4

Self-Learning Kit
Science
Quarter 3 - Week 2

REA MAREZ L. AMPER

WRITER
Science – Grade 4
Self-Learning Kit
Quarter 3 – Week 2
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Writer : Rea Marez L. Amper

Editors/Reviewers : Marlyn V. Canales, Marichel Dumayac,
: Rosemarie Lavador, Rose B. Ermita
Illustrator : Rea Marez L. Amper
Layout Artist : Joel R. Capuyan, Rea Marez L. Amper
Management Team : Leah P. Noveras P. Noveras, Ed.D., CESO VI
: Bernadette A. Susvilla, Ed.D., CESO VI
: Lilia R. Ybañez
: Marlyn V. Canales
: Reynilda G. Ramoneda
: Raymond L. Ceniza
: Joel R. Capuyan
: John Orven V. Saldana

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Schools Division of Danao City

Office Address: Sitio Upland, National Road, Danao City, Cebu
Telephone No. (032) 262-6211
Telefax: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
E-mail Address: depeddanaocity.com
i
Note to the Learner

This Self-Learning Kit is prepared for you to learn the specified competencies
based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) for Science 4, Quarter 3,
Week 2. It is designed in a simplified structure to help you easily understand the lesson
for the week. It contains the following parts:

Includes an activity that aims to check what you already

I Have know about this lesson
Known

Consists of activities that will help you view the previous

I Can lesson and prepare you to the new one
Connect

I Can Details the presentation and discussion of the concepts

Learn that you need to learn in this new lesson

Comprises of activities for independent practice to check

I Can Try
understanding of the new concepts learned

I Can Contains exercises to validate your knowledge and

Assess understanding of the concepts learned

I Can Do Covers activities and exercises that you can do further to

More enrich your learning

Answer
Contains the key to correction of all the exercises
Key

Indicates the sources in the development of this Self-

References
Learning Kit (SLK)

ii
 Lesson Title Effects of Force on Objects: Push and Pull
Learning Explain the effects of force when applied
Competency to an object.
MELC Code S4FE-Illa-1

I Have Known

Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the

letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call the push or pull of an object?

A. Light B. Heat C. Force D. Energy
2. When an object is in motion, it changes in ___________?
A. Shape B. Color C. Size D. Position
3. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe
force?
A. It can start the motion of an object.
B. It can change the shape of an object
C. It can never affect any change to an object.
D. It can stop an object’s motion and change its
direction.
4. Which of the following objects is easiest to move?
A. desk B. book C. Table D. chart stand
5. Which of the following activities applies a great amount
of force to move?
A. Sitting on the bench C. Raising your hands
B. Pushing a heavy cart D. Sweeping the floor

1
6. What are the changes that the force can do to an
object?
A. Change in shape C. Change in motion
B. Change in size D. All of the above
7. Which of the following may cause changes in the size

and shape of an object?

A. scratching B. pushing C. plucking D. pounding
8. What do you think will happen when force is acted on

an object?
A. The object will not move but will eventually evaporate.
B. The object will move, change its size, shape, and
direction.
C. The object will not move but eventually melts.
D. No movement at all.
9. What will be the effect if you hardly push a raw egg

directly on the floor? The eggs will be _____.

A. not be broken. C. will melt
B. will harden. D. break into smaller pieces
10. What can you infer with illustration

being shown?
A. A toy car will stop as soon as you
touch it.
B. A toy car will move even if you
push it a little.
C. A toy car will not move even how hard you push it.
D. A toy car will move even if you pull it.

I Can Connect

2
 In the previous lesson you have learned all about the
effects of force on an object. Force is either a push or a
pull on an object. It can be due to gravity, magnetism,
friction, or anything that might cause an object to move.
Force can change the shape, size, and movement of an
object.

Force can change the shape and size like that of a baker
making a dough. From the mother dough the baker can
vary the sizes and shapes of the dough he wanted to be.

Force can also change the movement of an object like

for example if you will kick a ball, of course the ball will be
redirected depending on where direction you are kicking
it. Therefore, due to force applied there is a change in the
movement of a ball.

This lesson is a continuation on the effects of force on an

object but this time we will be focusing on the changes
happening on an object when a force is being applied in
pulling and pushing.

So, let us get started and explore the effects of force as

we push and pull objects!

I Can Learn

Look at the pictures. Can you tell what they are doing?

3
 How did the baker change the shape of the
dough? What was the man doing with the wood?

How did the old man transport the groceries? What do

they need to do their respective tasks? What do you think
are the effects if you pull and push an object?
In everything that we do we rely on force. We need
force to do work, because without force we cannot do
anything in our life. Though we cannot see force, but we
can feel and see its effects on us and to the objects
around us.

What were the activities that you do at home that

needs force? Were you able to tell what type of force was
it?

What is Force?

Force is an important concept as it influences motion. It

can be defined as an interaction that changes the motion
of an object if unopposed. But the simple definition of the
force is that it is the push or pull experienced by any object.
Force is a vector quantity, thus it has both magnitude and
direction. Therefore, one must specify both the direction
and the magnitude to describe the force acting on an
object.
4
 Force is simply described as the push or pull of an object.
Force can influence the object to undergo changes in
speed, direction or even change in shape.

Types of Force
By applying force, one can make an object at rest to
move. This application of the force can be done either by
touching the object or by without touching the object.
Therefore, there are two types of forces; namely, contact
force and non-contact force.
1. Contact Force is the force that is applied on the objects
by bringing them into contact. There are three types of
contact forces such as frictional force, applied force and
normal force. There are different types of forces that act
upon us in our daily life. We use force to move things in any
directions (applied force) and a force to stop an object
from moving (friction). The normal force is the force that
surfaces exert to prevent solid objects from passing
through each other. Normal force is a contact force. If two
surfaces are not in contact, they cannot exert a normal
force on each other. For example, the surfaces of a table
and a box cannot exert normal forces on each other if
they are not in contact.

2. Non-Contact Force is the force which is applied on the

body without coming in contact is known as non-contact
force. Gravitational force is an example of noncontact
force.

5
Force: Push and Pull
For instance, the force has
been defined as an
interaction that changes
the motion of an object if
unopposed. When this statement is examined closely, we
see the role of push-pull in this. A force that changes the
direction of an object towards you, that would be a pull.
On the other hand, if it moves away, it is a push.
Sometimes, force is simply defined as a push or pull upon
an object resulting from the object’s interaction with
another object. Hence, any kind of force is basically a push
or a pull. Spring and elastic are also types of forces. The
moment you push against it, it tends to resist and react or
springs back with the same magnitude.

Examples of Push and Pull

Push is defined as the force that is responsible for an
object to move from the state of rest. Examples include
pushing the trolley, pushing of the car when it breaks
down, pushing the table from one place to another and
many other which are not mentioned here but need
pushing to move.
The pull is defined as the force that is responsible for an
object to move from the state of rest but in the opposite
direction when compared to the push. Examples are
pulling the curtain, dragging the box, opening of the door,
pulling the rope in a tug of war, drawing a bucket filled

6
with water from a well and the action of lifting a bag, and
so many other that need pulling to move.
Whenever we consider a force in each scenario, it can act
as an internal as well as an external force depending on
the system we have considered. This is how we have
introduced this topic from the basic and it emphasizes on
the fact that we must be careful about the system chosen
whenever we are labelling a force as an internal or an
external force.
Do Push and Pull Forces have effects on objects?

What makes things move and change? Does shape or

weight affect movement?
Explore the pushes and pulls in our lives including air,
gravity, and toys. Feel the strength of water. Discover that
air can push and can be used to fly and power rockets.

A. Force can make a stationary object move or make a

moving object move faster.

Example is a toy car can be made to move by giving it a little

push. Similarly, a stationary football can be made to move by
giving it a small push or by kicking it.

7
2. Force can change the size and shape of an object. A
push or a pull affects how an object moves or changes
shape and size.

When a force acts on an object, the object may change

shape by bending, stretching, or compressing - or a
combination of all three shape changes. However, to
change the shape of a stationary object there must be
more than one force acting to do the following:

Bend an object's ends past each other, example when an

Olympic diver stands on the end of a diving board.

Pull an object's ends apart, example when a rubber band

is stretched.

Push an object's ends together, example when an empty

drink can is squashed.

A change in shape is called deformation:

8
 • elastic deformation is reversed when the force is
removed
• inelastic deformation is not fully reversed when the
force is removed - there is a permanent change in
shape
A rubber band undergoes elastic
deformation when it is stretched when a
force is applied, and it returns to its original
shape when the force is removed. A metal
drinks can undergo inelastic deformation when it is
squashed or crushed down.

3. Force can change the motion or movement of an

object.
Pushing and pulling are kinds of forces motion and is a
movement that changes an object's position. Pushing or
pulling forces can be used to change the motion of an
object. When force is applied, the object can start moving,
stop moving, change speed, or change direction.
The motion of an object acted on by a force depends
partly on the strength of the push
or pull. The stronger the push or pull, the faster the
object will move. For example, the mother in the
picture is pushing his daughter in a swing. When
she uses more fo rce to push, the swing moves
higher.

The motion of an object will not change if the forces

pushing or pulling the object are balanced. An object that
9
is sitting still will stay still if the forces acting on it are
balanced. If an object is in motion, it will keep moving in
the same direction and at the same speed if the forces
acting on it are balanced. Look at Diagram A, shown
below.
Diagram A: Balanced Forces
These forces
are balanced, so the
motion of the object
stays the same. The
object in the diagram
could be sitting still, or it
could be moving. But
its motion is not changing. This is because the forces acting
on it from opposite sides are exactly the same size.

An unbalanced force can change an object's

motion. An unbalanced force acting on a still object could
make the object start moving. An unbalanced force
acting on a moving object could make the object change
direction, change speed, or stop moving. Look at Diagram
B, shown below.

Diagram B: Unbalanced Forces

Force 1 Force 2

__________________________
These forces are unbalanced, so the object moves
to the right. In Diagram B, Force 1 is a large force acting on
the object by pushing the object toward the right. Force 2
is smaller, and it is pushing on the object toward the left.
10
Some of Force 1 acts to stop Force 2 from moving the
object. Since Force 1 is larger, there is still some force left
over. This leftover force makes the object start moving to
the right. The red arrow shows the direction of the object's
new motion.
Let us look at another example. In the picture shows the two groups, Group A
and Group B are playing tug of war. Group A
is much stronger than Group B. Both groups
pull on the rope, but Group A pulls with a
greater force. How does the rope move?

A B

The rope moves toward Group A since they are

stronger than Group B, and Group A is pulling on the rope
with a greater force.

4. A force can change the direction of an object.

The force applied by kicking the

ball can change the motion of
the ball.

According to Sir Isaac Newton,

“Objects that are at rest will
remain at rest unless acted upon
by a force”. For example, if there is a ball placed on top
of a table if left alone, it will stay there. But if somebody
decides to push the ball, then it will roll and may fall off the
table.

11
If a force is applied on a moving object, the object will
probably do one of the following:
• When the force applied is along the direction of the

object, the object will speed up (accelerate)

Force Exerted Direction of moving object Object

• When the force applied is opposite the direction of the

moving object and is enough it can stop the object’s
motion.

Direction of moving object Object Opposite force exerted

• When the force applied comes from left or right of the moving object, it will
change its direction.

Direction of moving object Object

Forces can affect the objects around us. It can change

the shape of an object. It can start the motion of an
object, change its direction, or used it to stop the object
from moving.

12
 I Can Try

Let’s perform this:

A. Directions: Explain the effects of force on the shape of

an object after doing the activity.

Materials:
Plastic cup
Chocolate bar
Eggshells

What to do:
1. Observe each of the solid materials.

2. Place the materials on a flat surface

3. Using both of your hands, apply force on each

material to change its shape.

What have you found out?

1. Whathappened to the plastic cup, chocolate bar and
eggshells after you applied force on it?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the changes on each material after force was

applied?
• Plastic cup ___________________________________
• Chocolate bar ___________________________________
• Eggshells ___________________________________

13
3. What happens to an object if you put opposing forces
on it?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

B. Directions: Explain the effect of force on the movement

of an object after doing the activity.

Materials:
Toy Car
Ruler/ tape measure/ pull-push roll/meterstick
Chalk/pentel pen

What to do:
• Select a flat surface in your area.

• Mark a starting point on the floor. Gently push the toy

car with your hand. Observe how far it moved. Measure

the distance that it travelled.
• Bring the toy car again to the starting point and repeat

step 2, but this time push the toy car with a stronger
force. Measure the distance it covered.
• Repeat step 1 and step 2 for two times with varying

forces applied on the toy car. Record your observations

in your data table.

Trial # Distance Covered

1
2
3
4
14
1. Howdo you compare the movement or the motion
made by the toy car when pushed by the
weakest/strongest force?
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Whichdegree of force applied made the toy car

reached the farthest? Nearest?
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think affects the movement or the motion

of the toy car?
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

I Can Do More

Directions: Complete the Concept Map by filling in the

correct answer.

15
 Effects of Force: Push and
Pull

Note:
Box: effects of the Force applied
Lines: examples for each effect

16
Answer Key
 13
I Can Do More
Effects of Force: Push and
Pull

Change in motion or
movement

Change in Size and Kicking a ball

shape Pushing a table
Pounding a chalk

Hammering a tin can

Change in Direction

Playing Tug of war

Batting a ball