Colreg PSC Guidelines

COLREG
PSC GUIDELINES
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972
3th Training Course for PSCO (Expert Mission), Viña del Mar Agreement
Lima, Perú, 16th – 27th March 2015
Based on a presenta,on of Ricardo Böke

Mr. Masashi Sugomori R.ADM, B.Sc., M.Sc.
Master Mariner, MSc, MNI PSCO Valparaiso – Chile
Chief, PSC Office, Mari,me Bureau, MLIT
What is COLREG?
Interna'onal Regula'ons for Preven'ng Collisions at Sea
COLLISION + REGULATION
COLREG
2
Historical Background -‐ COLREG
1889 – First common international traffic rule at Sea
1948 – IMCO established
1960 – “COLREG 60” adopted

Ships – Larger, Faster and More Specialized Revising work
1972 – “COLREG 72” adopted

Entry into force : 15th July 1977
Amendments
•  Res.A464(XII) - 01 Jun. 1983
•  Res.A626 (15) - 19 Nov. 1989
•  Res.A678 (16) - 19 Apr. 1991
•  Res.A736 (18) - 04 Nov. 1995
•  Res.A910(22) - 04 Nov. 2003
•  Res.A1004 (25) - 03 Dec. 2009 3
COLREG -‐ Amendments
4
COLREG & PSC
No provisions regarding
PSC in COLREG
•  Passenger Ship Safety Certificate

•  Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate SOLAS Ch.I Reg 15
•  Special Purpose Ship Safety Certificate etc.
To certify:
That a ship is provided with lights, shapes, means of making sound
and distress signals, in accordance with the the Convention and the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea requirements,
today in force;
5
Aspect & Type of Ships on Lights
At night
6
Contents of COLREG
ü Part A : GENERAL
Rule 1 -‐ 3
ü Part B : STEERING AND SAILING RULES
Rule 4 -‐ 19
ü Part C : LIGHTS AND SHAPES
Rule 20 -‐ 31
ü Part D : SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS
Rule 32 -‐ 37
ü Part E : EXEMPTIONS
Rule 38
ü Annex I -‐ IV
7
Rule 1 : ApplicaGon
(a) All vessels upon the high seas and in all waters
connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
Vessel ; every description of water craft

- a means of transportation on water (R.3)
1. Passenger ship 3. Seaplanes
✔ ✗
(in the air)
✔
2. Yacht
✔
(on water)
( on water )
✔ ✗ 4. Submarines
(under water) 8
Rule 2 : Responsibility
Nothing in these Neglect of any

Rules shall exonerate precaution which may
be required by the
any vessel, or the
owner, master or Any Negligence ordinary practice of
seamen, or by special
crew thereof, from the circumstances of the
consequences of: case
9
Rule 3 : General DefiniGons
(f) “Vessel not under command”

means a vessel which through some exceptional
circumstances is unable to manoeuvre and to keep
out of the way of another vessel.
Keep out !!!

I can’t steer
“Exceptional circumstance”
her engine or steering gear out of order 10
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(g) “Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre”
means a vessel which is restricted in her
ability to manoeuvre from the nature of
her work and unable to keep out of the
way of another vessel.
Particularly
A vessel engaged in　・　・　・　
11
“Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre”
(1) laying, servicing

or picking up a
navigation mark,
submarine cable
or pipeline
(2) dredging,
surveying or
underwater
operations
12
(3) Replenishment or　

transferring
persons,　
provisions or cargo 　
while underway
(4) Launching or
recovery of aircraft
13
Sweeping
Mechanical
(5) Mine clearance
operations
(6) Towing operation

such as severely
restricts the towing
vessel and her tow
in their ability to
deviate from their
course. 14
(h) “Vessel constrained by her draught”
means a power-driven vessel is severely
restricted in her ability to deviate from her course,
because of her draught in relation to the available
depth and width of navigable water.
The deep draught

severely restricts my
navigable water.
Navigable water
“Vessel constrained by her draught”

15
(i)  “Underway”
being not at anchor, made fast to the shore or
aground
“Underway” includes:
・ Anchoring for maneuvering,
made fast or turning her head
at made fast
to shore ・ Dredging anchor
anchor to buoy
aground
NOT “Underway”
16
Contents of COLREG
Rule 1 -‐ 3
Rule 4 -‐ 19
Rule 20 -‐ 31
Rule 32 -‐ 37
Rule 38
17
Part B : STEERING AND SAILING RULES
SECTION I - CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF VISIBILITY
SECTION II - CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE OTHER
SECTION III - CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY

18
RULE 19 : Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
Contents of COLREG
Rule 1 -‐ 3
Rule 4 -‐ 19
Rule 20 -‐ 31
Rule 32 -‐ 37
Rule 38
19
Basic lighting configuration
20
Rule 21 : DefiniGons
(a) “Masthead Light”
An unbroken white light
over an arc of horizon of
225 deg. , 225°
and from right ahead to
22.5 deg. abaft the beam
on either side.
22.5° 22.5°
21
(b) “Sidelights”
A green light
on the starboard side,
A red light
on the port side,
over an arc of 112.5º 112.5°
from right ahead to 22.5º

abaft the beam on its
respective side.
22.5°
Port Starb’d 22
Annex I : Positioning and Technical Details of Lights and Shapes
9. Horizontal sectors 　
The minimum intensities shall
decrease to reach practical cut- 5. Screens of sidelights
off between 1º and 3º outside the Inboard screen painted
prescribed sectors matt black
V. axis of lamp chimney
23
(c) “Sternlight”
A white light,
over an arc of
135º, and 67.5º
from right aft
on each side.
Placed as
nearly as
practicable
at the stern.
67.5° 135° 67.5°
24
(d) “Towing light”
A yellow light, with same characteristics as the sternlight.
(e) “All round light”

An unbroken light over an arc of horizon of 360º.
(f) “Flashing light”
A light flashing at regular intervals (≧120 flashes/min.)
135 º
Yellow
＜ Towing light ＞＜ All round light ＞＜ Flashing light ＞
25
Day Shapes
26
Annex I – 6: Shapes
The vertical distance between shapes ≧　1.5 m
＜A ball＞＜A cone＞＜A cylinder＞
d 2d
d ≧60cm d ≧60cm d ≧60cm
＜A diamond＞＜A drum＞
2 cones with
Most of them apexes
can be flatten. d
together in a
vertical line
d one above
the other (R.26)
(Fishing)
d ≧60cm 27
Rule 22 : Visibility of Lights
The lights shall have an intensity so as to be
visible at the minimum ranges.
(The intensity is specified in Annex Ⅰ- 8)
(a) In vessels of L ≧50m (1mile = 1.852m)
A masthead light 6 miles

A sidelight 3 miles
A sternlight 3 miles
A towing light 3 miles
An all-round light ( ) 3 miles
＊Minimum range will change according to vessel’s length.

28
Rule 23 : Power-‐driven vessels underway
(a)  The following shall be exhibited.
(i)  A masthead light forward
(ii)  A second masthead light
abaft of and higher than the forward one
(a vessel < 50m need not exhibit the
second but may do so)
(ⅲ) Sidelights (port & starboard)
(ⅳ) A sternlight
L ≧50m L<50m
（The sternlight & Starboard sidelight cannot be seen from this direction.） 29
Horizontal lighGng arc & posiGoning
112.5°
225° 225° 135°
112.5°
30
PosiGoning & spacing of lights
(Annex I – 2 and 3)
Df≦1/4L Da≧1/2L
L = Length overall
B = Greatest breadth At least 4.5m
m = metres
Hf≧6m or B(>6m)
(need not be greater than 12m) Hs≦3/4Hf
1.000m df=fore draft L ≧ 50m da=aft. draft
The vertical separation of forward and after

masthead lights (Ann.Ⅰ- 2(b))
Ha + D - da Hf + D –df
1000 + da + df > 1000 + df
D = depth (ext.)
31
PosiGoning & spacing of lights
(Annex I – 2 and 3)
2 or 3 Lights, and shapes in a vertical line, shall be spaced

as follows (on a vessel ≧20m)
Lights Shapes
2m or more 1.5m or more

Equally
2m or more spaced
1.5m or more
4m or more
above the hull
Ann.Ⅰ-2(i) Ann.Ⅰ- 6(b)

32
Rule 24 : Towing & Pushing
（Un-necessary for
ü  Length of tow ＞ 200m vessels ＜50m ）
(1) 3 masthead lights,

instead of the forward one.
(2) Side lights
(3) A stern light
and a towing light
(4) Side lights
and a stern light,
on each object being towed. (LoT : The length of tow)
(＊Towing lights and stern lights can’t be seen from this direction）
33
（Un-necessary for
ü  Length of tow ＞ 200m vessels ＜50m ）
3 masthead lights,
instead of the after one
( LoT : The length of tow )

（＊Towing lights and stern lights can’t be seen from this direction.）
34
（Un-necessary for
ü  Length of tow ≦ 200m vessel ＜50m ）
(1) 2 masthead lights,
instead of the forward one.
(2) Side lights
(3) A stern light
and a towing light
(4) Side lights
and a stern light,
on the each object
being towed. ( LoT : The length of tow )
（＊Towing lights and stern lights can’t be seen from this direction.）
35
（Un-necessary for
vessel ＜50m ）
ü  Length of tow ≦ 200m
2 masthead lights,
instead of the after one
( LoT : The length of tow )
（＊Towing lights and sternlights can’t be seen from this direction.）
36
ü  Day time（Length of tow ＞ 200m）
A diamond
A diamond A diamond shape
shape shape
Each vessel (towing and being towed) shall

exhibit a diamond shape, when LoT ＞ 200m
37
ü  Day time（ The length of tow ≦ 200m ）
when LoT ≦ 200m,
No shapes on each vessel.

38
Rule 27 : Vessels not under command
(a)  A vessel not under command shall exhibit :
(1) 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line

(2) 2 balls or similar shapes in a vertical line
(3) Sidelights and a stern light, when making way
through the water
Night Day
（＊Starb’d side light and stern light can’t be seen from this direction.）
39
Rule 27 : Vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre
A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall exhibit

(except engaging in mine clearance operations)
(1) 3 all round lights (red-white-red)
(2) Ball-diamond-ball
Night Day
Underway For a vessel RAM Underway For a vessel RAM
For anchoring
Anchored
For anchoring Anchored
40
Rule 28 : Vessels constrained by their draX
A vessel CBD may exhibit ;

(1) 3 all round red lights in a vertical line, or
(2) A cylinder
Night Day
For a vessel CBD For a vessel CBD
（＊A stern light & Starb’d side can’t be seen from this direction.） 41
Rule 30 : Anchored vessels
(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit ;
(i) An all-round white light or a ball (in the fore part)

(ii) An all-round white light (at or near the stern)
(b) A vessel (L < 50m) may exhibit an all-round white

light where it can best be seen in stead of (a).
Night Day
Anchor lights A ball for anchoring
Hf ≧ H ≧4.5m
6m
(Ann.Ⅰ-2(k))
42
Rule 30 : Anchored vessels
(c) A vessel at anchor may, and
A vessel (L≧100m) shall ,
use the available working or equivalent lights
to illuminate decks.
Night
Anchor light Anchor light
43
Rule 30 : Vessels aground
(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights at anchor,
and in addition
(1) 2 all-round red lights
(2) 3 balls
Night Day
All-round white
2 all-round red 3 balls
All-round
white
44
Contents of COLREG
Rule 1 -‐ 3
Rule 4 -‐ 19
Rule 20 -‐ 31
Rule 32 -‐ 37
Rule 38
45
(a) “Whistle” means any sound signaling appliances
capable of producing the prescribed blasts
(specifications in Annex Ⅲ)
(b) “Short blast” = a blast of about 1 sec. duration.
(c) “Prolonged blast” = a blast of 4~6 sec. duration.
1 sec. duration　
Short :　 Boh
4~6 sec. duration 　
Prolonged：　 Bohhhhhh
Steam or compressed air produces the blast
46
Rule 33 : Equipment for sound signals
(a) L≧100m , A whistle, a bell and a gong

L≧ 12m , A whistle and a bell
L＜ 12m , An efficient sound signal
Bell Gong
Technical details of sound signal appliances are provided in Annex III

47
Rule 34 : Manoeuvring & warning signals
(a)～(b) When vessels are in sight of one another・・・,　
Manoeuvring signals
Altering to starboard Altering to port Astern propulsion
Manoeuvre
Whistle (1 short blast) (2 short blasts) (3 short blasts)

signals
Boh Boh Boh Boh Boh Boh
Light (1 flashing) (2 flashings) (3 flashings)
signals
1 sec. 1 sec. 1 sec. 1 sec.
1.  The interval of successive signals ≧ 10 seconds

2. All-round white lights, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles (if fitted)48
Manoeuvring light
COLREG R34 & Annex I-12

2nd Masthead light
≧2m
Manoeuvring light ≧4.5m
≧2m
Fwd Masthead light
Supplement whistle signal repeatedly as appropriate
49
(f) If whistles are fitted at a distance apart ＞ 100m,
one whistle only shall be used for giving
manoeuvring and warning signals.
Bohhhhhh
more than 100m
＊2 whistles shall not be used

To prevent other vessels from mis-understanding.
50
PSC InspecGon on COLREG
Initial & More Detailed Inspections
Inspections consist of 2 procedures, an “Initial Inspection”
and a “more detailed inspection”
.1 (Initial) Inspection
To check the certificates and documents, and
furthermore the crew and the overall condition of the
ship, equipment, machinery spaces and
accommodation and hygienic conditions on board.
.2 More detailed Inspection　
In the absence of valid certificates, or if there are
clear grounds.
51
InspecGon (CerGficate)
1. “Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate” shows the result of
an inspection.
2. The endorsement for annual surveys certifies the ship is found
to comply with the relevant requirement of the Convention.
Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate (SEC)
THIS IS TO CERTIFY:
２ That the survey showed that:
２.５ the ship was provided with lights, shapes, means of

making sound signals and distress signals in accordance
with the requirements of the Convention and the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in
force; 52
InspecGon
Related to masthead light, sidelights, and stern light before
boarding.
Minimum requirement of equipment
Masthead light A second one is required for a
vessel ≧50m
Side lights 1 set (port / starboard side)
Sternlight 1
Anchor light An aft. one is required for a vessel
≧ 50m
All-round red lights 2
Balls 3
Whistle 1(Different sound criteria depends
on vessel’s length.)
Bell 1
53
Gong 1(For a vessel ≧ 100m)
Inspection to masthead light,
sidelights, and stern light
before boarding.
ELECTRICAL
SCREENS OF LIGHTS INSTALLATIONS
SIDELIGHTS (In good and working
(Cables and connections
(Matt black) conditions) in good shape)
54
SOME ASPECTS TO
KEEP IN MIND...
BLIND SECTORS LIGHTS MUST BE

FOR ALL-ROUND FREE OF
LIGHTS CAN’T OBSTACLES
BE > 6º (Containers, etc.)
55
InspecGon
Related to lights.
1. A performance test of each light is useful.

2. Deficiencies
・ Absence of any lights
・ Any light not fitted correctly.
・ Any light not in working condition.
・ Lack of shading function of Shade plates
※ Duplication, an oil lamp for emergency use, line trouble
alarm, etc. are outside of the requirements of COLREG.
3. Must be rectified before departure.

56
Panel of
Navigation Lights
Check for alarm Emergency electric

Switches clearly
system power supply in
identified
(Visual and audible) working conditions
57
EMERGENCY ELECTRIC
POWER SUPPLY
THE EMERGENCY ELECTRIC

POWER SUPPLY MUST HAVE
THE CAPACITY TO FEED •  36 Hrs, in Passenger Vessels, and
NAVIGATION LIGHTS AND
OTHER LIGHTS PRESCRIBED •  18 Hrs, in Cargo Vessels.
IN COLREG DURING A
PERIOD OF:
58
InspecGon
Related to shapes
1. Deficiencies:
・ Absence of shapes
・ Poor condition
　To be rectified before departure.
2.  In case crew do not understands meaning of

shapes, or shapes are not stowed properly for
rapid use, the inspection of an operational
requirement may be carried out.
59
InspecGon
Related to whistles
1. Deficiencies:
　・ Uncertain function (sound / stop) of whistle.
　・ Insufficient sound intensity.
＊A performance test normally is restricted in harbor

to avoid confusing terminal or other vessels.
2. When crew is not familiar with whistle operation,

the inspection of an operational requirement may
be carried out.
60
InspecGon
Related to bell and gongs
1. Deficiencies:
•  Missing:
•  Bell (φ≧20 cm) : vessel ≧12m
•  Bell (φ≧30 cm) : “ ≧20m
•  Bell & gong : “ ≧100m
•  Poor condition
2. When crew is not familiar with bell and gong

operations, the inspection of an operational
requirement may be carried out.
61
TMOU Statistics 2013
Regarding Lights, Shapes & Signals
  Deficiencies
  1.697 out of 95.272
  30 detentions
  8th pos. out of 481 items
  Safety of Navigation deficiencies

  16.272 out of 95.272
  266 detentions
  33th position out of 248 items with deficiencies
62
DEFICIENCIES THAT CAN
LEAD TO THE DETENTION OF
THE SHIP
ABSENCE, NON-COMPLIANCE WITH

THE REQUIREMENTS OR SERIOUS
DETERIORATION OF LIGHTS,
SHAPES OR SOUND SIGNALS.
63
CASE 1
All-round red
light
Port side Sidelight

- An all-round red light fixed
64
CASE 2
Side light screen:

- Corroded
- not in matt black
The lighting sector

is OUT of line
Sidelight
- Not in correct position
65
CASE 3
Short diameter
d<60cm
DIAMETER OF BLACK BALLS

- Not in compliance with regulations
66
CASE 4
We should not see the

light from this direction.
（A masthead light is fixed
here）
STERNLIGHT:
- A masthead light was fitted
67
CASE 5
Stern light is missing
STERNLIGHT
- Not provided
68
CASE 6
Backside cover is
missing.
STERNLIGHT
- Broken
69
CASE ７
Sternlight
BACKSIDE COVER　
-　heavily corroded．
70
CASE ８ Stern light of a barge
Standing on the aft. port side
edge
The white line shows the

right after direction.
Lighting center of the light

– off the right after direction.
71
Stern Light
CASE 9
Too wide!!
Masthead
After Rectification
72
CASE 10
Incorrect direction
Side Light (Starboard)
After Rectification Looking from Above 73

CASE 11
Whistle does not works due to corrosion.

74
Thank you for your aXen,on!!
75

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COLREG

Lima, Perú, 16th – 27th March 2015

Based on a presenta,on of Ricardo Böke

1948 – IMCO established

1960 – “COLREG 60” adopted

1972 – “COLREG 72” adopted

• Passenger Ship Safety Certificate

Vessel ; every description of water craft

Nothing in these Neglect of any

(f) “Vessel not under command”

Keep out !!!

(1) laying, servicing

(3) Replenishment or

(6) Towing operation

The deep draught

“Vessel constrained by her draught”

SECTION II - CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE OTHER

SECTION III - CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY

from right ahead to 22.5º

V. axis of lamp chimney

(e) “All round light”

＜A ball＞ ＜A cone＞ ＜A cylinder＞

d ≧60cm d ≧60cm d ≧60cm

A masthead light 6 miles

＊Minimum range will change according to vessel’s length.

225° 225° 135°

1.000m df=fore draft L ≧ 50m da=aft. draft

The vertical separation of forward and after

2 or 3 Lights, and shapes in a vertical line, shall be spaced

2m or more 1.5m or more

Ann.Ⅰ-2(i) Ann.Ⅰ- 6(b)

(1) 3 masthead lights,

( LoT : The length of tow )

( LoT : The length of tow )

（＊Towing lights and sternlights can’t be seen from this direction.）

Each vessel (towing and being towed) shall

when LoT ≦ 200m,

No shapes on each vessel.

(1) 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line

A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall exhibit

A vessel CBD may exhibit ;

(i) An all-round white light or a ball (in the fore part)

(b) A vessel (L < 50m) may exhibit an all-round white

(a) L≧100m , A whistle, a bell and a gong

Technical details of sound signal appliances are provided in Annex III

Whistle (1 short blast) (2 short blasts) (3 short blasts)

1 sec. 1 sec. 1 sec. 1 sec.

1. The interval of successive signals ≧ 10 seconds

COLREG R34 & Annex I-12

Supplement whistle signal repeatedly as appropriate

＊2 whistles shall not be used

Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate (SEC)

２ That the survey showed that:

２.５ the ship was provided with lights, shapes, means of

BLIND SECTORS LIGHTS MUST BE

1. A performance test of each light is useful.

3. Must be rectified before departure.

Check for alarm Emergency electric

THE EMERGENCY ELECTRIC

2. In case crew do not understands meaning of

＊A performance test normally is restricted in harbor

2. When crew is not familiar with whistle operation,

2. When crew is not familiar with bell and gong

•  Passenger Ship Safety Certificate

(3) Replenishment or　

＜A ball＞＜A cone＞＜A cylinder＞

1.  The interval of successive signals ≧ 10 seconds

2.  In case crew do not understands meaning of

  Safety of Navigation deficiencies