ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

APOLINARIO MABINI CAMPUS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021-2022
2nd Semester

Name: Kathleen Ashley B. Echin Date: February 28, 2022

Grade/Strand: STEM 11-B Teacher: Ms. Charlotte Barangan

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

Topic: Interparticle Forces and Properties of Solids

1. Name at least two solids that undergo sublimation and their specific uses because of such property.
 Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide) – in dermatology, carbon dioxide is often used as an
alternative to liquid nitrogen for minor surgeries like mole removals, warts, and other skin
imperfections.
2. What physical property can help distinguish a crystalline from an amorphous solid? How?
 Arsenic - used as a doping agent in semiconductors (gallium arsenide) for solid-state
devices.

Topic: Energy and Molecular Order Changes: Phase Changes

Important Things to Know - Do Not Skip Over these 2 Sections
READ and REMEMBER

Kinetic Theory of Matter:

 Molecules are always moving. This is known as the kinetic theory of matter.
 We measure this kinetic energy with a thermometer as temperature.
 The greater the material's internal energy, the higher the temperature of that material.
 Heat is the energy flow between objects of different temperature.
 Heat and temperature are NOT the same.

Phases of Matter:
Solid a
 matter that has definite volume and shape.
 The particles of a solid have high attraction for each other so are packed together tightly and
vibrate in position.
Liquid
 matter that has definite volume but not shape.
 The particles of a liquid have high attraction for each other so are tightly packed but have more
energy than solids so they tumble past each other enabling liquids to flow
Gas
 matter that has indefinite volume or shape.
 Gases exist as single particles with no attraction for each other and move rapidly in straight line
colliding with each other or the inside of the container that they will spread out and fill.

Phase Change Descriptions:

Melting
the change from Solid to Liquid.
Freezing
the change from Liquid to Solid.
vaporization
the change from Liquid to Gas.
Condensation
the change from Gas to Liquid.
Sublimation
the change from Solid to Gas.
Deposition
the change from Gas to Solid.

Fill in the phase changes in the blank provided.

 
 

 
Answers:
1. Melting
2. Freezing
3. Sublimation
4. Deposition
5. Condensation
6. Evaporation
7. Sublimation
8. Freezing
9. Melting
10. Condensing
11. Vaporizing

Enthalpy of State Changes – Heat Transfer During State Changes (solid, liquid, gas)
You know from past experience that heat is needed to melt and ice cube or boil water. Chemists quantify
the amount of heat needed for a state change as molar heat or the amount of heat needed for one mole
of substance.
1. The energy required to convert one mole of substance from a solid to liquid is called the molar
heat of fusion. Label this on the diagram. (6.01 kJ per mol for water)
2. Molar heat of solidification is the amount of heat energy removed from one mole of substance
in order to change it from a liquid to a solid. Label this on the diagram. (6.01 kJ per mol for
water)
3. Molar heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy removed from one mole of substance in
order to change it from a liquid to a gas. Label this on the diagram. (40.7 kJ per mol for water)
4. Molar heat of condensation is the amount of heat energy removed from one mole of substance
in order to change it from a gas to a liquid. Label this on the diagram. (40.7 kJ per mol for water)

Phase Change Diagram

The graph was drawn from data collected as 1 mole of a substance was heated at a constant rate. Use
the graph to answer the following questions.

Use the phase change diagram above to answer the following questions.
5. Describe what is occurring from;
A to B  The solid temperature increases.
B to C  It started melting in B and the time that it reached C, it’s completed.

C to D  The liquid’s temperature increases.

D to E  The liquid started to boil in D, transforming to gas and completed in vaporization.

E & beyond  The gas temperature increases (Gas Phase)