BASIC SCIENCE

Name : Aluvilu Collen

St No : 220007365

Assignment : 2

Course Name : Basic science

Course code : BSC410S

Mode of study : FM
Section A: Biology
Question 1
1.1 Plants make their own food while animals have to rely on the plants or other
animals for food .In photosynthesis plant convert carbon dioxide and water
1.2 Occurs in saliva and in the intestines breaks the bonds between the repeating
Glucose units
1.3 Condensation – two molecules combine
Hydrolysis – A molecules splits into two smaller one
1.4.1 Glucose and fructose
1.4.2 Galactose and glucose moieties

1.5 By promoting the growth of gut bacteria

1.6 A -Saturated fat Just because the carbon-oxygen double bond does not make
fatty acid unsaturated
B - Monounsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature but start to solidify
At refrigerator temperatures
C - Polyunsatured fats tend to help your blood cholesterol
1.7.1 - Vitamin C
1.7.2 Iron
1.7.3 Treating with iodine
1.8 A child suffering from rickets has soft bones as the bones bend .In older
people , a lack of calcium in the diet can cause brittle bones as the bones become
thinner this is known as osteoporosis.
Question 2
2.1.1 Fermentation is the conversion of glucose to alcohol or to lactic acid by
enzymes in the mirco– organisms
-it can be used for preservation, converting a perishable
2.1.2 On a commercial scale the fat and protein content of the milk is
homogenized .This is a mechanical process which breaks up fat droplet and
prevents them from separating out .The milk is then pasteurized.

2.1.3 To store plain yoghurt for the purpose of culturing future batches, it can be
frozen in one tablespoon portions and then stored in freezer. The culture can be
thawed in the refrigerator or at room temperature and then used.

2.1.4 Yogurt packed with vitamins and protein, Its also a source of lactobacillus, a
probiotic that helps fight off the bad guys and also gives your immune system a
boost. Choose the low fat or fat free kind to reap the benefits without extra
saturated fat
2.2 The fermentation time depends on the desired texture and tang in the final
product

2.3 Alcohols - Primarily, lactic acid fermentation differs from ethyl alcohol
fermentation in that lactic acid, rather than ethanol, is the resulting by
product .Exposed to oxygen, lactic acid molecules break down into carbon dioxide
and water
Section B: Chemistry
Question 3
4.1.1 Minerals – A naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an
order internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal from and
physicals properties

4.1.2 Ores – a natural occurring solid materials from which a metals or valuable
minerals can be extracted profitably.
4.1.3 Ion – is an electrical charged particle. When an atom one or more electrons
it becomes a positive charged ion.

4.2 Electron, proton and neutron

4.3 The atoms of both isotopes contain 11 protons, both sodium -23 has 12
neutron whereas sodium -24 has 13
4.4.1 - 2
4.4.2 - 8
4.4.3 – 1

4.5.1 Mg - Metal
4.5.2 B - Metalloid
4.5.3 S – Non –metal

4.6
Symbol # of proton # Electron # of neutron Net charge
35.5
Cl 17 17 35 -1
 40
Ca 20 20 20 2
Question 5

5.1 A weak acid does not readily transfer H+

5.2 -5.5.1 Acid + Base = Salt + Water

5.5.2 Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen
5.3 On litmus paper, few drops of the solution in the best tube are added
separately

5.4
Application Chemical Name Chemical Formula
Manufacture of Trichloromethane CHCI3
chloroform
Preparation of nitric acid Nitric acid HNO3
and ammonium
Used in toothpaste to Sodium Biocarbonate HCI +NaOH = NaCI + H2O
neutralize acid
Manufacture of Ammonuim nitrate NH4N03
fertilizer, plastic and
explosives
Aid in digection stomach Hydrochloric acid HCI + NaHCO3 = NaCI +
H2CO

Question 5
5.1.1 Nonrenewable because uranium and similar fuel are finite
5.1.2 Nonrenewable it cannot be replaced
5.1.3 Renewable it can be replaced
5.2 Energy conservation can be as simple assuming off light or appliances when
you do
5.3 A - because the horizontal of Hill A is not equal Hill B

5.4.1 PE =mgh
0.350 Kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 115 m
A = 394.45 J
5.4.2 PE = mgh
0.350 x 9.8 x 15
D = 51.45 J
5.4.3 KE = PE
=51.45 J

5.4.4 51.45 = ½(0,350) V2

51.45/0.175 = 0.175 V2 / 0.175
294 √ 294 = V2√ V2
V = 17.14 m/s
Question 6

6.1 NB- THE ANSWER IS IN THE FILE COMPRESSED TO THIS PDF

6.2 RT = 1/R3 + 1/R4 RT = R 1 + R 2
1 1
= +
4 4
= 2+1

2
=1 =3

=2
RT= 2+3
=5Ω
V
6.3 R = I

5v
5v

I = 1 ampere

6.4.1 Circuit
6.4.2 Circuit