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    Chapter 1 - Principle of Transmission

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    Telecommunications Distribution Methods MANUAL 14th Edition Volume 1 ‘We welcome all comments about this manual. If you have any questions about BICSI and its serviees, please contact our office at 800.242.7405 (USA/Canada toll free); +1 813.979.1991; fax +1 813.971.4311; e-mail bicsi@biesi.org; Website wwwbiesi.org. BICSI®, Tampa, FL 33637 © 2020 BICSI* All rights reserved. Fourteenth edition published 2020 First printing February 2020 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved ISBN (Print) 978-1-928886-82-2 ISBN (Electronic) 978-1-928886-85-3 All brand names, trademarks, and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders. ‘No part of this manual may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior agreement and written permission from BICS ‘The contents of this manual are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in information and communications technology (ICT) methodology, design, and manufacturing. ‘THIS MANUAL IS SOLD AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, RESPECTING THE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES FOR THE MANUAL’S QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. BICSI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO THE PURCHASER OR ANY OTHER ENTITY WITH RESPECT TO ANY LIABILITY, LOSS, OR DAMAGE CAUSED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY BY THIS MANUAL. BICSI World Headquarters 8610 Hidden River Parkway Tampa, FL 33637-1000 USA 2 Tel.: 800.242.7405 (USA & Canada toll-free) Fax: +1 813.971.4311 E-mail: biesi@biesi.org Website: www.biesi.org debeueW spuemy YoRadwo9 ‘ium 1qgog 4leya vonnadwiod ‘sso1y9s °D njeW 2 ~7/ CHD 97 PIPE uOonIPA WT ‘enueW spoyje UONNGLNsIg suonestunuIUODaa,, 4oj UONEdWOD s2uUel|Iy DLS OZOZ-6TOZ 243 UI moys fo jsag jo pueme ue YUM Isola Sia.1enbpeay pion squesaid BaWWOD UONNedWOD edUeIIIV DLS FUL S10UNeg-Iq ‘vorBurysem | sexo, je43U2>-yINES sersayroy | erydjapenyd | 40, MON | pursug MeN | eaUEY UOHDIIUNWIWOD [DDIUYDIA] 10j AjaIDO0g uabeuew spiemy uonnadwoD ‘saw8Mm Iqqog pray 1999S K uonipy Wvt ‘qenuey; spouse; UONNQLNsIG suoMeITUNMIWIODa|a 40 UOIPJ@dWIOD SBdueII|V DLS OZOZT-6TOZ OY} U! uo]DIIUNWIWO) JoIIUYIay, paysinbuysiq jo paeme ue YUM Isola siayrenbpeay priom squesoid DSPWIWWOD UuoiNedwod sduel||yW DLS SUL esowiajeg-3q ‘uoauryse A | sexey JeUED-YyINog daasayroy | eIydjepeyyg | 40, MEN | pue!Ug MeN | BUEPY UOHDIIUNWIWOD |DI1UYda] JO} Aja!ID0S ‘Thank you for ordering the Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual, 14th edition. Please place the chapter tabs and appendix tabs in front of the title page for each chapter and appendix. ‘The section tabs should be inserted in front of the following pages: Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems 55 Horizontal Cabling Systems 5-65 Horizontal Pathways SIT ADA Requirements Chapter 21: Project Administration and Execution QI Professional Development 215 Project Management 21-63 Disaster Recovery Planning and Risk Management Chapter 22: Special Design Considerations 22-5 MICE Considerations ‘This publication is not a single source document but a compendium of many sources of information and communications technology (ICT)-related practices, processes, and procedures. The information contained in this publication includes, but is not limited to, national and intemational codes, de jure and de facto standards, and industry-accepted best practices terminology. All source information can be found in Appendix A: Codes, Standards, Regulations, and Organizations and the Bibliography section of this manual BICSI® recommended best practices are industry established best practices and not specifically developed by BICSI. When necessary, BICSI will select and recommend widely used and acceptable methods for the performance of a particular task or process based on numerous factors, including, but not limited t0, widespread field acceptance, manufacturer's recommended methods, and safety. WARNING Itis the responsibility of the user of this manual to determine the use of the applicable safety and health practices (e.g., in the United States, Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], National Electrical Code® [NEC*}, National Electrical Safety Code [NESC*}) associated with ICT installation and design practices. BICSI shall not be liable to the purchaser or any other entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused directly or indirectly by application or use of this ‘manual, No project is so important nor any completion deadline so critical to justify nonconformance to ICT industry standards. This publication does not address safety issues associated with its use. It is the ICT industry professional’s responsibility to use established and appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of all regulatory issues. B. fi j New TDMM is the Blueprint for the Modern ICT Industry : Greetings and weleome to the brand new L4th edition of BICSI’s flagship manual, the Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM)—the blueprint for the modern ICT industry! | have relied on the TDMM over many years in my day-to-day duties as a senior-level Telecommunications Engineer and even participated in the review cycle for the 13th edition, but this new edition has special meaning as I was tasked with being the é Publication Subject Matter Expert Team Leader responsible for overseeing its creation. Given the rapidly changing world of ICT, creating a thorough, current reference manual can be a challenge. Fortunately, the volunteer review team was nothing short of outstanding, Representing all facets of the ICT industry from around the world, and collectively having more than 500 years of experience, the team worked diligently and consistently to review the current material. The result is a reference manual that is accurate, current, and compliant with applicable codes and standards. This edition also is notable for several firsts as it concerns BICSI reference manuals, ‘One, this is the first publication to have its content “modulatized.” While it has not changed the physical presentation of the technical material within the manual, this initiative has resulted in several improvements to the manual review and development process. These include easier editing, streamlined adding/updating of material, better version control, and the ability to have material readily available to use in other related BICSI publications. ‘Two, this edition of the 7DMM has been fully mapped to the requirements contained within the RCDD Job Tasks Analysis (JTA) document. The JT forms the basis for determining the qualifications to hold the RCDD credential. The JTA is used not only to provide the roadmap for the required content within the TDMM, but also determines the RCDD credential exam scope and the various BICSI training programs that support the RCDD credential. From the beginning of the review cycle through to the final Editorial Review, the team ensured that all the requirements within the JTA were identified and satisfactorily addressed within the ‘manual content. ‘Some of the updates in this L4th edition include: |. Additions to reflect the latest applicable codes, standards and regulations. 2. A revised chapter to more clearly outline the ICT designer’s role in project design and execution as part of overall project management, 3. Anew section covering Disaster Recovery and Risk Management incorporated with Project Administration and Execution. : 4, A new chapter on Special Design Considerations to address premises other than typical ‘commercial types. 3 ‘panded Power over Ethernet content (e.g... power source, link layer discovery protocol) with new figures and tables, 6. Anew section on Circuit and Pathway Designations that covers Classes (eg., Class A, B, C) and Levels (e.g., Level 0, 1, 2) with additional figures. 7. Added information on Category 8 copper and OMS multimode optical fiber cables per the applicable TIA standards, and specifications that OM! and OM2 multimode fiber are now to be used to expand existing installations only. 8. Updated information in chapters related to Health Care, Wireless Networks, Electronic Safety and Security, Data Centers, Building Automation Systems, Outside Plant, and Audiovisual Systems to reflect latest technologies and methods, Development of the 4th edition of the TDMM was truly a TEAM effort. There are two ‘groups that were instrumental in this regard, and I cannot thank them enough for their time, dedication, effort, help, and guidance in the production of this edition of the 7DMM. The first is the dedicated volunteer Chapter/Seetion Subject Matter Expert Team Leaders and their respective Subject Matter Expert team members, many of whom are members of the BICSI Technical Information and Methods Committee, and the volunteer members from the BICSI Registration and Credentials Supervision Committee who assisted with the review of ‘the manual material for compliance with the RCDD JTA document. ‘The second is the BICSI staff members from the Professional Development, Publications, Standards, Credentialing, and Administrative departments and groups within the BICSI organization. These individuals were indispensable in supporting and guiding the volunteers with logistics, oversight, and the necessary work to create a professional, user-friendly, and valuable publication for the ICT industry. Much of this work is invisible to many within the BICSI membership, but the dedication of the staff members to BICSI and its members is beyond phenomenal and is truly a labor of love on their part Whether you are just beginning your career in the ICT industry or are a seasoned veteran, Thope you will find this 14th edition of the 7DMMa useful addition to your reference materials, As always, feedback from you, good and bad, on the scope and content of the TDMMis most certainly welcome! If you feel you ean be a contributor to the content of this, and other BICSI publications, then I urge you to volunteer as a Subject Matter Expert and add your skills, knowledge, and experience to the group that produced this manual. Lastly, | would like to thank my grandfather and father, who were career members of the telephone industry, starting with the old Bell System and ending with Verizon, Their interest in sharing, teaching, and mentoring me in the various facets of the industry over the years has, provided me with a roadmap in all facets of my ICT career from Lineman, Installer, Crew Chief, Trainer, and Senior Design Engineer. Their legacy is the reason for my enthusiasm and success within both BICSI and the ICT industry over the years, All the Best, Rebuc B anthng pe Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr, RCDD, OSP- ‘Vice-Chair, BICSI Technical Information and Methods Committee Acknowledgments BICSI’s Technical Information and Methods (TI&M) Committee serves to coordinate the information within all of BICSI’s technical publications. BICSI officers, membershi and Publications staff wish to thank the TI&M Committee and its many volunteer contributors who helped in the development of the fourteenth edition of BICSI’s Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM). ‘The following dedicated TI&M Subject Matter Expert Team Leaders (SMETLs) and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) provided the key expertise required for the development of this manual’s technical content: TI&M Ch ‘TI&M Vice-Chair and TDMM 14th Edition SMETL: ‘Chapter 1: SMETL: Principles of Transmission SME Contributors: Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility SMETL: SME Contributors: Michael A. Collins, RCDD, RTPM; AT&T Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Richard S. Anderson, RCDD; Servamatic Chris Frazer, RCDD; Layer Zero Services Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr, RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Mike Patterson, RCDD, PE; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC Kiyofumi Tomonaga, RCDD, ESS; KT Consulting Dr. Paulo Sérgio Marin, EE/BSc MSc, PhD; Electrical Engineer/ICT Consultant Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Joseph A. Concepeion, RCDD, OSP; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC George M. Fewell, RCDD; NCI Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Mike Patterson, RCDD, PE; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; [CT Training Group, LLC © 2020 Bresi= 7 TDMM, 14th edition Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 3: SMETL: Ray Emplit; Harger Lightning and Grounding ‘Telecommunications Spaces SME Contributors: Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. George M. Fewell, RCDD; NCI Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OS Parsons Transportation Group John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Barry Shambrook, RCDD; Tuckers Consultancy Ltd Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC Chapter 4: SMETL: George M. Fewell, RCDD; NCI Inc. Backbone Distribution Systems SME Contributors: Richard S. Anderson, RCDD; Servamatic Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Ine James R. “Ray” Craig, RCDD, NTS, TECH, CT, CDCTP; Craig Consulting Services Ray Emplit, Harger Lighting and Grounding Robert S. “Bob” Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM; Communications Network Design Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC TOMM, 14th edition W (© 2020 Brcsi® Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 5: SMETL: Horizontal Distribution Systems SME Contributors: Chapter 6: SMETL: ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware SME Contributors: Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Ray Emplit, Harger Lightning and Grounding Kandasamy Ganesan, RCDD, NTS, DCDC, TECH, CT, CTS; e-sharp Computer Training Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr, RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group F. Patrick Mahoney, RCDD, CSI CDT; Direct Supply, Inc. Michael Watts, TECH; Novis Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting Chris Frazer, RCDD; Layer Zero Services Seott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC Kiyofumi Tomonaga, RCDD, ESS; KT Consulting © 2020 eres i TOMM, 14th edition Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 7: SMETL: Firestop Systems SME Contributors: Chapter 8: SMETL: Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) SME Contributors: Chapter 9: SMETL: Power Distril SME Contributors: Justin Pine, RCDD; Specified Technologies, Inc. Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Chris Frazer, RCDD; Laver Zero Services Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Seott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC James Stahl Jr., ITS Consultant; Specified Technologies, Inc. Ray Emplit, Harger Lightning and Grounding Peter Olders, RCDD, NTS, OSP, TECH; CompuServe Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC Brent J. Lehmkuhl, RCDD, PE; The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physies Laboratory Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Vince Saturno, PE, LEED AP, DCEP; Whitman, Requardt and Associates Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC TOMM, 14th edition (© 2020 BICSI® Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 10: SMETL: ‘Telecommunications Administration SME Contributors: Chapter I: SMETL: Field Testing of Struetured Cabling SME Contributors: Chapter 12: SMETL: Outside Plant SME Contributors: Jonathan L. Jew, ITS Consultant; J&M Consultants, Ine. John C. Adams, RCDD, OSP, CT; Adams Telecomm Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, C Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Robert S. “Bob” Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM; Communications Network Design Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC James R. “Ray” Craig, RCDD, NTS, TECH, C CDCTP; Craig Consulting Services Craig Buckingham, RCDD; R&M Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. George M. Fewell, RCDD; NCI Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Scott Smith, RCDD, TECH, CT; ICT Training Group, LLC Kiyofumi Tomonaga, RCDD, ESS; KT Consulting John C. Adams, RCDD, OSP, CT; Adams Telecomm Joseph A. Coneepeion, RCDD, OSP; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC Robert S. “Bob” Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM; Communications Network Design George M. Fewell, RCDD; NCI Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group David W. Houtz, RCDD, OSP, TECH; Powerhouse Communications, LLC John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Ine. Dale A. Shinseki-Hironaka, Department of the US. Army © 2020 arcs v TDMM, 14th edition Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 13: SMETL: Audiovisual Systems SME Contributors: Chapter 14: SMETL: Building Automation Systems SME Contributors: Chapter 15: SMETL: Data Networks SME Contributors: Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company ‘Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. F. Patrick Mahoney, RCDD, CSI CDT; Direct Supply, Inc. John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Beatriz M. “Betty” Bezos, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, CT; Bezos Technologies Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. George M. Fewell, RCDD; NCI Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group F. Patrick Mahoney, RCDD, CSI CDT; Direct Supply, Inc. Chris Scharrer, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD; 5 Mile Systems, Ine Craig Buckingham, RCDD; R&M Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Shawna Irwin, RCDD, WD; City of Overland Park, Kansas, DMM, 14th edition vi (© 2020 B1cs* Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 16: Wireless Networks Chapter 1 Electronic Safety and Security SMETL: SME Contributors: SMETL: SME Contributors: Mike Patterson, RCDD, PE; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Craig Buckingham, RCDD; R&M Joseph A. Concepeion, RCDD, OSP; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Dr, Paulo Sérgio Marin, EE/BSe MSc, PhD; Electrical Engineer/ICT Consultant F. Patrick Mahoney, RCDD, CSI CDT; Direct Supply, Inc. Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT; Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. © 2020 Brcsi> vil TOMM, 14th edition Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 18: SMETL: Data Centers SME Contributors: Chapter 1 SMETL: Health Care SME Contributors: Chapter 20: Residential Cabling SMETL: SME Contributors: Jonathan L. Jew, ITS Consultant; JM Consultants, Ine. Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Beatriz M. “Betty” Bezos, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, CT; Bezos Technologies Stuart Kennedy, RCDD; Morgan Stanley John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Barry Shambrook, RCDD; Tuckers Consultancy Lid F. Patrick Mahoney, RCDD, CSI CDT; Direct Supply, Inc, Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr, RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Richard S. Anderson, RCDD; Servamatie Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting DMM, 14th edition 72020 BICSI® Acknowledgments, continued Chapter 21: Project Administration and Execution Chapter 22: Special Design Considerations Appendix A: Codes, Standards, Regulations, and Organizations SMETL: SME Contributors: SMETL: SME Contributors: SMETL: SME Contributors: Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Beatriz M. “Betty” Bezos, RCD, NTS, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, CT; Bezos Technologies Robert S. “Bob” Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM; Communications Network Design Robert B. "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Shawna Irwin, RCDD, WD; City of Overland Park, Kansas John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM; Precision Contracting Services, Inc. Robert B, "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting Robert B, "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Paul Cave, RCDD, RTPM, TECH; Excel Murat Erenturk, DCDC; Goradata Consulting and Software Ltd. Anthony Frassetta, RCDD, NICET; Kimball Corporation Gautier Humbert, RCDD; Legrand Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting Youngsoo Kim, RCDD, PE, LEED AP BD+C; Jacobs Miguelingel Ochoa, RCDD; /TTERA Peter Olders, RCDD, NTS, OSP, TECH; CompuServe Karin Pasalich, Aecom Australia Pty. Lid. Peter N. Rock, RCDD, NTS; United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command Murray Teale, VTI Services Juan Enrique Torres, Neutel Bruce Turner, RCDD, NTS, DCDC; Aurecon © 2020 Brest ie DMM, 14th edition Acknowledgments, continued Appendix B: SMETL: Legal Considerations SME Contributors: Bibliography: SMETL: SME Contributor: Master Glossary: SMETL: SME Contributors: M. Georgia Gibson Henlin, QC; Henlin Gibson Henlin Attorneys-at-Law & Notaries Public Gordon J. Ash, RCDD, CTS; Ford Motor Company Robert B, "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Robert B, "Bob" Hertling Jr., RCDD, OSP; Parsons Transportation Group Jeff Silveira, RITP, CAE; BICSI Director of Standards Justin Pine, RCDD; Specified Technologies, Inc. Beatriz M. “Betty” Bezos, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, CT; Bezos Technologies Joseph A. Concepeion, RCDD, OSP; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC Ray Emplit; Harger Lighting and Grounding Larry L. Hamlin, RCDD, OSP, CFHP; Black & Veatch Philip W. Janeway, RCDD; JDH Contracting Reece “Jay” Miller, RCDD; [CT Consultant Mike Patterson, RCDD, PE; Physical Layer Telecommunications Consulting, LLC TOMM, 14th edition ‘© 2020 BCs? Acknowledgments, continued RCSC Pre-Editorial JTA Review, Tampa, FL, February 11-12, 2019 Robert S. "Bob" Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM Brian Ensign, RCDD, NTS, OSP, RTPM Brian Hansen, RCDD, NTS Robert B. "Bob" Hertling, RCDD, OSP Russell "Russ" Oliver, RCDD, NTS, ESS, DCDC, RTPM Participants, DIMM 14th Edition Editorial Review, Tampa, FL, February 13-16, 2019: Richard S, Anderson, RCDD Michael A. Collins, RCDD, RTPM Mark Corp, RCDD, OSP, RTPM, TECH, CT Ray Emplit Brian Ensign, RCDD, NTS, OSP, RTPM Robert S. “Bob” Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM George M. Fewell, RCDD Robert B. "Bob" Hertling, RCDD, OSP Philip W. Janeway, RCDD. F Patrick Mahoney, RCDD Justin Pine, RCDD John Romanski, OSP, WD, ESS, DCDC, RTPM Allen Dean John Ditzel Jeff Giarrizzo Clarke W. Hammersley Gail Moore-Swaby Jeff Silveira, RITP, CAE Editorial Review Logis Audrey Linn © 2020 Bresi™ xt ‘TDMM, 14th edition Acknowledgments, continued ‘The following BICSI Professional Development staff members produced this manual at BICSI World Headquarters, Tampa, FL: Vice President of Gail Moore-Swaby Professional Development: Project Manager! Clarke W. Hammersley Director of Publications: Lead Technical Editor: Jeff Giarrizzo Allen Dean Amy Woodland (under contract) Senior Publications Designer: John Ditzel TOMM, 14th edition xl (© 2020 B1cs* About BICSI... Advancing Information and Communications Technology (ICT) BICSI provides information, education, and knowledge assessment for individuals and companies in the ICT industry. We serve more than 23,000 ICT professionals, including designers, telecommunications project managers, installers, and technicians. ‘These individuals provide the fundamental infrastructure and project management for telecommunications, audio‘video, life safety, and automation systems. Through courses, conferences, publications, and professional registration programs, BICSI staff and volunteers assist ICT professionals in delivering critical products and services and offer opportunities for continual improvement and enhanced professional stature. Headquartered in Tampa, Florida, USA, BICSI membership spans nearly 100 countries. BICSI Vision Statement BICSI® is the worldwide preeminent source of information, education, and knowledge assessment for the constantly evolving ICT industry. BICSI Mission Statement BICSI’s mission is to: + Lead the ICT industry with excellence in publications, education, and knowledge assessment. + Advance our members’ ability to deliver the highest quality products and services. + Provide our members with opportunities for con professional stature, 1ual improvement and enhanced BICSI 2020 Board of Directors President: Todd W. Taylor, RCDD, NTS, OSP President-Elect: Carol Everett Oliver, RCDD, ESS, DCDC Secretary: Robert “Bob” Erickson, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, RTPM ‘Treasurer: David M. Richards, RCDD, NTS, OSP, TECH, CT Canadian Region Direetor: Fernando Neto, RCD. EMEA Region Director: Barry Shambrook, RCDD US. North-Central Region + Randal Reusser, TECH, CT U.S. Northeast Region Director: William Foy, RCDD, NTS, OSP, WD, ESS USS. South Central Region Director: Mark Reynolds, RCDD U.S. Southeast Region Director: Lee Renfroe, RCDD, ESS, TECH U.S. Western Region Director: Pat McMurray, RCDD, NTS, OSP, DCDC, PMP BICSI Executive Director & Chief Executive Officer: John H. Daniels, © 2020 eres xt TOMM, 14th edition International Credentials BICSI’s professional registration programs are intemationally recognized. + RCDD* Credential — Registered Communications Distribution Designer (RCDD) credential holders demonstrate expertise in the design, implementation, integration of telecommunications and data communications systems, and infrastructure components + DCDC Credential ~ Data Center Design Consultant (DCDC) credential holders demonstrate knowledge and ability over multiple facets within data center design, including the planning, implementing, and making of critical decisions regarding data centers. + OSP Credential ~ Outside Plant (OSP) design credential holders demonstrate proficiency in the ability to understand and apply a vast collection of OSP technology, including right-of-way, route design, media selection, cabling hardware, bonding and grounding (earthing), and electrical protection systems. + RTPM Credential — Registered Telecommunications Project Manager (RTPM) credential holders demonstrate proficiency in a vast collection of telecommunications project management principles, concepts, tools, and technology. + BICSI Installer 1; Installer 2, Copper; Installer 2, Optical Fiber; Technician = BICSI Installers and Technicians are proficient in the latest ICT industry standards and ‘codes requirements and in various topics, including the pulling, terminating, testing, and troubleshooting of copper and optical fiber cable using BICSI global best pra guide TOMM, 14th edition xiv (© 2020 BIcsI® Become a BICSI Member! BICSI membership is your key to a successful career in the ICT industry. Member benefits extend into the technical, legislative, and even the financial realms of this competitive industry. Membership offers ample opportunities for professional networking and career development and advancement. Join BICSI and combine your expertise with your colleagues in the network of ICT professionals. Member Benefits Gain the Competitive Edge! Combine all the benefits of BICSI membership into one complete package and you will understand why BICSI members hold a competitive advantage. BICSI keeps you ahead of your competition through a continuous flow of new information in the fast-changing ICT field. By prominently displaying your BICSI membership, you make known your professional ability to industry contacts. Fast Access to Information BICSI’s website (www.biesi.org) is a quick way to find a wide variety of detailed BICSI information, While on the website, find answers to industry questions and communicate with members and colleagues through BICSI’s online forums and social media sites. Search for BICSI members, installers, design specialists, RTPMs, and RCDDs. Member Discounts BICSI members receive substantial discounts on quality education——publications, standards, courses, credentials, and conferences. BICSI members also receive discounts with some of the BICSI partner organizations. Educational Conferences Each year, BICSI hosts conferences in North America as well as regularly scheduled conferences held in other BICSI Districts and Regions worldwide. Conferences include presentations by leaders in the ICT industry and opportunities to network with your peers. BICSI also offers a variety of other local educational opportunities in the form of region ‘meetings, Breakfast Clubs, Pub Clubs, and Lunch and Learns. Technical Publications Become a member and you will receive substantial discounts on BICSI’s highly acclaimed publications—long considered the definitive reference source of the industry. BICSI's manuals serve as valuable reference and study tools for BICSI courses and exams. BICSI publications are based on global best practices that follow and, in many cases, exceed the requirements of recognized international codes, standards, and regulations. In addition to the TDMM, our publications include the Outside Plant Design Reference ‘Manual (OSPDRM), Telecommunications Project Management Manual (TPMM), Information Technology Systems Installation Methods Manual (ITSIMM), and many other specialty publications. © 2020 rcs xv ‘TOMM, 14th edition Member Benefits, continued ur standards include ANSV/BICSI 001, Information and Communication Technology Systems Design and Implementation Best Practices for Educational Institutions and Facilities; ANSVBICSI 002, Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practice ANSI/BICSI 003, Building Information Modeling (BIM) Practices for Information Technology Systems; ANSV/BICSI 004, Information Communication Technology Systems Design and Implementation Best Practices for Healthcare Institutions and Facilities; ANSI/BICSI 005, lectronic Safety and Security (ESS) System Design and Implementation Best Practices; ANSUBICSI 006, Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Design and Implementation Best Practices; ANSUBICS1 007, Information Communication Technology Design and Implementation Practices for Intelligent Buildings and Premises; ANSI/BICSI 008, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Svstems Design and Implementation Best Practices; BICSI G1-17, ICT Outside Plant Construction and Installation: General Practices; ANSVBICSI NI, Installation Practices for Telecommunications and ICT Cabling and Related Cabling Infrastructure, and ANSUBICSI N2, Practices For The Installation of Telecommunications and ICT Cabling Intended to Support Remote Power Applications BICSI Today! BICSI membership is open to individuals and corporations serving the ICT and building industries. Join BICSI, and combine your expertise with your colleagues in the network of ICT professionals. Complete BICSI information is available upon request. For a membership application or other information, contact: Membership and Customer Care 8610 Hidden River Parkway ‘Tampa, FL 33637-1000 USA Tel.: 800.242.7405 (USA/Canada toll-free) Tel.: +1 813.979.1991 Fax: +1 813.971.4311 E-mail: biesi@biesi.org For a complete list of member benefits, DMM, 14th edition xv (© 2020 Brcsi® BICSI Pol licy for Numeric Representation of Units of Measurement BICSI technical manuals primarily follow the modern metric system, known as the Intemational System of Units (SI). The SI is intended as a basis for worldwide standardization of measurement units. With the exception of conduit measurements, units of ‘measurement in this manual are expressed in general and approximate SI terms, followed by an equivalent imperial (U.S. customary) unit of measurement in parentheses (see exceptions listed below): + In general, approximate (soft) conversions are used in this manual and are denoted with the approximate symbol (=) in front of the metric number. Approximate conversions are considered reasonable and practicable; they are not precise equivalents. In some instances, equivalents (hard conversions) may be used when it is a: ~ Manufacturer requirement for a product (e.g., conduit sizes). ~ Standard ot code requirement. Safety factor. + In general, approximate SI units of measurement are converted to an imperial unit of measurement and placed in parentheses, Exception: When the reference material from which the value is pulled is provided in imperial units only, the imperial unit is the benchmark + For metric conversion guidelines, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10, American National Standard for Metric Practice. + Trade size is approximated for both metric and non-mettic purposes. Example: * 100 millimeters (mm [4 trade size}). + In some instances (¢.g., optical fiber media specifications), the physical dimensions and operating wavelengths are designated. © 2020 eres xvi ‘TDMM, 14th edition HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Chapter number and name are indicated ' at the outside top of each page. | Chapter 4: Principles of Transmission [Chapters are divided into sections. | Section Heading Topic Heading each chapter} Part Heading | section is divided | into multiple | subheadings. | Part headings are used to discuss major areas of a topic. | + Bullets indicate important terms and phrases. Bullets are often followed by more detailed inform: ' Figures, examples, and tables are numbered sequentially in a given | | chapter: Each is followed by a brief descriptive title. i Figure 1.1 Title | page numbers are Hl 7 ‘TOMM, 14th edition ts | Shown at the bottom | © 7020 SI" | of the page. The chapter | | number precedes the | page number. DMM, 14th edition xvii (© 2020 BICSI® Reader’s Comment Form Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM), \4th edition ‘You may use this form to communicate your comments about this publication, its organization, or the subject matter. Your comments will be sent to BICSI’s Technical Information and Methods (T&M) Committee for review and action, if any is deemed appropriate. Comments (please include specific chapter and page reference; attach a marked-up page when a figure change is needed): Please complete the following information: Tamme oy Taide Tay we Saapany name alae aS a Tae prOTS postal code Say ‘Tame pone Te ema ‘Thank you for your comments. Sendto: Attn: 7DMM User Response orfaxto: +1 813.971.4311 BICSI 8610 Hidden River Parkway or sean and ‘Tampa, FL 33637-1000 USA e-mail to: chammersley@bicsi.org Office Use Only Response from Technical Information and Methods Committee: Class AD ClassBO — ClassCO THEN Commies Cai senate TOMINT Tah sion anal SMETL senate Tae (© 2020 BrcsT™ TOMM, 14th edition Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1: Principles of Transmission Metallic Media, at Electrical Conductors... . 1-2 American Wire Gauge (AWG) 16 Insulation. 1-6 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cables 219 Environmental Considerations. 1-10 Cable Shielding. 1-13 Drain Wires 1-16 Analog Signals . 117 Telephony . 1-23 Digital Signals ee . 1-29 Types of Transmission Circuits... ee ee cess 1-39 Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission . . 1-40 Digital Hierarchy ; Lat Video Transmission 1-46 ‘Transmission Line Concepts . woes 1648 Balanced Twisted-Pair Performance woes. 1-57 Balanced Twisted-Pair Channel Performance. , 158 Balanced Twisted-Pair Permanent Link Performance . . 1-62 Balanced Twisted-Pair Applications . . 1-63 Optical Fiber. 1-78 Optical Fiber Transmitters 1-79 Optical Fiber Receivers . . 1-88 Optical Fiber Medium. . 1-89 Bandwidth . 191 Optical Fiber Applications Support Information ce 1-103 Verifying Optical Fiber Performance and Electronics Compatibility... . 1-105 Selecting an Optical Fiber Core Size to Application or Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Specifications vee 116 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous tal Hierarchy (SDH) Concepts... 0... 0c cece eee eee eo 1-116 Appendix... . Se 1-121 © 2020 arcs 7 ‘TDMM, 14th edition Table of Contents Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Compati Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). . Electromagnetic Spectrum . Electromagnetics ..... 2... 00s eee e ee Measuring Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) . Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)—A Problem . . Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)—The Solution, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Cabling . . Electromagnetic Qualification Parameters. Unwanted Signals . Grounding (Earthing). Minimizing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Considerations for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) in Cabling Systems. Interference Reduction in Shielded Rooms . Telecommunications Cabling within Joint-Use Tunnel. Chapter 3: Telecommunications Spaces Telecommunications Spaces..........++ Telecommunications Spaces Considerations ......... Telecommunications Rooms (TRs) and Telecommunications Enclosures (TEs). Telecommunications Room (TR) and Telecommunications Enclosure (TE) Applications Telecommunications Room (TR) Design .. General Requirements for All Telecommunications Enclosures (TES) Equipment Rooms (ERs) . . Equipment Room (ER) Design... Locating the Equipment Room (ER). Space Allocation and Layout. . . . Cable Installation and Pathways . Electrical Power . .. Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Environmental Control Miscellaneous Considerations . veces Design Approval, Buildout, and Final Inspection .. Entrance Facilities (EFs) DMM, 14th edition W (© 2020 B1csr> Table of Contents Chapter 4: Backbone Distribution Systems Backbone Distribution Systems. . Cabling Topologies . Hierarchical Star Campus Backbone Designs . A Telecommunications Rooms (TRs) and Telecommunications Enclosures (TES)... 4-31 Building Backbones . Choosing Media . Backbone Building Pathways (Internal) . Miscellaneous Support Facilities .. . . Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) . . Backbone Planning ......... Indoor Hardware. Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribut Horizontal Distribution Systems . . 5-1 SECTION 1; HORIZONTAL CABLING SYSTEMS Horizontal Cabling Systems . . . 55 Horizontal Cabling Media . 5 5-17 Work Areas and Open Office Cabling... ao) Simultaneous Data and Power Transmission within Horizontal Cabling 5-37 Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Bees 5-44 Fiber-To-The-Outlet (FTTO). . 5-48 Horizontal Pathways for Fiber to the Office (FTTO) Systems Sede oS Passive Optical Networks (PONS) . - 5-56 SECTION 2: HORIZONTAL PATHWAYS Horizontal Pathways c Types of Horizontal Pathways.......... Ceiling Distribution Systems............ 5-65 5-70 cee 5-93 Other Horizontal Pathways. . - + S110 SECTION 3: ADA REQUIREMENTS Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Requirements . 5 . S117 Appendix: Disabled Access and the Americans with Disabilties Act (ADA) ..... 5-125 © 2020 Brest 7 TOMM, 14th edition Table of Contents Chapter 6: ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware . free 6-1 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cables . . 63 Optical Fiber Cables. . oe 6-14 Coaxial Cables . - 6-24 Balanced Twisted-Pair Connectors. .....s. ss sssss 6-33 Balanced Twisted-Pair Connecting Hardware 5 6-55 Balanced Twisted-Pair Connecting Blocks........ +4. 6-61 Optical Fiber Connectors ..... 20... e eevee ee - 6-77 Optical Fiber Connecting Hardware... 6.6... 6-89 Coaxial Connectors . : 6-95 Coaxial Connecting Hardware. .....-....sssseeees 6-103 Chapter 7: Firestop Systems Firestop Systems . . . : LTA Firestop and Disaster Avoidance fees: 73 re-Resistance Rated Construction . 7-6 Firestop Considerations . : eee 7-8 Testing and Guidelines for Firestops . . 7d ‘Types of Firestop Systems 650 5 . 7-19 Firestop for Brick, Concrete Block, and Concrete Walls . . 732 Firestop for Framed Wall Assemblies . . . 7-36 Firestop for Lath and Plaster Walls . = 7-42 Firestop for Combination Walls 7-42 Firestop for Floor Assemblies ....... = 7-43 Firestop for Floor/Ceiling Assemblies... ... 0.6.2... 0e 0000s : 744 Structural Steel Floor Units with Concrete Floor Fill without Suspended Ceiling Membranes . .. . cee . 7-47 Firestop for Roof/Ceiling Assemblies . 7-47 Fire-Rated Vertical Shafts. 5 . 7-48 Firestop for Curtain Wall Floor/Ceiling Seals. 7-49 General Firestop Considerations : 7-52 Appendix A: Approved Firestop Methods |. 7-54 Appendix B: Testing and Guidelines for Firestops ......... 000. . 7-108 Chapter 8: Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) . . 8-4 Alternating Current (ac) Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System . 85 Equipment Grounding (Earthing) System. 8-8 Telecommunications Bonding Infrastructure . . . - 8-12 Lightning Exposure . . 8-26 TOMM, 14th edi 5 (© 2020 Brcsi® Table of Contents Chapter 9: Power Dist: Power Distribution. , Bee eee eee o1 Alternating Current (ac) Power 92 American Wire Gauge (AWG) . eee 5 9-15 Alternating Current (ac) Voltage Quality Problems =. .0.- sss sss vse 9-18 Power Distribution for Information Technology Equipment (ITE) Spaces. ....... 9-25 Electrical Safety . 9-28 Power System Redundancy . Boe0e00 9-31 Power Conditioning/Power Protection. 9-36 Direct Current (de) Power . . 9-52 Installation of Direct Current (dc) Systems 9-61 Batteries 5 9-63 Power System Alarms « 9-72 Power System Monitoring and Control... 6. 975; Conductor Identification... 0... 6. eee ee ee ee 9-77 Chapter 10: Telecommunications Administration Telecommunications Administration. . = 10-1 Identification Methods . seve s 10-12 Identification Systems = 10-23 Labeling and Recordkeeping. eS + 10-31 Administration of Large Telecommunications Spaces . = 10-39 Chapter 11: Field Testing of Structured Cabling Field Testing of Structured Cabling at Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Tests 11-2 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Acceptance Tests .