''''''~ ,...,
7.7390
•..,..". '. ~
7.8992
.• '.~c:r.~..
8.0497
_ ~~'_~ _
8.1921
~ ••.••
1~'::'~
•• ~~,A~"''''<'~''<~.,~.;w&;n'''''~~!iirt'...w:i.''n~~.'''''"'1i:O~,,~~ •
8.3274
'_ ~ _'
..~
8.4566
::tr~ .•.'!"=t''+o~-:; • >!'.tJ?:
8.6995
""'""_ :~.
~'~.m.''''M~~".''''''n.7A7~Vrr;&'l;'n.MA~~~~A7~
8.9253
l,~'''''''_.''
9.1370
-'~~. - •.-
~}~'t
.m3"i<.?
"~H'''.~ l
(~ \.-:-' .li~f'~~~-ii.tffi~stkj/(I!9.O!5J""1"W'<r~:..._."':<";1t:>~i\;\i~ ..L~6 ..9673£j,,;\%,~E~'182(r.~J"!"'l,9i7~3732~~~7;5!l7:2~i~~~~7.;1Q85;~ ...';i¥i~z;:86db~4i"\'iWe:tti2.9:i";tr,~t{8;:!386~!tf~ ..c82682t\~}k"'.e:$1j $':"*..:~";$~fEfI375.~~~8~g;494~1 9~.f..~:ttS~.' I':
tI&.,..'~r~ ....- ~
-< " '.' .'
~.••..
~_~~~_ ••~wr~\i~ .•~ ..••....•.
V, m3~g .
,.••.
.,."
.••.
2,)'~l:"~~

,-
~~,';"~>(.~~."':t'.-~
'.. 0.2608
•.•.
~:"~.."
•..
~,;p;$;.~~:,,>:_.~~~~<ie=;:.--.~~~~~#"<lG<:r.-'V:-

0.2931', 0.3241 .' 0.3544

.••.,,~,..,,_,.~~~.~

.
..••
__ i.~~

. 0.3843 . . 0:4139
••.""-~....::: ••~~~.~!;

• O.~
~:,i~.
•••• __~' .•••.
.,:;
••••..••
0.4726,'
~:M~~;.,~l:.M ••~<jm,::-:.:nl'flr~.J',~~~;.~l4Ir").;.7:l'~a:~_

0.5018 ,0:5601 . 0.6181

••:"r.}-~ •.••..•••.
'. 0.6761.'.
~...
l~]:.~~ u •
,

.><J ~ .1"'~"'\"""'"*<.'~l'*ii"'m J1iti'",c

••
•.,""",,~~~2~;~'".,.""''',::.:~;~"";=<>.~~.,:~~7
>~~-=<;_~J3~,9..~~~""".""."~~~,, .~:.;.~=1;~~~"~-!~;.,~._""~;.~
',!;<f"~"~*'t~'~,~s:.;;'~""J;iLn:?MO~.",.",,.
,.,..~.~.~,.'"',~~;;9~,~~~1 m,~~~,~1
;"..
..•
..'irr?~?7.::i'!\.,,<);'''''n'?<;7Q"
••...,Cl""n?A?<;''','''''~n.~.',;;.''',;,''b''.~'U\A$''' ••>'K\' •••.'.,'''''".,1''''M~n'''77'''~~'''''''''<''.""'i'",,,,'''''.'AA7<>. '" ,.,m .• a".,' ...• "ltn".n.,,,,
~~~~
IPM'.,O?~ Iif
~
~
'.iii:~~"~~;':;'!~';m'."~ghll5lRg'-;~~(t<
%>~~-f~.l\!:1"~.'~'
..~~g\\\'~.~!¥2827r9~f:;'f,
.;~~~~ij;;<:,~~.,j,.~tf;¥~~",<.!~~~~1:Jfu"&~.~,,~~",!h,'~t~:c~(""f".:if,' .•;I!i,j,.~~,,~~~~..,,~~~.
~~~t'.4tS;1'E~.:.~~~~
..'~~'29.'42!6~""I,~¥JI'.355f2r''''.~'I'~~.3f57.f7rli~~~~~.>~326fr91'l;r,..v.'''''.,i337Qi.l~)~~3'<I78%~f~~~.35;l'7':'51j;~{'l\.~.'369Z;9r;.\{;r-~3923~1'tW.'~.~fI'
."'~&W,'!;'~fli.,."""N.~l@t1(~''' ~~;"'~~"'''''~~''"?t-~~,'f-i''ffi'~~~:~''''''';S.;-~
..~r9~.;~
:. '>'f ••'i''''''''~i~~'-'1.~
"""~
~~W.~!;.-~'
"".;".:.,
..
~..<".,1.,II;;l:. I
I
O
\
~","'t'('l,f. ,'It:.:o.'I',S,11<J/(kg,;~ "''' .•••1'••73''f"'''' •• "'~6.6948~~""t6.925S ;" <1':i!i'h1237&;~""'~".7'.3019~i\",~;it'%'7,;'I6S8;tt,,,",,,-,,,,"',7;;6188,
,~ •.~~oi!t.oo_-'~.~~~,}..o,..!I:'~~h4_~

v, m lkg
u, kJlkg
3
...•.•
,.... ~,,r-,~~!'iV"~~."

-
-
~~<'Il:""~,..:.._""i''':'l~;or.!"W~~.'''

0.1325
2598.1
0.1520
2695.3
'",",. ~~~~
~",••••
.0.169.7
2783.1
,,,7;:,:I630""",,'tlc.8~..5'>,,~,,,,!8:0298Jm'1;'
~:;jy~,,,.~,.6.::~-.v

0.1.866
2867.6
"l;;~:l'.'lf.,,*,~
.•.•.

0.203.
0'.
2951.3
.8Z~40~~"'. 'c 8:SOOS.,'f5,~"1!!;8!1,127.E; ~~ .••••
__

0.2192
.3035.3
;, ~••",~~~:r •.•.~",...,."..,~

0.2352
3120.3
,.;-n:'r~~

0.2510
3206.4
•.•••.
W'dilt"l;!..~,,;o;.,.:,,_~.

0.2668
3293.9
• ;.f,.;.~::b?,!.?i:1

. 0.2981
34.73.2
•..•••••
r.;.~~

. 0~3292
3658.7
••••~t'l'.i3\~""".ot',;;o;r.,

..0.3603
3850.8
I>~~.'~"
~~~~,"",'

.•..•ffi
'.,1
D
(Jo 1.5(198.3)
/:I, kJlkg - 2.796.8 2923.2
'.
.3037;6 3147.4 325S./l 3364.1 3473.0
'.
3562.9 .3694.0 3920.3 4152.6
.
4391.2
.•...•
~~~
ffl'a;;>~'.

r-;:- (Continued)
~.'

\~"
:~~~

." '
 ~..,"~~.>-
r ,'.~', I;. ,

';',

,.

" ~

Table C.3b Superheated Water Vapor (Metric Units) .

,
. '.

. ,
, ~
~
r,1 ~
i
l .~
(t).
"
';"
;,.~, '
:t'

~j,
{-'
rl'"
f:
f, ,
if.:
't
~
II:
l'
:2
f,l'j o
a,~! \
c
! 1

!~1:L, i'
Iji!:~ ... (,)

.....
f? 12 (324.8)

.~

,}' .
'. . ..
, .r-,.",i~~~"':""-'-:-";"---~::~"~~"""_~-, ..,. ;-': ;~;~'--" '; -. f • - t.;. h~' __ :::::-"::-; ;_~::"",,-~':. ~:~_~~~~~, ~;: " ,;. 'OM" ,,- ••• ~.: '.' _.... G ._ •.•• ~--.'.n ,__ .:""_ _ :....-". '., ~
 L-2/T-2/EEE Date: 31/07/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-2/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: ME 267 (Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Prove that compressors always consume more power than pumps to increase same
amount of fluid pressure. (8)
(b) Compare between impulse and reaction turbines. Why is draught tube installed at the
exit of a Francis Turbine? (8)
(c) With neat sketches briefly describe the main advantages of Turbo-prop engines over
Turbo-Jet engines. (7)
(d) A pump lifts diesel (s.g. = 0.85) from a well that is 40 m below the ground level. The
well pressure is about 3 atm and the frictional loss of the suction pipe is 2 cm of water per
unit length of pipe. The suction pipe is vertically straight and the vapor pressure of diesel
at operating temperature is 0.03 atm. Find the NPSH and the depth from ground level at
which the pump is to be installed. (12)

2. (a) Draw the T-s and P-h diagrams of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle with
throttle valve (expansion device) and briefly discuss its working principle. (10)
(b) What are the advantages of cascade refrigeration system? Describe with the help of a
P-h diagram. (7)
(c) Draw the block diagram of vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. Why is this type of
refrigeration not used for domestic purposes? (8)
(d) A vapor compression refrigeration cycle operates with condenser and evaporator
pressure of 1.5 MPa and 0.3 MPa respectively. The working fluid is HFC (Ra-134a)
which flows at a rate of 0.05 kg/so Find the COP and Tonnage of the refrigeration cycle. (10)

3. (a) What are the factors that affect Human Comfort? Briefly describe them. (10)
(b) Sketch the basic components of a Fan Coil Unit (FCU) and describe its working
principle. (10)
(c) What is thermal resistance? Write down the expressions for thermal resistance for
conduction in case of plane wall, hollow cylinder and hollow sphere. Draw the equivalent
thennal circuit for"the composite wall as shown in the figure for question No. 3(c). Also
write down the expression for equivalent thermal resistance for the composite wall
shown. (15)

Contd P/2

I)
 =2=

ME 267/EEE
Contd ... Q. No. 3(c)

t-La-t-Lb = Lc-t-Ld-f

ka
kb @ kd
T1 T2
@ kc (9 @

Fj?~ C?n:posi!~.F.all [for question No: 3(c»)

4. (a) What is critical insulation thickness? With mathematical derivation discuss the
significance of critical insulation radius of a hollow cylinder. (17)
(b) The temperature distribution across the wall (1 m thick) at a certain instant of time is
gIVen as (18)
2
T(x) = a + bx + cx
2
where T is in °C and x is in meters, while a = 900°C, b = -300°C/m and c = -50°C/m .

3 2
A uniform heat generation, q = 1000 W/m , is present in the wall of area 10 m having
3
the properties p= 1600 kg/m , k = 40 W/m.K and cp = 4 kJ/kg.K. Determine:
(i) The rate of heat transfer entering the wall (x = 0) and leaving the wall (x = 1 m).
(ii) The rate of change in energy storage in the wall.
(iii) The time rate of temperature change at x = 0,0.25 and 0.5 m.

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Write short notes on- (6)

(i) LHV.
(ii) Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio.
(b) Mention the different sources of renewable energy and describe with schematic
diagram the working principle of a hydro-electric power plant. . (15)
(c) Describe in brief the operation of a 4-stroke SI engine with neat sketches. (14)

6. (a) Write down the differences between Petrol and Diesel engines. (7)
(b) What is "air-standard cycle"? Deduce the expression of thermal efficiency of an air-
standard Diesel cycle in terms of compression ratio and cut-off ratio. (15)
(c) Discuss the effect of compression ratio on 51 and CI engine performance. (6)
(d) Draw the P-v and T-s diagrams of Otto cycle. Describe how the net work output and
the net heat addition can be calculated from these diagrams. (7)
Contd P/3
 =3=

ME 267/EEE

7. (a) What do you understand by the "irreversibilities" in a gas turbine system? How does it

affect the work output ofthe system? (6)

(b) With T..s diagrams describe the effect of multistage expansion and compression in

Brayton power cycle. (8)

(c) In an air-standard Brayton cycle, the air enters the compressor at 0.1 MPa and 20°C.
The pressure leaving the compressor is 1.5 MPa and the maximum temperature in the

cycle is l300°e. Determine: (15)

(i) The pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle.
(ii) The compressor work, turbine work, back-work ratio, net work developed and
thermal efficiency of the cycle.

(d) What is Combined Cycle Power Plant? Describe with schematic diagram. (6)

8. (a) Write down the functions of - (10)

(i) Economiser,
(ii) Superheater,
(iii) Safety valve,
(iv) Fusible plug,
(v) Feed check valve.

(b) Give brief description of the following boilers with neat sketches - (18)
(i) Lancashire.
(ii) Locomotive.
(iii) Babcock and Wilcox.
(c) What are the impracticalities of Camots vapor power cycle? How can the efficiency

of a Rankine cycle be increased? (7)

 .~-lL _
\,
,

100 150 200 2SO 300 350 400 450 SOO 550 600 \
20.
V.I 11# ?' ,{ 1/''#.. /r!I )1\ !/\V"i\Y.~'J\l
HFC-134a ; JF4(~/~1 .111'
V1
L~f' I __'b~" 'j,~~ ""i.~;J
If! . ~
1/ .1 200.

-, .~::~ ~ f1~..;..:l-f.;'~
(t.','.2,'e:ronOO:OO1!lo",O) I .... I.,<;:,f$)
";::~~",":,":;t;;:;,r:;) ',:/ ,I,' I:,." r~,.'.I.,, ,!.
~.v.~((\' ,

10. 100,
'1 .t:>I ::1- •../."..."..• ::t".... ,.."" .' ...[....•....... -. J:.__
•••. tumlcdt'lUidnl. 0 cC . . ." ,.. ~ ~. ]:> ~.t~ ....
[\,I..", ~ ...
.•.••• :J''!!I".:-''.:
~. -_.\t•.• "l;r~'i
~ l. "-l"~~.T""~~ --r .-.......,,.~<
.",_.,,,,,,~, •.••l:.-lll_,,~•. ~In ",1..- ...,,-1_
"-T. ••., _1..1......•.". 60 ' \
8, 1J«.l'~~~san,1'~ltO.. • "',
.--' -I-'.'t.....J'I•...J.f-'"1.. tI1.."It- ..fl'-1.J-...~'-~f-~."~..
c.n
.' , 1IF"
"f' II ... U";'~T7'K :~
J ;~' -
~\1V',

~_.Ii_iljlA ~j-11"...1..} -I..lftf1 - 1:'-\,_U~~"f~..1-t

'Iii 'J 1.,1.,....,.-1 i• "~
t •.s:."" S"'-1g"""1g'-.~.,"~ "',-J..;Jt' --t;, -I- ,;
.• ~"~_ •.. i

.._~_t-.,+Jrl t-
1" ,., ••. ~: •••••••• ,

I. " , ,: , ,,,":1. : '..,,_.-

': t, ".._._~._ 100•.... -" ..-.t 60 •
6. I

!W~ I h "II
I I •

..11-.~.'tI ..•.. ~
1
~. ~ .•. I' ., ,, "2! " I , ': •• I .••••

I-:-;;f:"f-r-. '. ,:".,f.:. _ ..•.•.. - ..,.-t ..;._I,.. 0<.:1•..

I '-

r.s::~~-j-.T"-T~''''-!'''''' .
I . I I ~ l .-Ny
0. ,.i...• ;7 ...•.•- -
I -Ii . ~/; II I Ii II I'f.- I <r c)p.:.i ,~ ..!' - -, ~ t.; -.. ' -.--:' -~~ 150. 40
4.
;I-J.L'
ii r' ,I: 1i 1'~
., I~ H-t'; ,f I;)' Ii Jl I .[ " Ii k r,'/:':..rv.n li
) ~/\!". "i' . . ;". -~' ; -::-~"
-!...!J>.<., I ' i- •.
• I
--1 /
I I ! \V
.1\_ '00. L; 1 . \
ill I " II ,90 , "
M1"-~' . l~~'."-I"-J\r\~,,:t. I ! I
WI" f."
I I .. ~ ~ ' • 1

-I 11~1~s' ~"Ill!
oi~,;
:~ 1~ I 1 ~
H .; I;• I!I .'II Tr'!
~ :1,.
~i I,,' '1;
~~'.
/0l/I'j1 A1'-fY !.14-f,,--,l~HI!
~."illl Ii. ~I i i-' "-., ' .."J"T -!I-'\ .. e-o' l .•

rr
I." •.

..~..r-j-t- ..!-..-J,....1--,....1-..7 ~Vj7(711AJ. rr-'''/fT7!717'.- -JJ_.

'1;

I ,. I' " 1 I I , 70.' . ," T 1 , J ..• r l' \

2. --r-~~..u.;--.;-- -.,r~i -=-, . ~ .., .. ,........
I !I-II !I ii I I 11 I! I ! ,:11 Ifw IY /or vi A 10'IG~/ V }'/ IY
~'j'i

LJ'k)\:~-l-I.:.i~l~,-:~-y ~\.\~ lAO.! I

;--
.... - .. "-& ,~,'60 •. 20. "

- ~';r"\ !- 130U-
I

l'O
a- 1.
\ !! !! l! I ii ! ! I! ! !. j-I !\
--t ti- ..It. t-_. - ;--.;..T' 'j-' '---j-
r!,
/1 W IV ~l~~ jY! /1: I//! !Y IPf
-'b'/'h-lcJ~L::i"I_/. T-frl"j-'-r-t"-h ..1f-t /f t/lrr:-1\--"iV..F'rl}( t"\.::t\-..:~*.r-\-~;..~
ft_.o-j 1:-.
",\"j -.iVy!.
- t ..
F-\."- V:.. -'1'''-1=: 8'
,'l\tlf1: :_~'
10 I ~
--
:2
---
r.::
0.8 "--r'-':.
J" ~! ~:-
.,' I""
!'"-r-'~ ,I.~-
:I, r-- -~• I -t"
. I
or li-'
.
1",,1-'-74i1----4
I 'iy;;I~,
J"
-jf.••••-'-%-IM'
' , 1;1
. 1-') 'If
,J,
..• -r' ''/It'/rf\t=A
li3ro :-J/11" . -/rr-t~ ...
',.....:--J ... _ ,
.' \.'1 f.ii.1 T;;!
r".."!" .;-I ,f-'
-4" .•.
!
1
I I
1
-
",,.
1\
11".".
." .~. ~.I• ~"1"- "'_-: :-=-= "/-- -". ---;;r-~
..j
I....,...
- -t-.. 6 ' .to- ~._. ~~ ,.~
r-,
W;~ / '.......,
- .,;
£: • r.::
0
--
,Q T,j-" ,I,! I ! T: I ll' .... JH"..E-1 LI. 7._-.,-/ I . ~
III
0.6 = !/'! ;/ .11' I' £ •. Ii 2:0"/ II I//I;t( t/),Il ,t' \5.
"H/iif IAr'i
.,. 'tV. 'I'VI lt1';" "/;:' ," <.,.ii'"
. I.IIi'I' I / .i'.• -~,'1;('"'' • .. . - ,'....;. ..-",._. . . .'.I , ~
iI ., ..'
iii:: ., ,: ,1 I I .. '~.-i 'I1';1 ~-!..",I 10
III ,i '.
....
; "f ,
Iii ,'"." ! 'I'
I I.'. "," I'. I"; .. I' !U
/I @ I ill ,I f i ~. i I I

Ii' / . , I ' /' I '

0,4
r I 1 I I/! I I'
V
lr Ii tV. I: . I . , . ....,"..'
,'1' # - '.
Q j I,. j ;' i I I,' , i •j -I' - 1

-r '1.:.-y' WI- fYi' ....71jVf'l(nl/llll~';if'!ll' If"" "~. l~~r~;,r'.=',]f~i

Ii. I
!, .
~ I

.F: ~t1.;~;:')~ld1::J':.p1~j.-LI
I
;;:l
II ~
~rJ.il 'n' 1"1
til

;;'~'''ki~-gf~/.'~l~A~
I
::l til
til 2. ~
!J .!.\ I' :: iI j.! IAVI. .1/,I V III. l!,lA".! :.IV t I .Yl1-111
I~ II ~l.1 1//IIi 1/11 1// I.'l'! Jj . .t ..--V~
711Ti4 I: : I. if: y'
~ ..~~.'"' olo!~..Lbf.~ -.1.
til 0.2
~
I.! '.i i
-g e - ,- ~- -f ... -.!.-,-i ~.o
! '- -/
0..
a- i

;Iip f IiI ,I/,.!,.

1.1 j,l1'1Y' I. if!. I/i
!ij/. :1 '1,1:'1
1;/1: j I r I V11/,~/L.-r"lg~.g«>/"i,'H-~..At"'I.,-/II-,:J1I'1
! /:'j'l,.
1l' 1 lV'r
I..- h ,I I I
ii!,
\ I 'T... ..- . 1.1 ~.o I 1.
20
1,1 II I 1 0 ~ •.• ,' !" ,'1" I
0.1 -r+j~ ; ~ ,~;I.f':~': ':3'0.' :-:: r: -:t:~'- ~J.~;-..'i
-II ~I ~: .-'i' Y
'~}f I' ~ ~/' ;. j" i .

.. I !i :.~=.t:i~-i':'''''' ;". r t:t:J.1'T~.:rt-tj:::'J':...:..I 1.1.: :;:[FJf..-r (:t.::.J!r';i-j-f j 11" T i '!:::it~:t-:l.:l, -r;.J' } :J:d'- -v "1. ~':i" -2--:<>]:::::::
1" •. ~I ' ... _~ •• ~ ;', ~.~ -;';
0.8
0,08

0.06 i:1
IJ~'i1_r}~i_l'.l~jjr<:>~~Ji_~..J1. 1<:>~_t7l6?:_r~c.!_<:>',:...!J~..,I._,~iZ
t,:T <i':' rTf 1.T.i.I-n 7T 1;/'; : :.1 :I-({ oil 17).' ;'/1 ~s,' }'ft.". 'L_-Y" 1,
ill
i
11/ r I.- 1'-j -LJ1Y
z i 7.j~,.t-!:-1 .7'1 .:;1". i ..1,.. I- 0.6
." .. r.::l,\.5
I ,[f~
_~ ,\,....\...no"",,! [ :l_... 01. 11T '.'.1"'''11'1'- '-Trrn- .T._.." .'-..'~II/!t'i
-."". t 0;"1'''''''' I" '""I:I' "l';'-Ir'T -7.' II .........~..
{; . '...,...... ..ro. - .. ,-d~ i/. Iii .- ..Ii..v. -.+'.~"£. l..I' I'i"'' . -+;51-_. ;-+- 0.4
~l. rl~~g;
I/!I III l/lil --4.
,I.L. ...11':.,,' if \'';'' .,

0.04
PI:t+4' i.! I;~ Ii': II II l;,I .1:1 ,If,'Ii 1' IIi/. j! I IV! 4- J. ,,'Ii.' /'! II iii,:if i, '1'1/i1.iif. I .irti.i': 1I", I'"1";'["
1
1 .'1 'I ill ~II.V .• q...-~:..;- II]4"':':+ ! 11..L.~1r...
~"i :...i--"h' ",o.t-
A.-.-t. 'TI:,~-~'<'rj 6d
I: l :! i I iliA: ~ 1. !; I!:!'!
! i
...1/I-I"~1- r~!", t .. ~~ -=-1rT 'r',{ ~.-
i :g~~; ~ :il l2 B :;1'g ;g' ~ ;
i! ! . ;50 II I ,I .' i! / I l :- ..L .' "'-1 -1'
Xl. ~ JI ~ 1£/$I I~ i& !-'81/~ k.~'7j'~ J~~; et ~l ~ .... i! ~_.:.~i- -'R'i-'~ i ~"\11~ i. '0,60
1
ri'\?,
0.02 I:
,...-fI'I..'o;-" 0 , 0I:,•.. ,. ' 'o~.'_o~/.
1..•.
. ,,~o
I ....!I/II
'0... .•.-,.1'1
..J.-',~
~.~.-'-\-'!J'~/' ..-,\..GO'.Ji'l!.:' ' -'.,,'...._II....'''1'1:.'~:j_••If:.".._'..'] _,_1._....
v V-'. I,-.,I._.~.-' ;t,,'.,-I~,J_,";
2
'I"; /.>~
-~."I.t"".'"r:;'' ' - :.."'.J....-' ' .....1... i,,.,•..•..
l.-r"::I. ""1-,.I[.'" """f~1;'JI "''!.,' I' I."tl'.' -t..."-I....
I" li/j l.t' '~.:..
0,2
"10' -.

r'l r I ': ~I 11
Ii I, ,. ., 1J :{ , , , ,., I

!!:
IY. ". ~' " ••• ,. , !

!.I.,:\ ' '1 'i f . Ii ii U .i -I I I/I/li/ '; ~I/I ~I, .. -;, ..• :' -~1 ..1" ':1- ! .. ,
N-
~
~ 0.01
100
i I; U' .
Ii 'Ii~ it Y I I/! ]'
150
v ;/ v II ii I f I, 1 11 fAt, J, I. I Ij I; I I.,J, i } Uri.M'l Iii
200 250 300 350 400
1 '0
450 SOO 550 600
.1

WJ Enthalpy - Enthalpie (kJ/kg)

.'1. 2:
•